The freshwater fishes of Java, as observed
by Kuhl and van Hasselt in 1820-23
T.R. Roberts
Roberts, T.R. The freshwater fishes of Java, as observed by Kuhl and van Hasselt in 1820-23.
Zool. Verh. Leiden 285, 29.X.1993: 1-94, figs. 1-73, 1 table.— ISSN 0024-1652/ISBN 90-73239-17-6.
Key words: Natuurkundige Commissie voor Nederlandsch Indië; Histoire naturelle des Poissons;
G. Cuvier; A. Valenciennes; G. van Raalten; J. C. Werner; P. Bleeker; discovery of new taxa; archives;
illustrations; manuscripts; type specimens; Dermogenys pusilla.
A catalog of 79 species of freshwater fishes collected by Kuhl and van Hasselt in western Java in
1820-23 is presented, based on examination of publications, archival materials and specimens in Paris
and Leiden. Archival material includes copies of their original drawings (many watercoloured) and
handwritten descriptions in Latin and German or Dutch of nearly all of their new genera and species
in rough drafts and in near final or final version ready for publication. A number of the descriptions,
such as that of Dermogenys pusilla, include extensive anatomical and biological observations. Study of
the manuscripts, drawings, and specimens has resulted in numerous reidentifications and new
records, including a number of species not previously reported from Java and some species now perhaps extinct there, e.g. Chitala lopis and Macrochirichthys macrochir. Type material is identified for most
of the species of freshwater fishes based on Kuhl and van Hasselt material. Neotypes are designated
for the catfish Mystus nigriceps and anabantoid Trichopsis vittata. Systematic changes resulting from the
present study include placement of Tor douronensis, T. soro and T. tambroides as junior synonyms of T.
tambra, and Mystus micracanthus as junior synonym of M. nigriceps.
Tyson R. Roberts, c/o Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangken, Bangkok, Thailand
10903.
Contents
Historical introduction
Sources of information
Table 1. List of Kuhl and van Hasselt freshwater fishes from Java
Systematic account
Anguillidae
Muraenidae
Notopteridae
Cyprinidae
Cobitidae
Bagridae
Clariidae
Pangasiidae
Sisoridae
Akysidae
Siluridae
Cyprinodontidae
Hemiramphidae
Syngnathidae
Mugilidae
Anabantidae
Belontiidae
Osphronemidae
4
7
10
12
13
14
14
15
23
27
30
31
31
31
32
33
34
36
37
37
37
39
4
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Helostomatidae
Channidae
Rhyacichthyidae
Eleotridae
Gobiidae
Mastacembelidae
Synbranchidae
Tetraodontidae
Incertae sedis
Discussion
Conclusion: an appreciation of Kuhl and van Hasselt as ichthyologists
Acknowledgements
References
Figures 1-73
Index to scientific names
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
45
46
47
50
51
52
55
91
Historical introduction
In a s m a l l cemetary i n the B o t a n i c a l G a r d e n s at B o g o r is the g r a v e of H e i n r i c h
K u h l ( d i e d 14 Sept. 1821, age 24) a n d Johan C o e n r a a d v a n Hasselt (died 8 Sept. 1823,
age 26) (1). H a v i n g c o m p l e t e d studies at the U n i v e r s i t y of G r o n i n g e n , the G e r m a n
K u h l a n d h i s y o u n g e r D u t c h f r i e n d a n d colleague v a n Hasselt w e r e the first a p p o i n tees to the N a t u u r k u n d i g e C o m m i s s i e v o o r N e d e r l a n d s c h e Indië. T h e C o m m i s s i e w a s
f o u n d e d b y the D u t c h G o v e r n m e n t , b y R o y a l Decree of 2 M a y 1820. D u r i n g the 30 o r
so years of its existence it m a d e substantial contributions to k n o w l e d g e of the n a t u r a l
h i s t o r y of the East Indies, b u t o n l y at a considerable cost i n lives of the scientists a n d
their assistants.
K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t , a c c o m p a n i e d b y the p r e p a r a t o r G e r r i t v a n R a a l t e n a n d
artist G e r r i t Keultjes sailed o n the s h i p " N o r d l o h " f r o m the D u t c h d e e p w a t e r p o r t of
Texel o n 11 J u l y 1820 (Veth, 1879: 25). E n route they s t o p p e d at M a d e i r a , the C a p e of
G o o d H o p e , a n d C o c o s I s l a n d a n d s t u d i e d oceanic o r g a n i s m s i n c l u d i n g e l a s m o b r a n c h a n d s c o m b r o i d fishes. T h e y a r r i v e d at B a t a v i a ( n o w Jakarta) i n D e c e m b e r
1820, a n d set a b o u t i n v e s t i g a t i n g a n d c o l l e c t i n g the f a u n a a n d f l o r a o f B a t a v i a ,
B u i t e n z o r g ( n o w B o g o r ) a n d n e i g h b o r i n g areas. T h e G o v e r n o r G e n e r a l v a n d e r
C a p e l l e n p l a c e d a h o u s e at their d i s p o s a l i n B o g o r a n d h e l p e d f u r t h e r t h e i r w o r k
(Veth, 1879: 25). K u h l d i e d after eight m o n t h s . Keultjes d i e d t w o d a y s after K u h l . V a n
Hasselt c o n t i n u e d the w o r k for another t w o years before he s u c c u m b e d after a n a r d u ous j o u r n e y to B a n t a m i n w e s t e r n Java. V a n Raalten s u r v i v e d a r h i n o attack a n d c o l lected i n Java, N e w G u i n e a , a n d T i m o r u n t i l he too d i e d i n 1829. D u e l a r g e l y to v a n
(1) Van Hasselt was born in Doesburg on 24 June 1797 (Veth, 1879: 23; van Steenis-Kruseman, 1950: 303).
There is confusion concerning the birthdate and age of Kuhl. Veth, 1879: 24 states that Kuhl was born in
Hanau [Hanover] on 17 September 1797, thus making him younger than van Hasselt by three months,
and only 23 years old (three days short of his 24th birthday) at the time of his death. However, these
calculations are contradicted by Veth, who states that Kuhl was a year older than van Hasselt, and that
he died at the age of 25 (op cit.: 24, 26). The tombstone in Bogor gives Kurd's age at death as 25. Van
Steenis-Kruseman (1950: 219), gives Kuhl's birthdate only to year, 1796.1 think it is likely that Kuhl was
born on 17 September 1796 but have not confirmed this. In this case Kuhl would have been some nine
months older than van Hasselt, and three days short of 25 at the time of his death.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
5
R a a l t e n the c o l l e c t i o n s , d r a w i n g s , a n d m a n u s c r i p t s of K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t w e r e
s h i p p e d to L e i d e n . A l l of the Javanese m a r i n e fishes were collected b y v a n H a s s e l t
after K u h l ' s d e a t h ( v a n Hasselt's letter of 29 October 1822 to T e m m i n c k ) . P r e s u m a b l y
v a n R a a l t e n p r e p a r e d a l l of the m a n y stuffed specimens a n d skeletons, b u t the m a j o r i t y of f i s h s p e c i m e n s w e r e p r e s e r v e d i n a l c o h o l . S a l o m o n Müller, a m e m b e r of the
N a t u u r k u n d i g e C o m m i s s i e w h o a r r i v e d i n Java a n d started collecting freshwater f i s h es i n 1826, m i g h t h a v e i n c l u d e d K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t f i s h specimens w i t h s o m e of h i s
s h i p m e n t s , b u t I h a v e b e e n unable to v e r i f y this a n d t h i n k it p r o b a b l y d i d n o t occur.
T h e collections, d r a w i n g s a n d m a n u s c r i p t s of K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t sent to the
Rijksmuseum v a n Natuurlijke Historie i n L e i d e n were soon reported o n b y various
z o o l o g i s t s a n d botanists. Brief sketches of their travels a n d especially b o t a n i c a l c o l l e c t i n g a c t i v i t i e s , as w e l l as t h e i r p o r t r a i t s a n d b i o g r a p h i c a l references, are to be
f o u n d i n v a n S t e e n i s - K r u s e m a n (1950: 219-221; 303). A m o r e d e t a i l e d a c c o u n t of
K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t a n d the h i s t o r y of the N a t u u r k u n d i g e C o m m i s s i e is g i v e n b y
V e t h (1879; i n c l u d i n g the f u l l text of the decree b y K i n g W i l l e m I a p p o i n t i n g K u h l
a n d v a n H a s s e l t as naturalists i n the East Indies), a n d b y S i r k s (1915).
D r a w i n g s , m o s t of t h e m p r o b a b l y w a t e r c o l o u r e d , were m a d e of m a n y of the f i s h es collected b y K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt. S o m e d r a w i n g s certainly w e r e d o n e b y Keultjes,
the o f f i c i a l artist of the C o m m i s s i e . O t h e r s w e r e d o n e b y A n t o i n e M a u r e v e r t , w h o
w o r k e d as a n artist for D u v a u c e l a n d D i a r d i n I n d i a , a n d a c c o m p a n i e d D i a r d to Java.
H e started w o r k i n g as a n artist for the C o m m i s s i e after the d e a t h of Keultjes. V a n
R a a l t e n also m a d e excellent sketches a n d w a t e r c o l o u r s , a n d d i d at least some of the
f r e s h w a t e r fishes. P e r h a p s K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t d i d s o m e d r a w i n g s t h e m s e l v e s .
K u h l , i n a n y event, w a s a capable illustrator of fishes a n d b i r d s , as e v i d e n c e d b y the
figures i n h i s major p u b l i s h e d w o r k ( K u h l , 1820). A d r a w i n g of a n a d v a n c e d o v a r i a n
e m b r y o of the t i n y l i v e b e a r i n g halfbeak Dermogenys pusilla m a y h a v e b e e n d o n e b y
v a n H a s s e l t . B e f o r e s h i p p i n g the d r a w i n g s to H o l l a n d v a n R a a l t e n m a d e o r h a d
copies m a d e , so that a d u p l i c a t e set w a s retained i n Java w i t h the G o v e r n o r G e n e r a l
(réf.). It is e v i d e n t l y f r o m this set that P. B l e e k e r o b t a i n e d s o m e of the d r a w i n g s
a r o u n d 1853. O f the o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g s , o n l y a f e w are i n the archives i n L e i d e n .
C.J. T e m m i n c k , D i r e c t o r of the R i j k s m u s e u m v a n N a t u u r l i j k e H i s t o r i e i n L e i d e n ,
a r r a n g e d for the f i s h collections a n d d r a w i n g s to be s t u d i e d b y G e o r g e C u v i e r a n d
A c h i l l e Valenciennes of the M u s é u m N a t i o n a l de H i s t o i r e N a t u r e l l e . C u v i e r ' s w o r k
o n the m o n u m e n t a l treatise " L e R è g n e A n i m a l " w a s w e l l a d v a n c e d , a n d h e a n d
Valenciennes w e r e g o i n g ahead w i t h the " H i s t o i r e naturelle des P o i s s o n s " . A s e a r l y as
1815 C u v i e r h a d selected Valenciennes to w o r k w i t h h i m o n the H i s t o i r e naturelle des
Poissons, a n d Valenciennes m a d e a series of trips to E u r o p e a n m u s e u m s w i t h i m p o r tant f i s h collections ( M o n o d , 1963: 12; Bauchot et a l . , 1990). Valenciennes m a d e t w o
trips to L e i d e n , one i n late 1824 a n d one i n 1827, the p r i m a r y objective of w h i c h e v i d e n t l y w a s to s t u d y the K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt material. C u v i e r ' s stepdaughter S o p h i e
D u v a u c e l (best k n o w n as a n e p i s t o l i e r to S t e n d h a l a n d o t h e r l i t e r a t i ) m a y h a v e
a c c o m p a n i e d V a l e n c i e n n e s to L e i d e n o n one or b o t h t r i p s . V a l e n c i e n n e s e x a m i n e d
s p e c i m e n s i n L e i d e n , m a k i n g p e n c i l d r a w i n g s of s e v e r a l of t h e m , a n d also m a d e
w a t e r c o l o r e d copies of m a n y of the o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g s sent f r o m Java. W a t e r c o l o u r e d
c o p i e s of m a n y of the o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g s w e r e also m a d e b y S o p h i e , p o s s i b l y i n
L e i d e n . T h e artist J . C . Werner, w h o p r e p a r e d m a n y of the f i s h d r a w i n g s p u b l i s h e d i n
L e R è g n e A n i m a l a n d the H i s t o i r e naturelle des Poissons d i d o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g s of a
6
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
considerable n u m b e r of K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt freshwater f i s h specimens f r o m Java,
o n l y a f e w of w h i c h w e r e p u b l i s h e d i n the H i s t o i r e naturelle des Poissons.
W h i l e some K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt specimens were loaned or g i v e n to C u v i e r a n d
Valenciennes b y T e m m i n c k , a n d c o u l d be s t u d i e d later i n Paris ( M o n o d , 1963:12), most
of the s t u d y of the actual s p e c i m e n s e v i d e n t l y w a s c o m p l e t e d i n L e i d e n b y V a l e n ciennes. C o m p l e t e descriptions of at least some definitely were prepared i n L e i d e n , as
were d r a w i n g s of m a n y specimens. C o p i e s of a l l or nearly a l l of the o r i g i n a l K u h l a n d
v a n H a s s e l t d r a w i n g s w e r e p r e p a r e d a n d annotated w i t h data o n f i n r a y counts b y
C u v i e r , Valenciennes, a n d S o p h i e o n tracing p a p e r (caique), a n d these p r o v i d e d the
m a i n or sole basis for the p u b l i s h e d descriptions of m a n y of the species. M a n y of the
copies are s i g n e d a n d dated " A . V a l . L e y d e 1824" or " A . V a l . L e y d e 1827". T h e y are
stored i n the archives of the Bibliothèque Centrale of the M u s é u m national d ' H i s t o i r e
naturelle (Bibi. M N H N ) . So far as I have been able to ascertain, C u v i e r a n d Valenciennes
d i d not consult any of the u n p u b l i s h e d descriptions b y K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt.
Valenciennes certainly visited L e i d e n i n 1824, a n d apparently also i n 1827. I n 1824 he
e x a m i n e d m a i n l y the freshwater fishes collected b y K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt, w h i c h h a d
already a r r i v e d i n L e i d e n , w h i l e i n 1827 he examined some a d d i t i o n a l freshwater fishes
but m a i n l y m a r i n e fishes collected b y v a n Hasselt after K u h l ' s death, w h i c h p r e s u m a b l y
d i d not reach L e i d e n u n t i l after 1824. That Valenciennes visited L e i d e n i n december 1824,
and w a s sent b y C u v i e r , is recorded i n a n a n n u a l report b y T e m m i n c k (pers. c o m m u n .
M . Boeseman). There are n u m e r o u s d r a w i n g s (actually copies of K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt
freshwater fish originals) signed " A . Vál. L e y d e 1824". Other similar d r a w i n g s of fishes
signed " A . V a l . L e y d e 1827", i n c l u d i n g a few of freshwater fishes recorded herein, are m y
o n l y evidence of his visit i n 1827. There is a manuscript b y Valenciennes dated " L e y d e
1822" (see account of this manuscript u n d e r Macrochirichthys macrochir) i n d i c a t i n g that he
also m a y have visited L e i d e n i n 1822. C o p i e s of d r a w i n g s b y Sophie D u v a u c e l are dated
1824 a n d 1827 b u t w i t h o u t indication of where they were done. I have n o c o n v i n c i n g e v i dence that Sophie D . or Sophie (as her d r a w i n g s are u s u a l l y signed or ascribed) v i s i t e d
L e i d e n , b u t at the same time there is n o c o n v i n c i n g evidence that the o r i g i n a l s w e r e
taken or sent to Paris.
T h e present s t u d y of K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt materials has l e d to i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of
some hitherto u n i d e n t i f i e d b u t available n o m i n a l species, a n d reidentifications of s o m e
p r e v i o u s l y m i s i d e n t i f i e d ones. In a d d i t i o n , a n u m b e r of freshwater fishes collected b y
t h e m are represented b y specimens i n L e i d e n , a n d are n o w reported for the first t i m e ,
n o t a b l y t w o species of Anguilla, Chitala lopis, a n d s e v e r a l catfishes of the f a m i l i e s
S i l u r i d a e a n d Bagridae. K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt collected at least 79 species of freshwater
fishes i n a relatively c i r c u m s c r i b e d area i n western Java. T h e i r freshwater f i s h d i s c o v e r ies i n c l u d e three n e w families ( A k y s i d a e , H e l o s t o m a t i d a e a n d R h y a c i c h t h y i d a e ) , 25
n e w genera, a n d m o r e t h a n 50 n e w species. I have been able to i d e n t i f y t y p e specimens
or c o n f i r m status of t y p e specimens for m a n y species described f r o m their m a t e r i a l .
P r e s u m a b l y a l l or a l l b u t a v e r y f e w of the freshwater f i s h species collected b y
K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t i n Java are accounted for i n the present s t u d y T h i s is b a s e d o n
the p r e s u m p t i o n , n o t n e c e s s a r i l y t r u e , that v e r y n e a r l y a l l species t h e y c o l l e c t e d
e v e n t u a l l y r e a c h e d E u r o p e a n d w e r e m e n t i o n e d i n their v a r i o u s m a n u s c r i p t s a n d
notes. A t least i n one instance, that of Akysis variegatus, a species collected b y K u h l
a n d v a n H a s s e l t c a n be attributed to t h e m o n l y o n the basis of a d r a w i n g seen b y
Bleeker i n J a v a ( n o w lost). T h e y m a y also h a v e collected the large a n d d i s t i c t i v e s i l -
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
7
u r i d c a t f i s h Wallago attu ( B l o c h a n d S c h n e i d e r , 1801), as i n d i c a t e d b y a n e n t r y f o r
"Siluris walago C u v . 1 i n d i v i d u " i n the m a n u s c r i p t " C a t a l o g u e d e s P o i s s o n s d e K u h l &
v a n H a s s e l t " . B l e e k e r (1858: 24) also n o t e d the s a m e o r a s i m i l a r e n t r y i n a n o t h e r
m a n u s c r i p t , n o w lost, "list of K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t fishes sent to L e i d e n " , a n d p r e s u m e d f r o m this that t h e y h a d i n d e e d collected Wallago attu (referred to b y B l e e k e r as
Wallago russellii). T h i s r e c o r d c a n n o t b e c o n f i r m e d , h o w e v e r , b e c a u s e n o K u h l a n d
v a n H a s s e l t d r a w i n g o r s p e c i m e n o f W. attu h a s b e e n f o u n d i n L e i d e n o r i n P a r i s .
K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t collected m a n y species of the catfish f a m i l y A r i i d a e , p r o b a b l y
a l l m a r i n e species. F r e s h w a t e r A r i i d a e h a v e n o t b e e n w e l l d o c u m e n t e d f o r J a v a a n d
are e v i d e n t l y p o o r l y represented o r e v e n absent.
Sources of information
I n O c t o b e r a n d D e c e m b e r 1822 v a n H a s s e l t sent t w o letters t o C . J . T e m m i n c k
w i t h m a n u s c r i p t n a m e s a n d brief notes p r e p a r e d b y h i m s e l f a n d K u h l f o r m a n y o f
the fishes t h e y h a d c o l l e c t e d . Extracts o r " U i t t r e k s e l s " of these letters, p r e p a r e d (or
edited) b y T e m m i n c k , were p u b l i s h e d i n the first a n d second v o l u m e s of the
A l g e m e e n e K o n s t - e n L e t t e r b o d e i n 1823 ( v a n H a s s e l t , 1823a,b,c). T h e n e x t y e a r a
F r e n c h t r a n s l a t i o n of the U i t t r e k s e l s w a s p u b l i s h e d ( v a n H a s s e l t , 1824a,b). T h e translation m a y have been done b y Temminck, or H . Boie, perhaps w i t h help from
V a l e n c i e n n e s . T h e text f o l l o w s that of the o r i g i n a l D u t c h U i t t r e k s e l s ; there are a n u m ber of changes i n s p e l l i n g of scientific n a m e s , a l l w i t h o u t n o m e n c l a t u r a l s i g n i f i c a n c e .
A n E n g l i s h t r a n s l a t i o n b y M . B o e s e m a n (then C u r a t o r of Fishes at the R i j k s m u s e u m )
w a s p u b l i s h e d i n A l f r e d , 1961. T h e o r i g i n a l letters are m i s s i n g , b u t d r a f t s i n v a n
H a s s e l t ' s h a n d w r i t i n g are stored i n the archives o f the N a t u u r k u n d i g e C o m m i s s i e i n
the R M N H . P u b l i c a t i o n of the letters i n f u l l w o u l d b e w o r t h w h i l e , f o r t h e y m e n t i o n
n u m e r o u s species a n d m a n u s c r i p t n a m e s (e.g., of catfishes a n d s n a k e h e a d s ) , l o c a l i ties, f i g u r e s a n d other i n f o r m a t i o n n o t present i n the U i t t r e k s e l s .
T h e a r c h i v e s i n L e i d e n also i n c l u d e s u b s t a n t i a l other e a r l y m a n u s c r i p t m a t e r i a l
d i r e c t l y related to the K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t f i s h collections. O n e is a t w e l v e - p a g e list
e n t i t l e d " C a t a l o g u e des P o i s s o n s d e K u h l & v a n H a s s e l t " i n c l u d i n g s o m e 424 species,
a l l i d e n t i f i e d to g e n u s , a n d the great m a j o r i t y to species, m a n y w i t h u n p u b l i s h e d
m a n u s c r i p t n a m e s of K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t o r of C u v i e r a n d V a l e n c i e n n e s . U n f o r t u n a t e l y the list is u n d a t e d a n d u n s i g n e d , a n d it is n o t k n o w n w h o p r e p a r e d it. There
is s o m e i n d i c a t i o n that i t m a y h a v e b e e n based o n a n earlier list of 420 species w h i c h
has n o t s u r v i v e d . T h e list i n c l u d e s o n l y s o m e 60 freshwater species, so i s f a r f r o m
c o m p l e t e . A f e w m a n u s c r i p t n a m e s i n the list I h a v e b e e n u n a b l e to connect d i r e c t l y
to a n y s p e c i m e n s , p a r t i c u l a r l y "Labeobarbus seriatus K . v. H . " , a n d "Silurus pabuoides
C u v . V a l . " S o m e notes i n the m a i n list h e l p c l a r i f y o r c o n f i r m s y n o n y m y w o r k e d o u t
b y other m e a n s , s u c h as Cyprinus bramoides = Barbus hypselonotus, Cyprinus marginatus
= B. obtusirostris, Barbus rubripinna = Hampala macrolepidota, Homaloptera ocellata = H.
javanica a n d Ophiocephalus acutirostris = O. micropeltes. T h e list c o n c l u d e s w i t h a short
list of t w e l v e n o m i n a l species of " P o i s s o n s d o n t M r . v a n H a s s e l t a fait m e n t i o n d a n s
ses lettres, & q u e n o u s n ' a v o n s p a s retrouve j u s q u ' a l o r s " . T h e freshwater species are
Dermogenys, Odontopsis armata, Barbus tambra, Diplocheilus erythropterus, Nomaecheilus
[sic] fasciatus, Acanthophthalmus fasciatus, a n d A. javanicus. A l l of these species c a n b e
8
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
i d e n t i f i e d . Dip locheilus erythropterus w a s received i n L e i d e n as Labeo scabrosus, a n d th e
Nemacheilus fasciatus p r o b a b l y w a s i n c l u d e d w i t h m a t e r i a l l a b e l l e d Ν. chrysolaimos.
T h e a u t h o r o f t h e l i s t j u s t m e n t i o n e d i s u n c l e a r . It m i g h t h a v e b e e n m a d e b y
H e n d r i k B o i e , H e i n r i c h M a c k l o t , o r Pieter v a n O o r t . Boie a n d M a c k l o t left for J a v a as
m e m b e r s o f t h e N a t u u r k u n d i g e C o m m i s s i e , w i t h v a n O o r t as artist a n d S a l o m o n
M ü l l e r as preparator, at th e e n d of 1825. T he s a m e p e r s o n w h o d i d the list also p r e p a r e d a n extensive m a n u s c r i p t , w i t h o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g s o r r o u g h sketch es i n p e n a n d
p e n c i l , o f m a n y o r e v e n m o s t o f t h e K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t f i s h e s . If t h e l i s t a n d
m a n u s c r i p t w e r e p r e p a r e d b y eith er B o i e o r M a c k l o t , it m u s t h a v e b e e n d o n e s o m e t i m e b e t w e e n V a l e n c i e n n e s ' s v i s i t to L e i d e n i n 1824 a n d t he i r d e p a r t u r e f o r J a v a
before th e e n d of 1825. T hi s w o u l d i m p l y h o w e v e r , th at a l l o r n e a r l y a l l of th e K u h l
a n d v a n H a s s e l t f i s h s p e c i m e n s a r r i v e d i n L e i d e n b y 1824 o r 1825, w h i c h s e e m s
u n l i k e l y . O f the i d e n t i f i e d ha n d w r i t i n g samples of v a r i o u s p e r s o n s w o r k i n g i n L e i d e n
a r o u n d 1820-1840, th ose of M a c k l o t a n d especially B o i e seem m o s t l i k e the ha n d w r i t i n g i n the list a n d i n the m a n u s c r i p t s u n d e r d i s c u s s i o n . A n a n a t o m i c a l d r a w i n g o f
b i r d s (Philedon corniculatus a n d Philedon nov. spec, f r o m th e R i v i e r D o u r g a , 26 M a y
1825) is l a b e l l e d i n ha n d w r i t i n g i d e n t i c a l to that i n the " C a t a l o g u e of f i s h collected b y
K u h l & v a n H a s s e l t " . T h e d r a w i n g is a p p a r e n t l y s i g n e d b y v a n O o r t , b u t it ha s n o t
b e e n c o n f i r m e d th at th is is i n fact h i s signature o r hi s h a n d w r i t i n g . It seems m o r e l i k e l y th at th e extensive d e s c r i p t i o n s a n d d r a w i n g s o r r o u g h sketch es of K u h l a n d v a n
Hasselt specimens were done b y M a c k l o t or Boie th an b y v a n Oort.
