Acta Oecologica Carpatica X.I
ROMANOGOBIO KESSLERII (DYBOWSKI, 1862)
FISH SPECIES POPULATIONS MANAGEMENT DECISIONS SUPPORT
SYSTEM IN ROSCI0227 ‒ SIGHIȘOARA-TÂRNAVA MARE (ROMANIA)
Doru BĂNĂDUC 1, Cristina-Ioana CISMAŞ 2 and Angela CURTEAN-BĂNĂDUC 3
KEYWORDS: Kessler᾽s gudgeon, habitats, pressures, threats, management, Natura 2000
site, Transylvania, Romania.
ABSTRACT
Based on the ADONIS:CE, a model of
Romanogobio kesslerii fish species that
includes all the needs for habitat: the
element that satisfy a favorable conservation
status – the sufficient measures, and the
pressures – and threats on species was
created.
The main threats to Romanogobio
kesslerii (Dybowski, 1862) populations in
ROSCI0227 are: the microhabitat silt
sedimentation; diffuse pollution; river-lining
field erosion; water regime change; invasive
fish
species;
poaching;
longitudinal
fragmentation; organic pollution; river
regularisation; and riverbed substrata
overexploitation.
The authors designed a management
specific scheme for Romanogobio kesslerii
populations in ROSCI0227.
REZUMAT: Sistem support pentru luarea deciziilor de management a populațiilor
speciei Romanogobio kesslerii (Dybowsky, 1862) in ROSCI0227 – Sighișoara-Târnava Mare
(România).
Utilizând ADONIS:CE a fost creat
sedimente; poluarea difuză; eroziunea
un model pentru specia Romanogobio
bazinală; modificarea regimului hidrologic;
kesslerii, care include toate necesitățile
speciile invazive de pești; braconajul;
pentru habitat, elementele care satisfac
fragmentarea
longitudinală;
poluarea
statutul de conservare favorabilă – măsurile
organică;
regularizarea
râului;
de suficiență, presiunile și amenințările
supraexploatarea substratului râului.
asupra speciei.
Autorii au creat o schemă
Principalele presiuni și amenințări
de management specific pentru populațiile
asupra populațiilor de Romanogobio
de
Romanogobio
kesslerii
în
kesslerii (Dybowski, 1862) în ROSCI0227
ROSCI0227.
sunt: colmatarea microhabitatelor cu
RESUMEN: Sistema de soporte para decisiones de manejo de las poblaciones del pez
Romanogobio kesslerii (Dybowski, 1862) en ROSCI0227 – Sighișoara-Târnava Mare.
Se generó un modelo para el
en ROSCI0227 son la sedimentación de
pez Romanogobio kesslerii basado en el
limos, contaminación difusa, erosión del
modelo ADONIS:CE, el cual incluye como
revestimiento de los ríos, cambios en los
datos
de
entrada
las
necesidades
regímenes de agua, especies invasoras,
fundamentales
de
hábitat,
aquellos
pesca ilegal, fragmentación longitudinal del
elementos que satisfacen un estado
paisaje,
contaminación
orgánica,
favorable para la conservación (medidas de
regularización fluvial y sobreexplotación del
manejo), así como también las presiones y
sustrato fluvial. En este trabajo, los autores
amenazas que enfrenta la especie. Las
proponen un diseño específico de manejo
principales amenazas para las poblaciones
para las poblaciones de Romanogobio
de Romanogobio kesslerii (Dybowski, 1862)
kesslerii en ROSCI0227.
Romanogobio kesslerii populations management system in ROSCI0227; 71/84 pp.
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Acta Oecol. Carpat. X.I
INTRODUCTION
The European Union associate
nations are obliged to guard from harm the
Habitats Directive (Annex 2) species, and
they should not allow the deterioration of
conservation status produced by human
activities (*, 1992).
