View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk ISSN: 2655-9587 (online) | ISSN: 2303-2162 (print) brought to you by Research Article JURNAL BIOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS Vol. 8 No. 1 (2020) 1-8 Tracking the morphological diversity of Bucephalandra motleyana Schott (1858 (Araceae) using its commercial name in the proximities of Jakarta, Indonesia Media Fitri Isma Nugraha1) *), Ina Erlinawati2), Deni Sahroni2), Wening Enggarini3), Rossa Yunita3), and Muhammad Yamin1) 1) 2) 3) Indonesian Research Centre for Ornamental Fish Culture - Ministry Marine and Fisheries Republic Indonesia. Jl. Perikanan No. 13 Pancoran Mas Depok 16436 Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) - Research Center for Biology - Botani Division. Cibinong Science Center, Jl Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46 Cibinong 16911 Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD) Jl. Tentara Pelajar No. 3A Bogor 16114 SUBMISSION TRACK ABSTRACT Submitted : 2020-01-08 Revised : 2020-02-18 Accepted : 2020-02-04 Published : 2020-04-10 Bucephalandra Schott, Gen. Aroid. (1858) is a genus within Araceae family and assigned to some aquatic plants endemic to Borneo Island, currently representing 31 species. Bucephalandra species are known as ornamental aquatic plants and common for aquascaping. These aquatic plants are highly valued, approximately € 300 in European ornamental aquatic markets and Rp 50,000–700,000 in local markets. We collected 195 specimens of Bucephalandra. from 5 ornamental aquatic plant markets in the proximity of Jakarta City, Indonesia. This study is based on repeated confusion with overwhelmed vernacular names assigned for Bucephalandra in the markets. Therefore, the aims of this study are to collect and to identify of Bucephalandra offered in the aquatic plant markets with emphasis on Bucephalandra motleyana Schott 1858. Specimen identification are mostly based on reference specimens stored in the Herbarium Bogoriense Botany Division – Research Centre for Biology – Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Cibinong. As result, this study collected 110 specimens belonged to Bucephalandra motleyana Schott 1858 and 85 specimens identified as other species within this genus. KEYWORDS Bucephalandra Motleyana (Schott 1858) ornamental aquatic plant species commercial market *)CORRESPONDENCE email: mfitri_isman@yahoo.com / media.nugraha@kkp.go.id INTRODUCTION Borneo, in which the Kalimantan portion of Indonesia lied, is one of the equatorial islands in the globe with the richest aroid flora, supporting many floral genera and species in the world. Taxonomy outline for this aquatic aroid plant as below Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus : Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Alismatales : Araceae : Bucephalandra Schoot (http://gbif.org/species/2869473) Aroid is occupied by 31 species, one of them is Bucephalandra motleyana Schott 1858 (Schott 1858; Bogner and Hay 2000). Bucephalandra motleyana is the first species described for Bucephalandra genus in 1858 by Schott, who found it among James Motley’s collection from Borneo. After its first description CORE Available online at : http://jbioua.fmipa.unand.ac.id provided by Jurnal Biologi UNAND 160 years ago, many species of Bucephalandra are currently traded branded with its commercial name, Rheophyte. Rheophytic plants are characterized by good adaptability, perennial, fibrous roots, and rough leaves with streamlined general appearance. Bucephalandra motleyana is found to grow in river banks, on rocks in rivers and jungle streams, as well as in the floodplains (Boyce 1995; Boyce et al. 1995). Purportedly, Bucephalandra motleyana was originated from Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It was introduced for the first time by James Motley in 1854 and included in his plant collections. Motley was a ruler of the coal mine within the cycle of Julia J. Hermina, whose hobby collecting wild plants. Motley repeatedly shipped plant specimens from Labuan, including Bucephalandra, to Europe. The Motleys, himself and four spouses, were killed in early May 1859 during a local uprising that triggered the war in Banjarmasin. Therefore, in reminiscence of James Motley, Bucephalandra motleyana was named after the DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.8.1.1-8.2020 This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Vernacular names may also occur in responding to morphological variations appeared in the new plant breeds. While morphological variations are induced through ecological factors mentioned above. first collector of this aquatic plant that endemic to South Kalimantan (Boyce 1995). In 1984, the second species was identified by Bogner, named as Bucephlandra gigantea (Bogner, 1984). It is endemic to Kiau river in Central Kalimantan and identification used materials taken from the F. H. Endert’s collection, which made in 1925. This study aimed to inventory Bucephalandra species traded in a freshwater ornamental plant markets, with emphasis on Bucephalandra motleyana. The study on genetic diversity is important baseline for further breeding and quality improvement programs to these ornamental aquatic plants. The hitherto study on Bucephalandra diversity was only the one carried out by Peter Boyce, a specialist on Araceae family on 1995. With more reliable information regarding genetic variation of Bucephalandra obtained, the development of germplasm for Bucephalandra and its conservation are achievable. The margin of Bucephalandra motleyana leaves are morphologically vary from the influence of several factors, such as plant age, the growth substrates (e.g. ground soil, on rock, or in fresh water) and light intensity. Leaf form ranges from slender to rather broad with smooth to strongly undulate margin. Leaf margin morphologically varies from lean to slightly wide with leaf fringes smooth to very bumpy, and great variation in height (Boyce, 1995). The systemic identification key for its floral morphology is arranged as follow; 1) morphology of the appendix staminodes, particularly with the presence and nature of any surface ornamentation; 2) morphology of flower’s staminode, notably the plan and threedimensional shape of the filament; 3) insertion, orientation, and shape of thecae, including any of its superficial ornamentation; 4) orientation, posture, shape, and relative length (related to thecae and filament) of thecae horns; 5) morphology of the shield-shaped staminodes, notably overall (plan) shape, and topology of ventral surface; 6) shape and colour of pistils; 7) shape of sub-pistillar staminodes (Bogner and Hay 2000; Boyce and Yeng 2012). RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Bucephalandra specimens were freshly collected from 5 ornamental aquatic plant markets and other sellers within the proximity of Jakarta City, Indonesia. Specimens were then identified in the Herbarium Bogoriense, the Botany Division Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Science or LIPI. Species identifications were based on reference specimens stored in herbarium and further validated through literature studies for each species. Morphological description and terminology are in accordance with related literatures (Boyce, 1995; Bogner and Hay 2000). Being ornamental element in the aquariums, Bucephalandra plants can be grown within small pot of moist sand and with frequent watering to accelerate adaptation. Bucephalandra plants can also live on watery and humid soil such as rice fields, as long as its roots remain moist and wet (Boyce 1995). With possible greater genetic diversity of Bucephalandra unexplored, it stores potential use for the wealth of natural biodiversity as well as for the economic prosperity and fulfilment of human needs. Unfortunately, it can only be achieved with proper understanding on species identity or the type of biota. As massive Bucephalandra species traded in current global markets, it is necessary to study its diversity through exploration on species offered, continued with its identification and characterization. Bucephalandra plants are traded with various vernacular names, partially as gimmick to lure the hobbyists to collect them. NUGRAHA ET AL. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION As many as 195 Bucephalandra specimens sampled and identified from Jakarta and its surrounding areas with 110 specimens confirmed as Bucephalandra motleyana. The identification aspects of Bucephalandra motleyana, are pooled in Table 1 below. Verification on species names, especially those widely traded is deemed crucial to establish species identity. In trading practice, a plant is often sold under many different names to yield massive sales opportunity in addition to add value on it. Currently, ornamental aquatic plants are named following the ongoing dynamics in the global markets for aquatic animals. Such dynamics present real-time competition, 2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.8.1.1-8.2020 Research Article NUGRAHA ET AL. / JURNAL BIOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS - VOL. 8 NO. 1 (2020) 1-8 NUGRAHA ET AL. / JURNAL BIOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS - VOL. 8 NO. 1 (2020) 1-8 Research Article challenges and even opportunities for domestic and international marketers. Hence, the customers are targeted from all levels, by following their desire on certain products or brands, including in this ornamental aquatic plant products (Klein et al. 1998). S.Y. Wong, B. sordidula S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. spathulifolia Engl. ex S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. tetana S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. ultramafica S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. vespula S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. yengiae S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. danumensis S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce (Yeng and Boyce. 2014 a; 2014 b; https:// gbif.org/species/2869473). Consumers behaviour that driven by the product branding, satisfaction upon purchased products, the popularity of labelled products or merely seek exclusivity in their purchased products can also be seen happened in aquatic ornamental plant markets (Mitchell, 1992). It should be noted that some consumers also purchase goods for levelling their "prestige." Given this case, the relationship between price and objective quality no longer matters (Yin et al., 2014). Consumers who interested in buying these ornamental aquatic plant products have steadily increased due to the constant variations propagated and offered in the markets. While for marketing purpose this variation serves well, yet in the field of biology or botany tend to create confusion or errors in identifying species. It is palpated that hidden reason to create various trading names for a marketed organism is to raise consumer interest to it. Yet, it obscures the actual abundance of that organism, due to its superficial variations. Hence, it demands constant use of scientific name for a traded organism in the markets, not only to alleviate above problem but also to appreciate the taxonomist(s) who have described it. All species above was identified by Araceae-specific botanists, by following taxonomy and nomenclature. Scientific names are correlated with the nomenclature system and preferably in use to address Bucephalandra plants traded. Hence, confusion or doubt about species identity can be lessened. CONCLUSION There were 110 specimens Bucephalandra motleyana out of 195 total Bucephalandra specimen collected from the markets. The variability of B. motleyana morphology observed from the array of collected specimens should not diminish the important of using its scientific name in the markets. It is necessary to ease species identification and at the same time perceived as respectful gesture to the scientists who discovered those species. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Overall recognized species of Bucephalandra since B. motleyana firstly described by Peter Boyce in 1995 detailed as follow; B. akantha S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. aurantiitheca S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. belindae S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. bogneri S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. catherineae P. C. Boyce, Bogner & Mayo, B. chimaera S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. chrysokoupa S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. diabolica S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. elliptica S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. filiformis S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. forcipula S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. gigantea Bogner, B. goliath S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. kerangas