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Research Article
JURNAL BIOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS
Vol. 8 No. 1 (2020) 1-8
Tracking the morphological diversity of Bucephalandra motleyana Schott
(1858 (Araceae) using its commercial name in the proximities of Jakarta,
Indonesia
Media Fitri Isma Nugraha1) *), Ina Erlinawati2), Deni Sahroni2), Wening Enggarini3),
Rossa Yunita3), and Muhammad Yamin1)
1)
2)
3)
Indonesian Research Centre for Ornamental Fish Culture - Ministry Marine and Fisheries Republic Indonesia. Jl. Perikanan No. 13
Pancoran Mas Depok 16436
Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) - Research Center for Biology - Botani Division. Cibinong Science Center, Jl Raya Jakarta-Bogor
KM. 46 Cibinong 16911
Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD) Jl. Tentara
Pelajar No. 3A Bogor 16114
SUBMISSION TRACK
ABSTRACT
Submitted : 2020-01-08
Revised : 2020-02-18
Accepted : 2020-02-04
Published : 2020-04-10
Bucephalandra Schott, Gen. Aroid. (1858) is a genus within Araceae family and assigned
to some aquatic plants endemic to Borneo Island, currently representing 31 species.
Bucephalandra species are known as ornamental aquatic plants and common for
aquascaping. These aquatic plants are highly valued, approximately € 300 in European
ornamental aquatic markets and Rp 50,000–700,000 in local markets. We collected 195
specimens of Bucephalandra. from 5 ornamental aquatic plant markets in the proximity
of Jakarta City, Indonesia. This study is based on repeated confusion with overwhelmed
vernacular names assigned for Bucephalandra in the markets. Therefore, the aims of this
study are to collect and to identify of Bucephalandra offered in the aquatic plant markets
with emphasis on Bucephalandra motleyana Schott 1858. Specimen identification are
mostly based on reference specimens stored in the Herbarium Bogoriense Botany
Division – Research Centre for Biology – Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)
Cibinong. As result, this study collected 110 specimens belonged to Bucephalandra
motleyana Schott 1858 and 85 specimens identified as other species within this genus.
KEYWORDS
Bucephalandra
Motleyana (Schott 1858)
ornamental aquatic plant
species
commercial market
*)CORRESPONDENCE
email: mfitri_isman@yahoo.com
/ media.nugraha@kkp.go.id
INTRODUCTION
Borneo, in which the Kalimantan portion of
Indonesia lied, is one of the equatorial islands in
the globe with the richest aroid flora, supporting
many floral genera and species in the world.
Taxonomy outline for this aquatic aroid plant as
below
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
: Plantae
: Tracheophyta
: Liliopsida
: Alismatales
: Araceae
: Bucephalandra Schoot
(http://gbif.org/species/2869473)
Aroid is occupied by 31 species, one of
them is Bucephalandra motleyana Schott 1858
(Schott 1858; Bogner and Hay 2000).
Bucephalandra motleyana is the first species
described for Bucephalandra genus in 1858 by
Schott, who found it among James Motley’s
collection from Borneo. After its first description
CORE
Available online at : http://jbioua.fmipa.unand.ac.id
provided by Jurnal Biologi UNAND
160 years ago, many species of Bucephalandra
are currently traded branded with its commercial
name, Rheophyte. Rheophytic plants are
characterized by good adaptability, perennial,
fibrous roots, and rough leaves with streamlined
general appearance. Bucephalandra motleyana is
found to grow in river banks, on rocks in rivers
and jungle streams, as well as in the floodplains
(Boyce 1995; Boyce et al. 1995).
Purportedly, Bucephalandra motleyana
was originated from Banjarmasin, South
Kalimantan, Indonesia. It was introduced for the
first time by James Motley in 1854 and included
in his plant collections. Motley was a ruler of the
coal mine within the cycle of Julia J. Hermina,
whose hobby collecting wild plants. Motley
repeatedly shipped plant specimens from
Labuan, including Bucephalandra, to Europe.