The Natura 2000 sites of Romania,
containing those designed for the
conservation of some fish species, were
proposed for their ecological status
conservation. The approval of site
suggestions were based on the following
criteria: well conserved, permanent and
vigorous fish populations; characteristic
natural habitats; good geographical position;
and low human activities impact. There are a
few ways the Natura 2000 European
network can improve the EU countries’
nature quality: the expanding of the natural
areas; the building of institutional capacity;
application of proper and updated
management plans for the natural areas; and
raising awareness (Bănăduc, 2007a, 2010,
2011; Bănăduc et al., 2012; CurteanBănăduc and Bănăduc, 2008).
Romanogobio kesslerii (Dybowski,
1862) represents one of the fish species of
conservation interest. These species are
living in the middle sector of the relatively
big lotic system. They choose a speed of the
water of 45-70/90 cm/s, sandy riverbed and
relatively shallow water. These specimens
frequently form schools and have a breeding
cycle in June. They spawn in shallow river
water over sand or gravel substrata. The nolonger live vegetation debris looks to be a
beneficial factor for the breeding sectors
selection. The roes are laid down on the
riverbed and are attached to the substrate.
The edible material consist mainly of small
psamofilic organisms and diatoms. Adults,
as well as juveniles, are active during the
day. (Bănărescu, 1964; Bănărescu and
Bănăduc, 2007)
In the Romanian territory, the
spreading area of this species is much more
fragmented than it was half a century ago
(Bănărescu, 1964). Human effects being the
main cause - effects which are different
from one lotic sector to another, including
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.
some protected areas (Battes et al., 2005,
2009; Bănăduc, 2005, 2007a, b, 2008;
Bănăduc and Curtean-Bănăduc, 2013;
Bănăduc et al., 2013; Bănărescu, 1964;
Bănărescu and Bănăduc, 2007; Oţel, 2007;
Simalcsik et al., 2004; Telcean and
Bănărescu, 2002; Telcean and Cupșa, 2009a,
b; Meșter et al., 2003; Ureche, 2008).
The present structure of the fish
associations, which contain Romanogobio
kesslerii in ROSCI0227 (Natura 2000 site
Sighișoara-Târnava Mare), reveals less than
optimum individuals as an effect of
anthropogenic impact. The spreading ranges
of the fish communities and their relative
abundance variation in this Natura 2000
studied site reveal the relative effect of lotic
habitat quality status in the Târnava Mare
River watershed (Bănăduc, 1999, 2000,
2005; Curtean-Bănăduc et al., 2007;
Curtean-Bănăduc and Bănăduc, 2001,
2004a, b; Curtean et al., 1999).
Human activities have a great impact
on the worldwide tendency for rivers to
become a priceless treasure (CurteanBănăduc and Bănăduc, 2012).
If this tendency persists, no
general/superficial “cook book type”
management elements are going to be
sufficiently helpful in all protected areas,
due to the fact that various habitat attributes
should be assessed. As a consequence,
specific management elements should be
adapted and suggested for the local habitats’
specific characteristics and conditions.
Recently, the modeling methods of
processes are used more to acquire the so
called “big picture” of specific systems
and/or actions of whatsoever sphere. These
methods are used to facilitate the
interpretation
process
stages
for
adapted/updated
management.
The
instruments of modeling are fundamentally
products of software, products used to make
and/or assess models for business
organizations, and to expose information
about models. There are three basic
functions that are addressed: detail of an
actual situation, assessing the effects of
potential modifications, and documenting
D. Bănăduc, C.-I. Cismaș and A. Curtean-Bănăduc
Acta Oecologica Carpatica X.I
strategies to change the actual situation in a
divergent direction. As a last outcome, they
can make diverse charts which present the
necessary management issues (Hall and
Harmon, 2005).