S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. kishii S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. magnifolia H. Okada & Y. Mori, B. micrantha S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. minotaur S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. motleyana Schott, B. muluensis (M. Hotta) S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. oblanceolata (M. Hotta) S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. oncophora S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. pubes S.Y. Wong & P. C. Boyce, B. pygmaea (Becc.) P. C. Boyce & DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.8.1.1-8.2020 This study was funded by Ministry Marine and Fisheries Republic Indonesia - Indonesian Research Centre for ornamental fish (APBNBRBIH) through incentive funds to Media Fitri Isma Nugraha, under contract number 636/BRSDM-BRBIH/HK.060/III/2018 (9 March 2018). We are very thankful to Idil Ardi, the head of Indonesian Research Institute for Ornamental Fish Culture - Ministry Marine and Fisheries Republic Indonesia, for supporting this study, to Mastur who is the leader of Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development. The gratitude also goes to Botany Laboratory of Indonesian Institute of Science-Research Center for providing research facilities. This publication has been officially number (2020-02) by the Indonesian Research Institute for Ornamental Fish Culture – Ministry Marine and Fisheries Republic Indonesia. 3 NUGRAHA ET AL. NUGRAHA ET AL. / JURNAL BIOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS - VOL. 8 NO. 1 (2020) 1-8 Table 1. Tabulation of morphological features of Bucephalandra motleyana sampled in ornamental aquatic plant markets. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 COMMERCIAL NAME Red Scorpio Peacok Browni purple Purple lis adori Royce Bronze red Hades Velvet tree color Hiperion Kribbas Arogan blue Kedaung round Gozila Narcicus melawi Melawi blue Browni iris Titan I Black fanti Browni grande Browni Brown Browni red Browni blue Thea brown Red ren Kayu manis brown Ketrin green Browni ghost Metalic wep Sokan Rainbow cross Fixy red Cherry Marbel O2 KIR kompari Narcicus Pitik koprol Thea 9 Thea 1 Poenic flamingo Ulisise NUGRAHA ET AL. APEX FOLII obtutus obtutus acuminatus obtutus obtutus acuminatus acuminatus obtutus acuminatus obtutus obtutus acuminatus acuminatus obtutus acuminatus acuminatus obtutus acutus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus obtutus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus MARGO FOLII (repandus) (integer) (repandus) (integer) (integer) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (integer) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (integer) (integer) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (integer) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (integer) (repandus) (repandus) (integer) (integer) (integer) (integer) (integer) (integer) (repandus) (repandus) (integer) (integer) COLOR LEAF OLD YOUNG 8159 4619 4609 4608 4419 4407 4219 4409 8159 8089 8179 1209 4819 4918 4609 1112 4619 4616 4619 4616 4609 4608 8159 4409 5706 4619 8159 4409 5808 4708 4619 5905 4619 4929 4219 8156 4219 1119 1116 4219 4609 1116 4618 1116 8159 4817 4619 1208 4719 1419 4609 4707 8159 1319 8179 1417 4619 4006 5007 8163 4929 4509 4609 5717 4419 1114 4719 8119 8169 8169 4419 1318 4609 1319 4309 4705 4509 1119 4509 1319 LEAF SIZE LEAF LEAF SHORT LEAF LONG WIDE SURFACE HOLDER 4 1 laefis Roset Acutus 2,5 0,6 laefis Roset Acutus 2,7 1,1 laefis Roset Acutus 3,5 1 laefis Roset Acutus 3,2 1 laefis Roset Acutus 3,5 1,2 laefis Roset Acutus 3 1,4 laefis Roset Obtutus 3 1 laefis Roset Acuminatus 1,5 0,5 laefis Roset Acutus 2,2 0,7 laefis Roset Acuminatus 1,5 0,7 laefis Roset acutus 1,8 0,7 laefis Roset acutus 4 1,4 laefis Roset acutus 4 1 laefis Roset acutus 2,5 1 laefis Roset acutus 3 1,4 laefis Roset acutus 2,2 1 laefis Roset acutus 4 1,2 laefis Roset acutus 4,5 2,7 laefis Roset obtutus 4,5 1,5 laefis Roset acutus 2,7 0,8 laefis Roset acutus 3,2 1,2 laefis Roset acutus 3 1,5 laefis Roset obtutus 2 1 laefis Roset obtutus 2,7 1 laefis Roset obtutus 2 0,8 laefis Roset acutus 3,1 1,2 laefis Roset acutus 2 0,9 laefis Roset acutus 2 1 laefis Roset obtutus 3 1 laefis Roset acutus 2,4 1,1 laefis Roset acutus 