N e a r l y a l l of the o r i g i n a l K u hl a n d v a n H a s s e l t d r a w i n g s of Javanese f r e s h w a t e r
fishes h a v e b e e n lost o r m i s p l a c e d . T h e present w h e r e a b o u t s are k n o w n f o r o n l y a
v e r y f e w , a l l o f t h e m i n L e i d e n . Th ese i n c l u d e w a t e r c o l o u r e d o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g s of
Silurichthys hasselti, Syngnathus fluviatilis ( p u b l i s h e d i n Bleeker, 1983, p i . 450, f i g . 12),
Anabas testudineus, Belontia hasselti, Helostoma temminckii, Channa lucius, a n d t w o
u n i d e n t i f i e d s m a l l s i c y d i i n gobies. A p p a r e n t l y m o s t of the o r i g i n a l s w e r e m i s s i n g b y
the time P i e t e r B l e e k e r r e t u r n e d f r o m Java to H o l l a n d i n 1860. B l e e k e r s a w o r i g i n a l s
o r d u p l i c a t e s of at least 20 K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t d r a w i n g s of f r e s h w a t e r fish es, p r e s u m a b l y d u p l i c a t e s m a d e b y v a n R a a l t e n th at h a d b e e n left i n J a v a . H a d h e seen
t h e m a l l , he w o u l d h a v e b e e n able to i d e n t i f y v i r t u a l l y e v e r y o n e of their species f o r
w h i c h d r a w i n g s h a d been m a d e , th us a v o i d i n g m u c h of th e c o n f u s i o n w h i c h h as
remained until now.
W i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f t h e f e w o r i g i n a l s i n t he R i j k s m u s e u m v a n N a t u u r l i j k e
H i s t o r i e i n L e i d e n , K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt's fresh water fish
d r a w i n g s are k n o w n o n l y
b y th e copies i n the archives of the Bibliothèque C e n t r a l e i n P a r i s . Th ese are filed w i t h
other m a t e r i a l u n d e r " C u v i e r a n d Valenciennes, H i s t o i r e naturelle des P o i s s o n s , M S
480-558." I n O c t o b e r 1991 a n d A u g u s t - S e p t e m b e r 1992 I l o o k e d i n these arch ives f o r
d r a w i n g s of fresh water fish es collected b y K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt. T h e d r a w i n g s are
quite d i v e r s e , i n c l u d i n g 1) w a t e r c o l o u r o r i n k copies o n tracing p a p e r (caique) o f o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g s of K u hl a n d v a n Hasselt, m o s t l y b y Valenciennes o r S o p hi e D u v a u c e l ; 2)
o r i g i n a l s o r c o p i e s of d r a w i n g s of s p e c i m e n s b y V a l e n c i e n n e s ; a n d 3) u n p u b l i s h e d
o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g s a n d p r o o f sh eets of d r a w i n g s b y W e r n e r of s e v e r a l catfish es, th e
l o a c h Acantop sis dialuzona a n d t he l o a c h g o b y Rhyacichthys asp ro. T h e r e a r e a l s o
m a n u s c r i p t s o f d e s c r i p t i o n s o f s e v e r a l s p e c i e s b y V a l e n c i e n n e s f o r t he H i s t o i r e
naturelle des P o i s s o n s ( i n c l u d i n g a n u n p u b l i s he d d e s c r i p t i o n of Acantopsis dialuzona).
I n a d d i t i o n to th e specimens p r e s e r v e d i n a l c o ho l , th ere is i m p o r t a n t m a t e r i a l of
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
9
skeletons a n d stuffed specimens, i n c l u d i n g some species (notably Chitala lopis, Labeo
erythropterus) n o t o t h e r w i s e represented i n their collections. A l l of the s t u f f e d s p e c i m e n s a n d skeletons e x a m i n e d b y m e are i n L e i d e n a n d bear R M N H catalog n u m b e r s .
A c c o r d i n g to M . B o e s e m a n (pers. c o m m u n . ) there are also some stuffed s p e c i m e n s i n
Paris. M a n y of the stuffed specimens a n d skeletons i n L e i d e n bear v e r y e a r l y labels,
b u t it is u n c l e a r w h e t h e r these w e r e m a d e i n Java or after the specimens h a d a r r i v e d i n
L e i d e n . T h e a l c o h o l specimens o n l y h a v e labels m a d e after the specimens a r r i v e d i n
L e i d e n . T h e s t u f f e d s p e c i m e n s are a l l v a r n i s h e d , a n d m a n y of t h e m w e r e p a i n t e d
before v a r n i s h i n g . Several stuffed specimens of C y p r i n i d a e (Barbichthys laevis, Rasbora
lateristriatus, Tor tambra) a n d other fishes w e r e p a i n t e d w i t h p a r t i c u l a r l y distinct spots
o n the scales or stripes a n d e v i d e n t l y w e r e s u b s e q u e n t l y u s e d as m o d e l s for w a t e r c o l o u r e d d r a w i n g s , thus r e s u l t i n g i n s l i g h t l y surreal c o l o u r patterns.
T h e m o s t interesting a r c h i v a l d o c u m e n t s are of course the u n p u b l i s h e d o r i g i n a l
d e s c r i p t i o n s b y K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t t h e m s e l v e s of the great m a j o r i t y of the n e w
genera a n d species of fishes (marine as w e l l as freshwater), d i s c o v e r e d b y t h e m o n
their sea v o y a g e as w e l l as i n Java. T h e r o u g h drafts of the d e s c r i p t i o n s , e s p e c i a l l y
those b y K u h l , are s o m e w h a t d i f f i c u l t to r e a d , b u t the f i n a l v e r s i o n s b y v a n H a s s e l t
are v e r y c a r e f u l l y w r i t t e n a n d o n the w h o l e v e r y l e g i b l e . M a n y of t h e
accounts
i n c l u d e extensive observations o n anatomy, f o o d habits, a n d r e p r o d u c t i v e a n a t o m y
a n d w o u l d c e r t a i n l y r e p a y careful study. L i m i t a t i o n s of t i m e a n d f u n d i n g that c o u l d
be d e v o t e d to this research h a v e p r e v e n t e d m e f r o m a m o r e t h o r o u g h i n v e s t i g a t i o n of
these m a n u s c r i p t s .
T h e a r r i v a l of K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt's materials o n Javanese fishes (letters, notes,
m a n u s c r i p t s , d r a w i n g s , a n d specimens) i n L e i d e n w a s spread over a p e r i o d of s o m e 40
years, f r o m 1821 or 1822 (the first letters f r o m v a n Hasselt) to 1860 or later. M o s t of the
d r a w i n g s a n d specimens of freshwater fishes p r e s u m a b l y a r r i v e d before Valenciennes's
visit i n D e c e m b e r 1824, those of m a r i n e fishes i n t i m e for Valenciennes to w o r k o n t h e m
i n L e i d e n or P a r i s i n 1827. A large s h i p m e n t of K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt's m a n u s c r i p t s a n d
1200 d r a w i n g s w e r e received o n 24 December 1825 (Veth, 1879: 38). A d d i t i o n a l d r a w ings a n d specimens m a y h a v e been i n c l u d e d i n shipments f r o m S a l o m o n Müller a n d
other m e m b e r s of the N a t u u r k u n d i g e C o m m i s s i e , b u t this is d i f f i c u l t to d o c u m e n t or
date. T h e date of a r r i v a l of a l l of the notes a n d m a n u s c r i p t s o n K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t
fishes ( i n c l u d i n g s p e c i m e n lists> a n d the extensive d r a w i n g s a n d m a n u s c r i p t s b y a pers o n or persons u n k n o w n ) is not clear, some or a l l of t h e m e v i d e n t l y not a r r i v i n g u n t i l
after the d e a t h of Forsten i n 1843. Finally, some of the d r a w i n g s f o u n d b y Bleeker i n
Java p r e s u m a b l y w e r e b r o u g h t to L e i d e n after h i s r e t u r n to H o l l a n d i n 1860 (but the
great m a j o r i t y of t h e m cannot be located n o w ) .
If one h a d to choose a single i c h t h y o l o g i c a l d i s c o v e r y representative of K u h l a n d
v a n H a s s e l t , it m i g h t w e l l be the little v i v i p a r o u s halfbeak Dermogenys pusilla. T h i s f i s h
w a s d i s c o v e r e d w h i l e they w e r e b o t h still a l i v e , a n d they w o r k e d o n it together. T h e
a r c h i v a l materials i n c l u d e a r o u g h draft of its d e s c r i p t i o n a p p a r e n t l y w r i t t e n b y K u h l ,
the f i n a l draft of the d e s c r i p t i o n b y v a n Hasselt, a c o p y of their o r i g i n a l w a t e r c o l o u r e d
d r a w i n g , a n d their o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g s of its soft a n a t o m y a n d of a late o v a r i a n e m b r y o .
T h e d e s c r i p t i o n p r o v i d e s the first account of the g o n o p o d i u m of a v i v i p a r o u s halfbeak.
T h e s e i l l u s t r a t i o n s are r e p r o d u c e d here f o r the f i r s t t i m e a n d the f u l l text of v a n
Hasselt's f i n a l draft of the d e s c r i p t i o n is g i v e n i n the systematic account of D. pusilla.
10
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Table 1. List of Kuhl and van Hasselt freshwater fishes from Java.
ANGUILLIDAE
Anguilla bicolor McClelland, 1844
Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
MURAENIDAE
Gymnothorax polyuranodon (Bleeker, 1853)
Notopteridae
Chitala lopis (Bleeker, 1851)
Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769)
CYPRINIDAE
Barbichthys laevis (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842)
Crossocheilus oblongus Kuhl & van Hasselt in van Hasselt, 1823
Cyclocheilichthys apogon (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842)
Cyclocheilichthys armatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842)
Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758
Hampala macrolepidota (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842)
Labeo erythropterus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842
Labiobarbus leptocheilus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842)
Lobocheilos falcifer (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842)
Luciosoma setigerum (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842)
Macrochirichthys macrochir (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844)
Mystacoleucus marginatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842)
Osteochilus hasselti (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842)
Osteochilus microcephalus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842)
Oxygaster anomalura van Hasselt, 1823
Puntius binotatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842)
Puntius bramoides (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842)
Puntius lateristriga (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842)
Puntius orphoides (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842)
Rasbora lateristriata (Bleeker, 1854)
Tor tambra (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842)
COBITIDIDAE
Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt, 1823
Homaloptera ocellata van der Hoeven, 1830
Homaloptera wassinki Bleeker, 1853
Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846)
Nemacheilus chrysolaimos (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846)
Nemacheilus fasciatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846)
Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846)
Pangio oblongus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846)
BAGRIDAE
Leiocassis poecilopterus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840)
Leiocassis stenomus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840)
Mystus gulio (Hamilton, 1822)
Mystus macronema (Bleeker, 1846)
Mystus nemurus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840)
Mystus nigriceps (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840)
Mystus planiceps (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840)
Mystus wyckii (Bleeker, 1858)
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
CLARIIDAE
Clanas cf batrachus Linnaeus, 1758
Ciarias nieuhofi Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840
PANGASIIDAE
Pangasius djambal Bleeker, 1846
SlSORIDAE
Glyptothorax platypogon (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840)
AKYSIDAE
Akysis variegatus (Bleeker, 1847)
SILURIDAE
Kryptopterus bicirrhis (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840)
Ompok hypophthalmus (Bleeker, 1846)
Silurichthys hasseltii Bleeker, 1858
CYPRINODONTIDAE
Aplocheilus panchax (Hamilton, 1822)
HEMIRAMPHIDAE
Dermogenys pusilla van Hasselt, 1823
Zenarchopterus dispar (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846)
SYNGNATHIDAE
Doryichthys deokhatoides (Bleeker, 1853)
MUGILIDAE
Cestraeus oxyrhyncus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836
ANABANTIDAE
Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1795)
BELONTIIDAE
Belontia hasselti (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831)
Betta picta (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846)
Trichogaster trichopterus (Pallas, 1770)
Trichopsis vittata (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831)
OSPHRONEMIDAE
Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1802
HELOSTOMATIDAE
Helostoma temminckii Cuvier, 1829
CHANNIDAE
Channa gachua (Hamilton, 1822)
Channa lucius (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831)
Channa micropeltes (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831)
Channa striata (Bloch, 1793)
RHYACICHTHYIDAE
Rhyacichthys aspro (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1837)
11
12
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
ELEOTRIDIDAE
Belobranchus belobranchus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1837)
Eleotris fusca (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Ophiocara porocephala (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1837)
GOBIIDAE
Aulopareia unicolor (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1837)
Sicyopterus cf. cynocephalus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1837)
Sicyopus cf. balinense (Bleeker, 1857)
Stiphodon cf. elegans (Steindachner, 1879)
Gen. & spec, undet.
MASTACEMBELIDAE
Macrognathus maculatus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831)
Mastacembelus unicolor (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831)
SYNBRANCHIDAE
Monopterus albus Zuiew, 1793
TETRAODONTIDAE
Tetraodon nigroviridis Marion de Procé, 1822
INCERTAE SEDIS
"Cirrhina breviceps" Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842
"Pimelodus javus" Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840
Barbinae gen. and spec, undet.
Systematic account
T h i s systematic account i n c l u d e s o n l y citations of literature d e a l i n g d i r e c t l y w i t h
the s p e c i m e n s o r the d r a w i n g s b a s e d o n s p e c i m e n s of f r e s h w a t e r fishes c o l l e c t e d b y
K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t i n J a v a i n 1820-23. It i n c l u d e s a n a n n o t a t e d l i s t i n g o f t h e i r
d r a w i n g s a n d s p e c i m e n s . O n l y s p e c i m e n s c o l l e c t e d b y K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t are
i n d i c a t e d u n d e r the h e a d i n g " S p e c i m e n s " . S p e c i m e n s o f o t h e r c o l l e c t o r s o r w i t h
u n k n o w n collectors ( p o s s i b l y i n c l u d i n g s o m e collected b y K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t ) are
m e n t i o n e d u n d e r " C o m m e n t s " . P a r t i c u l a r e f f o r t w a s m a d e to p r o v i d e l o c a l i t i e s ,
lengths of a c t u a l s p e c i m e n s a n d their lengths i n d r a w i n g s , f o r s u c h i n f o r m a t i o n m a y
be essential i n i d e n t i f y i n g o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g s a n d / o r t y p e s p e c i m e n s of species c o l lected b y K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t . F o r the s a m e reasons I h a v e t r i e d to d o c u m e n t a l l
n o m i n a n u d a a n d u n p u b l i s h e d or manuscript names e m p l o y e d b y K u h l a n d v a n
H a s s e l t . I d e n t i f i c a t i o n a n d p u b l i c a t i o n of these n a m e s h e r e i n s h o u l d n o t b e c o n s t r u e d as m a k i n g t h e m a v a i l a b l e f o r z o o l o g i c a l n o m e n c l a t u r e . W h e n n o l o c a l i t y d a t a
is p r o v i d e d , it m a y b e a s s u m e d that the o n l y i n f o r m a t i o n a v a i l a b l e is " c o l l e c t e d b y
K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt i n Java."
F o r d r a w i n g s , the total l e n g t h (TL) a n d s t a n d a r d l e n g t h (SL) are g i v e n as if t a k e n
f r o m a n a c t u a l s p e c i m e n , e v e n t h o u g h they m a y n o t c o r r e s p o n d w i t h the l e n g t h of
the a c t u a l s p e c i m e n d r a w n . F o r the copies of K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g s , w e d o n o t k n o w the scale e m p l o y e d , b u t i n m o s t instances it p r o b a b l y is n o t
one to o n e . O n m a n y of the W e r n e r d r a w i n g s the scale is i n d i c a t e d , a n d m o s t o f t e n i t
is o n e to o n e (i.e., n a t u r a l size o r " g r a n d e u r n a t u r e l l e " ) . W h e n e v e r scale is i n d i c a t e d
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
13
o n the d r a w i n g s it is m e n t i o n e d i n the c a t a l o g b e l o w . S t a n d a r d l e n g t h i n m m has
b e e n r e c o r d e d for a l l s p e c i m e n s e x a m i n e d b y m e ( i n c l u d i n g stuffed s p e c i m e n s a n d
skeletons). C u v i e r a n d Valenciennes a n d K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t r e c o r d e d t o t a l l e n g t h
i n feet, i n c h e s , a n d lines ( w i t h a foot e q u a l to 12 inches, a n d a l i n e e q u a l to /
1
1 2
of a n
i n c h ) . C u v i e r a n d V a l e n c i e n n e s u s e d the F r e n c h i n c h , 27.07 m m (foot = 324.5 m m ;
l i n e = 2.25 m m ) . K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t m i g h t also h a v e u s e d the F r e n c h s y s t e m , b u t
m o r e l i k e l y u s e d the A m s t e r d a m i n c h (25.47 m m ) o r the G e r m a n ( R h i n e l a n d o r
P r u s s i a n ) i n c h (26.15 m m ) .
A l l of the d r a w i n g s a n d s p e c i m e n s i n d i c a t e d i n this a c c o u n t as K u h l a n d v a n
H a s s e l t m a t e r i a l s are i d e n t i f i a b l e as s u c h b y t h e i r c u r r e n t l a b e l s a n d / o r c a t a l o g
entries o r k n o w n h i s t o r y (e.g., i n the case of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g s s t i l l i n L e i d e n ) . W h a t
a p p e a r to be o r i g i n a l labels d o n e i n J a v a are s t i l l attached to s o m e of the m o u n t e d
skeletons a n d d r i e d s p e c i m e n s . These are r e c o g n i z a b l e b y a fine m u l t i l i n e d r e d b o r d e r a n d f o r m a l h a n d w r i t i n g , a l w a y s w i t h the i n f o r m a t i o n " K u h l & v a n H a s s e l t " (or
a v a r i a n t thereof), a m a n u s c r i p t scientific n a m e , a n d s o m e t i m e s a v e r n a c u l a r n a m e
a n d c o l l e c t i n g locality. S p e c i m e n s p r e s e r v e d i n a l c o h o l i n L e i d e n o n l y h a v e labels
m a d e later, a g a i n i n v a r i a b l y w i t h " K u h l & v a n H a s s e l t " a n d the l o c a l i t y a l m o s t
a l w a y s s i m p l y " J a v a " . So for the great m a j o r i t y of s p e c i m e n s m o r e specific l o c a l i t y
i n f o r m a t i o n is u n a v a i l a b l e ; w h e n e v e r s u c h i n f o r m a t i o n is a v a i l a b l e it has b e e n g i v e n
i n the c a t a l o g b e l o w .
R M N H is for R i j k s m u s e u m v a n N a t u u r l i j k e H i s t o r i e i n L e i d e n (the n a m e recently
has b e e n c h a n g e d to N a t i o n a a l N a t u u r h i s t o r i s c h M u s e u m ) . M N H N is for M u s é u m
N a t i o n a l d ' H i s t o i r e N a t u r e l l e , Paris. T h e code n u m b e r after each d r a w i n g (in parentheses) is that e m p l o y e d i n M s s 480-558 c o n t a i n i n g the a r c h i v a l m a t e r i a l for the " H i s t o i r e
naturelle des P o i s s o n s " i n the Bibliothèque Centrale, M N H N . T h e R o m a n n u m e r a l at
the b e g i n n i n g of e a c h c o d e represents the n u m b e r of the r e l e v a n t v o l u m e of the
H i s t o i r e . T h e rest of the code refers to the sequence of the d o c u m e n t s w i t h i n each file.
ANGUILLIDAE
Anguilla bicolor M c C l e l l a n d , 1844
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 3658, 620 m m ( p r e v i o u s l y i d e n t i f i e d as A. sidat B l e e k e r ,
1853); M N H N 3788, 428 m m , Java ( p r e v i o u s l y i d e n t i f i e d as Anguilla mowa Bleeker,
1853; d o r s a l f i n o r i g i n o n l y s l i g h t l y i n a d v a n c e of v e r t i c a l t h r o u g h a n a l f i n o r i g i n ;
d o r s a l f i n r a y s 230; a n a l f i n rays 220; vertebrae 37+73 = 110); R M N H 2035, 460 m m ,
stuffed.
Anguilla marmorata Q u o y & G a i m a r d , 1824
Drawings.— None found.
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 3743, 455 m m ( m a r b l e d c o l o r a t i o n w e l l d e v e l o p e d ; d o r s a l
f i n o r i g i n far i n a d v a n c e of anal); R M N H 2310, 940 m m , s t u f f e d ( p r e v i o u s l y i d e n t i f i e d as "Anguilla malgumora K a u p " ) ; R M N H 357, 800 m m s k e l e t o n ( d o r s a l f i n v e r y
14
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
m u c h l o n g e r t h a n a n a l , its o r i g i n o v e r v e r t e b r a 21; d o r s a l f i n r a y s a b o u t 295; a n a l f i n
r a y s a b o u t 210; vertebrae 407+63? = 103).
C o m m e n t s . — A l t h o u g h n o l o c a l i t y d a t a are associated d i r e c t l y w i t h a n y of the
s p e c i m e n s r e p o r t e d , a m a n u s c r i p t i n K u h l ' s h a n d w r i t i n g r e a d s i n p a r t "Muraena
marmorata N o b i s [i.e., n e w c o m b i n a t i o n ] . T a b . n o s t r a . L u b a n g . B u i t e n z o r g i m
T j i h a l l i w o e m . Tjisatani. I n s e i n e m M a g e n f a n d e m w i r Überreste v o n Clarias batrachus
u v o n K r e b s e n . L o n g i t u d o tota 3,1,6 [1023 m m ] . " T h e m a n u s c r i p t i n c l u d e s o b s e r v a tions o n r e s p i r a t i o n , c i r c u l a t i o n , d i g e s t i v e s y s t e m , g o n a d s , etc.
MURAENIDAE
Gymnothorax polyuranodon (Bleeker, 1853)
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 3801,371 m m ( w i t h m a n u s c r i p t n a m e "Muraena blematigrina").
C o m m e n t s . — O f the 100 species of the p r e d o m i n a n t l y m a r i n e eel f a m i l y M u r a e n i dae, this is e x c e p t i o n a l i n that the a d u l t s are u s u a l l y e n c o u n t e r e d i n freshwater, o f t e n
i n m o u n t a i n streams. W e b e r & d e Beaufort, 1916: 370 g i v e l o c a l i t y records for J a v a ,
Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, B u m , A m b o n , Ceram, Waigeu, northern N e w
G u i n e a ( r i v e r s of H u m b o l d t B a y ) , a n d F i j i . D i n g e r k u s a n d Seret (pers. c o m m u n . )
recently collected it i n a m o u n t a i n stream i n N e w C a l e d o n i a .
NOTOPTERIDAE
Chitala lopis (Bleeker, 1851)
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 1655, 430 m m , s t u f f e d ; R M N H 2329, 663 m m , s t u f f e d (both
s p e c i m e n s p r e v i o u s l y i d e n t i f i e d as "Notopterus capirat" [sic; = N. notopterus]).
C o m m e n t s . — T h i s s p e c i e s m a y be e x t i n c t o n J a v a . T h e o n l y o t h e r s p e c i m e n
k n o w n f r o m J a v a , the h o l o t y p e of C. lopis, w a s collected b y B l e e k e r a b o u t 1850; the
species also has b e e n r e c o r d e d f r o m S u m a t r a , B o r n e o , the M a l a y p e n i n s u l a , a n d the
M e k l o n g a n d C h a o P h r a y a b a s i n s of T h a i l a n d (Roberts, 1992a).
There is n o precise l o c a l i t y i n f o r m a t i o n d i r e c t l y a c c o m p a n y i n g the t w o K u h l a n d
v a n H a s s e l t s p e c i m e n s r e c o r d e d here, b u t a b r i e f m a n u s c r i p t n o t e b y v a n H a s s e l t
a p p a r e n t l y is b a s e d o n the 430 m m s p e c i m e n ; it reads, i n part, " N o v a species G y m n o t i
P a l l a s . B a l i d a . Z u n d a . i n fluv. P o n t a n g p r o p e P a m e r a y a . . . l o n g . 1,4,0 [442 m m T L ] . "
Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769)
Notopterus bontianus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1848: 147 (type locality Irrawaddy and
Java, but description based on specimen from Irrawaddy).
Drawings.— None.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
15
S p e c i m e n s . — M N H N 3616,285 m m , s y n t y p e N. bontianus; R M N H 3324,191 m m ;
R M N H 371, about 260 m m , i nc o m p l e t e skeleton .
CYPRINIDAE
Barbichthys laevis (Valen cien n es i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1842)
(fig. 1)
Barbus laevis Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:192 (type locality Buitenzorg and Sarayevi).
Dangila lipocheila Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842 (partim; specimen 'Tong de huit pouces").
D r a w i n g s . — P a r t i a l l y w a t e r c o l o u r e d c o p y of o r i g i na l d r a w i n g , w i t h m a n u s c r i p t
n a m e Barbus nudicephalus a n d r e m a r k " c a l q u é p a r M e l l e S o p h i e 1827"; T L 272 m m ,
S L 205 m m ( X V I Β 32).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2531, 160 m m ( p o s s i b l y h o l o t y p e B. laevis; s y n t y p e D.
lipocheila); R M N H 1811, 152 m m a nd R M N H 1812, 202 m m , s t u f f e d , p o s s i b l y s y ntypes B. laevis; no ne at M N H N .
Crossocheilus oblongus K u h l & v a nH a s s e l t , 1823
(fig-2)
Crossocheilus oblongus Kuhl & van Hasselt in van Hasselt, 1823c: 132 (type locality Java).
Labeo oblongus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 357 (type locality Buitenzorg).
D r a w i n g s . — Watercolour c o p y b y Sophie of original d r a w i n g , w i t h accurate
n o t a t i o n of f i n r a y counts b y Valenciennes; T L 125 m m , S L 99 ( X V I C 79).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2640, 70.5 m m (probable h o l o t y p e o r s y nt y p e C. oblongus;
rostral f i m b r i a e 17); R M N H 1755, 96 m m , R M N H 1756, 112 m m , R M N H 1757, 145
m m , stuffed s p e c i m e n s ; R M N H 380,140 m m , skeleton (vertebrae 197+13? = 32).
Cyclocheilichthys
apogon (Valen cien n es i n C u v i e r & V a l e nc i e nne s , 1842)
Barbus apogon Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 392 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — U n p u b l i s h e d o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g b y W e r ne r ; " g r a n d e u r n a t u r e l l e " T L
155 m m , S L 117 m m ( X V I Β 49).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2509, 111 m m ( w i t h m a n u s c r i p t n a m e "Leuciscus schlegelii
C u v i e r & V a l e n c i e n n e s " ) ; R M N H 2446, 2: 86.3-96.8 m m ; R M N H 2 1 0 3 , 124 m m ,
B u i t e n z o r g , s t u f f e d ( p r e v i o u s l y i d e n t i f i e d as Barbus marginatus); R M N H 1735, 134
m m , R M N H 1736,130 m m , stuffed; no ne i n P a r i s .