The intentions of this study are to
highlight the state of the Romanogobio
kesslerii population in the ROSCI0227
Natura 2000 site, to reveal the actual human
impact pressures and threats, to suggest
management elements for the conservation
and rise of this species conservation status
based on a management model developed on
specific needs of this species and its specific
habitat indicators, and as a special designed
support system for management decisions.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The
ROSCI0227
(24°49’16”,
46°8’4”, 85,815 ha, between 315 and 829 m
altitude) is located in Braşov, Sibiu and
Mureş administrative units (county/județ), in
the Continental biogeographic region. The
inclusion of this area was proposed for the
protection of a number of four fish species,
belonging to the Annex 2 of the Habitats
Directive (92/43/EEC), (Gobio kessleri
Natura 2000 code 2511 (Romanogobio
kesslerii), Barbus meridionalis code 1138,
Sabanejewia aurata code 1146, and Gobio
uranoscpus code 1122). (*)
The lotic systems sectors of the
researched area where Gobio kessleri were
identified are shown in figure 1.
The fish specimens were sampled in
2012-2014 with active fishing nets, followed
by on - site identification, and then at once
released, in their natural habitats.
Romanogobio kesslerii populations
were monitored in the research period and
their ecological status was assessed in
connection to the human activities,
pressures, and threats found in the species’
habitats.
Figure 1: Gobio kesslerii individuals sampling stations: Scroafa River 321, 320, 318, 317,
Şapartoc Stream 314 and Târnava Mare River 253, 252, 250, 249, 228, 227, 226, 225, 224, 223,
221, 220, 219, 218, 217, 216, 215, 214, 184 (GIS support Mr. Pătrulescu A.).
Romanogobio kesslerii populations management system in ROSCI0227; 71/84 pp.
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Acta Oecol. Carpat. X.I
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Assessment
of
Romanogobio
kesslerii species populations’ state
Romanogobio kesslerii populations
ecological state in the Scroafa Stream in
the lotic sectors 321, 320, 318, and 317 (Fig.
1) was considered to be low in relation to
balanced distribution of the individuals on
age classes, population size, and a low
percentage of this fish species’ individuals
in the fish communities. The studied
habitats- where the individuals of the species
were sampled- are in a low ecological state.
The ecological state of Romanogobio
kesslerii populations in the Șapartoc
Stream 314 (Fig. 1) was considered to be
low in relation to balanced distribution of
the individuals on age classes, population
size, and a low percentage of this fish
species’ individuals in the fish communities.
The studied habitats- where the individuals
of the species were sampled- are in an
average/low ecological state.
Romanogobio kesslerii individuals
sampled in Târnava Mare River in 253,
252, 250, 249, 228, 227, 226, 225, 224, 223,
221, 220, 219, 218, 217, 216, 215, 214 and
184 sectors (Fig. 1) vary among very good
(in the sectors 253 and 250), good (in 252,
249 and 220), and low (in 228, 227, 226,
225, 224, 223, 222, 221, 219, 218, 217, 216,
214, and 184) in relation to balanced
distribution of the individuals in age classes,
population size, and a low percentage of this
fish species’ individuals in the fish
communities. The studied habitats- where
the individuals of the species were sampledare in a good, average and low ecological
state inducing the fish communities
condition.
Human pressures and threats
During the study in the Scroafa,
Șapartoc and Hârtibaciu lotic systems,
relatively numerous pressures and threats on
the studied fish species of conservation
interest populations were identified:
- microhabitat silt sedimentation
ratio much higher than the natural one due to
human-induced erosion in numerous areas
of the Târnava Mare catchment area as a
result of irrational agricultural practices,
- 74 -
.