The Motleys, himself and four spouses, were
killed in early May 1859 during a local uprising
that triggered the war in Banjarmasin. Therefore,
in
reminiscence
of
James
Motley,
Bucephalandra motleyana was named after the
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.8.1.1-8.2020
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Vernacular names may also occur in responding
to morphological variations appeared in the new
plant breeds. While morphological variations are
induced through ecological factors mentioned
above.
first collector of this aquatic plant that endemic
to South Kalimantan (Boyce 1995). In 1984, the
second species was identified by Bogner, named
as Bucephlandra gigantea (Bogner, 1984). It is
endemic to Kiau river in Central Kalimantan and
identification used materials taken from the F. H.
Endert’s collection, which made in 1925.
This study aimed to inventory
Bucephalandra species traded in a freshwater
ornamental plant markets, with emphasis on
Bucephalandra motleyana. The study on genetic
diversity is important baseline for further
breeding and quality improvement programs to
these ornamental aquatic plants. The hitherto
study on Bucephalandra diversity was only the
one carried out by Peter Boyce, a specialist on
Araceae family on 1995. With more reliable
information regarding genetic variation of
Bucephalandra obtained, the development of
germplasm for Bucephalandra and its
conservation are achievable.
The
margin
of
Bucephalandra
motleyana leaves are morphologically vary from
the influence of several factors, such as plant age,
the growth substrates (e.g. ground soil, on rock,
or in fresh water) and light intensity. Leaf form
ranges from slender to rather broad with smooth
to strongly undulate margin. Leaf margin
morphologically varies from lean to slightly wide
with leaf fringes smooth to very bumpy, and great
variation in height (Boyce, 1995). The systemic
identification key for its floral morphology is
arranged as follow; 1) morphology of the
appendix staminodes, particularly with the
presence and nature of any surface
ornamentation; 2) morphology of flower’s
staminode, notably the plan and threedimensional shape of the filament; 3) insertion,
orientation, and shape of thecae, including any of
its superficial ornamentation; 4) orientation,
posture, shape, and relative length (related to
thecae and filament) of thecae horns; 5)
morphology of the shield-shaped staminodes,
notably overall (plan) shape, and topology of
ventral surface; 6) shape and colour of pistils; 7)
shape of sub-pistillar staminodes (Bogner and
Hay 2000; Boyce and Yeng 2012).
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Bucephalandra specimens were freshly collected
from 5 ornamental aquatic plant markets and
other sellers within the proximity of Jakarta City,
Indonesia. Specimens were then identified in the
Herbarium Bogoriense, the Botany Division
Research Center for Biology, Indonesian
Institute of Science or LIPI. Species
identifications were based on reference
specimens stored in herbarium and further
validated through literature studies for each
species.
Morphological
description
and
terminology are in accordance with related
literatures (Boyce, 1995; Bogner and Hay 2000).
Being ornamental element in the
aquariums, Bucephalandra plants can be grown
within small pot of moist sand and with frequent
watering
to
accelerate
adaptation.
Bucephalandra plants can also live on watery and
humid soil such as rice fields, as long as its roots
remain moist and wet (Boyce 1995). With
possible
greater
genetic
diversity
of
Bucephalandra unexplored, it stores potential
use for the wealth of natural biodiversity as well
as for the economic prosperity and fulfilment of
human needs. Unfortunately, it can only be
achieved with proper understanding on species
identity or the type of biota. As massive
Bucephalandra species traded in current global
markets, it is necessary to study its diversity
through exploration on species offered,
continued
with
its
identification
and
characterization. Bucephalandra plants are
traded with various vernacular names, partially as
gimmick to lure the hobbyists to collect them.
NUGRAHA ET AL.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
As many as 195 Bucephalandra specimens
sampled and identified from Jakarta and its
surrounding areas with 110 specimens confirmed
as Bucephalandra motleyana. The identification
aspects of Bucephalandra motleyana, are pooled
in Table 1 below.
