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Mitochondrial phylogeny, diversity, and ichthyogeography of gobies (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the oldest and deepest Caspian sub-basin and tracing source and spread pattern of an introduced Rhinogobius species at the tricontinental crossroad

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Abstract

Here, we combined archived mitochondrial sequences for Ponto-Caspian gobiids with new sequences from the south Caspian basin to assess and evaluate its gobioid diversity and taxonomy, and to provide a first mitochondrial-based phylogenetic and phylogeographic framework. We demonstrate that: (i) Proterorhinus nasalis is the tubenose goby taxon in the saline waters of the southern Caspian Sea, whereas the name Pr. semipellucidus for the Azov/northern Caspian Sea/Volga River populations is likely be resurrected depending on the outcome of an integrative taxonomical approach; (ii) the deep-water goby Ponticola bathybius should be re-assigned to the genus Neogobius, as it is the sistergroup of N. melanostomus; (iii) specimens previously identified as Po. cyrius and Po. iljini from the south Caspian basin appear conspecific with Po. iranicus and Po. gorlap, respectively, and should be omitted from the checklist of Iranian and south Caspian freshwater fishes; (iv) the low stand of the Caspian Sea during the Tyurkyanian regression is inferred to have led to the isolation and evolution of Po. iranicus; and (v) similarities in genetic background, and invasion history of Rhinogobius sp. and Pseudorasbora parva in Iran and Turkmenistan indicate that the initial introduction of both species into the region possibly originated from Japan in the 1980s.

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Data availability

The COI sequence dataset generated and analyzed during this study is available in the GenBank repository. Specimens used in the present study are deposited as voucher specimens in the Zoological Museum of Shiraz University, Collection of Biology Department (ZM-CBSU), and the SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich (SNSB-ZSM).

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Marcelo Kovačić (Natural History Museum Rijeka), Dirk Erpenbeck (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München), R. Sadeghi, Y. Bakhshi, H. Mehraban, M. Masoudi, and staff of the Anzali’s Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center (IFSRI) for helping with fish collection in southern Caspian Sea basin. Our thanks are also due to Daisuke Kageyama (NARO, Japan) and Mahmood Soofi (University of Aberdeen) for sending us some old publications, and to M. Neilson (U.S. Geological Survey) and C. E. Thacker (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) for providing additional information on some archived materials in the GenBank repository. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive remarks, which greatly enhanced the quality of manuscript. The research work was funded by Shiraz University (SU-9630190).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

    Fatah Zarei, Hamid Reza Esmaeili & Golnaz Sayyadzadeh

  2. Center for Hydrobiology and Aquatic Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

    Hamid Reza Esmaeili

  3. SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Department of Ichthyology, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, Munich, Germany

    Ulrich K. Schliewen

  4. Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Bandar Anzali, Iran

    Keyvan Abbasi

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Correspondence to Hamid Reza Esmaeili.

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Zarei, F., Esmaeili, H.R., Schliewen, U.K. et al. Mitochondrial phylogeny, diversity, and ichthyogeography of gobies (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the oldest and deepest Caspian sub-basin and tracing source and spread pattern of an introduced Rhinogobius species at the tricontinental crossroad. Hydrobiologia 848, 1267–1293 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04521-0

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