Abstract
The concentration of toxic metals in water, sediment, and organs of species Dawkinsia filamentosa and its growth conditions were analyzed from the Tamiraparani river of Tamilnadu, India. The water quality preferred to examine the existence of metals, and the concentration of Pb, Cr and Cd expand the first time were found to be high in sediment, which was followed by water and the organs of the fish gill and liver. Even though, intakes of the toxic metals were highly accumulated in the gill instead of the liver. From that, the histological assessments of organ damages were observed significant variations in the study sites. Within the linear regression parameters for length-weight relationships of coefficient value r2, ‘a’ value and ‘b’ value were showed the allometric growth rate and condition factor of ‘K’ was fittest. The phylogenetic tree analyses were showing analogy between the opposite groups of Clade III and Clade II showed that the species were closely correlated with the Puntius sp. of other species. And in Clade I was intimately related within the identical population of D. filamentosa as respectively. However, the comparison of metal concentrations of other Indian rivers and of other parts of the world specified that these metals are getting closer to the standard permissible limits. Altogether, the potential ecological risk factor was slightly increased at the sampling sites; therefore, we conclude that the metal contents might pollute the river. Throughout this research, the observed findings emphasize that fish species from the riverine ecosystem may useful for environmental management and genetic diversity.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.
Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.
References
Abdullahi J, Fagwalawa L, Abdulkarim F (2014) Length-weight relationship and condition factor of two fish species (Bagrus Bayad and Tilapia Zillii) of Wudil River. Kano - Nigeria. Am B Rev 2:13
Agah H, Leermakers M, Elskens M et al. (2009) Accumulation of trace metals in the muscle and liver tissues of five fish species from the Persian Gulf. Environ Monit Assess 157:499–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0551-8
Alberto WD, Marı́a del Pilar D, Marı́a Valeria A et al. (2001) Pattern recognition techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality. A case study: Suquı́a River Basin (Córdoba–Argentina). Water Res 35:2881–2894. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00592-3
Ali MM, Ali ML, Islam MS, Rahman MZ (2016) Preliminary assessment of heavy metals in water and sediment of Karnaphuli River, Bangladesh. Environ Nanotechnology, Monit Manag 5:27–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2016.01.002
Ambedkar G, Muniyan M (2012) Analysis of heavy metals in water, sediments and selected freshwater fish collected from Gadilam River, Tamilnadu, India. Int J Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2:25–30
Antal L, Halasi-Kovács B, Nagy SA (2013) Changes in fish assemblage in the Hungarian section of River Szamos/Someş after a massive cyanide and heavy metal pollution. North West J Zool 9:131–138
APHA (2012) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 22nd edn. American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) and Water Environment Federation (WEF), Washington, D.C., USA
Ardura A, Planes S, Garcia-Vazquez E (2013) Applications of DNA barcoding to fish landings: Authentication and diversity assessment. Zookeys 365:49–65. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.365.6409
Arumugam S, Ramaiah S (2018) Concentrations of toxic metals (Pb, Cd, Cr) in the tissues and their effects on diversification of Devario aequipinnatus populations. Int J Environ Health Res 28:379–390. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2018.1479516
Bastami KD, Bagheri H, Haghparast S et al. (2012) Geochemical and geo-statistical assessment of selected heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Gorgan Bay, Iran. Mar Pollut Bull 64:2877–2884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.08.015
Bhat A (2004) Patterns in the distribution of freshwater fishes in rivers of Central Western Ghats, India and their associations with environmental gradients. Hydrobiologia 529:83–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-004-4949-1
Bhuvaneshwari R, Selvam AP, Srimurali S et al. (2016) Human and ecological risk evaluation of toxic metals in the water and sediment of river Cauvery. Int J Sci Res Publ 6:415–421