Cyclocheilichthys
armatus (Valen cien n es i n C u v i e r & V a l e nc i e nne s , 1842)
(fig-3)
Barbus armatus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:163 (type locality Java).
16
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y o f o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g ; T L 134 m m , S L 103 m m ( X V I
Β 13); c o p y b y S o p h i e ? o f o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g d o n e b y V a l e n c i e n n e s L e i d e n 1824;
" g r a n d e u r n a t u r e l l e " T L 205, S L 160 ( X V I B 13bis).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2502,157 m m , h o l o t y p e o r s y n t y p e ; n o n e i n P a r i s .
C o m m e n t s . — T h e d e s c r i p t i o n reads as if it w a s based o n a s i n g l e s p e c i m e n . T he
r e m a r k b y V a l e n c i e n n e s , " j ' a i v u d e ces p o i s s o n s , l o n g s d e sept p o u c e s et d e m i ,
p a r m i s les collections faites a Java p a r M M . K u h l et V a n H a s s e l t " i m p l i e s th at h e s a w
t w o o r m o r e s p e c i m e n s of about th e same l e n g t h . O n l y o n e ha s b e e n located.
Cyprinus carp io L i n n a e u s , 1758
Cyprinusfloripennavan Hasselt, 1823c: 132 (nomen nudum).
CyprinusflavipinnisValenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 71, fig. 457 (type locality Buitenzorg).
D r a w i n g s . — N o n e f o u n d ; f i g . 457 b y A c a r i e - B a r o n p r e s u m a b l y b a s e d o n K u h l
and v a n Hasselt d r a w i n g .
S p e c i m e n s . — M N H N B.674, 130 m m , p o s s i b l y h o l o t y p e C. flavip innis; R M N H
1872, 180 m m , R M N H 1875, 265 m m , a n d R M N H 1876, 275 m m , stuffed s p e c i m e n s
l a b e l l e d C. flavipinna.
C o m m e n t s . — A c c o r d i n g to Valenciennes th e d e s c r i p t i o n o f Cyprinus flavipinnis is
b a s e d s o l e l y o n a n o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g o f K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t , b u t M N H N B.674
c o u l d h a v e b e e n th e s p e c i m e n d r a w n . A n o t he r p o s s i b i l i t y is that f i g . 457 w a s b a s e d
u p o n th is s p e c i m e n rath er t h a n o n a K u hl a n d v a n H a s s e l t d r a w i n g .
T h e K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t m a t e r i a l m a y represent th e earliest record o f the i n t r o d u c e d c a r p i n Java.
Kampala macrolep idota (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1842)
Hampala macrolepidota Kuhl & van Hasselt in van Hasselt, 1823c: 132 (nomen nudum; Buitenzorg).
Capoeta macrolepidota Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 280 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — I n k t r a c i n g of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g of u n i d e n t i f i e d b a r b i n e (no barbels
s h o w n ) , p o s s i b l y H. macrolepidota, l a b e l l e d " L a c D a n o " ; T L 135 m m ( X V I Β 17).
S p e c i m e n s . — M N H N 89, 95.6 m m , h o l o t y p e (gill rakers o n first g i l l a r c h 1+8 = 9,
vertebrae 19+12 = 31); R M N H 2518, 88.8 m m ; R M N H 1798, 276 m m , B u i t e n z o r g , a n d
R M N H 1799, 228 m m , B u i t e n z o r g , stuffed specimens; R M N H 383, 312 m m , s k e l e t o n
(gill rakers 1 o r 2+8 = 9 o r 10, vertebrae 19?+13? = 32); R M N H 388, 181 m m , s k e l e t o n
(vertebrae 19+13 = 32).
Labeo erythrop terus Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1842
(figs. 4-6)
Deplocheilus erythropterus van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 (Buitenzorg) (nomen nudum).
Labeo erythropterus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 354 (Bantam).
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
17
D r a w i n g s . — Watercolour c o p y "calqué p a r M e l l e Soph ie D . " of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g ;
T L 228 m m , S L 170 m m ( X V I C 78); p e n c i l d r a w i n g (by Valenciennes), w i t h m a n u s c r i p t
names "Dip locheilus erythrop terus" a n d "Labeo scabrosus"; " 1 / 3 g r a n d e u r n a t u r e l l e " ; T L
218 m m , S L 175 m m ( X V I C 77).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2277, 516 m m , stuffed, h o l o t y p e (excellent c o n d i t i o n ; scales
i n l a t e r a l series 37, p r e d o r s a l 19, t r a n s d o r s a l 15, transverse 8 / 1 / 4 ; d o r s a l f i n r a y s
i i i l l ) ; R M N H 389,165 m m , skeleton (excellent c o n d i t i o n ; vertebrae 23+16 = 39).
C o m m e n t s . — Labeo erythrop terus is k n o w n o n l y f r o m a v e r y f e w specimens, a n d
has b e e n r e c o r d e d u n t i l n o w o n l y f r o m Java (Bleeker, 1862: 53; Weber & d e Beaufort,
1916: 213). T h e Z o o l o g i c a l M u s e u m of A m s t e r d a m has a single large s p e c i m e n f r o m
A i r P e n a t a i , K u r i n t j i , S u m a t r a , collected i n 1915 b y E . Jacobson ( Z M A 120.816, 395
m m ) . I n the ho l o t y p e ( a n d i n the s p e c i m e n f r o m Sumatra) th e e x p o s e d s h i e l d o f th e
scales is v e r y r o u g h , p r e s u m a b l y th e basis for the m a n u s c r i p t n a m e "Labeo scabrosus".
Labiobarbus lep tocheilus (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1842)
(fig-7)
Labiobarbus leptocheilus van Hasselt, 1823c: 132 (nomen nudum).
Dangila leptocheila Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 234 (type locality Batavia).
Dangila kuhlii Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 231 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , l a b e l l e d L. lep tocheilus a n d
Dangila kuhlii; T L 86 m m , S L 65 m m ( X V I Β 75).
S p e c i m e n s . — N o n e f o u n d i n P a r i s , b u t a c c o r d i n g to V a l e n c i e n n e s i n C u v i e r &
V a l e n c i e n n e s , 1842: 232, ho l o t y p e D. kuhlii s ho u l d b e i n M N H N . R M N H 2109, 96
m m , 2110,96 m m , stuffed specimens.
Lobocheilos falcifer (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1842)
(figs. 8-9)
Lobocheilus falcifer Kuhl & van Hasselt in van Hasselt, 1823c: 1345 (nomen nudum).
Labeo falcifer Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 358 (type locality Buitenzorg).
Labeo hispidus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1842: 356 (type locality Buitenzorg).
Chondrostoma lipocheilos Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844: 400, fig. 513 (type locality Java).
?Barbus hasselti Bleeker, 1857: 355 (type locality Sadingwetan).
?Lobocheilos? (Lobocheilos?) hasselti Bleeker, 1860:146,154 (tentative placement in Lobocheilos).
D r a w i n g s . — I n k o u t l i n e , b y C u v i e r 1824, of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g o r of c o p y o f d r a w i n g of L. falcifer ( X V I C 82); w a t e r c o l o u r c o p y of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g of L. falcifer m a d e i n
L e i d e n b y S o p hi e ; T L 249 m m , S L 185 m m ( X V I C 81); w a t e r c o l o u r c o p y o f o r i g i n a l
d r a w i n g b y V a l e n c i e n n e s , w i t h r e m a r k " c a i q u e c o m m e n c é p a r m o i je n ' a i p a s f i n i
parceque M e l l e S o p hi e e n a fait u n " ; T L 250 m m , S L 188 m m ( X V I C 83); w a t e r c o l o u r
c o p y o f o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g o f L. hispidus b y " M e l l e S o p h i e D . " ; T L 95 m m , S L 74 m m
( X V I C 80).
S p e c i m e n s . — M N H N 3865, 220 m m , ho l o t y p e Labeo falcifer; M N H N 1894, 71.8
m m , h o l o t y p e Chondrostoma lip ocheilos; R M N H 2482, 62.5 m m ; R M N H 2597, 3: 53.5-
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ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
98.0 m m ; R M N H 2614, 217 m (gill rakers 9+31 = 40); R M N H 1800, 156 m m , R M N H
1801, 218 m m , B u i t e n z o r g , R M N H 1802, 199 m m , B u i t e n z o r g , s t u f f e d s p e c i m e n s ;
R M N H 381, 197 m m , skeleton (vertebrae 19+11 = 30); R M N H 384, 242 m m , s k e l e t o n
(vertebrae 19+13 = 32). H o l o t y p e L. hispidus s h o u l d b e i n R M N H .
C o m m e n t s . — U n t i l it is c o n c l u s i v e l y demonstrated th at m o r e t h a n a single species
of Lobocheilos occurs i n the area collected b y K u hl a n d v a n Hasselt, I consider th e n o m i n a l f o r m s listed h ere as conspecific. A s first reviser, I ch oose Lobocheilos falcifer as h a v i n g p r i o r i t y over L. hispidus a n d C. lip ocheilos.
Barbus (or Lobocheilos) hasselti is k n o w n o n l y f r o m a n o r i g i n a l o r a c o p y of a K u h l
a n d v a n Hasselt d r a w i n g obtained b y Bleeker (1857: 355). Bleeker considered th at th e
species w a s n o t a m o n g th ose h e ha d collected. Later, h e referred i t , w i t h q u e s t i o n
m a r k s , to th e genus Lobocheilos, stating "I erected th is species f r o m a sketch , left b y
K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt, since u p u n t i l n o w I d i d n o t succeed i n o b t a i n i n g specimens of
the species. Before n o w I p l a c e d it i n Barbus, ho w e v e r , I a m n o w not strange to the i d e a
that it c o u l d be rather be p l a c e d i n Lobocheilos. Th e figure t h o u g h does not seem to p o s sess th e same exactness w h i c h one u s u a l l y f i n d s i n figures left b y v a n Hasselt." I h a v e
been u n a b l e to f i n d th e o r i g i n a l o r a n y c o p y of this figure. Bleeker's r e m a r k about its
p o o r q u a l i t y suggests it w a s based o n a stuffed specimen. T h e locality S a d i n g w e t a n
( S a d i n g - V e d a n g of Valenciennes) does n o t appear o n any K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t d r a w ings of Lobocheilos seen b y me.
Luctosoma setigerum (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1842)
(fig. 56)
Barbus setigerum Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1842: 203, fig. 469 (type locality rivière Pebak
[sic]).
D r a w i n g s . — P e n c i l d r a w i n g b y Valenciennes of s p e c i m e n i n L e i d e n ; " g r a n d e u r
n a t u r e l l e " T L 221, S L 160 m m ( X V I Β 47); i n k c o p y b y Valenciennes of K u hl a n d v a n
H a s s e l t o r i g i n a l , T L 204 m m , S L 157 m m ( X V I Β 44); i n k c o p y b y S o p hi e 1827 of s a m e
d r a w i n g ; T L 204 m m , S L 157 ( X V I Β 45).
S p e c i m e n s . — H o l o t y p e m i s s i n g ; n o specimens f o u n d i n R M N H o r M N H N .
Macrochirichthys
macrochir (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1844)
(figs. 10,57)
Leuciscus macrochir Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844: 348.
D r a w i n g s . — P e n c i l d r a w i n g of h o l o t y p e b y Valenciennes L e i d e n , l a b e l l e d w i t h
K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t n a m e "Clup ea macrochira"; " 3 / 4 g r a n d e u r n a t u r e l l e " T L 251
m m , S L 215 m m ( X V I I C 31).
S p e c i m e n s . — See c o m m e n t s .
C o m m e n t s . — Valenciennes e x a m i n e d a n d d r e w a single s p e c i m e n (h olotype) i n
L e i d e n . A c c o r d i n g to i n f o r m a t i o n o n d r a w i n g X V I I C 31, ho l o t y p e s h o u l d b e a b o u t
291 m m S L . R M N H 3338, 289 m m , is almost certainly th is s p e c i m e n , a n d th erefore
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
19
the h o l o t y p e . Its l a b e l indicates R e i n w a r d t as collector (specimen i n v e r y g o o d c o n d i t i o n ; g i l l rakers o n first g i l l a r c h 5+27 = 32; a n a l f i n rays iii24; vertebrae 29+20 = 49).
T h i s s p e c i m e n is a t t r i b u t e d to K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t b y Valenciennes; i t m a y h a v e
b e e n s t u d i e d b y t he m , a n d sent w i t h m a t e r i a l th ey collected to L e i d e n .
B l e e k e r expressed d o u b t s about th e i d e n t i t y of Leuciscus macrochir (Bleeker, 1860:
298), p a r t l y because of vagueness i n the o r i g i n a l d e s c r i p t i o n a n d lack o f a n y p u b l i s h e d i l l u s t r a t i o n , b u t also d u e to Valenciennes's report of 90 scales i n lateral series.
V a l e n c i e n n e s ' s p e n c i l d r a w i n g leaves n o d o u b t as to its generic i d e n t i f i c a t i o n . It is
u n c l e a r h o w the c o u n t of 90 o r i g i n a t e d ; p e r ha p s it is a m i s p r i n t . I n the d r a w i n g the
scales are s ho w n o n l y o n the anteriormost a n d p o s t e r i o r m o s t parts of the b o d y , b u t
an estimate of the lateral series ( f r o m b e g i n n i n g of lateral l i n e to e n d o f hy p u r a l fan)
w o u l d b e closer to 120 o r 130.
F o r t u n a t e l y d r a w i n g X V I I C 31 is a c c o m p a n i e d b y a l e n g t h y d e s c r i p t i o n w r i t t e n
b y Valenciennes, i n w hi c h h e states "les écailles sont tres petites; i l y e n a p l u s d e 140
dans l a l o n g u e u r , et p l u s d e trente dans l a hauteur." T h e extensive notes o n the d r a w i n g i n c l u d e s n u m e r a t i o n o f the f i n rays as f o l l o w s . — d o r s a l f i n 8, p e c t o r a l f i n 14,
p e l v i c f i n 7, a n a l f i n 25, c a u d a l f i n 19. T hi s d e s c r i p t i o n bears th e K u hl a n d v a n H a s s e l t
m a n u s c r i p t n a m e "Clup ea macrochira" a n d " V a l . à L e y d e 1822". T h e date 1822 m a y b e
an error, b u t i f the s p e c i m e n i n d e e d w a s collected b y R e i n w a r d t it c o u l d ha v e b e e n i n
L e i d e n b y then. O n the other h a n d , I ha v e n o other evidence th at Valenciennes w a s i n
L e i d e n i n 1822.
O n l y o n e species o f Macrochirichthys is r e c o g n i z e d currently, b u t the g e n u s ha s
n o t b e e n subjected to a c r i t i c a l systematic r e v i s i o n based o n adequate m a t e r i a l f r o m
t h r o u g h o u t its range. T h e s p e c i m e n collected b y R e i n w a r d t appears to b e the o n l y
one r e p o r t e d f r o m Java.
Mystacoleucus marginatus (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1842)
(figs. 11-12)
Barbus marginatus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1842:164 (type locality Tjicanigui).
Barbus obtusirostris Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1842:167 (type locality Buitenzorg).
D r a w i n g s . — Watercolour copy of original d r a w i n g of Barbus marginatus; T L 141 m m ,
S L 106 m m ( X V I Β 14); watercolour c o p y of original d r a w i n g of Barbus obtusirostris; T L
104 m m , S L 80 m m ( X V I Β 15).
S p e c i m e n s . — H o l o t y p e B. marginatus, l e n g t h " n e u f p o u c e s " , p r e s u m a b l y i n
R M N H ; M N H N 4303, 127 m m , B. marginatus ( n o n type); h o l o t y p e B. obtusirostris,
l e n g t h " q u a t r e p o u c e s " p r e s u m a b l y i n R M N H ; R M N H 2102, 90 m m , " r i v . B u i t e n z . " ,
stuffed; R M N H 391, ca 111 m m , i n c o m p l e t e skeleton.
Osteochilus hasselti (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1842)
(figs. 13,14)
Rohita hasselti Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1842: 274 (type locality Java).
Rohita erythrura Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 268 (type locality Java).
?Labiobarbus lipocheilus van Hasselt, 1823c: 132 (nomen nudum).
?Dangila lipocheila in part Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 232 (type locality Java).
20
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y o f o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g of R. erythrura, b y S o p hi e ; T L
212 m m , S L 165 m m ( X V I C 16).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2120, 104 m m , B a n t a m , stuffed ( w i t h o l d l a b e l "Labeobarb.
thysanocheilus")', n o n e i n Paris?
C o m m e n t s . — T h e w a t e r c o l o u r of R. erythrura is quite ch aracteristic o f the species
u s u a l l y k n o w n as O. hasselti. A s first reviser, I select R. hasselti as the senior n a m e .
C o n c e r n i n g L. lipocheilus o r D. lipocheila, see c o m m e n t s u n d e r next species.
Osteochilus microcep halus (Valenciennes i n Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842)
?Labiobarbus lipocheilus van Hasselt, 1823c: 132 (nomen nudum).
Rohita microcephalus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1842: 275 (type locality Bantam).
?Rohita vittata Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 267 (type locality Bantam)
?Dangila lipocheila Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:232 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y o f o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , l a b e l l e d L. lipocheilus M [ i h i =
v a n Hasselt] a n d Dangila lipocheila; T L 69 m m , S L 52 m m ( X V I Β 76).
S p e c i m e n s . — Osteocheilus microcephalus b a s e d o n t w o o r m o r e d r i e d s y n t y p e s
e x a m i n e d b y Valenciennes i n L e i d e n ; R M N H 2115,153 m m , a n d 2116,155 m m , i d e n t i f i e d as s y n t y p e s O. microcephalus b y J . K a r n a s u t a , F e b . 1979; R M N H 2117, B a n t a m ,
140 m m ( w i t h o l d l a b e l "Labeobarb. thysanocheilus"); R M N H 2118, 220 m m , B a n t a m ,
stuffed ( w i t h o l d l a b e l "Labeobarb. thysanocheilus"; l i p s w i t h u n c u l i f e r o u s r i d g e s ch aracteristic o f Osteochilus; scales i n lateral series a b o u t 33, t r a n s d o r s a l 11, transverse
7 / 1 / 3 o r 4; total d o r s a l f i n rays 18).
C o m m e n t s . — T h e w a t e r c o l o u r c o p y of the d r a w i n g o f L. lipocheilus c l e a r l y represents th e j u v e n i l e o f a species of the genus Osteocheilus, p r e s u m a b l y eith er O. hasselti
or O. microcephalus. A s first r e v i s o r I ch oose b o t h th ese species as h a v i n g p r i o r i t y
o v e r D. lip ocheila Valenciennes. Bleeker (1863: 48, p i . 7, f i g . 1) p u b l i s he d a K u h l a n d
v a n H a s s e l t f i g u r e as "Dangila lip ocheilus V a l . ( C o p . v. H a s . ) . " It is u n c l e a r w h e t h e r
this f i g u r e is b a s e d o n a n o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g o r a copy. A s p u b l i s he d b y Bleeker, t he
f i g u r e represents a f u l l y scaled f i s h , w h i l e i n the copies m a d e b y V a l e n c i e n n e s o r
S o p h i e D u v a u c e l th e f i s h is o n l y p a r t i a l l y scaled. P o s s i b l y th e artist o r e n g r a v e r w a s
i n s t r u c t e d to f i l l i n the rest o f the scales, b u t m o r e l i k e l y th e f i g u r e w a s e n g r a v e d
f r o m a f u l l y scaled o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g that is n o w m i s s i n g .
Oxygaster anomalura v a n H a s s e l t , 1823
(fig. 15)
Oxygaster anomalura van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 (type locality Java).
Cyprinus oxygaster Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844: 349 (type locality Batavia)
D r a w i n g s . — Watercolour c o p y of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g ; T L 112 m m , S L 86 m m ( X V I I C
33); p e n c i l c o p y b y C u v i e r of d r a w i n g of ho l o t y p e d o n e b y Valenciennes i n L e i d e n ,
labelled "Leuciscus oxygaster" w i t h extensive notes i n C u v i e r ' s ha n d w r i t i n g ; " g r a n d e u r
n a t u r e l l e " T L 100 m m , S L 72 m m ( X V I I C 32).
S p e c i m e n s . — H o l o t y p e s h o u l d be i n L e i d e n , b u t is m i s s i n g a n d p r e s u m e d lost.
P r o b a b l y n o n e i n P a r i s (see comments).
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
21
C o m m e n t s . — M N H N B . 94, 108 m m , "Java; M u s é e d e L e y d e " [n o other data],
clearly is no t the h o l o t y p e , b u t m i g h t h a v e b e e n collected b y K u h l a n d v a nH a s s e l t .
Puntius binotatus (Valen cien n es i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1842)
(fig. 16)
Barbus maculatus Kuhl & van Hasselt in van Hasselt, 1823c: 132 (nomen nudum).
Barbus binotatus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:168 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y of o r i g i na l d r a w i n g of B. maculatus; T L 76 m m , S L
58 m m ( X V I Β 36).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2455, 3: 40.5-95.1 m m ( w i t h m a n u s c r i p t n a m e "Barbus
striatus"); no ne i n P a r i s .
Puntius bramoides (Valen cien n es i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1842)
(fig-17)
Barbus bramoides Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:160 (type locality Java).
Barbus hypseconotus van Hasselt, 1823c: 132 (nomen nudum).
Barbus hypsylonotus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:168 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y o f o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g o f B. hypsylonotus; T L 106
m m , S L 81 m m ( X V I Β 16).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 1769, 83 m m , R M N H 1770, 190 m m , R M N H 1954, 170 m m ,
stuffed s p e c i m e n s ; n o n e i n P a r i s .
Puntius latenstriga (Valen cien n es i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1842)
(fig. 18)
Barbus latenstriga Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1842:161 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y b y S o p h i e of o r i g i na l d r a w i n g ; T L 82 m m , S L 63
m m ( X V I Β 12).
S p e c i m e n s . — M N H N A.9939, 70.0 m m , h o l o t y p e .
Puntius orphoides (Valen cien n es i n C u v i e r & V a l e nc i e nne s , 1842)
(figs. 19,58)
Warbus gardonides (partim) Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1842: 158 (only specimen[s] from
Java).
Barbus orphoides Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:193 (type locality Java).
Barbus rubripinnis Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:194 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — P e n c i l d r a w i n g o f h o l o t y p e o f Barbus orphoides b y V a l e n c i e n n e s
L e i d e n 1824; T L 275 m m , S L 220 m m ( X V I Β 35); w a t e r c o l o u r c o p y of o r i g i na l d r a w -
22
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
i n g of Barbus rubrip innis; T L 106 m m , S L 85 m m ( X V I Β 34).
Specimens.— N o n e i n Paris.
Rasbora lateristriata Bleeker, 1854
(fig. 20)
Barbus leuciscus Cuv. lateris triatus Kuhl & van Hasselt in van Hasselt, 1823c: 132 (Buitenzorg) (nomen
nudum).
Leuciscus lateristriatus Bleeker, 1854: 94 (based on Kuhl & van Hasselt drawing).
Rasbora lateristnataBleeker, 1860: 441.
D r a w i n g . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y b y V a l e n c i e n n e s o r S o p hi e o f o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g ,
l a b e l l e d "Leuciscus lateristriatus (nobis)"; T L 106 m m , S L 81 m m ( X V I I C 139).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2636,62.5 m m (very s t r o n g m a n d i b u l a r k n o b ; g i l l rakers o n
first g i l l a r c h 2+10 = 12; scales i n lateral series 26); R M N H 1870, 89 m m , s t u f f e d ( w i t h
label "Leuciscus lateristriatus") n o n e i n P a r i s .
Tor tambra (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1842)
(figs. 21-24)
Barbus tambra Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:190 (type locality Buitenzorg).
Barbus douronensis Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1842:187 (type locality Java).
Barbus soro Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:191 (type locality Bantam).
D r a w i n g s . — P a r t i a l l y c o m p l e t e d watercolour c o p y of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g of B. tambra; T L 407 m m , S L 320 m m ( X V I Β 29); p e n c i l c o p y o f a d r a w i n g b y V a l e n c i e n n e s
L e i d e n 1824, labelled "Barbus anisurus" a n d " T a m b r a à J a v a " ; " 1 / 3 g r a n d e u r n a t u r e l l e "
T L 228 m m , S L 185 m m ; watercolor c o p y of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g of B. soro; T L 175 m m , S L
135 m m ( X V I Β 30); p e n c i l c o p y b y Valenciennes of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g b y Valenciennes
L e i d e n 1824; T L 235, S L 190 m m ( X V I Β 31).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2289, 525 m m , h o l o t y p e B. tambra, stuffed ( w i t h e a r l y l a b e l
"Barbus anisurus"; excellent c o n d i t i o n ; m e n t u m present; scales i n l a t e r a l series 2 1 ,
p r e d o r s a l 10, t r a n s d o r s a l 7, transverse 4 / 1 / 2 ) ; M N H N 3826, 93.4 m m , ho l o t y p e B .
douronensis ( g i l l r a k e r s o n first g i l l a r c h 4+15 = 19; vertebrae 25+15 = 40); R M N H
2618,108 m m ( m e n t u m r u d i m e n t a r y o r absent; g i l l rakers 6+12 = 18; scales i n lateral
series 22, t r a n s d o r s a l 7, transverse 5 / 1 / 3 ; vertebrae 25+14 = 39); R M N H 2620, 99.1
m m ( g i l l rakers 7+15 = 22; vertebrae 25+14 = 39). R M N H 2104,105 m m , B a n t a m (prev i o u s l y i d e n t i f i e d as Barbus laevis); R M N H 2620, 99.1 m m ( p r e v i o u s l y i d e n t i f i e d as
Labeobarbus tambroides; g i l l rakers 7+15 = 22; scales i n lateral series 23, t r a n s d o r s a l 7,
transverse 5 / 1 / 2 ; vertebrae 25+14 = 39); R M N H 367, 206 m m , s k e l e t o n (prev. i d . B.
soro; vertebrae 26+12 = 38); R M N H 387, 362 m m , skeleton (prev. i d . B. soro; g i l l rakers
?5+?16 = ?21; vertebrae 24+15 = 39).
C o m m e n t s . — M y e x a m i n a t i o n o f K u hl a n d v a n H a s s e l t , Bleeker, a n d other mater i a l i n d i c a t e s th at th ere i s o n l y a s i n g l e species o f Tor i n w e s t e r n J a v a , T. tambra.
R u d i m e n t a r y to greatly h y p e r t r o p h i e d t hi c k e n i n g of the l i p s a n d d e v e l o p m e n t of the
m e d i a n m e n t u m a n d r o s t r a l h o o d ( a n a p p e n d a g e o f the r o s t r a l cap) a p p a r e n t l y i s
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
23
d u e to i n d i v i d u a l (perhaps ecophenotypical) v a r i a t i o n .
