Aquatic herb
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Apiospermum obcordatum (Schleid.) Klotzsch |
| synonym | Limnonesis commutata (Schleid.) Klotzsch |
| synonym | Limnonesis friedrichsthaliana Klotzsch |
| synonym | Pistia aegyptiaca Schleid. |
| synonym | Pistia aethiopica Fenzl ex Klotzsch |
| synonym | Pistia africana C.Presl |
| synonym | Pistia amazonica C.Presl |
| synonym | Pistia brasiliensis Klotzsch |
| synonym | Pistia commutata Schleid. |
| synonym | Pistia crispata Blume |
| synonym | Pistia cumingii Klotzsch |
| synonym | Pistia gardneri Klotzsch |
| synonym | Pistia horkeliana Miq. |
| synonym | Pistia leprieuri Blume |
| synonym | Pistia linguiformis Blume |
| synonym | Pistia minor Blume |
| synonym | Pistia natalensis Klotzsch |
| synonym | Pistia obcordata Schleid. |
| synonym | Pistia occidentalis Blume |
| synonym | Pistia schleideniana Klotzsch |
| synonym | Pistia spathulata Michx. |
| synonym | Pistia stratiotes var. cuneata Engl. |
| synonym | Pistia stratiotes var. linguiformis Engl. |
| synonym | Pistia stratiotes var. obcordata (Schleid.) Engl. |
| synonym | Pistia stratiotes var. spathulata (Michx.) Engl. |
| synonym | Pistia texensis Klotzsch |
| synonym | Pistia turpinii K.Koch |
| synonym | Pistia weigeltiana C.Presl |
| synonym | Zala asiatica Lour. |
🗒 Common Names
| Assamese |
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| English |
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| Other |
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📚 Overview
Brief
Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1
Year Assessed: 2010
Assessor/s: Gupta, A.K.
Reviewer/s: Juffe Bignoli, D., Bounphanmy, S. & Homsombath, K.
Contributors: Drius, M.
Justification: This aquatic plant is widespread and common from Africa to southeast Asia. It has also been recorded in Mexico, central America, Caribbean islands and South America. It is a free-floating plant that occurs in lakes, ponds, rivers and other water bodies. The plant is used in China as animal food and fro medicinal purpose. It has also ornamental use as an aquarium plant. As no major threats have been reported the species is Listed as Least Concern.
Conservation Actions: No conservation measures in place or needed.
IUCN and ZOO 2011
| Attributions | IUCN and ZOO 2011 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Description
Description
Pistia stratiotes is a floating plant, drift, without rod, formed of a leaf rosette, 5 to 25 cm in diameter and short runner giving rise to daughter plants. A large network of fibrous roots dangling underwater. The leaves in dense rosette, sessile, broadly spatulate, fleshy, composed of a floating airy fabric. Both sides are hairy, greyish or yellowish green. Flowers are numerous, small and hidden at the base of the leaves, surrounded by a small room pale green or white leafy 7 mm long. The fruits are small elongated bays 6 to 10 mm long, containing several dark seeds.
First Leaves
First leaves rounded or obovate, only stalked, plated at the water surface of 1 to 2 mm in diameter. Black seed remains attached to the seedling some time.
Habit
Floating aquatic plant, drifting without stem, spathulate leaves form a dense rosette of 3-15 cm in height and 5-25 cm in diameter, quickly bentgrass.
Underground System
Many fibrous roots fibrous, pendulous, measuring up to 50 cm long, with multiple perpendicular rootlets.
Stem
The rod is reduced to indistinct tillering plate at the base of the leaves. Presence of lateral runners extending from the base sheet, cylindrical 1 to 5 mm in diameter, depending on the size of the mother plant at the end of which thrive girls plants. These stolons appear at the stage 3-4 leaves of young plants from germination.
Leaf
Leaves simple, alternate, sessile, spongy, dense spiral rosette. The limbus is spatulate, obovate with a rounded top and a truncated wedge base from 6 to 12 cm long and 3-6 cm wide, with 5-7 (13) sub-parallel veins especially salient to the underside. The upper surface is green and downy while the underside is paler and tomentum denser.
Inflorescence
Inflorescence small, hidden by leaves, carried by a very short stalk, about 4 mm long. It is formed of a whitish spathe long from 5 to 25 mm, persistent, smooth inside and outside tomenteuse forming two cavities.
Flower
The flower is formed of a whitish spathe long from 5 to 25 mm, persistent, smooth inside and outside tomenteuse forming two cavities. Inside there is a very reduced spadix, attached to the base of the husk on the one female flower in the lower cavity, without perianth and 2-8 apical male flowers in the upper cavity, inserted on a whorl axis underpinned by a shallow cup. The male flowers are reduced by 2 welded stamens. The female flowers are solitary, reduced to a unilocular ovary ovoid, inserted through the axis of the spadix, a lodge with several sessile ovules. The style is short, slightly curved towards the axis, topped with a globular stigma.