BIS (2012) Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification (Second Revision). Bureau of Indian Standards, (IS: 10500), New Delhi
Bolormaa O, Baasansuren J, Kawasaki K et al. (2006) PIXE analysis of heavy metals in water samples from a mining area in Mongolia. Nucl Instrum Meth Phys Res Sect B Beam Interact Mater Atoms 243:161–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.190
Chandrasekaran A, Mukesh MV, Chidambaram S et al. (2015) Assessment of heavy metal distribution pattern in the sediments of Tamirabarani river and estuary, east coast of Tamil Nadu, India. Environ Earth Sci 73:2441–2452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3593-y
Dahanukar N, Raghavan R, Ali A, et al (2011) The status and distribution of freshwater fishes of the Western Ghats. In: Molur, S., Smith, K.G., Daniel, B.A. and Darwall WR. (ed.) The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in the Western Ghats, India. Cambridge, UK and Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, and Coimbatore, India: Zoo Outreach Organisation, pp 21–48
Dudgeon D, Arthington AH, Gessner MO et al. (2006) Freshwater biodiversity: importance, threats, status and conservation challenges. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 81:163–182. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1464793105006950
Ebrahimi M, Taherianfard M (2011) The effects of heavy metals exposure on reproductive systems of cyprinid fish from Kor River. Iran J Fish Sci 10:13–24
Ebrahimpour M, Mushrifah I (2010) Seasonal variation of cadmium, copper, and lead concentrations in fish from a freshwater lake. Biol Trace Elem Res 138:190–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-009-8596-2
Effendi H, Romanto, Wardiatno Y (2015) Water quality status of Ciambulawung river, Banten Province, based on Pollution Index and NSF-WQI. Procedia Environ Sci 24:228–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.03.030
Ekeanyanwu C, Ogbuinyi C, O FE (2010) Trace metals distribution in fish tissues, bottom sediments and water from Okumeshi river in Delta State, Nigeria. Ethiop J Environ Stud Manag 3:12–17
El-Hasan T, Batarseh M, Al-Omari H et al. (2006) The distribution of heavy metals in urban street dusts of Karak City, Jordan. Soil Sediment Contam An Int J 15:357–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320380600751728
Froese R (2006) Cube law, condition factor and weight–length relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations. J Appl Ichthyol 22:241–253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00805.x
Gupta A, Rai DK, Pandey RS, Sharma B (2008) Analysis of some heavy metals in the riverine water, sediments and fish from river Ganges at Allahabad. Environ Monit Assess 157:449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0547-4
Hakanson L (1980) An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach. Water Res 14:975–1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8
Ikem A, Egiebor NO, Nyavor K (2003) Trace elements in water, fish and sediment from Tuskegee Lake, Southeastern USA. Water Air Soil Pollut 149:51–75. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025694315763
Isenbarger TA, Finney M, Ríos-Velázquez C et al. (2008) Miniprimer PCR, a new lens for viewing the microbial world. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:840–849. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01933-07
Islam MS, Ahmed MK, Habibullah-Al-Mamun M, Hoque MF (2015) Preliminary assessment of heavy metal contamination in surface sediments from a river in Bangladesh. Environ Earth Sci 73:1837–1848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3538-5
Jain CK, Gupta H, Chakrapani GJ (2008) Enrichment and fractionation of heavy metals in bed sediments of River Narmada, India. Environ Monit Assess 141:35–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9876-y
Janadeleh H, Jahangiri S (2016) Original article risk assessment and heavy metal contamination in fish (Otolithes ruber) and sediments in Persian Gulf. J Community Heal Res 5:169–181
Jelks HL, Walsh SJ, Burkhead NM et al. (2008) Imperiled North American freshwater and diadromous fishes. Fisheries 33:372–386
Krishna AK, Mohan KR (2014) Risk assessment of heavy metals and their source distribution in waters of a contaminated industrial site. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 21:3653–3669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2359-5
Le Cren ED (1951) The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in Gonad weight and condition in the Perch (Perca fluviatilis). J Anim Ecol 20:201–219.