2,5 1,1 laefis Roset obtutus 2,2 0,8 laefis Roset acutus 2 0,9 laefis Roset obtutus 3 1 laefis Roset acutus 4,7 2,6 laefis Roset acutus 2,5 1,6 laefis Roset obtutus 4 2 laefis Roset acutus 4,2 1,4 laefis Roset acutus 5 1,7 laefis Roset acutus 4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.8.1.1-8.2020 LEAF SHAPE Lanceolate Lanceolate Oblong Lanceolate Obovate Lanceolate Oblong Oblong Oblong Oblong Elliptical Obovate Elliptical Oblong Oblong Obovate Oblong Lanceolate Obovate Elliptical Oblong Oblong Obovate Obovate Oblong Oblong Obovate Oblong Obovate Oblong Obovate Obovate Obovate Obovate Lanceolate Obovate Obovate Obovate Lanceolate Lanceolate MIDRIB Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Research Article No NUGRAHA ET AL. / JURNAL BIOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS - VOL. 8 NO. 1 (2020) 1-8 No Research Article 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 85 76 77 78 79 80 81 COMMERCIAL NAME Tik brown Sangaria Sintang Thea 4 Black karpet Palem tree Censau Red paint Pink biblis Biblis blue sky Red biblis Red type Montelena brown red silver Sweet angel Undulata Nangga taman Cherys 4 Black leaf Black rizart Dark velvet Thea black Phoebi Helias Wiset black green Red shoot 2 Red shoot Litle danger Browni march Kedagang old version Entikong Thea 6 Vina Sakadau Nanga pino Ulises Green sokan Dang sokan Lamandau green Liliana blava Liliana green Sp rujak Browni selena APEX FOLII acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus obtutus acuminatus acuminatus acutus acuminatus obtutus acuminatus acuminatus obtutus MARGO FOLII (integer) (integer) (repandus) (repandus) (integer) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) COLOR LEAF OLD YOUNG 4509 1319 8159 1509 4608 4608 4609 4807 4619 4616 4418 4418 4509 1319 4509 4509 4619 4706 4419 4717 4619 1319 8159 917 4709 1319 LEAF SIZE LEAF LEAF SHORT LEAF LONG WIDE SURFACE HOLDER 4,2 2 laefis Roset acutus 4,3 1,3 laefis Roset acutus 4,6 1,6 laefis Roset acutus 4 1,9 laefis Roset acutus 2,2 1,5 laefis Roset acutus 4,6 0,8 laefis Roset acutus 4,5 1 laefis Roset obtutus 4 1 laefis Roset acutus 2,5 0,5 laefis Roset acuminatus 2,1 0,6 laefis Roset acutus 2,8 1 laefis Roset acutus 1,5 0,6 laefis Roset acutus 3,2 1,1 laefis Roset acutus LEAF SHAPE Obovate Obovate Oblong Obovate Lanceolate Lanceolate Oblong Oblong Oblong Oblong Oblong Oblong Lanceolate Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis obtutus obtutus acutus obtutus acuminatus obtutus acuminatus acuminatus obtutus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus obtutus obtutus acutus obtutus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus obtutus obtutus obtutus (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (integer) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (integer) (integer) (integer) (integer) (integer) (integer) (integer) 4409 4619 4309 4309 8159 4509 1118 1713 5109 1119 4509 8159 4717 1109 4718 5917 4419 4419 8179 4717 5908 4508 4509 8169 5009 8169 5906 8179 3 4,2 3,5 2,5 3 3,2 2,3 2,6 2,2 3 2 2,6 2,6 4,7 2 2,6 4,8 4,6 3,5 5,5 5,5 2,8 3 2,5 4,3 3,2 2 3 Obovate Oblong Oblong Obovate Oblong Oblong Oblong Obovate Obovate Oblong Oblong Oblong Obovate Obovate Obovate Oblong Obovate Lanceolate Obovate Lanceolate Lanceolate Obovate Obovate Obovate Obovate Obovate Obovate Obovate Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.8.1.1-8.2020 4707 1319 4605 4617 1119 1319 1113 1708 1318 1319 1118 1119 1119 1114 1118 1118 1119 1118 4507 4706 4708 4508 4507 4908 1117 1119 1119 4716 5 1,2 1,4 1 1,1 1 1,1 1 1,4 1 1 0,8 1 1,2 1,6 1 1 2,5 1,8 1,8 2,1 2 1,5 1,4 1,1 2 1,3 1 1,5 laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis laefis Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset Roset NUGRAHA ET AL. obtutus acutus acutus acutus acutus obtutus acutus obtutus acutus acutus acutus acutus acutus acutus obtutus acutus obtutus acutus acutus acutus acutus obtutus obtutus acutus acutus acutus acutus obtutus MIDRIB NUGRAHA ET AL. / JURNAL BIOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS - VOL. 8 NO. 1 (2020) 1-8 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 110 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 COMMERCIAL NAME Neo alamanda Black marbel Melawi green Red cherry bens Super blue Black rose Blue & green Kapuas hulu Nekan Blue bell