erroneously performed riverbed modifying
works, river-adjacent humanized or seminatural areas surface lessivage by abundant
rainfalls, and a situation facilitated by the
general context of reduction of the riparian
vegetation;
- permanently diffuse pollution
sources with significant synergic effects;
- problems induced by the riverlining field erosion and accentuated silt
sedimentation in the riverbed, as a result of
inadequate agricultural practices as riparian
vegetation deterioration, is having a negative
impact on this species from the perspective
of the quantitative and qualitative reduction
of its food sources;
- the modified regime of the water
course liquid and solid discharges;
- favoring the occurrence of invasive
fish species (Pseudorasbora parva, Gobio
gobio, etc.) and/or more tolerant to changes
in the Gobio kessleri’s natural habitat, and
competing with the latter conservational
interest species;
- poaching;
- the longitudinal connectivity of the
Târnava Mare River, including for Gobio
kessleri, also suffers due to severe manmade impact in certain sectors (e.g. Copşa
Mică, Mediaş, etc.), consequently the
quality of all the species populations in the
river being impacted;
- as long as the habitats offering
good conditions for this species are
contracting due to various man-made
impacts, each of the sectors still offering
auspicious conditions to the species are
becoming vital for the survival of the
species, not only in the here-discussed basin;
- pollution, especially organic;
- there are numerous illegal waste
deposits producing lixiviates in the very
proximity of the water courses;
- river regularization and riverbed
substrata overexploitation, without calling
for alternative solutions of water basin
management is the most frequent and an
increasing threat, with a major negative
impact related to the changes of the
favourable habitats of the species.
D. Bănăduc, C.-I. Cismaș and A. Curtean-Bănăduc
Acta Oecologica Carpatica X.I
Specific requirements
Romanogobio kesslerii individuals
are present in the middle sector of relatively
big rivers. The mature individuals need lotic
areas with shallow water, with a mostly
sandy substrata and a speed flow of water of
45-70/90 cm/s. Frequently numerous, such
fish can be found aggregated in schools. The
breeding takes place in June, when the
mature individuals choose faster flowing
water sectors with gravel, sand and plant
debris on the river substrata. Before
becoming adults, these fish need relatively
slow water flowing sectors, low depth, and
sandy riverbed. The edible material is
mostly represented by small psamofilic
organisms and diatoms (Bănărescu and
Bănăduc, 2007).
Specific habitat indicators
In relation with the Romanogobio
kesslerii presence and relative abundance in
the research sectors, some habitat indicators
are suggested: zones in the minor riverbed
with water depth of under 0.5 m (66%);
percentage of sandy substrate (66%);
percentage of pebbles substrate (33%);
vegetal
debris
weight
on
the
substrate/channel (15%); weight of fast
flow-water surface (66%); and weight of
slow flow-water surface (33%).
Management measures
Building lentic areas is not
recommended if any human interventions/
hydrotechnical work which modifies the
liquid flow in such a way that the water
has more or less than 40-65 cm/sec., or
even more or less than 4-90 cm/sec., or
leads to a decrease in the number of
individuals of this species until extinction.
It is recommended to prohibit construction/
hydrotechnics that have an effect of
modifying the speed regime of the water in
these rivers. For example, construction of
bridges, culverts, etc. must be carried out at
multiannual maximum flow level, in order
to maintain the water flow regime.
A complex system of stairs for fish
that minimize the negative effect of lotic
discontinuities created by series of dams
and existing lakes must be constructed.
The overexploitation of mobile
aggregates from the riverbed to the bed
rock, respectively the removal of sand
substrate should not be allowed, since the
sand subtrate is an important characteristic
of the species habitat needed for
preservation. It is necessary to prohibit the
exploitation of aggregates in areas with
slow and average flow, shallow and sandy
bottom and in areas with less than 3 km
between exploitations such as Cibin, Olt,
Hârtibaciu and Târnava Mare rivers. In
Scroafa and Şapartoc rivers the aggregates
exploitation from the riverbed is not
recommended.
During the reproduction period
(June), the banning of fishing and
aggregates exploitation in riverbeds is
recommended.
In all river sectors of interest the
criminal phenomenon linked to poaching is
very intense and almost permanent, for this
reason it requires a better control.
The
preservation
of
natural
vegetation corridors (arboreal, shrub and
herbaceous) with a minimum width of 100
m on both banks of the river is
recommended.
It is necessary to prohibit the
abandonment of any kind of waste in the
riverbed and the wetlands surrounding
watercourses.