Verification
on
species
names,
especially those widely traded is deemed crucial
to establish species identity. In trading practice, a
plant is often sold under many different names to
yield massive sales opportunity in addition to add
value on it. Currently, ornamental aquatic plants
are named following the ongoing dynamics in the
global markets for aquatic animals. Such
dynamics present real-time competition,
2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.8.1.1-8.2020
Research Article
NUGRAHA ET AL. / JURNAL BIOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS - VOL. 8 NO. 1 (2020) 1-8
NUGRAHA ET AL. / JURNAL BIOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS - VOL. 8 NO. 1 (2020) 1-8
Research Article
challenges and even opportunities for domestic
and international marketers. Hence, the
customers are targeted from all levels, by
following their desire on certain products or
brands, including in this ornamental aquatic plant
products (Klein et al. 1998).
S.Y. Wong, B. sordidula S.Y. Wong & P. C.
Boyce, B. spathulifolia Engl. ex S.Y. Wong & P.
C. Boyce, B. tetana S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce,
B. ultramafica S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B.
vespula S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. yengiae
S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. danumensis S.Y.
Wong & P. C. Boyce (Yeng and Boyce. 2014 a;
2014 b; https:// gbif.org/species/2869473).
Consumers behaviour that driven by the
product branding, satisfaction upon purchased
products, the popularity of labelled products or
merely seek exclusivity in their purchased
products can also be seen happened in aquatic
ornamental plant markets (Mitchell, 1992). It
should be noted that some consumers also
purchase goods for levelling their "prestige."
Given this case, the relationship between price
and objective quality no longer matters (Yin et
al., 2014). Consumers who interested in buying
these ornamental aquatic plant products have
steadily increased due to the constant variations
propagated and offered in the markets. While for
marketing purpose this variation serves well, yet
in the field of biology or botany tend to create
confusion or errors in identifying species. It is
palpated that hidden reason to create various
trading names for a marketed organism is to raise
consumer interest to it. Yet, it obscures the actual
abundance of that organism, due to its superficial
variations. Hence, it demands constant use of
scientific name for a traded organism in the
markets, not only to alleviate above problem but
also to appreciate the taxonomist(s) who have
described it.
All species above was identified by
Araceae-specific botanists, by following
taxonomy and nomenclature. Scientific names
are correlated with the nomenclature system and
preferably in use to address Bucephalandra
plants traded. Hence, confusion or doubt about
species identity can be lessened.
CONCLUSION
There were 110 specimens Bucephalandra
motleyana out of 195 total Bucephalandra
specimen collected from the markets. The
variability of B. motleyana morphology observed
from the array of collected specimens should not
diminish the important of using its scientific
name in the markets. It is necessary to ease
species identification and at the same time
perceived as respectful gesture to the scientists
who discovered those species.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Overall
recognized
species
of
Bucephalandra since B. motleyana firstly
described by Peter Boyce in 1995 detailed as
follow; B. akantha S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B.
aurantiitheca S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B.
belindae S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. bogneri
S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. catherineae P. C.
Boyce, Bogner & Mayo, B. chimaera S.Y. Wong
& P. C. Boyce, B. chrysokoupa S.Y. Wong & P.
C. Boyce, B. diabolica S.Y. Wong & P. C.
Boyce, B. elliptica S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B.
filiformis S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. forcipula
S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. gigantea Bogner,
B. goliath S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. kerangas
S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. kishii S.Y. Wong
& P. C. Boyce, B. magnifolia H. Okada & Y.
Mori, B. micrantha S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B.
minotaur S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B.
motleyana Schott, B. muluensis (M. Hotta) S.Y.
Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. oblanceolata (M. Hotta)
S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. oncophora S.Y.
Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. pubes S.Y. Wong & P.
C. Boyce, B. pygmaea (Becc.) P. C. Boyce &
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.8.1.1-8.2020
This study was funded by Ministry Marine and
Fisheries Republic Indonesia - Indonesian
Research Centre for ornamental fish (APBNBRBIH) through incentive funds to Media Fitri
Isma Nugraha, under contract number
636/BRSDM-BRBIH/HK.060/III/2018 (9 March
2018). We are very thankful to Idil Ardi, the
head of Indonesian Research Institute for
Ornamental Fish Culture - Ministry Marine and
Fisheries Republic Indonesia, for supporting this
study, to Mastur who is the leader of Indonesian
Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and
Genetic Resources Research and Development.