Lin HC, Hwang PP (1998) Acute and chronic effects of gallium chloride (GaCl3) on tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 60:931–935. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001289900717
Mapfumo E, Willms WD, Chanasyk DS (2002) Water quality of surface runoff from grazed fescue grassland watersheds in Alberta. Water Qual Res J Canada 37:543–562. https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2002.036
Mastan SA (2014) Heavy metals concentration in various tissues of two freshwater fishes, Labeo rohita and Channa striatus. African J Environ Sci Technol 8:166–170. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2013.1540
Mendil D, Doğan Uluözlü Ö, Hasdemir E et al. (2005) Determination of trace metal levels in seven fish species in lakes in Tokat, Turkey. Food Chem 90:175–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.03.039
Mohan DS, Arumugam S, Ramaiah S (2018) Diversification and microscopic structure of tissues in endemic and endangered species of Dawkinsia tambraparniei from the river Tamiraparani, Tamil Nadu, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 25:6570–6583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0896-z
Mohiuddin KM, Otomo K, Ogawa Y, Shikazono N (2012) Seasonal and spatial distribution of trace elements in the water and sediments of the Tsurumi River in Japan. Environ Monit Assess 184:265–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-1966-1
Munger C, Hare L, Craig A, Charest P-M (1998) Influence of exposure time on the distribution of cadmium within the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia. Aquat Toxicol 44:195–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(98)00076-9
Olojo EAA, Olurin KB, Mbaka G, Oluwemimo AD (2005) Histopathology of the gill and liver tissues of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus exposed to lead. African J Biotechnol 4:117–122. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2005.000-3020
Paatero P, Hopke PK (2003) Discarding or downweighting high-noise variables in factor analytic models. Anal Chim Acta 490:277–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(02)01643-4
Pancras JP, Ondov JM, Poor N et al. (2006) Identification of sources and estimation of emission profiles from highly time-resolved pollutant measurements in Tampa, FL. Atmos Environ 40:467–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.036
Penn MR, Pauer JJ, Mihelcic JR (2004) Environmental and ecological chemistry. In: Sabljic A (ed) Isle of Man. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization- Encyclopedia Life Support Systems (UNESCO-EOLSS), pp 2, 278
Pethiyagoda RS, Lanka S, Kottelat M (2005) A review of the barb of the Puntius filamentosus group (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) of Southern India and Sri Lanka. Raffles Bull Zool 12:127–144
Picado A, Bebianno MJ, Costa MH et al. (2007) Biomarkers: a strategic tool in the assessment of environmental quality of coastal waters. Hydrobiologia 587:79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-0695-5
Rathod SR, Khedkar GD (2011) Impact of elevation, latitude and longitude on fish diversity in Godavari River. J Res Biol 1:269–275
Raphael EC, Augustina OC, Frank EO (2011) Trace Metals Distribution in Fish Tissues, Bottom Sediments and Water from Okumeshi River in Delta State, Nigeria Environ Res J 5:6–10. https://doi.org/10.3923/erj.2011.6.10
Sabaridasan A, Edwinthangam P, Sapphire MD, Soranam R (2015) Studies on length-weight relationships and condition factor of common fish Dawkinsia filamentosa (Cypriniforms: Cyprinidae) from Southern Western Ghats, India. Res Rev J Ecol 4:1–7
Saksena DN, Garg RK, Rao RJ (2008) Water quality and pollution status of Chambal river in National Chambal Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh. J Environ Biol 29:701–710
Sallenave R (2012) Understanding water quality parameters to better manage your pond. Extension Aquatic Ecology Specialist, Department of Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources, New Mexico State University, 1–4
Sekabira K, Origa HO, Basamba TA et al. (2010) Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the urban stream sediments and its tributaries. Int J Environ Sci Technol 7:435–446. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03326153
Sfakianakis DG, Renieri E, Kentouri M, Tsatsakis AM (2015) Effect of heavy metals on fish larvae deformities: a review. Environ Res 137:246–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.12.014
Shinn C, Dauba F, Grenouillet G et al. (2009) Temporal variation of heavy metal contamination in fish of the river lot in southern France. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 72:1957–1965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.06.007
Singh KP, Malik A, Sinha S et al. (2005) Estimation of source of heavy metal contamination in sediments of Gomti River (India) using principal component analysis. Water Air Soil Pollut 166:321–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-5268-5