Seasonal integrated monitoring is
recommended; this should include the
monitoring elements of water charging with
organic substances.
Site adjusted management model
The processes for this site
management model were made using
modeling library objects ADONIS: CE (for
more details ‒ Hall and Harmon, 2005 ‒
Version 1.1, November, 2005 http://mhcnet.com/whitepapers_presentations/2005
Process Trends (040 306) .pdf), and
relies on the use of activities, decisions and
variables accompanied by generators.
Activities (blue rectangle) are used to
describe the characteristics of the species
Gobio
kessleri.
Decisions
(yellow
diamonds) occur when we want to check if
certain indicators measured in the field are
Romanogobio kesslerii populations management system in ROSCI0227; 71/84 pp.
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Acta Oecol. Carpat. X.I
.
in conditions for favorable conservation. For
decisions, variables and generators are
assigned that determine the probability that
fulfils these indicators. Subprocesses (blue
triangles)
are
used
to
facilitate
comprehension models (works exactly as a
process and can be called within models).
As it is showed in the model
hierarchy (Fig. 2), the main process is
“Gobio kessleri” and has two subprocesses:
“Gobio kessleri indicators” and “Specific
requirements”. “Gobio kessleri indicators”
has also three subprocesses that describe the
management measures that should be taken
into account to assure a favorable
conservation state.
For an easier understanding, as well
as the references between processes, the
figure below (Fig. 3a, b) shows the
subprocess called in the basic model.
Figure 2: Gobio kessleri – model hierarchy.
Figure 3a: Outgoing inter-model references (in main process “Gobio kessleri” and in subprocess
“Gobio kessleri indicators”).
Figure 3b: Outgoing inter-model references (in main process “Gobio kessleri” and in subprocess
“Gobio kessleri indicators”).
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D. Bănăduc, C.-I. Cismaș and A. Curtean-Bănăduc
Acta Oecologica Carpatica X.I
The main process is “Gobio kessleri”
(Fig. 4) and was modeled using two
subprocesses (Figs. 5 and 6): one decision
that checks if the conservation state is
favorable or not, and finishes with an
activity which implements an integrated
monitoring system.
After going through the activities of
the subprocess “Specific Requirements”, it
proceeds by checking the indicators in the
subprocess “Gobio kessleri indicators”. If
the conservation status is favorable, then
scroll to the last activity and the process is
concluded. If the conservation status is not
favorable, then it goes again through the two
subprocesses and it takes the management
measures until it ensures favourable
conservation status. This process finishes
with last activity, “Implemention of an
integrated monitoring system”.
Figure 4: Gobio kessleri – basic process model.
Figure 5: Subprocess “Specific requirements” – characteristic of Gobio kessleri species.
Romanogobio kesslerii populations management system in ROSCI0227; 71/84 pp.
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Acta Oecol. Carpat. X.I
The
subprocess
“Specific
requirements” is modeled using only
activities and presents the characteristic of
Gobio kessleri species: type of habitat,
specific
requirements
of
habitat,
observations made in the field, other
environmental demands, the reproduction
period, distribution in the protected area,
pressures on the species and the threats
found in Sighișoara – Târnava Mare area.
It then follows the subprocess
“Gobio kessleri indicators” that checks if
every possible indicator (areas in riverbed
with water depth less than 0.5 m, sandy
substrate weight, gravel substrate weight,
plant debris on the substrate weight/
channel, fast flowing water surface weigh,
slow flowing surface water weight) fulfill or
is not a favorable for conservation status. If
.
they fulfill favorable conservation status, it
then gets to the last activity, namely the one
that shows the danger of poaching, and the
process is closed. If the conservation status
is not favorable, depending on each indicator
‒ separately, they are called the
subprocesses with management measures to
be taken for the welfare of the species. (e.g.:
“The actual state for the sandy substrate
weight is 66%?”, if it goes on the “Yes”
branch
(“sandy_substrate
=
‘Yes’”,
probability = 99%) then it goes to the next
decision; if it goes on the “No” branch
(“sandy_substrate = ‘No’”, probability =
1%), then it follows the subprocess
Management measures for 2nd, 3rd and 4th
indicators). After the management measures
were taken, it then follows the last activity
and the process ends.