The gratitude also goes to Botany Laboratory of
Indonesian Institute of Science-Research Center
for providing research facilities.
This publication has been officially
number (2020-02) by the Indonesian Research
Institute for Ornamental Fish Culture – Ministry
Marine and Fisheries Republic Indonesia.
3
NUGRAHA ET AL.
NUGRAHA ET AL. / JURNAL BIOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS - VOL. 8 NO. 1 (2020) 1-8
Table 1. Tabulation of morphological features of Bucephalandra motleyana sampled in ornamental aquatic plant markets.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
COMMERCIAL
NAME
Red Scorpio
Peacok
Browni purple
Purple lis adori
Royce
Bronze red
Hades
Velvet tree color
Hiperion
Kribbas
Arogan blue
Kedaung round
Gozila
Narcicus melawi
Melawi blue
Browni iris
Titan I
Black fanti
Browni grande
Browni Brown
Browni red
Browni blue
Thea brown
Red ren
Kayu manis brown
Ketrin green
Browni ghost
Metalic wep
Sokan
Rainbow cross
Fixy red
Cherry
Marbel O2
KIR kompari
Narcicus
Pitik koprol
Thea 9
Thea 1
Poenic flamingo
Ulisise
NUGRAHA ET AL.
APEX
FOLII
obtutus
obtutus
acuminatus
obtutus
obtutus
acuminatus
acuminatus
obtutus
acuminatus
obtutus
obtutus
acuminatus
acuminatus
obtutus
acuminatus
acuminatus
obtutus
acutus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
obtutus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
MARGO
FOLII
(repandus)
(integer)
(repandus)
(integer)
(integer)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(integer)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(integer)
(integer)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(integer)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(integer)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(integer)
(integer)
(integer)
(integer)
(integer)
(integer)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(integer)
(integer)
COLOR LEAF
OLD YOUNG
8159
4619
4609
4608
4419
4407
4219
4409
8159
8089
8179
1209
4819
4918
4609
1112
4619
4616
4619
4616
4609
4608
8159
4409
5706
4619
8159
4409
5808
4708
4619
5905
4619
4929
4219
8156
4219
1119
1116
4219
4609
1116
4618
1116
8159
4817
4619
1208
4719
1419
4609
4707
8159
1319
8179
1417
4619
4006
5007
8163
4929
4509
4609
5717
4419
1114
4719
8119
8169
8169
4419
1318
4609
1319
4309
4705
4509
1119
4509
1319
LEAF SIZE
LEAF
LEAF
SHORT
LEAF
LONG WIDE SURFACE HOLDER
4
1
laefis
Roset
Acutus
2,5
0,6
laefis
Roset
Acutus
2,7
1,1
laefis
Roset
Acutus
3,5
1
laefis
Roset
Acutus
3,2
1
laefis
Roset
Acutus
3,5
1,2
laefis
Roset
Acutus
3
1,4
laefis
Roset
Obtutus
3
1
laefis
Roset
Acuminatus
1,5
0,5
laefis
Roset
Acutus
2,2
0,7
laefis
Roset
Acuminatus
1,5
0,7
laefis
Roset
acutus
1,8
0,7
laefis
Roset
acutus
4
1,4
laefis
Roset
acutus
4
1
laefis
Roset
acutus
2,5
1
laefis
Roset
acutus
3
1,4
laefis
Roset
acutus
2,2
1
laefis
Roset
acutus
4
1,2
laefis
Roset
acutus
4,5
2,7
laefis
Roset
obtutus
4,5
1,5
laefis
Roset
acutus
2,7
0,8
laefis
Roset
acutus
3,2
1,2
laefis
Roset
acutus
3
1,5
laefis
Roset
obtutus
2
1
laefis
Roset
obtutus
2,7
1
laefis
Roset
obtutus
2
0,8
laefis
Roset
acutus
3,1
1,2
laefis
Roset
acutus
2
0,9
laefis
Roset
acutus
2
1
laefis
Roset
obtutus
3
1
laefis
Roset
acutus