T h e s p e c i m e n here i n d i c a t e d as h o l o t y p e of B. tambra m i g h t h a v e s e r v e d as the
basis f o r t h e o r i g i n a l K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t d r a w i n g r e p r e s e n t e d b y t h e p a r t i a l l y
w a t e r c o l o r e d c o p y i n P a r i s . There is n o d o u b t that i t is the large stuffed s p e c i m e n
u p o n w h i c h the o r i g i n a l d e s c r i p t i o n o f B. tambra b y Valenciennes is b a s e d , a n d that i t
is therefore the h o l o t y p e .
Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) s u p p o s e d l y d i f f e r s f r o m T. tambra i n h a v i n g a
l o n g e r m e n t a l lobe (Weber & d e Beaufort, 1916: 148). I h a v e m a d e a direct c o m p a r i s o n w i t h the h o l o t y p e of T. tambra a n d s y n t y p e s of T. tambroides a n d c o n c l u d e that
the e n l a r g e m e n t of the m e n t a l lobes, rostral, a n d l a b i a l flaps is s i m i l a r , p r o v i d e d the
d r y c o n d i t i o n of the h o l o t y p e is t a k e n i n t o account. Specimens p r e v i o u s l y i d e n t i f i e d
as T. tambra, T. douronensis, a n d T. tambroides, i n c l u d i n g a range of sizes, h a v e s i m i l a r
counts o f g i l l rakers, scales a n d vertebrae. T h e h o l o t y p e o f B . soro h a s n o t b e e n locate d a n d m a y b e lost.
COBITIDAE
Acantopsis dialuzona v a n H a s s e l t , 1823
(figs. 25,59)
Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 (type locality Batavia).
Acanthopsis biaculeatus Rüppell, 1852:28 (nomen nudum; name A. biaculeatus ascribed to Kuhl).
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y b y Valenciennes L e i d e n 1824 of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g ,
w i t h K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t m a n u s c r i p t n a m e "Acantopsis dialyzona" c o r r e c t e d t o
"Acanthopsis dialyzona" i n Valenciennes's h a n d w r i t i n g ; T L 138 m m , S L 114 m m (XVIII
44); u n p u b l i s h e d d r a w i n g b y Werner, w i t h label "Cobitis biaculatus [sic]"; " g r a n d e u r
n a t u r e l l e " T L 118 m m , S L 98 m m ( X V I I I 4 3 ) .
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2707, 97.1 m m , h o l o t y p e o r s y n t y p e (see c o m m e n t b e l o w ;
vertebrae 30+14 = 44); n o n e i n P a r i s .
C o m m e n t s . — R M N H 2707 is almost certainly the s p e c i m e n illustrated b y Werner,
a n d c o u l d h a v e been the s p e c i m e n i n the o r i g i n a l K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt d r a w i n g ; it
m i g h t b e the o n l y o n e they collected.
A l t h o u g h Valenciennes e x a m i n e d the holotype i n L e i d e n , m a d e a watercolour c o p y
of v a n Hasselt's o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , a n d h a d a d r a w i n g of the h o l o t y p e b y Werner, n o
account of the species appears i n the H i s t o i r e naturelle des Poissons. W h i l e the names
"Acantopsis" a n d "Acantopsis dialuzona" w e r e m a d e available b y v a n H a s s e l t , 1823c
(Kottelat, 1987: 373; Eschmeyer, 1990: 11), the o r i g i n a l d e s c r i p t i o n barely satisfies the
m i n i m a l requirements of I C Z N , a n d n o adequate description of the type m a t e r i a l of A.
dialuzona o r of any Javanese Acantopsis has been p u b l i s h e d .
It is t h u s o f v a l u e to i n c l u d e here a p r e v i o u s l y u n p u b l i s h e d m a n u s c r i p t d e s c r i p t i o n o f v a n H a s s e l t ' s m a t e r i a l , p r e p a r e d b y Valenciennes f o r the H i s t o i r e n a t u r e l l e
des P o i s s o n s w h i l e the m a t e r i a l w a s still r e l a t i v e l y fresh ( B i b l . Centr. M s 516). T h e
d e s c r i p t i o n , u n d e r the h e a d i n g "Cobitis biaculeata K . H . " , i n c l u d e s i n f o r m a t i o n espec i a l l y o n c o l o r a t i o n n o t r e a d i l y e v i d e n t f r o m the d r a w i n g s :
"Cobitis a corps et a tete comprimées, mais museau encore plus pointu qu'aux Cobitis ordinaires.
Hauteur huitième de la longueur; la tete le cinquième de la même longueur; les yeux tres en
24
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
arrière sur le sommet de la tete se touchant presque; en avant d'eux 2 aiguillons assez pointus.
Bouche tres petite, a barbillons tres courts a peine visibles. Dorsale au milieu du corps non com
prise la caudale. Pectorale long ue et pointue sous la gorge. Ventrales sous la dorsale mediocres.
Anale tres en arrière, près de la caudale; celle ci grande et echancrée. Couleur rougeatre sur le
dos, blanche sous le ventre, une raye g rise métallique le long de flancs, et sur cette raye huit a
neuf taches oblongues grises plus foncées. Caudale gris verdatre nuag ée de gris, et un point noir
a sa base superieure. D 11 Ρ 10 V 7 A 6 C 15. Long. 4 [pouces?] 6 lig. [ = 123 mm?]."
P a r t i c u l a r l y n o t e w o r t h y is th e report of eigh t o r n i n e obscure d a r k g r e y spots;
these are n o t s ho w n i n the watercolour, e v i d e n t l y based o n a fresh s p e c i m e n . I n s o m e
s p e c i m e n s of Acantopsis s u c h spots m a y be m u c h m o r e e v i d e n t after p r e s e r v a t i o n .
F i n a l l y , it is of considerable interest to note th at Bleeker o b t a i n e d a c o p y of a n
o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g left b y v a n H a s s e l t i n Java (Bleeker, 1860: 68). T h e present l o c a t i o n
of th is c o p y is u n k n o w n , b u t it w a s p r o b a b l y based u p o n th e same o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g
as th e c o p y b y V a l e n c i e n n e s ( X V I I 4 4 ) . — T he l e n g t h of 136 m m g i v e n b y B l e e k e r
agrees closely w i t h th e total l e n g t h of 138 m m f o r the Valenciennes copy.
Homaloptera
ocellata v a n d e r H o e v e n , 1830
(figs. 26,60)
Homaloptera javanica van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 (nomen nudum).
Homaloptera ocellata van der Hoeven, 1830: 211 (text only; type locality Java); van der Hoeven, 1833: 8,
pl. 13, fig. 12.
Balitora erythrorhina Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 93, pi. 524 (type locality environs de
Buitenzorg).
Balitora pavonina Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 97 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , l a b e l l e d "Homalop tera javanica M . " a n d "Homaloptera erythrina"; T L 64 m m , S L 50 m m ( X V I I I 5 8 ) .
S p e c i m e n s — R M N H 2723, 113 m m , l a b e l l e d h o l o t y p e H. ocellata ( v e r t e b r a e
19+13 = 32); M N H N 3121, 3: 59.2-101 m m , s y n t y p e s B. erythrorhina; M N H N 3123,
83.4 m m , h o l o t y p e B. pavonina.
C o m m e n t s . — T h e g e n u s Homalop tera is c r e d i t e d to v a n H a s s e l t (1823) w i t h H.
ocellata v a n d e r . H o e v e n , as t y p e species b y subsequent m o n o t y p y (Esch meyer, 1990).
T h e p u b l i c a t i o n of v a n d e r H o e v e n (1830; 1833) is rare, a n d m o s t a u t h o r s d e a l i n g
w i t h Homalop tera ocellata h a v e b e e n u n a b l e to c o n s u l t i t (e.g. R o b e r t s , 1989: 88;
E s c h m e y e r , 1990). I ha v e n o w e x a m i n e d a complete c o p y of the w o r k i n the l i b r a r y of
R M N H , a n d f i n d th at th e text w a s i s s u e d i n t w o parts; th at c o n t a i n i n g th e o r i g i n a l
d e s c r i p t i o n of H. ocellata w a s i s s u e d i n 1830, n o t 1833, as u s u a l l y c i t e d . T h e A t l a s ,
p u b l i s h e d i n 1833, i n c l u d e s a figure w h i c h h as n o t been c i t e d . Since th e w o r k is so
rare, th e f i g u r e ( d r a w n b y v a n d e r H o e v e n ) is r e p r o d u c e d a n d the f u l l text of v a n d e r
H o e v e n (1830: 211) m a y be cited h ere:
"Homaloptera van Hass. Corpus elongatum, squamis parvis tectum. Caput parvum, nudum, ore
infero, parvo, edentulo, cirris 6. Oculi parvi in superiori capitis parte siti. Membrana branchiostega
radiis 3. Pinnae pectorales magnae, complanatae. Pinna dorsali supra ventrales posita.
Sp. Homaloptera ocellata, eene nieuwe soort van Java. Dit geslacht staat, zoo als het schijnt, tusschen
Cobitis en Cyprinus in het midden. De staartvin is gevorkt, en niet afgeknot, zoo als bij Cobitis ."
T h e f i g u r e l e g e n d ( v a n d e r H o e v e n , 1833: 8) credits th e species to v a n H a s s e l t ,
b u t it appears th at th e text w a s w r i t t e n or at least c o n s i d e r a b l y a b r i d g e d a n d oth er-
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
25
w i s e m o d i f i e d b y v a n d e r H o e v e n , so i t is correct to cite h i m as a u t h o r o f the species.
T h e s p e c i m e n i n d i c a t e d as h o l o t y p e ( R M N H 2723) appears to b e the o n e u p o n w h i c h
f i g u r e 12 i n v a n d e r H o e v e n (1833) is b a s e d .
Homaloptera wassinki Bleeker, 1853
(fig-27)
?Homaloptera fasciata van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 (nomen nudum).
Balitora ocellata [nec van der Hoeven, 1830] Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 96 (type
locality Buitenzorg).
Homaloptera valenciennesi Bleeker, 1860: 95 (replacement name for Balitora ocellata Valenciennes in
Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846).
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r e d c o p y b y Valenciennes L e i d e n 1824 o f o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , l a b e l l e d "Homaloptera fasciata n o b . [ = K u h l & v a n H a s s e l t ] " a n d "Homaloptera
ocellata K . v . H . " ; T L 56 m m , S L 45 m m (XVIÏÏ 58).
S p e c i m e n s . — M N H N 3122,59.3 m m , h o l o t y p e B. ocellata Valenciennes.
Lepidocephalichthys
hasselti (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & V a l e n c i e n n e s , 1846)
(fig. 28)
Cobitis octocirrhus Kuhl & van Hasselt in van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 (nomen nudum).
Cobitis hasselti Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 74 (type locality rivière Tjelakakan).
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y b y Valenciennes? d a t e d " L e y d e 1827" o f o r i g i n a l
d r a w i n g , l a b e l l e d "Cobitis hasselti" a n d "rivière T j e l a n k a h a n e " ; T L 43 m m , S L 36 m m
(XVffl52).
S p e c i m e n s . — N o n e f o u n d ; h o l o t y p e lost (Roberts, 1889:103-4).
C o m m e n t s . — T h e m a n u s c r i p t n a m e "Acanthophthalmus unistriatus M i h i [ v a n H a s selt]" m a y refer to this species.
Nemacheilus chrysolaimos (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & V a l e n c i e n n e s , 1846)
(fig. 29)
Noemacheilus fasciatus Kuhl & van Hasselt in van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 (Buitenzorg) (partim; nomen
nudum).
Cobitis chrysolaimos Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 27, fig. 521 (type locality Java).
Noemacheilus chrysolaimos Kottelat, 1984: 241, figs. 14a, 15 (description; designation of lectotype).
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g of Nemacheilus fasciatus o r C.
chrysolaimos, l a b e l l e d "Noemacheilus fasciatus K u h l & v a n H a s s e l t " ; T L 86 m m , S L 60
m m (XVm 20).
S p e c i m e n s . — M N H N 3961, 47.1 m m , lectotype C. chrysolaimos; M N H N B.2972,
41.1 m m , p a r a l e c t o t y p e C. chrysolaimos.
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ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Nemacheilus fasciatus (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1846)
Noemacheilus fasciatus Kuhl & van Hasselt in van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 (Buitenzorg) (partim; nomen
nudum).
Cobitis fasciata Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 25 (type locality Buitenzorg).
Noemacheilus fasciatus Kottelat, 1984: 247, fig. 18a.
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s — M N H N B.2798, lectotype C. fasciata.
Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1846)
(fig. 30)
Acantophthalmus fasciatus van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 (nomen nudum).
Cobitis kuhlii Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 77 (type locality ruisseaux des environs de
Batavia).
D r a w i n g s . — Watercolour c o p y b y Sophie(?) of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g of Acantophthalmus
fasciatus, labelled "Acanthophthalmus fasciatus" a n d "Cobitis kuhlii"; T L 56 m m , S L 49 m m
(XVm56).
S p e c i m e n s . — N o n e i n P a r i s o r L e i d e n (see also B u r r i d g e , 1992:181).
C o m m e n t s . — T h e w a t e r c o l o u r c o p y of K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt's o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g
does n o t represent the species u s u a l l y identified as Pangio (formerly Acanthophthalmus)
kuhli, b u t rather that u s u a l l y i d e n t i f i e d as Pangio (formerly Acanthophthalmus) semicinctus Fraser-Brunner 1940 (personal c o m m . M . Kottelat). T h e earliest available n a m e
for the species e r r o n e o u s l y i d e n t i f i e d as P. kuhlii a p p a r e n t l y is Acanthophthalmus (=
Pangio) fasciatus Bleeker 1860.
In a r e v i s i o n of the "Acanthophthalmus kuhlii c o m p l e x " , B u r r i d g e (1992) m a y h a v e
l u m p e d s e v e r a l v a l i d species together u n d e r A. kuhlii. H e r h y p o t h e s i s of v a r i a t i o n of
c o l o u r patterns w i t h i n a single w i d e l y r a n g i n g species m a y b e w o r t h p u r s u i n g . It is
u n f o r t u n a t e that h e r m e r i s t i c data f o r o v e r 200 "A. kuhlii" f r o m different localities
a n d w i t h different c o l o u r patterns w e r e also l u m p e d together ( B u r r i d g e , 1992, tables
2-3).
B u r r i d g e d e s i g n a t e d (but d i d n o t describe) a n e o t y p e f o r A. kuhlii, R M N H 2688,
collected i n Java b y S a l o m o n Müller b e t w e e n 1826 a n d 1836 ( B u r r i d g e , 1992:181-2).
Pangio oblongus (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1846)
(fig. 31)
Acantophthalmus javanicus van Hasselt in Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 (nomen nudum).
Cobitis oblonga Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 76 (type locality "environs de Buitenzorg
et des autres rivières").
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y b y Sophie(?) of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , l a b e l l e d Cobitis
oblongus; T L 70 m m , S L 61 m m (XVIII 54).
Specimens.— None.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
27
BAGRIDAE
Leiocassis p oecilop terus (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1840)
(fig. 32)
Bagrus poecilopterus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840a: 431 (type locality "rivière de Hèbak
[ = Lebak] à Java").
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y b y Valenciennes 1827 of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g ; T L 129
m m , S L 150 m m ( X I V Β 129); w a t e r c o l o u r c o p y b y S o p hi e of same o r i g i n a l ; T L 129
m m , S L 150 m m ( X I V Β 128).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 3004,152 m m , ho l o t y p e ; n o n e i n P a r i s .
C o m m e n t s . — Leiocassis p oecilop terus (Valenciennes 1840), as clearly e v i d e n t f r o m
the w a t e r c o l o u r copies of K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt's d r a w i n g , is the c o m m o n , d i s t i n c t i v e l y l o n g - s n o u t e d species of Leiocassis w i d e l y d i s t r i b u t e d i n I n d o n e s i a a n d t h e
M a l a y p e n i n s u l a u s u a l l y r e f e r r e d t o as Leiocassis micropogon (Bleeker, 1852) (see
Roberts, 1989: 117). I h a v e e x a m i n e d th e Bleeker m a t e r i a l of L. microp ogon ( R M N H
6873,2:140-164 m m ) a n d c o n c l u d e th at it is conspecific w i t h L. poecilopterus.
I n Roberts (1989: 117) I tentatively p l a c e d th e f o l l o w i n g n o m i n a l species as s y n o n y m s of L. micropogon ( n o w identified as L. poecilopterus): L. baramensis R e g a n , 1906; L.
hosii R e g a n , 1906; L. merabensis Regan, 1913; L. doriae Regan, 1913; L. chaseni d e Beaufort,
1933; a n d L. regani Jayaram, 1965. W i t h th e exception of L. chaseni f r o m M a l a y p e n i n s u l a ,
all of these n o m i n a ha d been described f r o m Borneo (mainly N o r t h Borneo). A t the time
I h a d e x a m i n e d th e t y p e specimens of a l l b u t the last t w o n a m e d , L. chaseni a n d L.
regani.
D u r i n g a v i s i t t o t he Z o o l o g i c a l R e s e a r c h C o l l e c t i o n s ( Z R C S ) o f t he N a t i o n a l
U n i v e r s i t y of S i n g a p o r e i n F e b r u a r y 1992, I e x a m i n e d t h e ho l o t y p e of L. chaseni
( Z R C S 290, about 67 m m , U l u Jelai, P a h a n g , F e b . 1910, A . D . M a c ha d o ) . T h e s p e c i m e n , o r i g i n a l l y c a t a l o g u e d as Raffles M u s e u m F.245, is i n v e r y p o o r c o n d i t i o n , w i t h
the t a i l rotted away. T h e snout is elongate; total g i l l rakers o n first g i l l a r c h 17. It is
i d e n t i f i a b l e w i t hL.poecilopterus.
Leiocassis stenomus (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1840)
(fig. 61)
Bagrus stenomus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840a: 415 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — U n p u b l i s he d printer's proof of Werner d r a w i n g of holotype; " g r a n d e u r
naturelle" T L 103 m m , S L 75 m m (XIV Β 106).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2986, 71.6 m m , h o l o t y p e ( g i l l rakers 3+7 = 10; v e r t e b r a e
18+21 = 39); n o n e i n P a r i s .
C o m m e n t s . — Leiocassis stenomus e v i d e n t l y is a rare species, p e r h a p s k n o w n o n l y
f r o m th e ho l o t y p e collected b y K u hl a n d v a n Hasselt.
28
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Mystus gulio ( H a m i l t o n , 1822)
(fig. 62)
Bagrus abbreviatus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840a: 420 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — U n p u b l i s h e d e n g r a v i n g of W e r n e r d r a w i n g , p r e s u m a b l y o f h o l o t y p e of B. abbreviatus ( w i t h m a n u s c r i p t n a m e Pimelodus abbreviatus); " 4 / 5 d e l a n a t . "
T L 140 m m , S L 115 m m ( X I V Β 113).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2942, 136 m m , h o l o t y p e B. abbreviatus ( m a x i l l a r y b a r b e l
e x t e n d i n g p o s t e r i o r l y to a n a l f i n o r i g i n ; g i l l rakers 9+31 = 40; vertebrae 18+18 = 36);
none i n Paris.
Mystus macronema (Bleeker, 1846)
Bagrus cavasius in part Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840a: 411 (partim; only the Kuhl and
van Hasselt specimens from Java).
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2953, 76.1 m m (gill rakers 6+16 = 22); R M N H 2951,169 m m
(gill rakers 6+16 = 22; vertebrae 21+21 = 42); n o n e i n P a r i s .
C o m m e n t s . — A l t h o u g h Valenciennes m e n t i o n e d K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t m a t e r i a l
of B. cavasius, I f i n d n o trace of d r a w i n g s o r specimens u n d e r th at n a m e i n L e i d e n o r
P a r i s . W e r n e r ' s i l l u s t r a t i o n of th e h o l o t y p e o f M. nigricep s, c l e a r l y represents t h e
species u s u a l l y i d e n t i f i e d as Mystus micracanthus (Bleeker, 1846), a n d n o t the I n d o M a l a y s i a n species M. macronema, w h i c h is closely related to M. cavasius.
Mystus nemurus (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1840)
(fig. 63)
Bagrus nemurus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840a: 423 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — U n p u b l i s he d Werner d r a w i n g w i t h K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt m a n u s c r i p t
n a m e of Pimelodus nemurus; " 1 / 3 larg. nat." T L 144 m m , S L 112 m m ( X I V Β 119).
S p e c i m e n s . — H o l o t y p e B. nemurus, " l o n g u e u r q u i n z e pouces [406 m m ] " , s h o u l d
b e i n L e i d e n ; R M N H 2 6 9 , 174 m m , s k e l e t o n ( w i t h m a n u s c r i p t n a m e
"Bagrus
tetragonocephalus v . H . " ; g i l l rakers 4+12 = 16; vertebrae 22+21 = 44); n o n e i n P a r i s .
C o m m e n t s . — Valenciennes's d e s c r i p t i o n of B. nemurus c o n c l u d e s w i t h th e statem e n t " l a l o n g u e u r d e l ' i n d i v i d u est d e q u i n z e p o u c e s [406 m m ] " , a n d there i s n o
i n d i c a t i o n th at h e e x a m i n e d m o r e t h a n th e o n e s p e c i m e n i n d e s c r i b i n g th e species.
T h u s th is s p e c i m e n is the ho l o t y p e , a n d th e s p e c i m e n d r a w n b y W e r n e r h a s n o t y p e
status. I h a v e b e e n u n a b l e to locate a n y K u hl a n d v a n H a s s e l t s p e c i m e n of Mystus
w i t h a total l e n g t h of 406 m m . T h e closest to this is the ho l o t y p e of B. anisurus, w i t h a
total l e n g t h of 384 m m . T h i s s p e c i m e n is i d e n t i f i e d b y m e as M. planiceps (see b e l o w ) .
P o s s i b l y V a l e n c i e n n e s u s e d th e same s p e c i m e n as ho l o t y p e of B. anisurus a n d also as
h o l o t y p e o f B. nemurus. I ha v e n o t b e e n able to locate the s p e c i m e n d r a w n b y Werner.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
29
Mystus nemurus as presently u n d e r s t o o d ( S m i t h , 1945; Roberts, 1989) is the c o m m o n e s t a n d best k n o w n species of b a g r i d catfish i n Southeast A s i a , a n d i t w o u l d b e
h i g h l y desirable to f i x its t y p e status. M o s t of the K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t m a t e r i a l f r o m
w e s t e r n J a v a , h o w e v e r , seem to be a different species, th e one k n o w n as M. p lanicep s,
also b a s e d o n their m a t e r i a l . T h e o n l y K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t s p e c i m e n f o u n d th at
c o r r e s p o n d s w i t h th e present concept of M. nemurus is R M N H 269, a s k e l e t o n . T he
skeleton is n o t i n excellent c o n d i t i o n , so that w h i l e th e g i l l raker c o u n t of 4+12 = 16 is
r e l i a b l e , t h e v e r t e b r a l c o l u m n h a s b e e n e x t e n s i v e l y r e p a i r e d so th at t h e c o u n t of
22+22 = 44 v e r t e b r a e m a y n o t b e r e l i a b l e . A t p r e s e n t I c a n n o t c o n f i r m t h a t t h e
w i d e s p r e a d South east A s i a n species c o m m o n l y i d e n t i f i e d as M. nemurus is present i n
the extant K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t m a t e r i a l . I n L e i d e n I f i n d o n l y o n e other l o t f r o m
Java th at c o r r e s p o n d s to M. nemurus as c u r r e n t l y u n d e r s t o o d : R M N H 2940, 2: 110125 m m , K r a w a n g , S. Müller ( b o d y r e l a t i v e l y short; m a x i l l a r y barbels e x t e n d i n g p o s t e r i o r l y to a n a l f i n o r i g i n or b e y o n d ; g i l l rakers 5+10-12 = 15-17).
Mystus nigricep s Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1840
(fig. 64)
Bagrus nigriceps Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840a: 412 (type locality Java).
Bagrus keletius Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840a: 411 412 (partim; specimen[s] from Java
only).
D r a w i n g s . — U n p u b l i s h e d d r a w i n g of h o l o t y p e b y W e r n e r w i t h K u h l a n d v a n
H a s s e l t m a n u s c r i p t n a m e Pimelodus nigriceps; " g r a n d e u r n a t u r e l l e " T L 122 m m , S L 96
m m ( X I V Β 97).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 3009, 99.1 m m , n e o t y p e B. nigriceps b y present d e s i g n a t i o n
( p o s s i b l e h o l o t y p e B. nigricep s); ( g i l l r a k e r s 9+30 = 39); R M N H 2963, 93.4 m m ,
M N H N 4369, 77.2 m m , s y n t y p e B. keletius (adipose f i n l o n g ; g i l l rakers 8+25 = 33;
vertebrae 20+18 = 38; see Roberts, 1989: 121-124, tables 6, 8); R M N H 2948, 119 m m
( m a x i l l a r y b a r b e l e x t e n d i n g p o s t e r i o r l y to c a u d a l f i n base; g i l l rakers o n first g i l l a r c h
8+31 = 39).
C o m m e n t s . — Valenciennes's o r i g i n a l d e s c r i p t i o n a n d W e r n e r ' s u n p u b l i s h e d f i g ure of the ho l o t y p e are clearly b a s e d o n the species k n o w n as Mystus micracanthus
Bleeker, 1846, w hi c h th erefore m u s t be p l a c e d as a j u n i o r s y n o n y m of M. nigriceps
V a l e n c i e n n e s , 1840. O f the K u hl a n d v a n H a s s e l t specimens of M. nigricep s, R M N H
3009 seems m o s t l i k e l y to ha v e been th e one d r a w n b y Werner.
T h e o r i g i n a l d e s c r i p t i o n of Bagrus keletius is b a s e d m a i n l y o n m a t e r i a l f r o m
P o n d i c h e r y (India) n o t c o n s p e c i f i c w i t h M. nigricep s. A l t ho u g h V a l e n c i e n n e s i n d i cates t h a t h e h a d m o r e t h a n o n e s p e c i m e n f r o m P o n d i c h e r y ("les i n d i v i d u s d e
Pondichéry..."), th ere is n o w o n l y a single s y n t y p e f r o m th at locality, M N H N A . 9 0 1 1 ,
84.0 m m (adipose f i n sh ort; g i l l rakers o n first g i l l a r c h 8+26 = 34; vertebrae 18+17 =
35). It b e l o n g s to a s m a l l g r o u p of species t y p i c a l l y f o u n d i n estuaries a n d i n b r a c k i s h
or t i d a l r i v e r i n e habitats i n c l u d i n g Mystus gulio H a m i l t o n , 1822.
