Turkana Jewel Cichlid - Hemichromis exsul : Complete Fish Profile & Care Guide
Table of contents
Introduction
The Turkana Jewel Cichlid (Hemichromis exsul) is a comparatively smaller and more tranquil member of its genus, rendering them highly suitable for aquarium settings when compared to the larger, more aggressively inclined Hemichromis species commonly found in the hobby.
Boasting vivid colouration and an active, outgoing demeanour, the Turkana Jewel Cichlid serves as an impressive centrepiece fish or a valuable addition to a mixed-species Cichlid community aquarium, provided that they are afforded sufficient space to establish and maintain its individual territories.
While the Turkana Jewel Cichlid exhibits a relatively peaceful disposition for an African Cichlid, they are still territorial, particularly during the breeding period, necessitating careful consideration when selecting tankmates. West African Cichlids, Synodontis Catfish, and larger schooling fish like Yellow Congo Tetras are among the suitable companions for harmonious cohabitation.
For optimal compatibility and breeding success, it is prudent to maintain Turkana Jewel Cichlids in pairs. However, hand-selecting a male and female does not guarantee compatibility, and in confined aquariums, the dominant fish may pose a threat to the weaker individual. Instead, acquiring a group of young cichlids and allowing a natural pair to form is recommended.
Turkana Jewel Cichlids demonstrate remarkable hardiness and adaptability, thriving under a diverse range of conditions. Yet, their vibrant colours are most prominently displayed in slightly hard, alkaline water conditions.
To foster successful spawning without disrupting tankmates, spacious aquariums with ample visual barriers within the decor are essential. Providing a sandy substrate and creating numerous nooks and crannies using pebbles, rocks, slate pieces, inverted flowerpots, and driftwood all aid in breaking up lines of sight.
Areas of dense planting and sturdy floating plants are appreciated, although vulnerable plant species should be avoided as the cichlids may engage in some digging, particularly during spawning. Efficient filtration and regular partial water changes are crucial to maintaining low nitrate levels, promoting the well-being of the Turkana Jewel Cichlids and their aquatic companions.
The Turkana Jewel Cichlid presents an exquisite display of colours, featuring a brilliant ruby red to peach body hue accentuated by subtle metallic blue flecking on the face and fins. Moreover, the fins exhibit a captivating dark black rim, which may intensify based on mood and lighting conditions, adding to the aesthetic allure of these captivating fish.
Turkana Jewel Cichlid Photos
Sexual Dimorphism
Distinguishing between male and female Turkana Jewel Cichlids is relatively straightforward due to observable sexual dimorphism. Males exhibit a larger physical size compared to females and are characterised by prominent blue speckles on both their bodies and fins.
In contrast, females typically possess a more rounded physique with a less pronounced forehead. Such distinct visual cues enable aquarists and researchers to discern the gender of these cichlids with reasonable ease and accuracy.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Hemichromis exsul |
|---|---|
| Year Described | 1933 |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Classification | Actinopterygii |
| Order | Cichliformes |
| Family | Cichlidae |
| Genus | Hemichromis |
| Origins | Kenya , Ethiopia |
| Max Size | 10 cm |
| Temperament | Peaceful |
| Aquarium Level | Middle - Top |
| Difficulty | Intermediate |
| Shoaling | No |
| Best kept as | Pairs |
| Diet & Feeding | Omnivore |
| Reproduction | Egg Depositor |
| Average Lifespan | Up to 6 Years |
Water Parameters
| Water Type | Freshwater |
|---|---|
| pH | 7.0 - 8.0 |
| GH | 5 - 20 |
| ℉ | 72 - 82 |
|---|---|
| ℃ | 22 - 27 |
Natural Habitat
Turkana Jewel Cichlids are indigenous to Lake Turkana, a large body of water situated in the regions of Kenya and Ethiopia, Africa. These Cichlids are notably adapted to thrive in environments characterised by hard, alkaline water conditions.
These Cichlids can be found dwelling in a diverse range of aquatic habitats, encompassing creeks, streams, rivers, and lakes. Often, they gravitate towards locales adorned with overhanging and surface vegetation, further underscoring their remarkable adaptability to diverse ecological niches.
Breeding
Turkana Jewel Cichlids exhibit pair-bonded substrate spawning behaviours. To facilitate successful reproduction, it is essential to maintain specific environmental conditions. The water parameters should be alkaline, and the temperature should be set toward the higher end of the species' preferred range. Providing an abundance of flat rocks, such as slate, allows the female to deposit her eggs securely.
Upon forming a pair bond, compatibility between the mates is reinforced by introducing suitable tankmates, which provide a focal point for territorial behaviours. As spawning approaches, the bonded pair meticulously selects a suitable site for egg-laying, ensuring it is thoroughly cleaned beforehand.
The actual spawning process resembles that of many other cichlid species, wherein the female deposits a line of eggs on the prepared spawning site before moving away to be replaced by the male, who fertilises the eggs. During this critical phase, the female nurtures the eggs while the male fiercely guards the spawning area.
Once the eggs hatch, the entire brood is carefully moved into a pre-dug pit near the original spawning site. It is not uncommon for the parent fish to relocate the fry to other pits during this stage, a process typically occurring within 4 to 6 days. At this point, the young cichlids can be offered suitable nourishment, such as baby brine shrimp or microworms.
The parental care from the adult cichlids persists for approximately four weeks. After this period, transferring the fry to a separate aquarium is advisable since the parents are inclined to engage in further spawning activities. This approach ensures the successful development and well-being of the Turkana Jewel Cichlid offspring.
Diet & Feeding
Turkana Jewel Cichlids exhibit an omnivorous feeding behaviour, implying their consumption of a diverse array of food sources. In their natural habitat, their diet primarily comprises small insects, crustaceans, and plant matter.
In the context of an aquarium environment, it becomes imperative to provide these cichlids with a meticulously balanced diet to promote their overall health and vibrancy. High-quality Cichlid pellets or flakes, thoughtfully formulated to cater to their specific nutritional requirements, are recommended as primary sustenance.
Moreover, enriching their diet with live or frozen offerings such as brine shrimp, bloodworms, daphnia, and small aquatic insects contributes to emulating their innate feeding patterns.
Additionally, some aquarists incorporate plant-based foods like blanched spinach or spirulina, which furnish essential nutrients. By embracing a diversified dietary approach, aquarium enthusiasts can effectively foster the well-being of their Cichlids, allowing these captivating creatures to exhibit their resplendent hues to the fullest extent.
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