Abstract
Contamination by microplastics (MPs) has been recorded in various environments and organisms around the world. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of MPs in two species of Siluriformes fishes Pterygoplichthys pardalis and Hoplosternum littorale considering the sex and different body parts of fish captured in Amazon floodplain areas, which are marketed and consumed in the Municipality of Itacoatiara, Amazonas, Brazil. One hundred and fifty individuals of each fish species were analyzed for microplastics. Of these, 252 individuals were found to contain MPs: 127 (85%) P. pardalis and 125 (83%) H. littorale. The fish were contaminated with 683 MP particles, ranging from 1 to 43 MP particles/individual, with an average of 2.71 ± 3.2 MP particles/individual P. pardalis and H. littorale. Comparison of MP occurrence and particle size between species, sex, and body part found no significant difference. Fiber-shaped and blue-colored MPs were the most abundant in both P. pardalis (80% and 85.5%, respectively) and H. littorale (92% and 85%, respectively). The particles were identified as polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene. The results indicate MP contamination in P. pardalis and H. littorale catfish, which are widely consumed by Amazonian riverside communities. These species are often cooked whole (including the viscera) becoming a direct route of microplastic contamination to humans.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Postgraduate Programs in Science and Technology of Amazon Resources and Animal Science and Fisheries Resources at the Universidade Federal do Amazonas for supporting this research. We are grateful to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), PROAP-CAPES Program, the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Amazonas (FAPEAM) and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP).
Funding
This study was partially funded by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Amazonas (FAPEAM) through a POSGRAD Program grant to IJGA, Amazonas Program and PAINTER+ (Proc. 062.01258/2018 and 01.02.06301.03900/2022-66) for research support to GYH. Additionally, funding was provided by PAINTER and CT&I Áreas Prioritárias (Proc. 062.00875/2020 and 01.02.016301.03332/2021-12) supporting research conducted by GFP. Furthermore, the study received funding from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sâo Paulo for research support to RAA (Proc. 2016/21070-5) for the fellowship to BRM (Proc. 2020/09250-3).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. The scientific writing, collection, and processing of samples and data analysis were done by the author IJGA. The chemical analysis and identification of the polymers were performed by authors BRM and RAA. Data analysis was performed by author GAG. The writing of the manuscript and identification of the polymer were performed by the author GFP. The writing of the manuscript and data analysis were performed by author BSS. The research management, scientific writing, and data analysis were by the author GYH.
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The collections followed Brazilian legislation, with authorization from the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio/SISBIO–Authorization number: 78248–1) and the Genetic Heritage Management Council (Genetic Heritage/CTA–registration number: A651951).
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de Azevedo, I.J.G., de Moraes, B.R., Ando, R.A. et al. Microplastics in catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau 1855) and Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock, 1828) marketed in Itacoatiara, Amazonas, Brazil. Environ Biol Fish 107, 107–119 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-024-01517-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-024-01517-2