Fruit
The fruit is an ellipsoid bay 6 to 10 mm long and 3-6 mm wide, thin-walled, containing 4 to 12 seeds.
Seed
Ovoid or oblong seed, about 2 mm long and 1 mm wide at the truncated apex and depressed disk-shaped. Integument rough, dark brown.
WIKWIO Project
| Attributions | WIKWIO Project |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
|
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
📚 Natural History
Reproduction
Pistia stratiotes is an aquatic plant, floating, perennial that can be propagated by seed or vegetatively by issuing numerous stolons at the end of which form girls plants. When the old leaves decay, fruits fall and sink to the bottom of the water where they eventually rot, releasing the seeds. As soon as there was light, the seeds germinate on the bottom of the water. When the first leaves develop, the spongy tissue allows the seedling back and float on the surface. This species has a very rapid growth. It doubles its biomass every 10 to 15 days depending on the temperature of the water and nutrients. Biomass production is in the order of 200 t / ha.
WIKWIO Project
| Attributions | WIKWIO Project |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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Ecology
A common aquatic weed that occurs in still water, ponds and pools or in slow flowing rivers and streams in East and West Africa
P. stratiotes is a floating plant in fresh water, pH 4. Optimum temperature 22-30 ° C [15-35], enjoys high levels of N, P, K in the water.
P. stratiotes is a floating plant in fresh water, pH 4. Optimum temperature 22-30 ° C [15-35], enjoys high levels of N, P, K in the water.
Comoros: Absent.
Madagascar: floating aquatic species, Drift, which grows on stagnant or slow-flowing rivers, lakes and canals, sometimes forming real mattresses on the surface of the water. It is found mainly in wetlands, across the eastern side of the island and the Sambirano, up to 1400 m altitude. His presence is relatively limited in the western lowlands.
Mauritius: Plant naturalized in rivers, ponds and some during calm water.
Reunion: Species very abundant in all bodies of fresh water shoreline of the island. It is usually mixed with Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.
Seychelles: Species occasionally present in marshy areas.
WIKWIO Project
| Attributions | WIKWIO Project |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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Miscellaneous Details
It is commonly known as Chhota Kumbhi or Water Lettuce.
IUCN and ZOO 2011
| Attributions | IUCN and ZOO 2011 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Freshwater
Miost areas
Habitat and Ecology: It is a free-floating plant that is capable of forming dense mats on the surfaces of lakes, ponds, rivers and other water bodies.
Systems: Freshwater
List of Habitats: 5, 5.1, 5.5, 5.7
IUCN and ZOO 2011
| Attributions | IUCN and ZOO 2011 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Description
Origin
Uncertain origin, probably native to South America (Rivers, 2002).
World distribution
It is present in all subtropical and warm temperate tropical regions
It is present in all subtropical and warm temperate tropical regions
WIKWIO Project
| Attributions | WIKWIO Project |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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Global Distribution
India: Assam
Indian Distribution
Assam
Range Description: Widespread and common species from Africa to southeast Asia. It has also been recorded in Mexico, central America, Caribbean islands and South America.
Countries - Native: Afghanistan; Angola; Antigua and Barbuda; Argentina; Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland); Bangladesh; Belize; Benin; Bolivia; Botswana; Brazil; Brunei Darussalam; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cambodia; Cameroon; Canada; Central African Republic; Chad; China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Colombia; Comoros; Congo; Costa Rica; Côte d'Ivoire; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; El Salvador; Equatorial Guinea; Ethiopia; Gabon; Gambia; Ghana; Guadeloupe; Guatemala; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Guyana; Haiti; Honduras; India; Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Jawa, Kalimantan, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Sumatera); Jamaica; Kenya; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Malaysia; Mali; Martinique; Mauritania; Mauritius; Mexico; Montserrat; Mozambique; Myanmar; Namibia; Nepal; Nicaragua; Niger; Nigeria; Pakistan; Panama; Paraguay; Peru; Philippines; Puerto Rico; Rwanda; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Singapore; Somalia; South Africa (Eastern Cape Province, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal); Sri Lanka; Sudan; Suriname; Swaziland; Taiwan, Province of China; Tanzania, United Republic of; Thailand; Togo; Uganda; United States (Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Texas); Uruguay; Venezuela; Viet Nam; Virgin Islands, British; Zambia; Zimbabwe
IUCN and ZOO 2011
| Attributions | IUCN and ZOO 2011 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Trends
Population: Members of this species are very common weeds of waterways, sometimes obliterating water bodies. It is widespread in rivers, lakes and ponds of temperate well as tropical climates. Considered as invasive in many countries.