2,4
1,1
laefis
Roset
acutus
2,5
1,1
laefis
Roset
obtutus
2,2
0,8
laefis
Roset
acutus
2
0,9
laefis
Roset
obtutus
3
1
laefis
Roset
acutus
4,7
2,6
laefis
Roset
acutus
2,5
1,6
laefis
Roset
obtutus
4
2
laefis
Roset
acutus
4,2
1,4
laefis
Roset
acutus
5
1,7
laefis
Roset
acutus
4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.8.1.1-8.2020
LEAF
SHAPE
Lanceolate
Lanceolate
Oblong
Lanceolate
Obovate
Lanceolate
Oblong
Oblong
Oblong
Oblong
Elliptical
Obovate
Elliptical
Oblong
Oblong
Obovate
Oblong
Lanceolate
Obovate
Elliptical
Oblong
Oblong
Obovate
Obovate
Oblong
Oblong
Obovate
Oblong
Obovate
Oblong
Obovate
Obovate
Obovate
Obovate
Lanceolate
Obovate
Obovate
Obovate
Lanceolate
Lanceolate
MIDRIB
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Research Article
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42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
85
76
77
78
79
80
81
COMMERCIAL
NAME
Tik brown
Sangaria
Sintang
Thea 4
Black karpet
Palem tree
Censau
Red paint
Pink biblis
Biblis blue sky
Red biblis
Red type
Montelena brown red
silver
Sweet angel
Undulata
Nangga taman
Cherys 4
Black leaf
Black rizart
Dark velvet
Thea black
Phoebi
Helias
Wiset black green
Red shoot 2
Red shoot
Litle danger
Browni march
Kedagang old version
Entikong
Thea 6
Vina
Sakadau
Nanga pino Ulises
Green sokan
Dang sokan
Lamandau green
Liliana blava
Liliana green
Sp rujak
Browni selena
APEX
FOLII
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
obtutus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acutus
acuminatus
obtutus
acuminatus
acuminatus
obtutus
MARGO
FOLII
(integer)
(integer)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(integer)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
COLOR LEAF
OLD YOUNG
4509
1319
8159
1509
4608
4608
4609
4807
4619
4616
4418
4418
4509
1319
4509
4509
4619
4706
4419
4717
4619
1319
8159
917
4709
1319
LEAF SIZE
LEAF
LEAF
SHORT
LEAF
LONG WIDE SURFACE HOLDER
4,2
2
laefis
Roset
acutus
4,3
1,3
laefis
Roset
acutus
4,6
1,6
laefis
Roset
acutus
4
1,9
laefis
Roset
acutus
2,2
1,5
laefis
Roset
acutus
4,6
0,8
laefis
Roset
acutus
4,5
1
laefis
Roset
obtutus
4
1
laefis
Roset
acutus
2,5
0,5
laefis
Roset
acuminatus
2,1
0,6
laefis
Roset
acutus
2,8
1
laefis
Roset
acutus
1,5
0,6
laefis
Roset
acutus
3,2
1,1
laefis
Roset
acutus
LEAF
SHAPE
Obovate
Obovate
Oblong
Obovate
Lanceolate
Lanceolate
Oblong
Oblong
Oblong
Oblong
Oblong
Oblong
Lanceolate
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
obtutus
obtutus
acutus
obtutus
acuminatus
obtutus
acuminatus
acuminatus
obtutus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
obtutus
obtutus
acutus
obtutus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
obtutus
obtutus
obtutus
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(integer)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(integer)
(integer)
(integer)
(integer)
(integer)
(integer)
(integer)
4409
4619
4309
4309
8159
4509
1118
1713
5109
1119
4509
8159
4717
1109
4718
5917
4419
4419
8179
4717
5908
4508
4509
8169
5009
8169
5906
8179
3
4,2
3,5
2,5
3
3,2
2,3
2,6
2,2
3
2
2,6
2,6
4,7
2
2,6
4,8
4,6
3,5
5,5
5,5
2,8
3
2,5
4,3
3,2
2
3
Obovate
Oblong
Oblong
Obovate
Oblong
Oblong