Figure 6: Subprocess “Indicators of Gobio kessleri”.
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D. Bănăduc, C.-I. Cismaș and A. Curtean-Bănăduc
Acta Oecologica Carpatica X.I
Subprocesses
“Management
measures for 1st and 6th indicators” (Fig. 7),
“Management measures for 2nd, 3rd and 4th
indicators” (Fig. 8), and “Management
measures for 5th indicator” (Fig. 9) are a
chain of activities with management
measures to be taken for each indicator
separately. Indicators 1 though 6 are taken
with the same measures of control (e.g.:
keeping
natural
morphodinamics
of
riverbed, exploiting mobile aggregates in
riverbed, fishing is banned during
reproduction period, and prohibit the
abandonment of waste). Second, third and
fourth indicators have the same management
measures and were carried out in one
subprocess “Management measures for 2nd,
3rd, and 4th indicators”. For 5th indicator,
management measures are modeled in the
subprocess “Management measures for 5th
indicator”.
Figure 7: Subprocess “Management measures for 1st and 6th indicators”.
Figure 8: Subprocess “Management measures for 2nd, 3rd and 4th indicators”.
Romanogobio kesslerii populations management system in ROSCI0227; 71/84 pp.
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Acta Oecol. Carpat. X.I
.
Figure 9: Subprocess “Management measures for 5th indicators”.
CONCLUSIONS
The present identified main pressures
and threats on the Romanogobio kesslerii
populations in the Natura 2000 site
ROSCI0227 – Sighișoara-Târnava Mare are:
microhabitat silt sedimentation; diffuse
pollution; river-lining field erosion; water
regime change; invasive fish species;
poaching;
longitudinal
fragmentation;
habitat bad conditions; organic pollution;
river regularization; and riverbed substrata
overexploitation.
The authors designed a management
specific scheme for Romanogobio kesslerii
fish
species
in
ROSCI0227.
The
ADONIS:CE instrument is used here in
biology/ecology domain, to design a model
of Romanogobio kesslerii fish species that
includes the requirements for habitat, the
indicators that assure a favorable
conservation status, the optimum measures,
and the existing pressures and threats.
For the time to come, this type of
management should be designed based on
systems for other fish species of
conservative interest of ROSCI0227
protected area.
Annual integrated monitoring is
necessary in the studied area, including
specialised fish monitoring.
AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
A part of the outcomes of this study was revealed in the EU Structural Operational
Programme Environment Pentru Natură şi Comunităţile locale – Bazele unui management
integrat Natura 2000 în zona Hârtibaciu-Târnava Mare-Olt” SMIS CSNR 17049 code.
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D. Bănăduc, C.-I. Cismaș and A. Curtean-Bănăduc
Acta Oecologica Carpatica X.I
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AUTHORS:
Doru BĂNĂDUC
ad.banaduc@yahoo.com
“Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu,
Faculty of Sciences,
Department of Environmental Sciences,
Dr. I. Rațiu Street 5-9,
Sibiu, Sibiu County, Romania,
RO-550012.
2
Ioana-Cristina CISMAŞ
cristha_83@yahoo.com
“Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu,
Faculty of Sciences,
Department of Environmental Sciences,
Dr. I. Rațiu Street 5-9,
Sibiu, Sibiu County, Romania,
RO-550012.
3
Angela CURTEAN-BĂNĂDUC
angela.banaduc@ulbsibiu.ro
“Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu,
Faculty of Sciences,
Applied Ecology Research Center,
Dr. I. Rațiu Street 5-9,
Sibiu, Sibiu County, Romania,
RO-550012.
1
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D. Bănăduc, C.-I. Cismaș and A. Curtean-Bănăduc