30
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Mystus p lanicep s (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1840)
(figs. 65,66)
Bagrus planiceps Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840a: 421 (type locality Java).
Bagrus anisurus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840a: 422 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — U n p u b l i s h e d e n g r a v i n g of W e r n e r d r a w i n g of ho l o t y p e ; " 3 / 5 d e l a
n a t . " T L 136 m m , S L 112 m m ( X I V Β 114); i n k t r a c i n g o f o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g o f
Pimelodus anisurus b y Valenciennes L e i d e n 1827; T L 373 m m , S L 285 m m ( X I V Β 116);
i n k t r a c i n g b y S o p hi e of same o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g ; T L 372 m m , S L 282 m m ( X I V Β 117);
u n p u b l i s h e d d r a w i n g b y W e r n e r of P. anisurus; " 1 / 3 d e l a n a t u r e " T L 122 m m , S L 93
m m ( X I V Β 115).
S p e c i m e n s . — M N H N B.615,102 m m , h o l o t y p e B. planiceps (gill rakers 5+12 = 17;
vertebrae 24+23 = 47); R M N H 2956, 286 m m , h o l o t y p e B. anisurus (gill rakers 4+14 =
18; vertebrae 24+23 = 47); R M N H 2939, 181 m m ( m a x i l l a r y b a r b e l v e r y sh ort, e x t e n d i n g p o s t e r i o r l y s l i g h t l y b e y o n d pectoral f i n ; g i l l rakers 5+12 = 17; vertebrae 24+24 =
48); R M N H 2941,161 m m ( m a x i l l a r y b a r b e l extends to m i d d l e of p e l v i c f i n s ; g i l l rakers 5+12 = 17; vertebrae 24+24 = 48); R M N H 2957, 87.5 m m ( g i l l rakers 4+13 = 17;
v e r t e b r a e 25 o r 26+22 = 47 o r 48); R M N H 2958, 102 m m ( g i l l r a k e r s 4+13 = 17);
R M N H 2959,168 m m (gill rakers 5+13 = 18; vertebrae 24+23 = 47); R M N H 2962, 62.6
m m ( g i l l rakers 3+12 = 15; vertebrae 24+23 = 47).
C o m m e n t s . — Mystus p lanicep s is v e r y s i m i l a r to M. nemurus b u t is d i s t i n g u i s he d
b y its m o r e elongate b o d y ( w i t h s l i g h t l y m o r e vertebrae) a n d shorter barbels. It m a y
also lack th e t hi n d a r k m i d a x i a l streak diagnostic of M. nemurus, b u t this cannot b e
v e r i f i e d o n m a n y s p e c i m e n s th at are o l d a n d p o o r l y p r e s e r v e d . G i l l rakers are slightl y m o r e n u m e r o u s i n M. planiceps.
Mystus wyckii (Bleeker, 1858)
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2964,200 m m .
C o m m e n t s . — A l t h o u g h K u hl a n d v a n Hasselt apparently d i d not have a m a n u s c r i p t
name for Mystus wyckii, they evidently recognized it as a n e w species, for v a n Hasselt
mentions a Bagrus w i t h "caudalis supra et infra albomarginata", f r o m "Tjikande i n f l u mine Tjidourcan".
CLARIIDAE
Clarias cf batrachus L i n n a e u s , 1758
(fig. 67)
Clariaspunctatus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 384 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — A n a t o m i c a l d r a w i n g (by Keultjes?) ( R M N H ) .
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 3093, 2: 121-193 m m ( g i l l r a k e r s 4+18 = 22, 6+17 = 23);
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
31
R M N H 238, ca 139 m m , i n c o m p l e t e skeleton; n o n e i n P a r i s .
C o m m e n t s . — N o m i n a l species C. punctatus o v e r l o o k e d b y Weber & d e B e a u f o r t ,
1913; p l a c e d as s y n o n y m of C. batrachus b y Bleeker, 1858: 344.
V a n H a s s e l t m a n u s c r i p t notes o n Clarias batrachus i n c l u d e a v e r y d e t a i l e d l e g e n d
for th e a n a t o m i c a l f i g u r e .
Clarias nieuhofi Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1840
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s . — M N H N B.301,384 m m , Java (not a type); n o n e i n L e i d e n .
PANGASIIDAE
Pangasius djambal Bleeker, 1846
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2201, 860 m m , stuffed ( w i t h u n p u b l i s he d m a n u s c r i p t n a m e
"Bagrus microcephalus Κ & v a n H " ) .
SISORIDAE
Glyptothorax p latyp ogon (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1840)
(fig. 34)
Pimelodus platypogon Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 152 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — I n k a n d p a r t i a l l y w a t e r c o l o u r e d c o p y of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g o f P.
platypogon, b y Valenciennes L e y d e n 1827; T L 79 m m , S L 65 m m ( X V A 79); s i m i l a r
c o p y of s a m e o r i g i n a l , a p p a r e n t l y b y S o p hi e , w i t h note b y Valenciennes " c a l q u é s u r
m o n d e s s i n fait à L e y d e " ; T L 79 m m , S L 65 m m ( X V A 80).
S p e c i m e n s . — M N H N 2903, 2: 70-74 m m , a n d M N H N B.196, 2: 50-64 m m , s y n types P. platypogon.
C o m m e n t s . — T he o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g of P. platypogon m u s t h a v e been f u l l y c o l o u r e d ,
since b o t h copies h a v e notes p r o v i d i n g c o l o u r descriptions. Valenciennes n o t e d : " l e
corps n o i r o l i v e , marbre a n o i r " ; Sophie noted: " l e corps o l i v e marbré d e n o i r " . S o p h i e
u s u a l l y c o p i e d th e o r i g i n a l s of K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t , b u t i n t hi s case sh e c o p i e d
Valenciennes's copy.
AKYSIDAE
Akysis variegatus (Bleeker, 1847)
Akysis variegatus Bleeker, 1858: 24.
32
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Drawings.— None found.
Specimens.— None found.
C o m m e n t s . — T h e v e r y s m a l l a n d p o o r l y k n o w n c a t f i s h Akysis variegatus w a s
i d e n t i f i e d b y Bleeker (1858: 24) as the subject of a K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t d r a w i n g h e
o b t a i n e d i n Java. I h a v e n o t f o u n d the d r a w i n g o r a n y c o p y of it, b u t h a v e n o r e a s o n
to d o u b t Bleeker's i d e n t i f i c a t i o n . Akysis variegatus is the o n l y species of the f a m i l y
A k y s i d a e k n o w n f r o m Java.
SILURIDAE
Kryptopterus
bicirrhis (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1840)
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2995,2: 98.2-108 m m .
Ompok cf. bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794)
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2914, 2: 98.2-252 m m (gill rakers 3-4+10-11 = 13-15; vertebrae 11+38 = 49).
Ompok hypophthalmus
(Bleeker, 1846)
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2 9 0 8 , 1 4 7 m m (nasal b a r b e l e x t e n d i n g p o s t e r i o r l y to about
m i d d l e of a n a l f i n , m e n t a l barbels to b e l o w posterior b o r d e r of eye; g i l l rakers 3+11 =
14; vertebrae 11+43 = 54).
C o m m e n t s . — T h e m a n u s c r i p t n a m e "Silurus pabuoides C u v . V a l . " , w h i c h I h a v e
b e e n u n a b l e to relate d i r e c t l y to a n y d r a w i n g o r s p e c i m e n , m i g h t refer to this species.
Silurichthys hasseltii Bleeker, 1858
(fig. 33)
Silurichthys Hasseltii Bleeker, 1858: 270 (type locality Tjisekat, in fluviis).
D r a w i n g s . — O r i g i n a l K u h l & v a n Hasselt watercolour, w i t h locality Tjisekat a n d
other p e n c i l notes i n D u t c h i n v e r y s m a l l h a n d w r i t i n g , p r e s u m a b l y the same d r a w i n g
f o u n d b y Bleeker i n Java a n d u s e d b y h i m for the o r i g i n a l d e s c r i p t i o n of Silurichthys
hasseltii; T L 133 m m , S L 112 m m ( R M N H ) .
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2922,115 m m T L a c c o r d i n g to Bleeker (1862: 82), s u p p o s e d l y f r o m Tjisekat (not e x a m i n e d b y me); R M N H 2992,93.0 m m (anal f i n rays 53; vertebrae 12+39 = 51); n o n e i n P a r i s .
C o m m e n t s . — There is n o i n d i c a t i o n that a n y K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt specimens o r
d r a w i n g s of S. hasselti w e r e i n L e i d e n b y 1824 a n d 1827. T h e d r a w i n g o b t a i n e d i n Java
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
33
b y Bleeker is perhaps the o n l y one of this species they h a d done. Bleeker f o u n d the 115
m m K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt s p e c i m e n i n L e i d e n , a n d a s s u m e d that it served as the basis
for the d r a w i n g of h i s o r i g i n a l d e s c r i p t i o n , b u t this w a s uncertain. Reason f o r sceptic i s m is p r o v i d e d b y Bleeker, w h o o r i g i n a l l y reported the l e n g t h of the " s p e c i m e n " as
134 m m (Bleeker, 1858). T h i s corresponds closely to m y measurement of 133 T L f o r the
d r a w i n g presently at R M N H . Later, h o w e v e r , after he e x a m i n e d the 115 m m s p e c i m e n
i n L e i d e n , h e reported that the measurement of 134 m m reported f o r the d r a w i n g i n
his o r i g i n a l d e s c r i p t i o n w a s a t y p o g r a p h i c a l error f o r 114 m m (Bleeker, 1862: 82 footnote). Bleeker often a s s u m e d (incorrectly i n m o s t cases) that K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t
d r a w i n g s are lifesize. A l t h o u g h Bleeker i d e n t i f i e d R M N H 2922 as the s p e c i m e n u p o n
w h i c h the o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g a n d h i s d e s c r i p t i o n of Silurichthys hasseltii i s b a s e d , the
s p e c i m e n h a s n o t y p e status, a n d there is e v e n d o u b t that it is a c t u a l l y the s p e c i m e n
i n the d r a w i n g , a n d w h e t h e r i t w a s i n fact c o l l e c t e d at Tjisekat, as p r e s u m e d b y
Bleeker. T h e t w o K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t specimens a p p a r e n t l y are the o n l y s p e c i m e n s
of Silurichthys r e p o r t e d f r o m J a v a . R M N H 2922 w a s o n l o a n d u r i n g m y v i s i t to
L e i d e n so I w a s u n a b l e to c o m p a r e it w i t h the d r a w i n g .
CYPRINODONTIDAE
Aplocheilus panchax ( H a m i l t o n , 1822)
(fig. 70)
Odontopsis armata van Hasselt, 1823c: 131 (type locality Buitenzorg).
Panchax kuhlii Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 384 (type locality 'Tes étangs auprès de
Batavia").
"Homalopsis javanicus V. Hass., icon inédit" Bleeker, 1860: 489 (as unpublished synonym of Panchax
buchanani Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846).
D r a w i n g s . — I n k c o p y of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , w i t h u n p u b l i s h e d v a n H a s s e l t m a n u script n a m e "Nomalopsis [sic] javanica M [ i h i = v a n H a s s e l t ] . " ; T L 47 m m , S L 39 m m
(XVin 152).
Specimens.— None.
C o m m e n t s . — A s p o i n t e d o u t b y Kottelat (1987: 370), the n a m e s Odontopsis v a n
H a s s e l t , 1823 a n d O. armata v a n H a s s e l t , 1823 are b o t h available b y d e s c r i p t i o n . D u e ,
h o w e v e r , to the v a g u e n e s s of the o r i g i n a l d e s c r i p t i o n , the n a m e s h a v e n e v e r b e e n
u s e d subsequent to v a n Hasselt. Odontopsis is o n e of o n l y 40 n o m i n a l genera of fishes
that c o u l d n o t b e p l a c e d i n a classification of recent f o r m s (Eschmeyer, 1990: 495).
E x a m i n a t i o n of the i n k c o p y of the o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g of O. armata, i n c l u d i n g the
inset e n l a r g e d d o r s a l v i e w of the j a w s a n d their d e n t i t i o n , leaves n o d o u b t as to its
i d e n t i f i c a t i o n w i t h the f i s h k n o w n as Aplocheilus panchax. Odontopsis v a n H a s s e l t ,
1823 h a s p r i o r i t y o v e r Aplocheilus M c C l e l l a n d , 1839 (type species either Esox panchax
H a m i l t o n , 1822 o r chrysostigmus M c C l e l l a n d , 1839, a possible s y n o n y m of E. panchax;
see E s c h m e y e r , 1990: 34). I n the interest of n o m e n c l a t u r a l stability, I m a i n t a i n e x i s t i n g
usage of Aplocheilus. It s h o u l d be n o t e d that the n a m e A. armatus ( v a n H a s s e l t , 1823)
is a v a i l a b l e , s h o u l d the Javanese f i s h p r o v e to b e a distinct species.
It is interesting to note that Bleeker r e s o l v e d the generic a n d species i d e n t i t y of
Homalopsis javanicus (= Odontopsis armata), a n d that this h a s p a s s e d u n n o t i c e d . A s
34
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Bleeker remarks, " v a n Hasselt k n e w v e r y w e l l the generic difference between the t w o
k i n d s [Aplocheilus a n d Betta] a n d p l a c e d Panchax buchanani i n h i s genus Homalopsis,
w h i l e Betta picta h e p l a c e d i n h i s genus Anostoma" (Bleeker, 1860: 489). A s w i t h other
K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt d r a w i n g s Bleeker f o u n d i n Java, h e d i d n o t e x p l a i n the c i r c u m stances of h o w he obtained a n o r i g i n a l o r c o p y of v a n Hasselt's d r a w i n g s of Homalopsis
javanicus a n d Anostoma picta. These p r e s u m a b l y were part of the duplicate set of d r a w ings p r e p a r e d b y v a n Raalten a n d left w i t h the G o v e r n o r G e n e r a l v a n der C a p e l l e n .
HEMIRAMPHIDAE
Dermogenys pusilla v a n Hasselt, 1823
(figs. 35,68a+b)
Dermogenys pusillus van Hasselt, 1823c: 131 (type locality Java).
Dermogenys pusillus Bleeker, 1866:165.
D r a w i n g s . — Watercolour c o p y of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , labelled "jeune h e m i r a m p h e "
a n d "Dermogenys pusilla N . " ; T L 48 m m , S L 32 m m (XIX A 3); w a s h d r a w i n g , p r o b a b l y
b y Keultjes, dissection of D. pusilla, ( R M N H ) ; p e n a n d p e n c i l d r a w i n g , p e r h a p s b y v a n
Hasselt, o v a r i a n e m b r y o ( R M N H ) .
Specimens.— None.
C o m m e n t s . — A l t h o u g h Valenciennes copied K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt's o r i g i n a l
d r a w i n g o f D. pusilla i n L e i d e n , h i s r e m a r k o n the c o p y indicates that h e c o n s i d e r e d
it a n u n i d e n t i f i e d j u v e n i l e f o r m rather t h a n a distinct species. T h e earliest subsequent
a u t h o r t o c o n s i d e r D. pusilla a v a l i d s p e c i e s a p p e a r s t o b e B l e e k e r . G e n d e r o f
Dermogenys is f e m i n i n e , so correct s p e l l i n g o f species n a m e is D. pusilla (as p o i n t e d
o u t b y E s c h m e y e r , 1990:122).
T h e o r i g i n a l account o f D. pusilla b y K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t , o n l y o n e o f the h u n d r e d s o f u n p u b l i s h e d f i s h d e s c r i p t i o n s they p r e p a r e d , p r o v i d e s a n g o o d s a m p l e o f
their i n d u s t r y a n d scientific a b i l i t y ( o r i g i n a l i n archives of R M N H ) . T h e f i n a l draft,
p r e p a r e d b y v a n H a s s e l t , reads as f o l l o w s :
Dermogenys Nobis
Hautkiefer (genys [Greek] Kiefer)
Genus e família Esoceorum novum, Heniromphis [sic; Hemiramphis in Kuhl's draft] proximum, at
mandíbula utrinque appendice cutâneo longitudinali caudaque rotundata et habitatione diversum. Maxillae tomior intermaxillaribus formata, maxillaribus glabris remotis. Sp. Dermogenys
antennarius Hass. in flumine prope Mare ad Labouan [D. antennarius = Zenarchopterus; see below
under Z. dispar].
NB wordt gezegd nooit in Zee voor te komen
ad narium aperturam filamen tenue/ unde nomen/ Rostro longíssimo omnium Superiorum, magis
1/3 parte corporis/: a cauda ad oris aperturam/ cum membrana laterali et inferiore longitudinali;
P. anali monstruosa quasi in 3 pinnis divisa, valde elongatis pinna dorsali multo fortiores. PC.
[pinna caudalis] subrecta, supra rotundata.
Colore argênteo supra olivescente, stria longitudinali coerulea laterali. Appendice carnoso pono
anum.
PP. 9 PV. 6 PA. 12 PD. 11 PC. 20
Long. 0,6,6
Latit. 0,0,7 Supra PV.
Dermogenys pusillus Nobis. Julang Julang. Buitenzorg. Tjikanjavar den 10 Mei 1821. Laenge 0,1,6.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
35
Oeffhet man den Unterkiefer, so sieht die obere weit in die Hoehe.
Respirations Werkzeuge: Das Herz ist sehr dunkelroth gefärbt, von der Seite gesehen Stellt es ein
niedriges Dreiek dar, dessen Basis die der Bauchhoehle zugekehrte Kante ist, dessen Spitze oben
der Rückenfläche sich zuwendet, so dass eine vordere und hintere Fläche entsteht. Auf jener sitzt
der Aortenbulbus auss der ziemlich gestrekt weit ist. Von unten gesehen hat das Herz eine
laengliche ovale gestelt.
Am dem innern Kiemendekel findet sich keine Kiemenausbreitung. Die Kiemen der 4 Bogen sind
nicht von bedeutender Länge, der lezte Bogen ist seiner groessern Laenge nach angewachsen.
Die Luftblase ist sehr gross und breit und fuellt die ganze Ruckenfläche der Hoehle aus bis zum
After hinreichend. Ob ein Ausfuhrungsgang und eine glandel da sei, darf ich nicht mit Sicherheit
verneinen.
Verdauungswerkzeuge. Der Darmkanal ist ganz einfach der Magen mit nichts als eine Erweiterung
ohne allen Blindsack oder Anhang. Am Pylorus könnte sich vielleicht eine Klappe finden, es ist
wenigstens eine starke Einschnürung, das indem ich den Darm von flagen aus nich ausblagen konnte. Der ganz einfache Darm lauft auf der Bauchfläche zwischen beiden Ovarien hin zum After.
Die Leber ist aeusserst blass, graulichfleischfarben und Kurz den Magen von unten deckend aber
so breit als die Bauchhöhle. Ihre grossere Portion[?] liegt rechts. Ihr hinterer Rand is schwach 2
lappig. Die Gallenblase und die Gaenge konnte ich die Kleinheit wegen nicht erkennen.
Die Milz ist ein kleines Körperchen om Magen über d. Leber gelegen.
Urin- und Geschlecht-werkzeuge. Die Nieren müssen äusserst gering sein, da ich sie nicht erkennen konnte.
Die sehr stark entwickelten Ovarien lagen am jeder Seite in das ganzen Länge der Eingeweidehöhle hin und bestanden aus nicht sehr zahlreichen sehr stark entwikelten Eiern von einer Linie
[2.2 mm] im Diameter, unter denen nur wenige opak[?]gelbe/ : vermuthlich verdorbene kleine
Eierchen gemischt waren.
Die entwickelten Eier haben ganz das Ansehen von hellem Kandies Zucher. In jedem liegt der
ziemlich entwickelte Embryo. Die 2 Augen sind völlig ausgebildet mit schwarzer Pupille. Der
Kopf ist sehr breit. Vor den Augen ist ein blassrothes ziemlich weites gefäss, welche sich in
kleinere zerästelt, nach hinten lauft der Kopf in einem schmalen Schwanz aus. Jenes breite Gefäss
wie liert sich an der Unterseite des Kopfes. An jeder Seite ästelt sich ein anderer Gefässstamm aus
in die seitlichen Theile des Zellig und Blasenkorpers, auf welchen der Fisch liegt und der ohne
Zweifel sein Bauch mit den darin liegen dem Dotter ist. Dieser Koerper hat eigentlich die
Kandiesfarbe und besteht aus unsèhligen kleinen runden Bläschen, die das Ansehen von
Fetttröpfchen haben. Das Blut ist schon hochroth gefärbt, der Koerper und Kopf weisslich mit dem
schwarzen Pigment-flekchen. Die 2 seitlichen ausstrahlenden Gefässe verfolgt man/ nicht bei
allen gleich leicht./ bis hinter die Augen, wo sie nach unten verschwinden, wo vermuthlich das
Herz liegt/ In sehr starken Arak ward die Koerper weisslicher, der Bläschen Koerper opak[?] und
die Pupille weis. Das Silberpigment der Augen war sehr entwickelt vorhander. Bei einem sah ich
das vordere Gefäss sich noch ein Stueckchen weit an der Unterflaeche des Kopfes fortsetzen, wo es
aber nicht weiter sichtbar war.
F r o m the f o r e g o i n g account, it appears that the o r i g i n a l generic concept ( u n p u b l i s h e d ) o f Dermogenys i n c l u d e d Zenarchopterus dispar. T h e r e is n o m e n t i o n o f D.
antennarius i n the U i t t r e k s e l s . I n a d d i t i o n to p r o v i d i n g a n excellent generic d i a g n o s i s
a n d species d e s c r i p t i o n s , K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t d e s c r i b e d quite w e l l the m a i n features of t h e r e p r o d u c t i v e a n a t o m y of the s m a l l v i v i p a r o u s species D. pusilla. H a d
they s t u d i e d D. antennarius i n c o m p a r a b l e d e t a i l , they w o u l d h a v e d i s c o v e r e d that it
is o v i p a r o u s .
T h e w a s h d r a w i n g of the d i s s e c t i o n of D. pusilla is t e n t a t i v e l y a t t r i b u t e d to
Keultjes, because he w a s s t i l l alive at the t i m e the observations w e r e m a d e , a n d other
a n a t o m i c a l d r a w i n g s i n the R M N H archives p r e s u m e d o r k n o w n to be b y h i m e x h i b it the s a m e t e c h n i q u e .
36
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Zenarchopterus dispar Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1846
(fig. 69)
Hemiramphus dispar Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 58 (type locality Madagascar?;
Moluques?; rivière Labouane, Java).
D r a w i n g s . — Ink c o p y of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , l a b e l l e d Hemiramphus dispar b y V a l e n ciennes; T L 178 m m , S L 112 m m ( X I X A 31).
Specimens.— None.
C o m m e n t s . — Valenciennes's o r i g i n a l d e s c r i p t i o n of Zenarchopterus dispar is b a s e d
m a i n l y o n s p e c i m e n s d o u b t f u l l y collected i n M a d a g a s c a r ( M N H N 4 5 9 4 , 3 : 80-87 m m ,
( f e m a l e s ; M N H N 4 5 9 5 , 2: 88-93 m m , m a l e s ) . A f t e r d e s c r i b i n g t h e s e s p e c i m e n s
V a l e n c i e n n e s (1846: 61-2) r e m a r k e d "je connaissais le s i n g u l i e r h é m i r a m p h e q u i v i e n t
de faire le sujet d e cet article, p a r u n d e s s i n fort exact, et p a r consequent d ' u n e déterm i n a t i o n très-facile, q u i avait é t é e n v o y é p a r M M . K u h l et V a n H a s s e l t a u M u s é e
R o y a l d e L e y d e . Ils disaient q u e cet h é m i r a m p h e v e n a i t d e l a rivière L a b o u a n e , l ' u n
des c o u r s d ' e a u d e Java. U n e espèce aussi s i n g u l i e r p o u r r a i t - e l l e exister à l a fois à
M a d a g a s c a r et a u x M o l u q u e s ? "
A s Valenciennes does n o t otherwise m e n t i o n specimens of h i s H. dispar f r o m the
M o l u q u e s , a n d as t h e M N H N p o s s e s s e s o n l y t h e t w o s e r i e s o f s y n t y p e s f r o m
" M a d a g a s c a r ? " , it seems he c o n f u s e d Java w i t h the M o l u c c a s , a n d hence " M o l u q u e s "
s h o u l d n o t b e c o n s i d e r e d as p a r t o f t h e t y p e l o c a l i t y . T h e c o p y of K u h l a n d v a n
H a s s e l t ' s d r a w i n g s h o w s a s e x u a l l y m a t u r e m a l e w i t h the d i s t i n c t i v e features of Z.
dispar. T h e m o r p h o l o g y of the d o r s a l f i n a n d a n a l g o n o p o d i u m appears to b e s i m i l a r
to that o f Z. dispar f i g u r e d b y M o h r (1926: 254, f i g . 16).
T h e v a n H a s s e l t m a n u s c r i p t n a m e "Dermogenys antennarius" b a s e d o n a f i s h of
l e n g t h 0,6,6 [166 o r 176 m m ] " i n f l u m i n e p r o p e M a r s a d L a b o u a n " , i n c l u d i n g a b r i e f
m e n t i o n of the a n a l f i n d i v i d e d i n t o three parts ( g o n o p o d i u m ) , is b a s e d o n Z. dispar.
SYNGNATHIDAE
Doryichthys deokhatoides (Bleeker, 1853)
Syngnathusfluviatilisvan Hasselt, 1823b: 329 (rivieren bij Batavia) (nomen nudum).
Syngnathus brachyurus Bleeker, 1853: 19 (type locality rivier Paninbang) (based on Kuhl and van
Hasselt drawing left in Java).
SyngnathusfluviatilisBleeker, 1853: 25 (based on original Kuhl and van Hasselt drawing left in Java).
DoryichthysfluviatilisWeber and de Beaufort, 1922: 55 (cited as doubtful species perhaps identical with
D. deokhatoides).
D r a w i n g s . — O r i g i n a l v a n H a s s e l t d r a w i n g i n R M N H r e p o r t e d b y A l f r e d , 1964:
157, r e p r o d u c e d i n Bleeker, 1987, p i . 450, f i g . 12 as S. fluviatilis ( p o s s i b l y the s a m e
d r a w i n g f o u n d b y Bleeker i n Java).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 3852,186 m m (no t y p e status).