Batang lamande Enty red Ara Thea 10 Brown helena Black gaya centipent red blue Montelena blue emerald Kedagang mini Ceinza 32 B Litle red star Titan 2 No name (A) No name (B) No name (C) No name (D) No name (E) No name (F) No name (G) APEX FOLII acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acutus acuminatus obtutus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus obtutus acuminatus acuminatus acuminatus acutus acutus obtutus Acumitus Acumitus Acumitus Acutus Acuminatus Acutus Acumitus MARGO FOLII (repandus) (integer) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (integer) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) (repandus) integer integer Repandus Repandus Repandus Repandus Integer COLOR LEAF OLD YOUNG 8159 1109 8169 1117 4618 5008 4619 1409 4609 4718 8159 1117 4719 1118 8179 4707 4509 5107 4707 4927 4409 1114 8159 1116 8159 1116 5809 4706 8159 4706 8159 4718 8179 1409 8179 4715 4509 4507 8159 8156 8158 4706 4619 4929 4619 8159 5906 1119 4609 1114 4219 4604 8159 1119 8159 4706 4509 1118 LEAF SIZE LEAF LEAF SHORT LEAF LONG WIDE SURFACE HOLDER 3 1 laefis Roset acutus 2,6 1,1 laefis Roset acutus 3,5 1,2 laefis Roset acutus 3,5 1,5 laefis Roset acutus 4 1,8 laefis Roset acutus 2,7 1,2 laefis Roset acutus 2,1 1 laefis Roset acutus 3 1 laefis Roset acutus 3,3 1 laefis Roset acutus 2,4 1,1 laefis Roset obtutus 1,8 1 laefis Roset acutus 2,2 0,8 laefis Roset acutus 2,6 1 laefis Roset acutus 3,5 1,3 laefis Roset acutus 3,5 1,2 laefis Roset acutus 5,7 1,5 laefis Roset acutus 4 1,5 laefis Roset acutus 4 1,3 laefis Roset acutus 2 0,8 laefis Roset acutus 3 1 laefis Roset acutus 2 0,6 laefis Roset acutus 2,2 1 laefis Roset acutus 6 2.5 5leafis Roset Acutus 4,9 2 leafis Roset Acutus 2 0,8 leafis Roset Acutus 5,8 1,4 leafis Roset Acutus 3,3 1 Leafis Roset Obtutus 3,5 1,5 Leafis Roset Acutus 2,9 1 Leafis Roset Acutus Note: • Morphological characters were based on description in Tjitrosoepomo (2013). • Color identification for leaf is guided with the Modified Toka Color Finder Edition 1999. NUGRAHA ET AL. 6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.8.1.1-8.2020 LEAF SHAPE Oblong Obovate Oblong Obovate Lanceolate Lanceolate Obovate Lanceolate Oblong Oblong Lanceolate Oblong Obovate Obovate Lanceolate Lanceolate Oblong Lanceolate Oblong Lanceolate Oblong Oblong Oblong Oblong Oblong Oblong Obovate Oblong Oblong MIDRIB Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Penninervis Research Article No NUGRAHA ET AL. / JURNAL BIOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS - VOL. 8 NO. 1 (2020) 1-8 Bucephalandra. Willdenowia 44 (2): 149– 199. doi:10.3372/wi.44.44201. ISSN 0511-9618 CONFLICT OF INTEREST Research Article The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in this study. Yeng W. S., and P. Boyce. 2014. Studies on Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo XXXXI: Additional new species of Bucephalandra. Willdenowia 44 (3): 415421. doi:10.3372/wi.44.44312 ISSN 05119618 REFERENCES Bogner, J., and A. Hay. 2000. Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) in Malesia II - Aridarum, Bucephalandra, Phymatarum and Piptospatha. Telopea. 9 (1): 179-222. Yin J, Y. Gao., and H. Xu. 2014. Survey and analysis of consumers' behaviour of waste mobile phone recycling in China. Journal of Cleaner Production 65(15): 517-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.10.006 Boyce, P. 1995. 272. Bucephalandra motleyana. Curtis's Botanical Magazine, 12(3): 131-134. Retrieved March 25, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/45065107 Boyce, P., J. Bogner., and S. Mayo. 1995. Bucephalandra catherineae a new species from Kalimantan. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine. 12(3): 150-153. Boyce, P., and W.S. Yeng. 2012. 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Studies on Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo XXX - New species and combinations for DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.8.1.1-8.2020 7 NUGRAHA ET AL. NUGRAHA ET AL. / JURNAL BIOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS - VOL. 8 NO. 1 (2020) 1-8 Research Article Appendix 1. Figure of variation morphology of Bucephalandra motleyana (Schott, 1858) in the ornamental aquatic plant market. NUGRAHA ET AL. 8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.8.1.1-8.2020