Stentiford GD, Longshaw M, Lyons BP et al. (2003) Histopathological biomarkers in estuarine fish species for the assessment of biological effects of contaminants. Mar Environ Res 55:137–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0141-1136(02)00212-x
Suresh G, Sutharsan P, Ramasamy V, Venkatachalapathy R (2012) Assessment of spatial distribution and potential ecological risk of the heavy metals in relation to granulometric contents of Veeranam lake sediments, India. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 84:117–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.06.027
Tamura K, Nei M (1993) Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol Biol Evol 10:512–526. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040023
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N et al. (2011) MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28:2731–2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121
Tsui MTK, Wang W-X (2004) Uptake and elimination routes of inorganic mercury and methylmercury in Daphnia magna. Environ Sci Technol 38:808–816. https://doi.org/10.1021/es034638x
Ural M, Yildirim N, Danabas D et al. (2012) Some heavy metals accumulation in tissues in Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) from Uzuncayir Dam lake (Tunceli, Turkey). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 88:172–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0474-x
USEPA (2000) Risk- Based Concentration Table. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC; Philadelphia, PA
Valenciennes A (1844) Histoire naturelle des poissons. In: Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes. Museum of Comparative Zoology-Biodiversity Heritage Library digitization project. Levrault, Strassbourg, pp 487–519
Van Dyk JC, Pieterse GM (2008) A histo-morphological study of the testis of the sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) as reference for future toxicological assessments. J Appl Ichthyol 24:415–422. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01127.x
Velma V, Tchounwou PB (2010) Chromium-induced biochemical, genotoxic and histopathologic effects in liver and kidney of goldfish, carassius auratus. Mutat Res 698:43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.03.014
Ward RD (2009) DNA barcode divergence among species and genera of birds and fishes. Mol Ecol Resour 9:1077–1085. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02541.x
Weber P, Behr ER, Knorr CDL et al. (2013) Metals in the water, sediment, and tissues of two fish species from different trophic levels in a subtropical Brazilian river. Microchem J 106:61–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2012.05.004
WHO (2012) Guidelines for drinking water quality. World Health Organization, Geneva
Yancheva V, Velcheva I, Stoyanova S, Georgieva E (2016) Histological biomarkers in fish as a tool in ecological risk assessment and monitoring programs: A review. Appl Ecol Environ Res 14:47–75. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1401_047075
Yi Y, Yang Z, Zhang S (2011) Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in fishes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin. Environ Pollut 159:2575–2585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.06.011
Yoon S, Han SS, Rana SVS (2008) Molecular markers of heavy metal toxicity–a new paradigm for health risk assessment. J Environ Biol 29:1–14
Yousafzai AM, Chivers DP, Khan AR et al. (2010) Comparison of heavy metals burden in two freshwater fishes Wallago attu and Labeo dyocheilus with regard to their feeding habits in natural ecosystem. Pak J Zool 42:537–544
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to extend their grateful thank Dr. S. Senthil-Nathan, to carefully revised the manuscript and stringently point out its weakness. We also sincerely thank the authorities of Sri Paramakalyani Centre of Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University at Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu for providing facilities.
Author contributions
S. A.: Conceptualization; methodology; investigation; formal analysis; visualization; writing - original draft; writing - review and editing; and paper administration. M. S. A. A. S.: Investigation; formal analysis; Writing - review and editing. S. R.: Conceptualization; visualization; writing - review and editing. G. K.: Visualization; writing - review and editing.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary information
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Arumugam, S., Abul Asan Sathali, M.S., Ramaiah, S. et al. Diversification of Dawkinsia filamentosa (Valenciennes, 1844) and their growth conditions by the impact of toxic metals in the river Tamiraparani. Ecotoxicology 30, 1043–1055 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02427-0
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02427-0