R e m a r k s . — W e b e r a n d d e B e a u f o r t , 1922: 55-56 i d e n t i f i e d R M N H 3 8 5 2 as
Microphis brachyurus (Bleeker 1853), a n d stated that S. fluviatilis " . . . i s k n o w n o n l y
f r o m the d e s c r i p t i o n of Bleeker, m a d e after a n i n e d i t e d f i g u r e of v a n H a s s e l t . It h a s
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
37
n e v e r b e e n f o u n d a g a i n a n d is therefore rather d u b i o u s . " I d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f S. fluviatilis w i t h D. deokhatoides has been accepted b y subsequent a u t h o r s i n c l u d i n g A l f r e d
(1964) a n d D a w s o n (1985: 56).
V a n H a s s e l t ' s m a n u s c r i p t d e s c r i p t i o n of S. fluviatilis i n c l u d e s notes o n a n a t o m y
and reproduction.
MUGILIDAE
Cestraeus oxyrhyncus Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1836
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 1351,136 m m , stuffed.
Anabantidae
Anabas testudineus ( B l o c h , 1795)
(figs. 36,37)
Anabas scandens Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831: 337, 340.
D r a w i n g s . — O r i g i n a l w a t e r c o l o u r b y Keultjes, w i t h m a n u s c r i p t n a m e "Anabas
tampela N o b i s [= b y K u h l & v a n H a s s e l t ] " ; T L 107 m m , S L 87 m m ( R M N H ) ; w a t e r c o l o u r c o p y of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , b y Valenciennes 1827; T L 105 m m (Vu C 15); i n k
c o p y (no w a t e r c o l o u r ) b y Sophie(?) of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g ; T L 105 m m ( V I I C 20).
S p e c i m e n s . — M N H N A . 3 4 4 , 3: 48.6-101 m m ; R M N H 1 5 8 1 , 2: 95.2-151 m m ;
R M N H 1075, 78 m m , R M N H 1076, 135 m m , R M N H 1077, 142 m m , s t u f f e d s p e c i m e n s ; R M N H 139,102 m m , skeleton.
BELONTIIDAE
Belontia hasselti ( C u v i e r i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1831)
(fig. 38)
Polyacanthus hasselti Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831: 353, pi. 195 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — Original watercoloured d r a w i n g b y v a n Raalten and Maurevert; T L
181, S L 138 m m ( R M N H ) ; i n k c o p y ( w i t h eye o n l y i n w a t e r c o l o u r ) b y V a l e n c i e n n e s
1827 of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g ; T L 181 m m ( V I I C 27); i n k c o p y p r o b a b l y b y S o p h i e of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g l a b e l l e d Polyacanthus olivaceus M . ; T L 181 m m (VII C 34); i n k c o p y b y
Valenciennes?, l a b e l l e d Polyacanthus hasselti; T L 181 m m ( V I I C 35).
S p e c i m e n s . — M N H N A . 3 5 8 , s y n t y p e s , 2: 120-130 m m ; R M N H 1078, 141 m m ,
R M N H 1079,130 m m , stuffed specimens; R M N H 140,90 m m , i n c o m p l e t e s k e l e t o n .
C o m m e n t s . — A l t h o u g h b o t h copies are i n k o u t l i n e s , the o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g m u s t
h a v e b e e n c o l o u r e d , because V I I C 34 has d e t a i l e d c o l o u r notes i n the h a n d w r i t i n g of
S o p h i e D u v a u c e l . Because of these notes, I p r e s u m e the c o p y w a s m a d e b y her. T h e
38
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
other c o p y (Vu C 35) is sufficiently different i n style, n o t a b l y i n the s i m p l e r represent a t i o n o f t h e l a t e r a l l i n e , that it p r o b a b l y w a s d o n e b y s o m e o n e else, p r e s u m a b l y
C u v i e r ; neither c o p y is s i g n e d o r attributed. Polyacanthus olivaceus is a n u n p u b l i s h e d
n a m e of v a n H a s s e l t .
Betta picta (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1846)
(fig. 39)
Panchax pictum Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 385 (type locality environs de
Buitenzorg).
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , l a b e l l e d "Panchax pictum";
T L 45 m m , S L 34 m m ( X V I I I 1 5 1 ) ; i n k c o p y of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , l a b e l l e d "Anostoma
picta (nobis) [ = K u h l & v a n H a s s e l t ] " ; T L 46 m m , S L 34 m m (XVIII 151bis).
Specimens.— None.
C o m m e n t s . — T y p e species of Betta Bleeker, 1850 is Betta trifasciata Bleeker, 1850,
b y m o n o t y p y (Eschmeyer, 1990: 58). Weber & d e Beaufort (1922) r e p o r t e d o n l y a s i n gle species of Betta f r o m Java, B. picta, w i t h B. trifasciata as j u n i o r s y n o n y m . If Java
t r u l y h a s o n l y a single species of Betta, then B. trifasciata m u s t b e a j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
B. picta, b u t f u r t h e r s t u d y is n e e d e d to reach a satisfactory c o n c l u s i o n .
Trichogaster trichopterus (Pallas, 1770)
(fig. 41)
Trichopus trichogaster Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831, pi. 199.
D r a w i n g s . — Watercolour b y Valenciennes 1827 of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g ; T L 85 m m , S L
67 m m ( V I I C 68); i n k c o p y b y Sophie? of same o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g ; T L 85 m m (Vu C 66).
S p e c i m e n s . — M N H N A . 3 7 0 ; R M N H 1600,2: 55.1-61.2 m m .
C o m m e n t s . — A l t h o u g h C u v i e r ' s text o n Labrus (or Trichopus) trichogaster ( C u v i e r
& Valenciennes, 1831: 388-391) does n o t s p e c i f i c a l l y m e n t i o n K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t
s p e c i m e n s , plate 199 a p p a r e n t l y is based o n one of t h e m .
Trichopsis vittata ( C u v i e r i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1831)
(fig. 40)
Osphromenus vittatus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831: 387.
D r a w i n g s . — Watercolour c o p y b y Sophie? of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , w i t h u n p u b l i s h e d
m a n u s c r i p t n a m e Osphromenus javanensis; T L 57 m m , S L 41 m m ( V I I C 61); w a t e r c o l o u r
c o p y of same o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g b y Valenciennes?; T L 58 m m , S L 40 m m ( V I I C 71).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 10605, 38.2 m m , n e o t y p e O. vittatus b y present d e s i g n a t i o n
(possible h o l o t y p e O. vittatus; p r e v i o u s i d e n t i f i c a t i o n Osphronemus goramy; a n a l f i n
v i i , 2 5 ; vertebrae 9+20 = 29); n o n e i n Paris.
C o m m e n t s . — T h e m a t e r i a l u p o n w h i c h C u v i e r based h i s v e r y brief d e s c r i p t i o n
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
39
of O. vittatus c a n n o t b e i d e n t i f i e d w i t h certainty. T h e d e s c r i p t i o n m a y h a v e b e e n
b a s e d o n the s i n g l e extant K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t s p e c i m e n of Trichopsis (here d e s i g n a t e d neotype) o r p e r h a p s o n the d r a w i n g w h i c h also s e r v e d f o r the d e s c r i p t i o n of
Betta picta. T h e b e a u t i f u l w a t e r c o l o u r of "O. javanensis," c l e a r l y i d e n t i f i a b l e w i t h the
species u s u a l l y k n o w n as Trichopsis vittata, cannot p o s s i b l y h a v e s e r v e d as the basis
for the o r i g i n a l d e s c r i p t i o n of O. vittatus. It is possible that R M N H 1605 s e r v e d as the
basis f o r this d r a w i n g , b u t this cannot be v e r i f i e d . T h u s o n e is r e d u c e d to c h o o s i n g
b e t w e e n a d r a w i n g of a Betta o r a s p e c i m e n of Trichopsis as the basis f o r the d e s c r i p t i o n . I n the interest of n o m e n c l a t u r a l stability, I i d e n t i f y the o r i g i n a l d e s c r i p t i o n w i t h
the s p e c i m e n of Trichopsis, w h i c h m a y p o s s i b l y be the s p e c i m e n u p o n w h i c h i t w a s
based.
It m a y b e n o t e d that t y p e species of Trichopsis C a n e s t r i n i , 1860 is Trichopsis striata
(Bleeker, 1850), b y m o n o t y p y , a n d that O. vittatus w a s p l a c e d as a senior s y n o n y m of
T. striata b y Bleeker, 1879: 3, 25. Bleeker d i d n o t discuss the o r i g i n a l d e s c r i p t i o n o r
t y p e m a t e r i a l o f O. vittatus, b u t h e has b e e n f o l l o w e d b y a l l subsequent authors.
OSPHRONEMIDAE
Osphronemus goramy L a c e p è d e , 1802
Osphromenus notatus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831: 386 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — F i n e i n k d r a w i n g of s p e c i m e n of Osphronemus notatus b y Valenciennes
L e i d e n 1824, w i t h v e r y accurate notes o n f i n r a y counts; " g r a n d e u r n a t u r e l l e " T L 112
m m ( V U C 54); p e n c i l d r a w i n g b y Valenciennes of same s p e c i m e n , w i t h f i n rays a n d
scales less carefully d r a w n ; T L 112 m m (Vu C 64).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 1083, 135 m m , R M N H 1084, 132 m m , R M N H 10-84, 152
m m , R M N H 1087, 180 m m , stuffed specimens; R M N H 141, 239 m m , s k e l e t o n ; n o n e
i n Paris.
C o m m e n t s . — A s first p o i n t e d o u t b y Bleeker (1850: 10), O. notatus is b a s e d o n a
j u v e n i l e s p e c i m e n of the giant g o r a m y , O. goramy; this i d e n t i f i c a t i o n i s v e r i f i e d i n
Roberts, 1992b. Valenciennes's i n k d r a w i n g of O. notatus is r e p r o d u c e d i n B a u c h o t , et
al., 1990: 26, f i g . 6.
HELOSTOMATIDAE
Helostoma temminckii C u v i e r , 1829
(fig. 42)
Helostoma temminckii Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831: 342, pi. 194.
D r a w i n g s . — O r i g i n a l w a t e r c o l o u r b y v a n R a a l t e n , w i t h m a n u s c r i p t n a m e "Helostoma striolatum M " ; T L 242 m m , S L 189 m m ( R M N H ) ; w a t e r c o l o u r c o p y of o r i g i n a l
d r a w i n g , b y V a l e n c i e n n e s L e i d e n 1827; T L 242 m m (VII C 32); c r u d e i n k c o p y b y
u n k n o w n c o p y i s t , w i t h c o l o u r notes a n d n a m e "Heleostoma striolatum M . [ i h i = v a n
40
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
H a s s e l t ] " ; T L 243 m m , S L ca. 200 m m ( V I I C 29); i n k c o p y b y Valenciennes?, v e r y d i f f e r e n t s t y l e f r o m V I I C 2 9 , l a b e l l e d Helostoma temminckii w i t h c o l o u r n o t e s i n
Valenciennes's h a n d w r i t i n g ; T L 240 m m ( V I I C 30).
S p e c i m e n s . — H o l o t y p e p r e s u m a b l y i n P a r i s , n o t f o u n d ; R M N H 1081, 182 m m ,
s t u f f e d ( p o s s i b l y s p e c i m e n u t i l i z e d f o r o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g b y v a n Raalten); R M N H
136,202 m m , skeleton.
CHANNIDAE
Channa gachua ( H a m i l t o n , 1822)
(fig. 43)
Ophicephalus marginatus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831: 411-12 (type locality Pondichery and
Buitenzorg; descriptions given of specimens from both localities).
Ophicephalus limbatus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831, pi. 201 (no accompanying text; type
locality western Java, based on Kuhl and van Hasselt specimen).
D r a w i n g s . — Watercolour c o p y of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , b y Valenciennes L e i d e n 1827,
l a b e l l e d "Ophicephalus guacha [sic] H . B u c h . " ; T L 106 m m , S L 88 m m (Vu C 108); s i m i lar w a t e r c o l o u r c o p y of same o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , w i t h m a n u s c r i p t n a m e "Ophicephalus
limbatus K u h l " ; T L 106 m m , S L 87 m m ( V I I C 115).
S p e c i m e n s . — M N H N 2247,4: 86-125 m m , s y n t y p e s O. marginatus.
C o m m e n t s . — T h e n a m e Channa limbata ( C u v i e r i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1831)
n e w c o m b , i s a v a i l a b l e s h o u l d the J a v a n e s e s p e c i e s c u r r e n t l y i d e n t i f i e d w i t h C.
gachua t u r n o u t to be distinct.
Channa lucius ( C u v i e r i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1831)
(figs. 44,45)
Ophicephalus lucius Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831: 416 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — O r i g i n a l w a t e r c o l o u r d r a w i n g b y Keultjes, w i t h m a n u s c r i p t n a m e
"Ophiocephalus radiatus N o b i s " ; T L 320, S L 270 m m ( R M N H ) ; w a t e r c o l o u r c o p y b y
V a l e n c i e n n e s 1827 o f o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g ; T L 320 m m , S L a b o u t 275 m m ( V I I C 83);
w a t e r c o l o u r c o p y b y S o p h i e of same o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g ; T L 315 m m (VII C 120); fine
p e n c i l d r a w i n g b y Valenciennes of h o l o t y p e ; " g r a n d e u r n a t u r e l l e " T L 233 m m , S L
a b o u t 195 m m ( V I I C 82); d i f f e r e n t p e n c i l d r a w i n g b y V a l e n c i e n n e s o f h o l o t y p e ;
" g r a n d e u r n a t u r e l l e " T L 233 m m ( V I I C 121).
S p e c i m e n s . — H o l o t y p e s h o u l d be i n R M N H . R M N H 1138, 214 m m , R M N H 1140,
420 m m , stuffed; R M N H 120, 435 m m , skeleton (dorsal f i n rays 42, a n a l 25; vertebrae
50?); R M N H 122, ca 380 m m (dorsal f i n rays 45, a n a l 27; vertebrae 55?).
C o m m e n t s . — C u v i e r (1831) d i d n o t p r o v i d e the e t y m o l o g y of the species epithet
" l u c i u s " i n the n a m e Ophicephalus lucius, w h i c h h e attributed to K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt.
H o w e v e r it p r e s u m a b l y refers to the p i k e , Esox lucius L i n n a e u s , 1758, also q u e s t i o n a b l y the l u c i u s of the R o m a n s (see C u v i e r a n d Valenciennes, 1846: 280-281). Therefore
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
41
i n the c o m b i n a t i o n s Ophicephalus lucius a n d Channa lucius it is a n o u n i n a p p o s i t i o n ,
a n d the correct s p e l l i n g of the currently accepted n a m e is Channa lucius.
T h e o r i g i n a l f i g u r e b y Keultjes together w i t h the c o p y m a d e b y V a l e n c i e n n e s are
r e p r o d u c e d so that t h e y c a n b e c o m p a r e d . T h e o r i g i n a l s h o w s the f i s h f u l l y s c a l e d ,
w h e r e a s the c o p y s h o w s o n l y a f e w scales, a n d the c o l o u r s i n the o r i g i n a l are m o r e
s o m b e r t h a n those i n the copy.
Channa micropeltes ( C u v i e r i n C u v i e r & V a l e n c i e n n e s , 1831)
Ophicephalus micropeltes Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831:427 (type locality Java).
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 1131, 210 m m , R M N H 1132, 250 m m , s t u f f e d s p e c i m e n s ,
one o r b o t h p e r h a p s s y n t y p e s ; n o n e i n P a r i s .
C o m m e n t s . — R M N H 2318,605 m m , stuffed, Java, collector u n k n o w n , a p p a r e n t l y
is the s y n t y p e o f "26 p o u c e s [ = 702 m m ] " m e n t i o n e d b y C u v i e r , a n d u p o n w h i c h
m o s t o f h i s d e s c r i p t i o n m a y b e b a s e d (very g o o d c o n d i t i o n ; t o t a l l e n g t h 710 m m ;
d o r s a l f i n r a y s 44).
Channa striata ( B l o c h , 1793)
Ophiocephalus planiceps Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831: 424.
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s . — M N H N A . 6 2 9 , 9 9 m m , s y n t y p e O. planiceps; R M N H 1131-35,5: 210465 m m , stuffed ( p r e v i o u s l y i d e n t i f i e d O. planiceps); R M N H 1143, 341 m m ( p r e v i o u s l y i d e n t i f e d O. melanosoma).
C o m m e n t s . — V a n Hasselt's m a n u s c r i p t o n Ophiocephalus striatus includes a lengthy
account of a n a t o m y a n d p h y s i o l o g y , m e n t i o n i n g the optic nerve, circulatory a n d respiratory organs, heart, digestive system, lengths of the parts of the alimentary canal a n d
its associated structures, k i d n e y s , a n d gonads.
It also m e n t i o n s a n u n d e s c r i b e d p a r a s i t i c n e m a t o d e , "Ascaris ophiocephali N . " ,
" e i n Liorhynchus." T h e m e n t i o n o f Liorhynchus R u d o l p h i , 1801 suggests that i t w a s a
s p i r u l o i d o f the f a m i l y R h a b d o c h o n i d a e o r m o r e l i k e l y C a m a l l a n i d a e ; the s p e c i m e n
cannot b e l o c a t e d i n the R M N H (pers. c o m m u n . , J. v a n d e r L a n d ) .
RHYACICHTHYIDAE
Rhyacichthys aspro (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & V a l e n c i e n n e s , 1837)
(figs. 46,71)
Platyptera melanocephala Cuvier, 1829: 248 (nomen nudum).
Platyptera trigonocephala Cuvier, 1829:248 (nomen nudum).
Platyptera aspro Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1837: 321, pi. 326 (drawn by Acarie-Baron)
(type locality Bantam in Java; Celebes).
PlatypterusflavipinnisValenciennes, 1836?, pi. 83, fig. 1.
42
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y b y Valenciennes 1827 of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g o f j u v e n i l e f r o m B a n t a m , w i t h K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t m a n u s c r i p t n a m e Platyptera trigonocephala; T L 63 m m , S L 52 m m (XII A 234); i n k c o p y b y Sophie? of same d r a w i n g ; T L
64 m m , S L 53 m m (XII A 233); fine o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g b y W e r n e r of a d u l t , l a b e l l e d
"Platyptera melanocephala v a n H a s s e l t " a n d "Platyptera trigonocephala v a n H a s s e l t " ;
" g r a n d e u r n a t u r e l l e " T L 184, S L 152 m m ( X I I A 230).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2114,150 m m , syntype, stuffed (specimen d r a w n b y Werner);
R M N H 2113,148 m m , stuffed; R M N H 173,133 m m , skeleton; none i n Paris.
C o m m e n t s . — A p p a r e n t l y v a n Hasselt h i m s e l f thought that h i s juvenile a n d a d u l t
specimens represented t w o distinct species. C u v i e r (1829: 248) considered the figures
of t w o specimens of Rhyacichthys collected b y v a n Hasselt i n B a n t a m represented t w o
species, w h i c h he n a m e d b u t d i d n o t describe. Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes
(1837: 326) p o i n t e d this out, a n d c o n c l u d e d that the figures represented a d u l t a n d j u v e n i l e of a single species, r e m a r k i n g that v a n Hasselt's d r a w i n g of the juvenile h a d paler
coloration enhanced b y l e m o n y e l l o w , w i t h o b l i q u e stripes o n the c a u d a l f i n . T h e f i g ure b y A c a r i e - B a r o n i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes (1837, p i . 326) is based o n a s p e c i m e n
collected b y v a n Hasselt i n B a n t a m ; the same figure w i t h colours a d d e d based o n v a n
Hasselt's d r a w i n g w a s p u b l i s h e d b y Valenciennes (1836?, p i . 83, f i g . 1), as P. flavipinnis.
In this as i n other instances reported herein, it is u n k n o w n w h y W e r n e r ' s d r a w i n g w a s
not p u b l i s h e d .
T h e generic n a m e Platypterus Valenciennes, 1836?, t y p e species b y o r i g i n a l d e s i g n a t i o n a n d m o n o t y p y P. flavipinnis V a l e n c i e n n e s [= P. aspro] c l e a r l y i s s e n i o r to
Rhyacichthys B o u l e n g e r 1901, b u t p o s s i b l y p r e o c c u p i e d b y Platypterus C h a n d o i r , 1838
i n C o l e o p t e r a (cited b y E s c h m e y e r , 1990: 319). If V a l e n c i e n n e s (1836?) w a s i n fact
p u b l i s h e d i n 1836, t h e n Platypterusflavipinnise v e n has s e n i o r i t y o v e r Platyptera aspro
V a l e n c i e n n e s i n C u v i e r & V a l e n c i e n n e s , 1837. N e v e r t h e l e s s , t h e g e n e r i c n a m e
Rhyacichthys is w e l l k n o w n at least to i c h t h y o l o g i s t s , a n d is the basis of the f a m i l y
n a m e R h y a c i c h t h y i d a e , w h i l e Platypterus a n d P . flavipinnis V a l e n c i e n n e s , 1836?
a p p a r e n t l y h a v e b e e n o v e r l o o k e d b y a l l subsequent authors ( i n c l u d i n g E s c h m e y e r ,
1990). Therefore I c o n t i n u e to use Rhyacichthys.
ELEOTRIDAE
Belobranchus belobranchus (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1837)
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2042, 78.9 m m ; R M N H 2045, 67.9 m m ; R M N H 2048, 58.0
mm.
C o m m e n t s . — T h e m a n u s c r i p t n a m e "Eleotris poecilopterus v. H a s s e l t " is b a s e d o n
this species.
Eleotris fusca ( B l o c h & Schneider, 1801)
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 2062, 2 (not f o u n d ) ; R M N H 989, 135 m m a n d R M N H 990,
144 m m , stuffed specimens.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
43
Ophiocara p orocep hala (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1837)
Eleotris ophicephalus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1837:239 (type locality Java).
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s . — M N H N A . 1 5 4 9 , 1 1 7 m m , ho l o t y p e E. op hicep halus; R M N H 987, 211
m m , R M N H 988,185 m m , stuffed specimens; R M N H 175,169 m m , skeleton.
GOBIIDAE
Aulopareia unicolor (Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1837)
(fig. 47)
Gobius unicolor Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1837: 88 (type locality "rivières de l'île de
Java").
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , l a b e l l e d "Gobius unicolor,
L e b a k r i v i e r " ; T L 118 m m , S L 88 m m (ΧΠ A 52).
S p e c i m e n s . — M N H N A . 1 1 2 0 , 6 3 m m (holotype G. unicolor).
C o m m e n t s . — P l a c e d as s y n o n y m o f Acentrogobius chlorostigmatoides (Bleeker,
1849) b y K o u m a n s (1953: 58), b u t i d e n t i f i e d as v a l i d species of Aulopareia i n B a u c h o t
et a l . (1991:40).
Sicyopterus cf. cynocephalus (Valenciennes i n C u v . & V a l . , 1837)
(fig. 48)
Gobius hasseltii Bleeker, 1851: 251, fig . 8 (based on Kuhl and van Hasselt drawing: " longitudo figurae
descriptae 123'" ").
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y b y Valenciennes 1827 of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , w i t h
m a n u s c r i p t n a m e "Gobius setiger"a n d l o c a l i t y " r i v i e r T j i d e k a t " ; T L 122 m m , S L 99
m m ( X I I A 86).
Specimens.— None found.
C o m m e n t s . — T h e c o p y o r o r i g i n a l of the K u hl a n d v a n H a s s e l t d r a w i n g r e p r o d u c e d b y B l e e k e r i n the o r i g i n a l d e s c r i p t i o n of Gobius hasseltii (Bleeker, 1851, f i g . 8) is
lost. T h e w a t e r c o l o u r c o p y b y Valenciennes is b a s e d o n a n o r i g i n a l o r c o p y o f the
same f i g u r e . L y n n P a r e n t i (pers. c o m m u n . , Feb. 1993) i d e n t i f i e d a p h o t o g r a p h of the
V a l e n c i e n n e s c o p y as a m a l e Sicyop terus, p r o b a b l y S. cynocep halus. K o u m a n s (1953:
226) i n c l u d e d Sicydium setiger v a n H a s e l t (a n o m e n n u d u m ) a n d Gobius hasseltii
Bleeker, 1851, as j u n i o r s y n o n y m s of S. cynocep halus.
It is q u i t e p o s s i b l e th at Gobius hasseltii is n o t the same species as Sicyopterus cynocephalus, i n w hi c h case it s ho u l d b e k n o w n as Sicyopterus hasseltii (Bleeker, 1851).
44
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Sicyopus cf. balinense (Bleeker, 1857)
(fig. 49)
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r e d c o p y b y V a l e n c i e n n e s 1827 o f o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g
d r a w i n g , w i t h l o c a l i t y " r i v i e r T j e o n u n g " ; T L 54 m m , S L 46 m m ( X I I A 86 b i s ) .
Specimens.— N o t found.
C o m m e n t s . — I d e n t i f i c a t i o n of d r a w i n g as m a l e ? S. cf. balinense b y L . P a r e n t i
(Feb. 1993), w h o notes that o t h e r w i s e it m i g h t b e Sicyopus polycnodon (Bleeker, 1849).
Stiphodon cf. elegans (Steindachner, 1879)
(fig. 50)
Deltentosteus taeniatus Bleeker, 1983, pi. 438, fig. 12 (nomen nudum; name and figure only).
D r a w i n g s . — O r i g i n a l w a t e r c o l o u r b y u n k n o w n artist, w i t h locality " T j i z e r a l a n g " ;
T L : 41.6 m m , S L 36.0 m m ( R M N H ) , also r e p r o d u c e d i n Bleeker (1983, p i . 438, f i g . 12).
Specimens.— N o t found.
C o m m e n t s . — D r a w i n g i d e n t i f i e d as female Stiphodon, p o s s i b l y S. elegans, b y L .
P a r e n t i (Feb. 1993).
G e n . & spec, u n d e t .
(fig. 51)
D r a w i n g s . — O r i g i n a l w a t e r c o l o u r b y u n k n o w n artist, w i t h l o c a l i t y " T j i s e k a t " ; T L
44 m m , S L 36 m m ( R M N H ) .
Specimens.— N o t found.
C o m m e n t s . — H e l e n L a r s o n (pers. c o m m u n . , F e b . 1993) suggests t h e d r a w i n g
m a y be a Pseudogobiopsis, p e r h a p s P. oligactis (Bleeker, 1875) o r else a Rhinogobius o r a
Pseudogobius.
MASTACEMBELIDAE
Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch, 1786)
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s — R M N H 1349, 4: 57.5-201 m m (201 m m s p e c i m e n w i t h a b o u t 40
p a i r s of rostral toothplates; d o r s a l f i n spines 18); R M N H 1179,199 m m , s t u f f e d ; n o n e
in Paris.
