Keyhole Cichlid - Cleithracara maronii : Complete Fish Profile & Care Guide
Table of contents
Introduction
Keyhole Cichlids (Cleithracara maronii) are a distinguished and highly desired species of freshwater fish, renowned for their unique markings and serene temperament, which have garnered considerable interest among aquarists globally. Their compelling behaviour and striking visual appeal make Keyhole Cichlids an exceptional addition to any aquarist's collection.
Juvenile Keyhole Cichlids exhibit a sociable demeanour and thrive in substantial groups. As they mature, they naturally form pairs and may exhibit increased territorial behaviours, particularly during spawning periods. However, such behaviours typically do not present significant challenges in inadequately sized aquarium environments.
Selecting suitable tankmates is essential, and they should ideally be small to medium-sized species with a peaceful demeanour, large enough not to be considered prey yet small enough not to disturb the tranquil nature of these Cichlids. Suitable companions may include Hatchetfish, Pencilfish, Tetras, Corydoras Catfish, and Suckermouth Catfish. The presence of such 'dither fish' often encourages these initially shy Cichlids to venture out more openly.
In order to replicate the Keyhole Cichlids' natural habitat, the aquarium environment should be thoughtfully designed. A well-established tank with a soft sand substrate is recommended, measuring at least 3ft in length, preferably larger.
Providing numerous hiding spots amidst tangles of driftwood, rocky caves, and robust vegetation, including floating species to diffuse the light, contributes to a conducive setting. Efficient filtration is essential for maintaining water quality, while a gentle water movement should be maintained to ensure the comfort of the fish. Regular partial water changes should be diligently carried out to keep nitrate levels minimal.
Physically, Keyhole Cichlids are characterised by their small tan-coloured, ovate bodies, distinguished by a black spot on their upper flank, occasionally extending into a short stripe. This unique marking has led to their common name, keyhole Cichlid, which also serves as the inspiration for their genus name Cleithracara, meaning "lock acara.
Additionally, these fish possess a distinctive black line that extends across their head, passing through the eye area. " When startled or nervous, they exhibit a blotchy colouration and seek refuge by pressing their bodies against rocks or logs to camouflage themselves, adding to their fascinating behaviour.
Keyhole Cichlid Photos
Sexual Dimorphism
Distinguishing between male and female Keyhole Cichlids is notably uncomplicated. In mature individuals, the males exhibit larger body sizes and distinctive pointed and elongated anal and dorsal fins. Conversely, the females tend to develop a plumper appearance during the breeding period.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Cleithracara maronii |
|---|---|
| Year Described | 1881 |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Classification | Actinopterygii |
| Order | Cichliformes |
| Family | Cichlidae |
| Genus | Cleithracara |
| Origins | Guyana , Suriname , French Guiana |
| Max Size | 12.5 cm |
| Temperament | Peaceful |
| Aquarium Level | All Levels |
| Difficulty | Intermediate |
| Shoaling | No |
| Best kept as | Pairs |
| Diet & Feeding | Omnivore |
| Reproduction | Egg Depositor |
| Average Lifespan | Up to 10 Years |
Water Parameters
| Water Type | Freshwater |
|---|---|
| pH | 5.5 - 7.5 |
| GH | 2 - 18 |
| ℉ | 71 - 79 |
|---|---|
| ℃ | 22 - 26 |
Natural Habitat
The Keyhole Cichlid originates from the lower Orinoco River Basin in Venezuela, with its range extending eastward through Guyana and Suriname, culminating at the Ouanary River in eastern French Guiana. Within this geographic expanse, these Cichlids predominantly reside in small, clear coastal creeks and tributaries characterized by gentle water flow. The aquatic environment in these locales is rich in decaying wood and submerged roots, and in some areas, it is further enriched by dense marginal vegetation, which collectively provides an ideal habitat for the species. The water in these habitats typically displays a brownish tint, a characteristic derived from the tannins released by the decomposing organic materials in the water.
Breeding
Keyhole Cichlids exhibit the fascinating reproductive behaviour of being bi-parental substrate spawners, and they have proven to be successfully bred within home aquariums. A typical spawning site for these cichlids encompasses a pre-cleaned, level piece of rock, wood, broad leaf, or even aquarium glass.
During the spawning process, the female engages in a series of dry runs over the chosen site, followed by the deposition of eggs in small batches. The male promptly follows, ensuring the fertilisation of the eggs, and this process is repeated until several hundred eggs are laid and successfully fertilised. Once the eggs are in place, the female assumes the duty of safeguarding them while the male diligently patrols the surrounding area, securing the spawning site.
The eggs are anticipated to hatch within approximately three days, and the fry will become free-swimming within just a few more days. At this developmental stage, the fry can be appropriately fed with newly hatched baby brine shrimp and gradually introduced to larger food sources as they mature.
It is noteworthy that young and inexperienced pairs may exhibit the behaviour of consuming their initial batch of eggs; nevertheless, they are likely to acquire proficiency with subsequent breeding attempts, swiftly mastering the intricacies of successful parental care.
Diet & Feeding
Keyhole Cichlids exhibit an omnivorous diet in their natural habitat, encompassing various food sources such as detritus, larvae, small crustaceans, and shrimp. In the controlled environment of an aquarium, they thrive when provided with a varied and nutrient-rich diet. To cater to their nutritional needs, a well-balanced feeding regimen is recommended, comprising a mix of dried foods like granules and pellets supplemented with live or frozen offerings such as bloodworms and daphnia.
Additionally, Keyhole Cichlids readily accept vegetables as part of their diet, with bite-sized pieces facilitating digestion and serving as an excellent source of fibre. Vegetables like peas, cucumber, and spinach are suitable options. To ensure optimal portion control and prevent excess food from contaminating the tank, it is advisable to provide an amount that can be consumed within two minutes during each feeding session. Feeding Keyhole Cichlids twice daily and adhering to a consistent feeding schedule contribute to their overall well-being.
For most of their diet, flakes or pellets are suitable unless the intention is to breed them, in which case live or frozen foods should comprise the primary food source. Although keyholes are not prone to feeding on plants or algae, they may consume smaller fish or fry not belonging to their own brood.
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