Population Trend: Unknown
IUCN and ZOO 2011
| Attributions | IUCN and ZOO 2011 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Risk Statement
Global
P. stratiotes prevents browsing, blocking dams, hampers access to water for livestock and people as well as fishing, blocking the pumps, intercepts the light, reduces the oxygen content increases from February to August After the evaporation of a free water surface, upsets the mineral balance, strong release of H2S. According to Rivers (2002), P. stratiotes can inflict a severe impact on the environment and economy of infested areas. The dense mats created by connected rosettes of the plant lead to the majority of problems encountered with water lettuce. These mats can have a negative economic effect by blocking waterways, thus increasing the difficulty of navigation and hindering flood control efforts. Mats of P. stratiotes can also disrupt natural ecosystems. They can lead to a lower concentration of oxygen in covered waters and sediments by blocking airwater interface and root respiration. Extremely thick mats of P. stratiotes can prevent sunlight from reaching underlying water. The cumulative effect of these negative characteristics of the plant is a loss of biodiversity in invaded habitats. P. stratiotes mats can also serve as a breeding place for mosquitoes.
Local
Benin: Rare and scarce.
Burkina Faso: Rare and scarce.
Comoros: Absent.
Ivory Coast: Frequent and usually abundant.
Ghana: Rare and scarce.
Madagascar: aquatic invasive species.
Mali: Rare but abundant when present.
Maurice: It can be harmful to aquatic crops such as watercress and wildlife living in aquatic environments.
Nigeria: Rare and scarce.
Reunion: A weed quickly becoming invasive in freshwater bodies in coastal low current. In some situations, such as Etang du Gol, she manages to cover, with Eichhornia crassipes, all of the free water surface, which results in severe environmental consequences, especially for aquatic fauna (acidification of the environment, reduction of oxygen to water, eutrophication by massive breakdown of old leaves, drastic reduction of light, heavy metal accumulation subsequently released into the medium). During major weather events with heavy rain, coastal lagoons and estuaries those evacuated in the ocean huge mats of floating plants, which represent a danger to navigation and pollute the lagoon and nearby beaches.
Seychelles: very invasive species where it is located and very difficult to remove.
Tanzania: Frequent and usually abundant.
Uganda: Frequent and usually abundant
Tanzania: Frequent and usually abundant.
Uganda: Frequent and usually abundant
WIKWIO Project
| Attributions | WIKWIO Project |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
|
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Category
Least Concern
Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1
Year Assessed: 2010
Assessor/s: Gupta, A.K.
Reviewer/s: Juffe Bignoli, D., Bounphanmy, S. & Homsombath, K.
Contributors: Drius, M.
Justification: This aquatic plant is widespread and common from Africa to southeast Asia. It has also been recorded in Mexico, central America, Caribbean islands and South America. It is a free-floating plant that occurs in lakes, ponds, rivers and other water bodies. The plant is used in China as animal food and fro medicinal purpose. It has also ornamental use as an aquarium plant. As no major threats have been reported the species is Listed as Least Concern.
Conservation Actions: No conservation measures in place or needed.
IUCN and ZOO 2011
| Attributions | IUCN and ZOO 2011 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Threats
The water covered areas P. stratiotes show preferred development environments for different species of mosquitoes (Anopheles , Mansonia ) vectors of malaria , filariasis and encephalomyelithe .
WIKWIO Project
| Attributions | WIKWIO Project |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
|
Major Threat (s): Rather than facing any major threats this plant, where it has been introduced, can pose a threat to native species.
IUCN and ZOO 2011
| Attributions | IUCN and ZOO 2011 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
System of Medicines Used In
Ayurveda
Folk medicine
Siddha
Unani
System Of Medicines Used In
Ayurveda, Folk medicine, Unani, Siddha, Folk medicine
FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1689
| Attributions | FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1689 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Management
Global
Mechanical control: Mechanical control against P. stratiotes can be achieved in different ways - manual harvest to the net and at the fork from the shore, harvesting treadmill, harvest by harvester boat. This type of harvesting requires a piling on the bank followed by an evacuation by truck to another location or biomass will be left to rot. Given the speed of propagation of the water lettuce and the amount of biomass produced, this group of methods never allowed to fight effectively against an invasion by these species. These methods require a very large workforce and have a very high energy cost (carpets, boats, trucks) to be permanent. The only cases where these methods are maintained concerning the release of dams and water intakes of hydropower stations, catch water pumps water supply and the input channels and output port on large lakes and large rivers. Given the biomass produced and the growth rate provide for removal of 20 kg / m² every 10 to 15 days.