Macrognathus maculatus ( C u v i e r i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1831)
(fig. 52)
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r e d c o p y b y Valenciennes of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , l a b e l l e d
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
45
Rhynchobdella maculata; T L 145 m m , S L 134 m m ( V I U Β 107); w a t e r c o l o u r e d c o p y b y
Sophie(?) of s a m e o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g ; T L 144 m m , S L 134 m m ( V I U Β 104).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 1178, 173 m m , R M N H 1180, 224 m m , stuffed s p e c i m e n s ;
none i n Paris.
Mastacembelus unicolor ( C u v i e r i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1831)
(fig. 53)
Mastacembelus unicolor Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832:453 (type locality Java).
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o r e d c o p y b y Valenciennes 1827 of K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t
d r a w i n g n o t u s e d i n o r i g i n a l d e s c r i p t i o n ; T L 297 m m , S L 277 m m ( V I I I Β 106); w a t e r c o l o r e d c o p y b y Soph ie? of same o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g ; T L 295 m m , S L 275 m m (VIII Β
103).
S p e c i m e n s . — M N H N 5693, 137 m m , ho l o t y p e M. unicolor ( f o r m e r i s t i c d a t a
i n c l u d i n g v e r t e b r a l counts see Roberts, 1989:179, table 16);
R M N H 1354,2:103-159 m m ; R M N H 1181,341 m m , stuffed.
SYNBRANCHIDAE
Monopterus albus Z u i e w , 1793
D r a w i n g s . — Watercoloured copy b y Valenciennes 1827 of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , labelled
"Monopterus javanicus Lacepède de B u i t e n z o r g " a n d "Synbranchus eurychasnis K . v . H . " ;
T L 395 m m (XXVII188).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 3887, 201 m m ; R M N H 3888, 309 m m ; R M N H 3893, 563
m m ; R M N H 3894, 835 m m ; R M N H 2032, 720 m m , R M N H 2033, 730 m m , R M N H
2237,640 m m , stuffed specimens; n o n e i n Paris.
TETRAODONTIDAE
Tetraodon nigroviridis M a r i o n d e Procé, 1822
(fig. 54)
D r a w i n g s . — W a t e r c o l o u r c o p y b y Valenciennes? of o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g , l a b e l l e d
"Tetraodon fluviatilis H a m . B u c h. " a n d "rivière d e l a p r o v i n c e d e B a n t a m " ; T L 84 m m ,
S L 68 m m ( X X I X 79).
S p e c i m e n s . — R M N H 4020,2 (not f o u n d ) ; n o n e i n Paris?
C o m m e n t s . — S o f a r as I h a v e b e e n able to d e t e r m i n e , K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t
m a t e r i a l of T. nigroviridis has n o t bee n reported p r e v i o u s l y ; the w a t e r c o l o u r c o p y of
their o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g w a s located i n the a r c hi v a l m a t e r i a l f o r the u n p u b l i s he d v o l u m e 14 of H i s t o i r e naturelle des Poissons.
There is n o l o c a l i t y a c c o m p a n y i n g th e d r a w i n g cited h ere, a n d I h a v e n o t located
a n y K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t specimens i n P a r i s o r L e i d e n ; ho w e v e r , a brief m a n u s c r i p t
46
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
note b y v a n H a s s e l t o n "Tetraodon melanochloris H a s s e l t " f r o m " f l u v . P a a m b a n g . . . tab.
n o s t r a " p r e s u m a b l y refers to the d r a w i n g .
Incertae sedis
"Cirrhina brevicep s" Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1842
(fig-72)
Cirrhina breviceps Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:293 (type locality rivière de Bantam).
D r a w i n g s . — P e n c i l d r a w i n g of ho l o t y p e b y Valenciennes, l a b e l l e d "Cirrhina breviceps", "Labeobarbus brevicep s" a n d "rivière d e B a n t a m " ; " g r a n d e u r n a t u r e l l e " ; T L
203 m m , S L 150 m m ( X V I C 36).
S p e c i m e n s . — A s i n g l e d r i e d s p e c i m e n seven inch es l o n g , the ho l o t y p e d r a w n b y
V a l e n c i e n n e s at L e i d e n ; a c c o r d i n g to Weber & d e Beaufort, 1916: 238, the s p e c i m e n
n o l o n g e r exists at L e i d e n . N o s p e c i m e n f o u n d i n P a r i s . I h a v e b e e n u n a b l e to f i n d
a n y s p e c i m e n l a b e l l e d Barbus, Cyprinus, Labeobarbus, o r Cirrhina brevis.
C o m m e n t s . — The genus Cirrhina o r Cirrhinus, as n o w u n d e r s t o o d , is not k n o w n to
occur i n Java o r e v e n i n Indonesia. Weber & d e Beaufort, 1916: 238 r e m a r k e d th at th is
species is p r o b a b l y a Labeo. Valenciennes's d r a w i n g , ho w e v e r , w i t h s m a l l m o u t h, sh ort
p a i r of rostral barbels; d o r s a l f i n b r a n c he d rays 11; scales i n lateral series about 36-40,
does i n d e e d c a l l to m i n d th e g e n u s Cirrhinus. T a k i n g i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n a l l of t he
labeoin c y p r i n i d s i n the K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt material, a n d especially th e stuffed speci m e n s , i t seems h i g h l y l i k e l y th at Cirrhina brevicep s w a s b a s e d u p o n a s p e c i m e n o f
Osteochilus w h i c h i s n o l o n g e r extant. S o m e of th ese s p e c i m e n s r e t a i n t h e s t r o n g
u n c u l i f e r o u s r i d g e s o n the l i p s ch aracteristic of Osteochilus; b u t others h a v e th e l i p s
r e m o v e d o r so r e d u c e d b y d r y i n g th at th ey c o u l d easily be m i s t a k e n f o r a species of
Cirrhinus. T h e K u hl a n d v a n Hasselt m a n u s c r i p t n a m e Labeobarbus seriatus, f o r w hi c h
o n l y a single s p e c i m e n is listed i n the " C a t a l o g u e des poissons d e K u hl & v a n H a s s e l t "
m i g h t refer to this taxon.
B a r b i n a e gen. a n d spec, u n d e t .
(fig. 73)
D r a w i n g s . — Ink c o p y of K u hl a n d v a n H a s s e l t o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g l a b e l l e d "Labeobarbus [or Labiobarbus] M i h i K u h l " a n d " S a d i n g - V i t a n g R i v i è r e " ; T L 121 m m , S L 91
m m ( X V I Β 74).
C o m m e n t s . — T h e d r a w i n g a p p a r e n t l y n e v e r w a s u s e d f o r a d e s c r i p t i o n , a n d the
species i t d e p i c t s is u n i d e n t i f e d .
"Pimelodus javus" Valenciennes i n C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1840
Pimelodus javus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 187 (type locality Java, probably erro
neous).
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
47
Drawings.— None.
S p e c i m e n s . — A single s p e c i m e n f o u r a n d a h a l f inches l o n g , the h o l o t y p e , w a s
a t t r i b u t e d to K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t b y Valenciennes. Bleeker (1862: 61) r e p o r t e d h o l o t y p e lost.
C o m m e n t s . — A c c o r d i n g to B l e e k e r (1862: 61) n o species c o r r e s p o n d i n g to the
d e s c r i p t i o n b y V a l e n c i e n n e s o c c u r s i n J a v a . H e s u g g e s t e d it m i g h t b e l o n g to the
N e o t r o p i c a l catfish genus Rhambdia.
Discussion
H . K u h l a n d J.C. v a n Hasselt were a m o n g the best educated naturalists w h o ever
w e n t to the East Indies. T h e y w e r e students of the n o t e d z o o l o g i s t Professor T h e o d o r u s v a n S w i n d e r e n at the U n i v e r s i t y of G r o n i n g e n . I n 1818 they m a d e a w a l k i n g
tour of G e r m a n y , attending lectures a n d v i s i t i n g n a t u r a l h i s t o r y cabinets. I n 1819 K u h l
a c c o m p a n i e d T e m m i n c k o n a s t u d y t r i p to L o n d o n , m e e t i n g L e a c h a n d Robert B r o w n ,
a n d K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt travelled together to Paris, w h e r e they met C u v i e r , G e o f f r o y
St. H i l a i r e , H u m b o l d t , L a m a r c k , L e s c h e n a u l t , a n d others ( K u h l , 1820a). B o t h w e r e
d e e p l y interested i n c o m p a r a t i v e anatomy, often m a k i n g dissections a n d extensive
notes a n d d r a w i n g s . T h e i r p u b l i s h e d w o r k includes a systematic r e v i s i o n of G e r m a n
bats b y K u h l (1818-19); systematic accounts of parrots, g u l l s , m a m m a l s , fishes, a m p h i b ians a n d reptiles b y K u h l (1820a, b); a n d a m o n o g r a p h o n c o m p a r a t i v e a n a t o m y (muscles, b r a i n , v i s c e r a , skeleton) of elasmobranchs, teleosts, a m p h i b i a n s , reptiles, m a m m a l s , a n d b i r d s b y v a n Hasselt a n d K u h l (1820). V a n Hasselt d i d a thesis o n the e m b r y o l o g y of frogs.
T h e results of their i c h t h y o l o g i c a l e x p l o r a t i o n of Java are k n o w n m a i n l y b y the
w o r k of C u v i e r a n d Valenciennes i n the " H i s t o i r e naturelle des P o i s s o n s " . T h e a r c h i v a l
m a t e r i a l for the H i s t o i r e naturelle des Poissons is stored i n the archives of the B i b l i o thèque C e n t r a l of the M u s é u m N a t i o n a l d ' H i s t o i r e N a t u r e l l e , M s s 480-558. I n c l u d e d
are extensive notes a n d originals or copies of most of the d r a w i n g s consulted i n p r e p a r a t i o n of the 22 p u b l i s h e d v o l u m e s of the H i s t o i r e , a n d s i m i l a r material for a n a d d i tional 12 v o l u m e s that w e r e never p u b l i s h e d (Pietsch, 1985). M a t e r i a l for the 22 p u b l i s h e d v o l u m e s of the H i s t o i r e is filed i n M s s 480-525; material for the u n p u b l i s h e d v o l u m e s i n M s s 526-537 a n d 558 ( M s s 538-557 c o n t a i n a v a r i e t y of invertebrates, f o s s i l
fishes a n d other materials not directly related to the Histoire). D r a w i n g s of K u h l a n d
v a n Hasselt fishes are f i l e d i n M s s 494 (Poissons à labyrinthes b r a n c h i a u x ) , 496 (incl.
Mastacembles), 508 a n d 509 (Siluroides), 512,513 a n d 519 ( C y p r i n o i d e s ) , 516 (Loches et
P o e c i l i e s ) , 517 ( H é m i r a m p h e s et E x o c o e t s ) , 521 ( C l u p é o i d e s i n c l . Notopterus), 530
( A p o d e s , i n c l . Monopterus) a n d 532 ( G y m n o d o n t e s ) .
Jacques C h r i s t o p h e (also k n o w n as Jean Charles) W e r n e r (1798-1856) (see N i s s e n ,
1978: 167 for c l a r i f i c a t i o n of n a m e a n d dates) w a s the m o s t i m p o r t a n t i l l u s t r a t o r for
the H i s t o i r e n a t u r e l l e des P o i s s o n s , p r o d u c i n g not quite h a l f of some 620 p u b l i s h e d
i l l u s t r a t i o n s . A p a r t f r o m L a u r i l l a r d , w h o d i d the b e a u t i f u l a n a t o m i c a l i l l u s t r a t i o n s of
the p e r c h i n V o l u m e 1 a n d a n u m b e r of a n a t o m i c a l figures i n later v o l u m e s , h e w a s
the m o s t s k i l l f u l . T h e a n a b a n t o i d fishes Helostoma temminckii, Polyacanthus hasselti,
a n d Trichogaster trichopterus a l o n g w i t h the s n a k e h e a d Ophicephalus limbatus w e r e
illustrated b y Werner based o n K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt specimens and p u b l i s h e d i n
48
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
V o l u m e 7 ( C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1828, p i s . 194-5, 199, 201). W e r n e r also p r e p a r e d
i l l u s t r a t i o n s o f o t h e r K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t s p e c i m e n s , i n c l u d i n g t h e c a r p Cyclocheilichthys armatus, the l o a c h Acantopsis dialuzona, the l o a c h g o b y Rhyacichthys aspro,
a n d s i x n o m i n a l species of b a g r i d catfishes, b u t these w e r e n o t p u b l i s h e d . O r i g i n a l s
or p r i n t e r ' s p r o o f s of these W e r n e r i l l u s t r a t i o n s are a m o n g the a r c h i v a l m a t e r i a l f o r
the H i s t o i r e n a t u r e l l e des P o i s s o n s listed above. A s the o n l y specimens of A. dialuzona a n d m o s t of the other fishes i l l u s t r a t e d b y W e r n e r are i n L e i d e n , either W e r n e r
m u s t h a v e t r a v e l l e d to L e i d e n to d r a w t h e m o r t h e s p e c i m e n s m u s t h a v e b e e n
b r o u g h t to h i m a n d s u b s e q u e n t l y r e t u r n e d .
W e r n e r is best k n o w n f o r the s e v e r a l h u n d r e d c o l o u r plates i n h i s " A t l a s d e s
oiseaux d'Europe p o u r servir de complément a u m a n u e l d'ornithologie de M .
T e m m i n c k " (Werner, 1826-30). H e r a n k s ( w i t h G e o r g e H . F o r d , James G r e e n , a n d
R o b e r t M i n t e r n of L o n d o n , Joseph Z e h n e r a n d E d u a r d K o n o p i c k y of V i e n n a , C h a r l e s
A l e x a n d r e L e S u e u r o f France a n d the U n i t e d States) a m o n g the great i c h t h y o l o g i c a l
i l l u s t r a t o r s o f the nineteenth century. It is a p i t y that a l l of h i s d r a w i n g s of K u h l a n d
v a n H a s s e l t s p e c i m e n s ( a n d i n d e e d of m a n y other fishes) w e r e n o t p u b l i s h e d i n the
a p p r o p r i a t e v o l u m e s of the H i s t o i r e naturelle des P o i s s o n s . T h i s w a s p r o b a b l y relate d to f i n a n c i a l d i f f i c u l t i e s . A l t h o u g h Valenciennes c o n t i n u e d to p r o d u c e the H i s t o i r e
n a t u r e l l e d e s P o i s s o n s , it b e c a m e i n c r e a s i n g l y d i f f i c u l t to o b t a i n f u n d s f o r the w o r k
after C u v i e r d i e d i n M a y 1832. T h i s f i n a l l y r e s u l t e d i n cessation of p u b l i c a t i o n i n
1850 w i t h 12 v o l u m e s u n p u b l i s h e d (Pietsch, 1985). L o n g before this V a l e n c i e n n e s e v i d e n t l y h a d to e c o n o m i z e o n i l l u s t r a t i o n s . A l t h o u g h the n u m b e r of plates p u b l i s h e d
w i t h each v o l u m e d e c l i n e d o n l y slightly, after 1833 ( v o l . 9) p u b l i c a t i o n of successive
v o l u m e s w a s d e l a y e d , a n d b e g i n n i n g w i t h v o l . 11 ( p u b l i s h e d J u l y 1836) the q u a l i t y
of the i l l u s t r a t i o n s d e c l i n e d . W h e r e a s W e r n e r a l w a y s d r e w d i r e c t l y f r o m s p e c i m e n s ,
A c a r i e - B a r o n w a s m o r e of a c o p y i s t , a n d n o t a p a r t i c u l a r l y g o o d o n e . N e a r l y a l l of
the p u b l i s h e d figures of catfishes (vols. 14-16,1840-1842) are b y A c a r i e - B a r o n ; a c u r s o r y search t h r o u g h M s s 508-10 reveals that m a n y w e r e b a s e d o n d r a w i n g s b y other
illustrators. S o m e are d e c i d e d l y i n f e r i o r copies of v e r y g o o d o r excellent p e n c i l o r i g i nals ( u s u a l l y i n c o m p l e t e ) b y C u v i e r . T h e A c a r i e - B a r o n i l l u s t r a t i o n s w e r e e x c o r i a t e d
b y A l b e r t Günther, w h o characterized n o fewer t h a n 13 as n o t g o o d , m e d i o c r e , b a d ,
or v e r y b a d (Günther, 1864; 1868). It m a y be n o t e d that the W e r n e r d r a w i n g s are n o t
a l l o f the highest q u a l i t y , a n d the e x p l a n a t i o n at least i n p a r t is that h e o f t e n h a d to
d r a w s p e c i m e n s that w e r e stuffed o r o t h e r w i s e i n p o o r c o n d i t i o n .
T h e o n l y other p u b l i s h e d figures of K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t fishes i n the H i s t o i r e
n a t u r e l l e d e s P o i s s o n s are of the carps Cyprinus flavipinnis a n d Luciosoma setigerum b y
A c a r i e - B a r o n i n V o l u m e 16 ( C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1842, p i s . 457 a n d 469) a n d of the
loaches Cobitis (= Nemacheilus) chrysolaimus a n d Balitora erythrina (= Homaloptera ocellata) b y O u d a r t i n V o l u m e 18 ( C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1846, p i s . 521 a n d 524).
V a l e n c i e n n e s w a s a n a c c o m p l i s h e d i l l u s t r a t o r of fishes, b u t o n l y f i v e i l l u s t r a t i o n s
i n the H i s t o i r e n a t u r e l l e des P o i s s o n s are a t t r i b u t e d to h i m ; o f these, p e r h a p s t h e
finest is of Coryphaena hippurus i n V o l u m e 9 ( C u v i e r & Valenciennes, 1833, p i . 266).
A l t h o u g h h e m a d e d r a w i n g s of several K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t s p e c i m e n s , m o s t are
i n c o m p l e t e a n d n o n e w e r e p u b l i s h e d . E v i d e n t l y they w e r e o n l y i n t e n d e d as aides
m e m o i r for descriptions.
Pieter Bleeker (1819-1878) a r r i v e d i n B a t a v i a i n M a r c h 1842 a n d r e m a i n e d i n the
E a s t I n d i e s f o r 18 y e a r s , r e t u r n i n g t o H o l l a n d i n S e p t e m b e r 1860 ( W e b e r & d e
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
49
Beaufort, 1911: v i i ) . D u r i n g this p e r i o d , i n the w o r d s of G e o r g e S. M y e r s , " B a t a v i a
w a s the i c h t h y o l o g i c a l c a p i t a l of the W o r l d . " Bleeker a m a s s e d a c o l l e c t i o n of 2500
f i s h species a n d p u b l i s h e d 520 articles o n fishes d u r i n g h i s l i f e t i m e . H e d e s c r i b e d
s o m e 1100 f i s h species, m a r i n e a n d freshwater, m a i n l y f r o m the East Indies. T h e f i s h
collections h e sent to E u r o p e c o m p r i s e d o v e r 30,000 specimens (Day, 1878: i v ) .
B l e e k e r ' s earliest i c h t h y o l o g i c a l p u b l i c a t i o n s c o n c e r n e d t h e fishes of w e s t e r n
Java, b a s i c a l l y the same area s t u d i e d b y K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t o n l y 20 years earlier.
E v e n t u a l l y h e p u b l i s h e d some 44 papers d e a l i n g w i t h fishes of Java. H e m o s t certainl y k n e w about K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t before a r r i v i n g i n Java. I n 1840 a n d i n 1841 h e
a p p l i e d u n s u c c e s s f u l l y f o r a post at the R i j k s m u s e u m v a n N a t u u r l i j k e H i s t o r i e i n
L e i d e n , a n d s t a y e d f o r s i x m o n t h s i n P a r i s , w h e r e " h e spent h i s m o r n i n g h o u r s i n the
h o s p i t a l s , h i s afternoons i n the institutions of the J a r d i n des P l a n t e s " (Weber & d e
Beaufort, 1911: v i ) . H e p r o b a b l y d i d n o t meet Valenciennes, b u t of this I a m u n s u r e . It
is u n k n o w n w h e t h e r Bleeker s a w a n y of the K u h l a n d H a s s e l t specimens o r d r a w i n g s before h e left f o r B a t a v i a . I n a n y event, the fishes r e p o r t e d o n i n B l e e k e r ' s e a r l i est p a p e r s (1844-1847) are m a i n l y l a b r o i d s a n d c a t f i s h e s ; v o l u m e s 14-15 o f t h e
H i s t o i r e n a t u r e l l e d e s P o i s s o n s , i n w h i c h V a l e n c i e n n e s treated these g r o u p s , w e r e
p u b l i s h e d i n J a n u a r y a n d N o v e m b e r of 1840. B l e e k e r r e t u r n e d to H o l l a n d i n t he
S p r i n g of 1841 a n d i n M a y 1841 w a s c o m m i s s i o n e d as a r m y s u r g e o n 3 r d class of the
D u t c h East I n d i a n army. H e w a s o n l y 22 years o l d .
Bleeker o b t a i n e d at least 66 K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t f i s h d r a w i n g s i n Java, as m e n t i o n e d i n h i s p u b l i c a t i o n s f r o m 1851 t h r o u g h 1862 (pers. c o m m u n . , M a r t i e n v a n
O i j e n , M a y 1993). Bleeker d e s c r i b e d s i x n e w species of freshwater fishes k n o w n to
h i m o n l y b y the o r i g i n a l s or copies of K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t d r a w i n g s that he
o b t a i n e d i n J a v a : Barbus (= ?Lobocheilos) hasselti, Leuciscus (= Rasbora) lateristriatus,
Silurichthys hasseltii, Syngnathus brachyurus, Syngnathus fluviatilis, a n d Gobius (=
Sicydium) hasseltii. T h e K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t d r a w i n g of Akysis variegatus o b t a i n e d
b y B l e e k e r p r o v i d e s t he o n l y e v i d e n c e that t h e y c o l l e c t e d t h i s s m a l l a n d p o o r l y
k n o w n species. Bleeker also h a d copies o r o r i g i n a l s of K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t d r a w i n g s o f Homalopsis javanicus a n d Anostoma picta i n h i s p o s s e s s i o n i n J a v a , w h i c h
e n a b l e d h i m to p o s i t i v e l y i d e n t i f y these species. T h e circumstances of h o w h e came
b y the d r a w i n g s is u n k n o w n . E v i d e n t l y he b r o u g h t some of t h e m to L e i d e n after h i s
r e t u r n to E u r o p e i n 1860.1 h a v e n o t c h e c k e d i n t o the fate of the m a r i n e f i s h d r a w i n g s
o b t a i n e d b y Bleeker. P e r h a p s a n u m b e r of t h e m w e r e u s e d i n the plates of h i s A t l a s
I c h t h y o l o g i q u e . O f the freshwater f i s h d r a w i n g s , o n l y a f e w c a n b e i d e n t i f i e d tentat i v e l y w i t h those n o w i n L e i d e n (Silurichthys hasseltii, Syngnathus fluviatilis).
I n a d d i t i o n to d r a w i n g s , Bleeker o b t a i n e d i n Java a "list of fishes sent b y K u h l
a n d v a n H a s s e l t to L e i d e n " (Bleeker, 1858: 24, 94). T h e list Bleeker h a d differs s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m the m a n u s c r i p t list " C a t a l o g u e des P o i s s o n s d e K u h l & v a n H a s s e l t " n o w
i n L e i d e n , i n that it i n c l u d e s m a n u s c r i p t n a m e s of n u m e r o u s m a r i n e A r i i d a e a n d
o t h e r c a t f i s h e s ( e . g . Pimelodus labroides, Pimelodus microstoma, Bagrus breviceps,
Sarcogenys rostratus) (Bleeker, 1858: 24, 94). T h e fate of this list is u n k n o w n . It is notew o r t h y that Bleeker a p p a r e n t l y n e v e r s a w K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t ' s extensive o r i g i n a l
notes a n d u n p u b l i s h e d m a n u s c r i p t s e v e n after h i s r e t u r n to H o l l a n d i n 1860.
Bleeker a p p a r e n t l y d i d n o t recover a n y K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t f i s h s p e c i m e n s i n
Java.
B e t w e e n 1824-27 a n d B l e e k e r ' s r e t u r n to H o l l a n d i n 1860, o r p e r h a p s later,
50
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
a l m o s t a l l of the o r i g i n a l K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t d r a w i n g s c o p i e d b y A c h i l l e V a l e n ciennes a n d S o p h i e D u v a u c e l ( i n c l u d i n g those of m a r i n e fishes) w e r e lost ( A l f r e d ,
1961; K o t t e l a t , 1987: 368).
T h e loss of the K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t f i s h d r a w i n g s ( m a n y f u l l y w a t e r c o l o u r e d )
has n o t b e e n e x p l a i n e d . I h a v e n o t f o u n d o u t h o w , w h e n or w h e r e it o c c u r r e d . S o m e
D u t c h colleagues suggested that the d r a w i n g s w e r e sent to P a r i s a n d k e p t there. M y
search for K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t d r a w i n g s i n the archives for the " H i s t o i r e n a t u r e l l e
des P o i s s o n s " i n the Bibliothèque C e n t r a l e at M N H N f a i l e d to t u r n u p e v e n a s i n g l e
original K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt d r a w i n g . Perhaps I have been overly influenced b y
this, b u t it has l e d m e to t e n d to d i s c o u n t the h y p o t h e s i s that the d r a w i n g s w e r e lost
i n P a r i s . T h e present e v i d e n c e , i n c l u d i n g m a n y copies of freshwater f i s h d r a w i n g s
s i g n e d " A . V a l . L e y d e 1824" a n d a f e w " A . V a l . L e y d e 1827", indicates V a l e n c i e n n e s
c o p i e d the o r i g i n a l d r a w i n g s i n L e i d e n , not i n P a r i s . If the o r i g i n a l s w e r e i n P a r i s he
p r e s u m a b l y c o u l d h a v e retained t h e m u n t i l h i s w o r k w a s c o m p l e t e d , so w h y w o u l d
he g o to the t r o u b l e of c o p y i n g them? A n d if Valenciennes w a s remiss i n n o t r e t u r n i n g the d r a w i n g s to L e i d e n , w h y d i d T e m m i n c k not w r i t e to request t h e i r return?