Oblong
Obovate
Obovate
Oblong
Oblong
Oblong
Obovate
Obovate
Obovate
Oblong
Obovate
Lanceolate
Obovate
Lanceolate
Lanceolate
Obovate
Obovate
Obovate
Obovate
Obovate
Obovate
Obovate
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.8.1.1-8.2020
4707
1319
4605
4617
1119
1319
1113
1708
1318
1319
1118
1119
1119
1114
1118
1118
1119
1118
4507
4706
4708
4508
4507
4908
1117
1119
1119
4716
5
1,2
1,4
1
1,1
1
1,1
1
1,4
1
1
0,8
1
1,2
1,6
1
1
2,5
1,8
1,8
2,1
2
1,5
1,4
1,1
2
1,3
1
1,5
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
laefis
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
Roset
NUGRAHA ET AL.
obtutus
acutus
acutus
acutus
acutus
obtutus
acutus
obtutus
acutus
acutus
acutus
acutus
acutus
acutus
obtutus
acutus
obtutus
acutus
acutus
acutus
acutus
obtutus
obtutus
acutus
acutus
acutus
acutus
obtutus
MIDRIB
NUGRAHA ET AL. / JURNAL BIOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS - VOL. 8 NO. 1 (2020) 1-8
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
110
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
COMMERCIAL
NAME
Neo alamanda
Black marbel
Melawi green
Red cherry bens
Super blue
Black rose
Blue & green
Kapuas hulu
Nekan
Blue bell
Batang lamande
Enty red
Ara
Thea 10
Brown helena
Black gaya
centipent red blue
Montelena blue emerald
Kedagang mini
Ceinza 32 B
Litle red star
Titan 2
No name (A)
No name (B)
No name (C)
No name (D)
No name (E)
No name (F)
No name (G)
APEX
FOLII
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acutus
acuminatus
obtutus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
obtutus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acuminatus
acutus
acutus
obtutus
Acumitus
Acumitus
Acumitus
Acutus
Acuminatus
Acutus
Acumitus
MARGO
FOLII
(repandus)
(integer)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(integer)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
(repandus)
integer
integer
Repandus
Repandus
Repandus
Repandus
Integer
COLOR LEAF
OLD YOUNG
8159
1109
8169
1117
4618
5008
4619
1409
4609
4718
8159
1117
4719
1118
8179
4707
4509
5107
4707
4927
4409
1114
8159
1116
8159
1116
5809
4706
8159
4706
8159
4718
8179
1409
8179
4715
4509
4507
8159
8156
8158
4706
4619
4929
4619
8159
5906
1119
4609
1114
4219
4604
8159
1119
8159
4706
4509
1118
LEAF SIZE
LEAF
LEAF
SHORT
LEAF
LONG WIDE SURFACE HOLDER
3
1
laefis
Roset
acutus
2,6
1,1
laefis
Roset
acutus
3,5
1,2
laefis
Roset
acutus
3,5
1,5
laefis
Roset
acutus
4
1,8
laefis
Roset
acutus
2,7
1,2
laefis
Roset
acutus
2,1
1
laefis
Roset
acutus
3
1
laefis
Roset
acutus
3,3
1
laefis
Roset
acutus
2,4
1,1
laefis
Roset
obtutus
1,8
1
laefis
Roset
acutus
2,2
0,8
laefis
Roset
acutus
2,6
1
laefis
Roset
acutus
3,5
1,3
laefis
Roset
acutus
3,5
1,2
laefis
Roset
acutus
5,7
1,5
laefis
Roset
acutus
4
1,5
laefis
Roset
acutus
4
1,3
laefis
Roset
acutus
2
0,8
laefis
Roset
acutus
3
1
laefis
Roset
acutus
2
0,6
laefis
Roset
acutus
2,2
1
laefis
Roset
acutus
6
2.5
5leafis
Roset
Acutus
4,9
2
leafis
Roset
Acutus
2
0,8
leafis
Roset
Acutus
5,8
1,4
leafis
Roset
Acutus
3,3
1
Leafis
Roset
Obtutus
3,5
1,5
Leafis
Roset
Acutus
2,9
1
Leafis
Roset
Acutus
Note: • Morphological characters were based on description in Tjitrosoepomo (2013).