Chemical control: In France, only two molecules are approved for weed control of aquatic and semi-aquatic plants: efficient dichlobenil on monocots and dicots (80 to 160 kg.ha-1 pc depending on the water depth) Note that this product poses a risk of poisoning for high dose fish; glyphosate for the destruction of semi-aquatic plants helophytes (2160 g.ha-1 3240 until my g.ha-1 for my mallet). But the brutal and kills all water lettuce translates into a huge mass of organic matter flowing and breaks down at the same time, which results in a significant release of H2S in the middle.
Biological control: A weevil is proposed for the biological control against P. stratiotes. These are: Neohydronomus affinis Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Erirhinae).
For weeding Advice floating aquatic weeds of irrigated rice and lowland in Africa visit: http://portal.wikwio.org/document/show/22
Local
Reunion: The various attempts of mechanical control at Etang du Gol have proven ineffective.
WIKWIO Project
| Attributions | WIKWIO Project |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
|
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1689
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/threats-classification-scheme
- Gupta, A.K. 2010. Pistia stratiotes. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011.
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/conservation-actions-classification-scheme-ver2
- Chen, J. and Stevenson, D.W. 2006. Flora of China. Available at: www.efloras.org.; Duke, J.A. 2010. Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Available at:http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/ethnobot.pl. (Accessed: 20 January).; IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at:http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO and Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. 2010. eFloras. Available at: http://www.efloras.org.; Odjegba, V.J. and Fasidi, I.O. 2003. Accumulation of Trace Elements by Pistia stratiotes: Implications for phytoremediation. Ecotoxicology 13(7): 637-646.; The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2010. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Available at: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/.; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network ? (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl.
- Citation: Gupta, A.K. 2010. Pistia stratiotes. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011.
- Gupta, A.K. 2010. Pistia stratiotes. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011.
- Chen, J. and Stevenson, D.W. 2006. Flora of China. Available at: www.efloras.org.; Duke, J.A. 2010. Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Available at:http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/ethnobot.pl. (Accessed: 20 January).; IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at:http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO and Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. 2010. eFloras. Available at: http://www.efloras.org.; Odjegba, V.J. and Fasidi, I.O. 2003. Accumulation of Trace Elements by Pistia stratiotes: Implications for phytoremediation. Ecotoxicology 13(7): 637-646.; The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2010. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Available at: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/.; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network ? (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl.
Overview > Diagnostic > Description
- http://portal.wikwio.org/species/show/260?lang=fr
Natural History > Reproduction
- http://portal.wikwio.org/species/show/260?lang=fr
- http://portal.wikwio.org/species/show/260?lang=fr
Natural History > Ecology
- http://portal.wikwio.org/species/show/260?lang=fr
Habitat and Distribution > Distribution > Description
- http://portal.wikwio.org/species/show/260?lang=fr
Demography and Conservation > Risk Statement
- http://portal.wikwio.org/species/show/260?lang=fr
Demography and Conservation > Threats
- http://portal.wikwio.org/species/show/260?lang=fr
Uses and Management > Management
- http://portal.wikwio.org/species/show/260?lang=fr
Information Listing > References
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1689
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/threats-classification-scheme
- Gupta, A.K. 2010. Pistia stratiotes. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011.
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/conservation-actions-classification-scheme-ver2
- Chen, J. and Stevenson, D.W. 2006. Flora of China. Available at: www.efloras.org.; Duke, J.A. 2010. Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Available at:http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/ethnobot.pl. (Accessed: 20 January).; IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at:http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO and Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. 2010. eFloras. Available at: http://www.efloras.org.; Odjegba, V.J. and Fasidi, I.O. 2003. Accumulation of Trace Elements by Pistia stratiotes: Implications for phytoremediation. Ecotoxicology 13(7): 637-646.; The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2010. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Available at: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/.; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network ? (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl.
- Citation: Gupta, A.K. 2010. Pistia stratiotes. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011.
- Gupta, A.K. 2010. Pistia stratiotes. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011.
- Chen, J. and Stevenson, D.W. 2006. Flora of China. Available at: www.efloras.org.; Duke, J.A. 2010. Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Available at:http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/ethnobot.pl. (Accessed: 20 January).; IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at:http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO and Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. 2010. eFloras. Available at: http://www.efloras.org.; Odjegba, V.J. and Fasidi, I.O. 2003. Accumulation of Trace Elements by Pistia stratiotes: Implications for phytoremediation. Ecotoxicology 13(7): 637-646.; The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2010. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Available at: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/.; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network ? (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl.
Food habit and feeding pattern of Great One-horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) in Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park, Assam
PM
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Mayur BawriObservations on the association of Scaphula deltae Blanford (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in Garanga Wetland of Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India
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Journal of Threatened TaxaNo Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Liliopsida |
| Order | Alismatales |
| Family | Araceae |
| Genus | Pistia |
| Species | Pistia stratiotes L. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
👥 Groups