• Color identification for leaf is guided with the Modified Toka Color Finder Edition 1999.
NUGRAHA ET AL.
6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.8.1.1-8.2020
LEAF
SHAPE
Oblong
Obovate
Oblong
Obovate
Lanceolate
Lanceolate
Obovate
Lanceolate
Oblong
Oblong
Lanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obovate
Lanceolate
Lanceolate
Oblong
Lanceolate
Oblong
Lanceolate
Oblong
Oblong
Oblong
Oblong
Oblong
Oblong
Obovate
Oblong
Oblong
MIDRIB
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Penninervis
Research Article
No
NUGRAHA ET AL. / JURNAL BIOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS - VOL. 8 NO. 1 (2020) 1-8
Bucephalandra. Willdenowia 44 (2):
149–
199.
doi:10.3372/wi.44.44201. ISSN 0511-9618
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Research Article
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of
interest in this study.
Yeng W. S., and P. Boyce. 2014. Studies on
Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo
XXXXI: Additional new species of
Bucephalandra. Willdenowia 44 (3):
415421. doi:10.3372/wi.44.44312 ISSN 05119618
REFERENCES
Bogner, J., and A. Hay. 2000. Schismatoglottideae
(Araceae) in Malesia II - Aridarum,
Bucephalandra, Phymatarum and Piptospatha.
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Yin J, Y. Gao., and H. Xu. 2014. Survey and analysis
of consumers' behaviour of waste mobile
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Production 65(15): 517-525.
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Boyce,
P.
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272.
Bucephalandra
motleyana. Curtis's
Botanical
Magazine, 12(3): 131-134. Retrieved March
25,
2020,
from
www.jstor.org/stable/45065107
Boyce, P., J. Bogner., and S. Mayo.
1995.
Bucephalandra catherineae a new species
from Kalimantan.
Curtis’s Botanical
Magazine. 12(3): 150-153.
Boyce, P., and W.S. Yeng. 2012. Studies on
Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo XX:
Beccari's «La Più piccola delle Aracee»
(Microcasia pygmaea) recollected and
transferred to Bucephalandra Schott. Webbia
67(2): 139 -146.
doi: 10.1080/00837792.2012.10670913
https:// gbif.org/species/2869473. Acces 20-02-2020
Klein, J., R. Ettenson., and M.D. Morris. 1998. The
Animosity Model of Foreign Product
Purchase: An Empirical Test in the People's
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doi:10.2307/1251805
Mitchell, V.W. 1992. Understanding Consumers’
Behaviour: Can Perceived Risk Theory
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https://doi.org/10.1108/0025174921001305
0
PT. CEMANI TOKA. TC COLOR FILE edition
1999. Jl. Landbaw Km 2.5 desa Sanja
Citeureup Bogor 16810 Indonesia.
Tjitrosoepomo, B. 2013. Morfologi Tumbuhan.
Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.
268pp.
Yeng, W. S., and P. Boyce. 2014. Studies on
Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo
XXX - New species and combinations for
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.8.1.1-8.2020
7
NUGRAHA ET AL.
NUGRAHA ET AL. / JURNAL BIOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS - VOL. 8 NO. 1 (2020) 1-8
Research Article
Appendix 1. Figure of variation morphology of Bucephalandra motleyana (Schott, 1858) in the ornamental
aquatic plant market.
NUGRAHA ET AL.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.8.1.1-8.2020