T e m m i n c k d i d w r i t e for s p e c i m e n s o n l o a n to be r e t u r n e d (letter to V a l e n c i e n n e s ,
d a t e d 12 A u g u s t 1826, B i b l . M N H N a r c h i v e s m s 1 9 9 8 / 1 3 6 , p a r t i a l l y q u o t e d b y
M o n o d , 1963:12). P e r h a p s there is s u c h a letter f r o m T e m m i n c k , o r other d o c u m e n t a t i o n c o n c e r n i n g the m i s s i n g d r a w i n g s , h i d d e n i n the archives. M y l i m i t e d s t u d y of
Valenciennes's w o r k i n other f o r e i g n m u s e u m s , i n c l u d i n g h i s use of the H a r d w i c k e
c o l l e c t i o n of I n d i a n F i s h d r a w i n g s i n L o n d o n , i n d i c a t e s h e c o p i e d o r h a d c o p i e s
m a d e m a i n l y of d r a w i n g s he c o u l d n o t take to P a r i s . W h a t e v e r h a p p e n e d , one c a n
o n l y h o p e that e v e n t u a l l y the m i s s i n g d r a w i n g s w i l l be f o u n d .
C o n c l u s i o n : a n a p p r e c i a t i o n o f K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t as i c h t h y o l o g i s t s
H e i n r i c h K u h l a n d Johan C o e n r a a d v a n Hasselt m a d e a substantial c o n t r i b u t i o n to
the i c h t h y o l o g y of Java a n d of the East Indies. It is l i k e l y that w e are a w a r e of a l l or
almost a l l of their discoveries; perhaps some of their specimens a n d d r a w i n g s never
a r r i v e d i n E u r o p e . D u e to the efforts of v a n Raalten, T e m m i n c k , C u v i e r , Valenciennes,
and Bleeker m o s t of their specimens a n d d r a w i n g s reached L e i d e n , a n d m o s t of their
d i s c o v e r i e s w e r e r e p o r t e d u p o n . T h e s e i n c l u d e the f a m i l i e s H e l o s t o m a t i d a e a n d
R h y a c i c h t h y i d a e , 22 n e w genera, a n d more than 50 p r e v i o u s l y u n d e s c r i b e d species of
freshwater fishes. T h e i r p r o d u c t i v i t y a n d k n o w l e d g e is not to be c o m p a r e d to that of
m e t r o p o l i t a n m u s e u m - b a s e d ichthyologists, s u c h as Valenciennes a n d A l b e r t Günther,
b u t rather to that of the l o c a l l y resident collectors s u c h as Francis H a m i l t o n a n d Pieter
Bleeker. T h e p r o d u c t i v i t y a n d q u a l i t y of the w o r k is best s h o w n b y their d r a w i n g s (or
rather the copies, w h i c h fortunately are of h i g h quality), a n d of their o w n c o n c l u s i o n s
as to the i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of the species they h a d collected. A s demonstrated b y the c o m ments of C u v i e r a n d Valenciennes, b y the Uittreksels, a n d especially b y their u n p u b l i s h e d m a n u s c r i p t s , K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt were f u l l y aware that they h a d d i s c o v e r e d
m a n y n e w genera a n d species of fishes. W h i l e C u v i e r a n d Valenciennes l u m p e d the
genera, K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt's o r i g i n a l taxonomie assessments agree m u c h better w i t h
m o d e r n ones. K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt recognized species (Dermogenys pusilla, "Odontaspis armatus") of sizes s m a l l e r t h a n C u v i e r , V a l e n c i e n n e s , a n d other m u s e u m b a s e d
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
51
ichthyologists of the time w e r e p r e p a r e d to describe. W h i l e their freshwater collections
w e r e n o t so extensive as those m a d e b y other explorers, it s h o u l d be p o i n t e d o u t that
the area they e x p l o r e d w a s not so r i c h , a n d that they discovered a h i g h p r o p o r t i o n of
the species present.
It s h o u l d be n o t e d that the earliest ecological observations of Javanese freshwater
fishes w e r e m a d e b y K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt, a n d p a r t l y recorded i n v a n H a s s e l t (1823c:
132).
" A l t h o u g h the different r i v e r s h a v e a l w a y s m a n y species i n c o m m o n t h e y o f t e n
c o n t a i n a f e w w h i c h are w h o l l y their o w n a n d n o t f o u n d i n others; w h i l s t i n o n e a n d
the same r i v e r the species also differ c o n s i d e r a b l y i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h the a m o u n t the
b e d rises a b o v e sea-level; a n d those are n o t at a l l the same species w h i c h are f o u n d i n
the m u d d y r i v e r s n e a r the b e a c h a n d w h i c h are f o u n d i n the clear w a t e r of the
m o u n t a i n s . There are s o m e notes l a c k i n g at this m o m e n t for g i v i n g y o u the d i s t r i b u t i o n of each species b u t for w h i c h I w i l l h a v e a better o p p o r t u n i t y i n f u t u r e w i t h the
s h i p m e n t " (translated b y M . B o e s e m a n i n A l f r e d , 1961: 85).
W h i l e n o t m e n t i o n e d i n t h i s p a s s a g e , K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t also r e c o g n i z e d
s w a m p s as a d i s t i n c t habitat, b e i n g careful to differentiate the fishes collected i n the
s w a m p s of S a d i n g - V e t a n g f r o m those of the river. S u c h habitat d i s t i n c t i o n s a l m o s t
n e v e r w e r e m a d e (or at least not reported) b y e a r l y f i s h collectors i n A s i a , w i t h the
notable e x c e p t i o n of F r a n c i s H a m i l t o n .
It is also t h r o u g h the d r a w i n g s or copies of K u h l a n d v a n H a s s e l t d r a w i n g s a n d
p a r t i c u l a r l y t h r o u g h t h e i r great u n p u b l i s h e d m a n u s c r i p t s that o n e g a i n s a h i g h l y
f a v o r a b l e r e g a r d f o r t h e i r scientifi c a n d i c h t h y o l o g i c a l ability. T h e d r a w i n g s , l i k e
those of H a m i l t o n , are so w e l l d o n e that one c a n i n v a r i a b l y r e c o g n i z e the species,
a n d t h e y d e m o n s t r a t e a n excellent k n o w l e d g e of fishes. B u t t h e i r k n o w l e d g e a n d
a b i l i t y is best i n d i c a t e d b y their r e c o g n i t i o n of n e w taxa a n d the q u a l i t y of their systematic a n d a n a t o m i c a l d e s c r i p t i o n s . H a d they s u r v i v e d , e x p l o r e d a l l of the m a i n
i s l a n d s of the D u t c h East I n d i e s as o r i g i n a l l y i n t e n d e d , a n d p u b l i s h e d the results
after r e t u r n i n g to E u r o p e , this w o r k w o u l d h a v e b e e n a great a d v a n c e i n the science
of i c h t h y o l o g y .
Acknowledgements
For many years the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle has encouraged and facilitated my
work. I am grateful to friends and colleagues in the Section dTchtyologie for numerous courtesies:
Marie Louise Bauchot, Roland Billard, Jacques Daget, Martine Desoutter, Guido Dingkerkus, Guy
Duhamel, Jean-Claude Hureau, Françoise Nadot, Bernard Seret. Radiographs of several Kuhl and van
Hasselt specimens were prepared by Janine Abel. Marie Louise Bauchot helped decipher Valenciennes's handwritten original descriptions of Macrochirichthys macrochirus and Acantopsis dialuzona. For
discussion of Kuhl and van Hasselt and their fishes, and considerable help of various kinds, I thank
Marinus Boeseman, Koos van Egmont, Lipke Holthuis, Isaac Isbrucker, Peter Koomen, Maurice
Kottelat, G. F. Mees, J. van der Land, Peter Ng, Helen Larson, Han Nijssen, Martien van Oijen, Lynn
Parenti, Ted Pietsch, C. Smeenk, Hans Tegelaar, and Jan van Tol. Drafts of the manuscript were read by
Boeseman, Holthuis, Kottelat and van Oijen, who are responsible for numerous improvements. The
manuscript particularly has benefitted from a number of discussions with L. Holthuis concerning history, nomenclature, and other matters. C. Smeenk and J. van Tol helped with the reading of Kuhl and
van Hasselt's manuscript descriptions of Dermogenys pusilla.
This study would not have been possible without the kind permission and gracious assistance of
52
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Mme Monique Ducreux, Conservateur en chef, Bibliothèque Centrale, MNHN, and her Archivistes
Mmes Catherine Hustache and Françoise Serres. My thanks also to other library staff for their help on
numerous occasions.
The research was supported by grants from the Smithsonian Institution, Muséum National
d'Histoire Naturelle, and the JanJoost ter Pelwijk fund. I am particularly g rateful to Ira Rubinoff,
Ross Simons, Frank Talbot, Roland Billard, and Martien van Oijen for help in obtaining these grants.
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Algemeene Konst en LetterBode, 1:315317.
Hasselt, J.C. van, 1823b. Uittreksel uit een' brief van Dr. J.C. van Hasselt, aan den Heer C.J. Tenuninck —
Op. cit., 1:329331.
Hasselt, J.C. van, 1823c. Uittreksel uit een' brief van den Heer J.C. van Hasselt, aan den Heer C.J.
Temminck, geschreven uit Tjecande, Residentie Bantam, den 29sten December 1822.— Op. cit., 2:
130133.
Hasselt, J.C. van, 1824a. Sur les poissons de Java. Extrait d'une première lettre du Dr. J.C. van Hasselt
à M. C.J. Temminck.— Bull. Sei. Nat. Géol., 2 (zool.) 73: 8992.
Hasselt, J.C. van, 1824b. Extrait d'une seconde lettre sur les poissons de Java, écrite par M. van Hasselt
à M. C.J. Temminck, datée de Tjecande, residence de Bantam, 29 décembre 1822. Suite de la
dernière, écrite en octobre 1822.— Op. cit., 2 (zool.) 306: 374377.
Hasselt, J.C. van, & H. Kuhl, 1820. Beitrage zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie. Zweite Abth.
Beitrage zur vergleichenden Anatomie: 4+212,11 pis [by Kuhl].— Frankfurt am Main.
Hoeven, J. van der, 1830. Handboek der Natuurlijke Dierkunde, of g rondbeg insels der Natuurlijke
geschiednis van het dierenrijk. Deel 2, stuk 1.— Amsterdam, ii+350 pp.
Hoeven, J. van der, 1833. Verzameling der Platen, behorende tot het Handboek der Dierkunde van J.
van der Hoeven: 112, pis. 120.— Amsterdam.
Kottelat, M., 1984. Revision of the Indonesian and Malaysian loaches of the subfamily Noemacheilinae.—
Jap. J. Ichth. 31:225260.
Kotteltat, M., 1987. Nomenclatural status of fish names created by J.C. van Hasselt (1823) and of some
cobitoid genera.—Jap. J. Ichth. 33: 368375.
Koumans, F.P., 1953. The fishes of the IndoAustralian archipelago. X. Gobioidea: xiii+423 .— Leiden.
Kuhl, H., 181819. Die deutschen Fledermäuse: 1149+185215, pis.— Frankfurt am Main.
Kuhl, H., 1820a. Beiträge zur Zoologie und Vergleichenden Anatomie. Erste Abth. Beitrag e zur
Zoologie: 8+152.— Frankfurt am Main.
Kuhl, H., 1820b. Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specerierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus,
etc.— Bonn. Nova Acta Caes. Leop.Carol. Nat. Cur. 10.
Mohr, E„ 1926. Die Gattung Zenarchopterus Gill.— Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst. Geogr. Biol. Thiere 52: 231266.
Monod, T., 1963. Achille Valenciennes et l'Histoire naturelle des Poissons Mélang es Ichthyolo
giques.— Mém. IFAN: 945.
54
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Nissen, C , 1978. Die zoologische Buchillustration: ihre Bibliographie und Geschichte. Band 2:
Geschichte: xvii+604.— Stuttgart.
Pietsch, T., 1985. The manuscript material for the Histoire naturelle des Poissons, 18281849: sources
for understanding the fishes described by Cuvier and Valenciennes.— Archs. nat. Hist. 12:59106.
Roberts, T.R., 1989. The freshwater fishes of western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia).— Mem.
California Acad. Sei. 14: xii+210.
Roberts, T.R., 1992a. Systematic revision of the Old World freshwater fish family Notopteridae.—
Ichth. Expl. Freshw. 2: 361383.
Roberts, T.R., 1992b. Systematic revision of the southeast Asian anabantoid fish genus Osphronemus, with
descriptions of two new species.— Ichthyol. Expl. Freshw. 2:351360.
Rüppell, Ε., 1852. Verzeichniss der in dem Museum der Senckenberg ischen naturforschenden
Gesellschaft aufg estellten Sammlung en. Vierte Abtheilung. Fische und der Skelette: 140.—
FrankfurtamMain.
Sirks, M.J., 1915. Indisch natuuronderzoek. Een beknopte geschiedenis van de beoefening der natuur
wetenschappen in de Nederlandsche koloniën: xi+303,23 pis.— Amsterdam.
Smith, H.M., 1945. The freshwater fishes of Siam, or Thailand.— Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 188: xi+622, 9
pis.
SteenisKruseman, M.J. van, 1950. Malaysian plant collectors and collections: being a cyclopaedia of
botanical exploration in Malaysia and a guide to the literature up to the year 1950: clii+639.—
Haarlem.
Valenciennes, Α., 1836?. Atlas des Poissons. In G. Cuvier, Le Règne Animal, 3rd ed. ("Edition des
Disciples"). 4:120 pis.— Paris.
Veth, H.J. 1879., Overzicht van hetgeen, in het bijzonder door Nederland, gedaan is voor de kennis
der fauna van Nederlandsen Indië: viii+204.— Leiden.
Werner, J.C, 182630. Atlas des oiseaux d'Europe pour servir de complément au manuel d'ornitholo
gie de M. Ternminck.— Paris.
Received: 2.xi.l992
Accepted: 30.iii.1993
Edited: M.J.P. van Oijen
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
Fig. 1. Barbichthys laevis (XVIΒ 32). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 2. Crossocheilus oblongus (XVIC 79). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
55
56
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Fig. 3. Cy clocheilichthy s armatus (XVIΒ 13). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 4. Labeo erythropterus (XVI C 78). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
Fig. 5. Labeo erythropterus, holotype.
Fig. 6. Labeo erythropterus, holotype (head).
57
58
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Fig. 7. Labiobarbus leptocheilus (XVIΒ 75). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 8. Lobocheilos falcifer, adult (XVIC 81). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
Fig. 9. Lobocheilos falcifer, juvenile (Lobocheilos hispidus) (XVIC 80). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 10. Macrochirichthys macrochir, holotype.
59
60
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Fig. 11. Mystacoieucus marginatus (XVIΒ 14). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 12. My stacoieucus marginatus (Barbus obtusirostris of van Hasselt and of Valenciennes) (XVI Β 15).
Photo Bibl. MNHN.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
61
Fig. 13. Osteochilus hasselti, adult (XVIC 16). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 14. Osteochilus cf hasselti, juvenile (Labiobarbus lipocheilus van Hasselt (XVI Β 76). Ph oto Bibl.
MNHN.
62
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Fig. 15. Oxygaster anomalura (XVIIC 33). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 16. Puntius binotatus (XVIΒ 36). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
Fig. 17. Puntius bramoides (XVIΒ 16). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 18. Puntius latenstriga (XVIΒ 12). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
63
64
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Fig. 19. Puntius orphoides (XVIΒ 34). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 20. Rasbora lateristriata (XVIIC 139). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
Fig. 21. Tor tambra, juvenile ("Barbus soro") (XVIΒ 30). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 22. Tor tambra, large adult (XVI Β 29). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
65
66
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Fig. 23. Tor tambra, holotype.
Fig. 24. Tor tambra, holotype (head).
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
Fig. 25. Acantopsis dialuzona (XVIII44). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 26. Homaloptera ocellata (XVIII58). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 27. Homaloptera wassinki (XVIII59). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
67
68
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Fig. 28. Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (XVIII52). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 29. Nemacheilus chrysolaimus (XVIII20). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 30. Pangio kuhlii (XVIII56). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
Fig. 31. Pangio oblongus (XVIII54). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 32. Leiocassis poecilopterus (XIV Β 128). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 33. Silurichthy s hasseltii, holotype (RMNH).
69
70
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Fig. 34. Glyptothorax platypogon (XV A 79). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 35. Dermogenys pusilla (XIX A 3). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 36. Anabas iestudineus, Keultjes original (RMNH).
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
71
Fig. 37. Anabas testudineus, copy of original watercolor by Valenciennes, Leiden, 1827 (VII C 15). Photo
Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 38. Belontia hasselti, Maurevert original (RMNH).
72
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Fig. 39. Betta picta (XVIII151). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 40. Trichopsis vittata (VIIC 61). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
Fig. 41. Trichogaster trichopterus (VIIC 68). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 42. Helostoma temminckii, van Raalten original (RMNH).
73
74
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Fig. 43. Channa gachua (Vu C 108). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 44. Channa lucius, Keultjes original (RMNH).
Fig. 45. Channa lucius (VIIC 83). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
Fig. 46. Rhyacichthys aspro, juvenile (XIIA 234). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 47. Aulopareia unicolor (XII A 52). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
75
76
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Fig. 48. Sicyopterus cf. cynocephalus (XIIA 86). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 49. Sicyopterus cf. balinense (XIIA 86bis). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
Fig. 50. Stiphodon cf. elegans (RMNH).
Fig. 51. Gobiidae, genus and species undet. (RMNH).
77
78
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Fig. 52. Macrognathus maculatus (VIIIΒ 107). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 53. Mastacembelus unicolor (VIIIΒ 106). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 54. Tetraodon nigroviridis (XXIX 79). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
Fig. 55. Cy clocheilichthy s apogon (XVIΒ 49). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 56. Luciosoma setigerum, holotype (XVIΒ 47). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
79
80
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Fig. 57. Macrochirichthy s macrochirus, holotype (XVIIIC 31). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 58. Puntius orphoides (XVIΒ 35). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
Fig. 59. Acantopsis dialuzona, holotype (XVIII43). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 60. Homaloptera ocellata, holotype (van der Hoeven, 1833, pl. 13, fig. 12).
81
82
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Fig. 61. Leiocassis stenomus, holotype (XIV Β 106). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 62. My stus gulio (holotype B. abbreviatus) (XIV Β 113). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
Fig. 63. Mystus nemurus, subadult (XIV Β 119). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 64. Mystus nigriceps, holotype (XIV Β 97). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
83
84
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Fig. 65. Mystus planiceps, holotype (XIV Β 114). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 66. Mystus planiceps, large adult (holotype Β. anisurus) (XIV Β 115). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
Fig. 67. Ciarias batrachus, anatomical drawing (by Keultjes?) (RMNH).
Fig. 68a. Dermogenys pusilla. Viscera (by Keultjes?) (RMNH).
85
86
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Fig. 68b. Dermogenys pusilla. Ovarian embryo (by van Hasselt?) (RMNH).
Fig. 69. Zenarchopterus dispar (XIX A 31). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
Fig. 70. Aplocheilus panchax (XVIII152). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 71. Rhyacichthys aspro, adult; original drawing by Werner (XIIA 230). Photo Bibl. MNHN.
87
88
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Fig. 72. "Cirrhina breviceps", holotype (XVIC 36). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
Fig. 73. Barbinae, gen. & spec, undet. (XVI Β 74). Ph oto Bibl. MNHN.
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
89
Index to scientitic names
abbreviatus (Bagrus)
abbreviatus (Pimelodus)
Acanthophthalmus fasciatus
Acanthophthalmus kuhlii
Acanthophthalmus semicinctus
Acanthophthalmus unistriatus
Acanthopsis biaculeatus
Acanthopsis dialyzona
Acantophthalmus fasciatus
Acantophthalmus javanicus
Acantopsis
Acantopsis dialuzona
Acantopsis dialyzona
Acentrogobius chlorostigmatoides
aculeatus (Macrognathus)
Akysis variegatus
albus (Monopterus)
Anabas scandens
Anabas tampela
Anabas testudineus
Anguilla bicolor
Anguilla malgumora
Anguilla marmorata
Anguilla mowa
Anguilla sidat
anisurus (Pimelodus)
anisurus (Bagrus)
anisurus (Barbus)
anomalura (Oxygaster)
Anostoma
Anostoma picta
antennarius (Dermogenys)
Aplocheilus
Aplocheilus armates
Aplocheilus panchax
apogon (Barbus)
apogon (Cyclocheilichthys)
armatus (Aplocheilus)
armatus (Barbus)
annatus (Cyclocheilichthys)
armatus (Odontopsis)
Ascaris ophiocephali
aspro (Platyptera)
aspro (Rhyacichthys)
Aulopareia
Aulopareia chlorostigmatoides
Aulopareia unicolor
Bagrus
Bagrus abbreviates
Bagrus anisurus
Bagrus breviceps
Bagrus cavasius
28
28
26
26
26
25
23
23
26
26
23,24
23,48
23
43
44
31,32
45
37
37
37
13
14
13
13
13
30
28,30
22
20
34
34,49
35,36
33,34
33
33
15
15
33
15
15,48
50
41
41,42
48
43
43
43
30
28
28, 30
49
28
Bagrus keletius
Bagrus microcephalus
Bagrus nemurus
Bagrus nigriceps
Bagrus planiceps
Bagrus poecilopterus
Bagrus stenomus
Bagrus tetragonocephalus
balinense (Sicyopus)
Balitora erythrorhina
Balitora ocellata
Balitora pavonina
baramensis (Leiocassis)
Barbichthys laevis
Barbus
Barbus anisurus
Barbus apogon
Barbus annates
Barbus binotatus
Barbus bramoides
Barbus douronensis
Barbus gardonides
Barbus hasselti
Barbus hypseconotus
Barbus hypsylonotus
Barbus laevis
Barbus lateristriga
Barbus leuciscus lateristriatus
Barbus maculates
Barbus marginatus
Barbus nudicephalus
Barbus obtusirostris
Barbus orphoides
Barbus rubripinnis
Barbus setigerum
Barbus soro
Barbus striates
Barbus tambra
batrachus (Ciarias)
belobranchus (Belobranchus)
Belobranchus belobranchus
Belontia hasselti
Betta
Betta picta
Betta trifasciata
biaculata (Cobitis)
biaculatus (Cobitis)
biaculeatus (Acanthopsis)
bicirrhis (Kryptopterus)
bicolor (Anguilla)
bimaculatus (Ompok)
binotatus (Barbus)
29
31
28
29
30
27
27
28
44
24
25,48
24
27
15
18,46
22
15
15
21
21
22
21
17,18,49
21
21
15,22
21
22
21
15,19
15
19
21
21,22
18
22,23
21
22,23
14,30,31
42
42
37
34,38,39
38,39
38
23
23
23
32
13
32
21
90
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
binotatus (Puntius)
blematigrina (Muraena)
bontianus(Notopterus)
brachyurus (Microphis)
brachyurus (Syngnathus)
bramoides (Barbus)
bramoides (Puntius)
breviceps (Bagrus)
breviceps (Cirrhina)
breviceps (Labeobarbus)
buchanani (Panchax)
capirat (Notopterus)
Capoeta macrolepidota
carpio (Cyprinus)
cavasius (Bagrus)
cavasius (Mystus)
Cestraeus oxyrhyncus
Channa gachua
Channa limbata
Channa lucius
Channa micropeltes
Channa striata
chaseni (Leiocassis)
Chitala lopis
chlorostigmatoides (Acentrogobius)
chlorostigmatoides (Aulopareia)
Chondrostoma lipocheilos
chrysolaimos (Cobitis)
chrysolaimos (Nemacheilus)
chrysolaimos (Noemacheilus)
chrysostigmus (Esox)
Cirrhina
Cirrhina breviceps
Cirrhinus
Ciarias batrachus
Ciarias nieuhofi
Ciarias punctatus
Clupea macrochira
Cobitis
Cobitis biaculatus
Cobitis biaculeata
Cobitis chrysolaimos
Cobitis fasciata
Cobitis hasselti
Cobitis kuhlii
Cobitis oblonga
Cobitis oblongus
Cobitis octocirrhus
Coryphaena hippuns
Crossocheilus oblongus
Cyclocheilichthys apogon
Cyclocheilichthys armatus
cynocephalus (Sicyopterus)
Cyprinus
21
14
15
36
49
21
21
49
46
46
34
14
16
16
28
28
37
40
40
40,41
41
41
27
14
43
43
17,18
26,48
48
25
33
46
46
46
14,30,31
31
30,31
18,19
24
23
23
26,48
26
25
26
26
26
25
48
15
15
15,48
43
24,46
Cyprinus carpio
16
Cyprinus flavipinna
16
Cyprinus
flavipinnis
16,48
Cyprinus
floripenna
16
Cyprinus oxygaster
20
Dangila kuhlii
17
Dangila leptocheila
17
Dangila lipocheila
15,17,19,20
Dangila lipocheilus
20
Deltentosteus taeniatus
44
deokhatoides (Doryichthys)
37
Deplocheilus erythropterus
16
Dermogenys
34,35
Dermogenys antennarius
35,36
Dermogenys pusilla
34,35,50
Dermogenys pusillus
34
dialuzona (Acantopsis)
23,48
dialyzona (Acanthopsis)
23
dialyzona (Acantopsis)
23
Diplocheilus erythropterus
17
dispar (Hemiramphus)
36
dispar (Zenarchopterus)
36
djambal (Pangasius)
31
doriae (Leiocassis)
27
Doryichthys deokhatoides
37
Doryichthys
fluviatilis
36
douronensis (Barbus)
22
douronensis (Tor)
23
Eleotris fusca
Eleotris ophicephalus
43
Eleotris poecilopterus
42
erythrina (Homaloptera)
24
erythropterus (Deplocheilus)
16
erythropterus (Diplocheilus)
17
erythropterus (Labeo)
16,17
erythrorhina (Balitora)
24
erythrura (Rohita)
19,20
Esox chrysostigmus
33
Esox lucius
40
Esox panchax
33
eurychasnis (Synbranchus)
45
falcifer (Labeo)
17
falcifer (Lobocheilos)
18
fasciata (Cobitis)
26
fasciata (Homaloptera)
25
fasciatus (Acanthophthalmus)
26
fasciatus (Acantophthalmus)
26
fasciatus (Nemacheilus)
25,26
fasciatus (Noemacheilus)
25,26
fasciatus (Pangio)
26
flavipinna (Cyprinus)
16
flavipinnis (Cyprinus)
48
flavipinnis (Platypterus)
41,42
floripenna (Cyprinus)
16
4
2
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
fluviatilis (Doryichthys)
fluviatilis (Syngnathus)
fluviatilis (Tetraodon)
fusca (Eleotris)
gachua (Channa)
gardonides (Barbus)
Glyptothorax platypogon
Gobius hasseltii
Gobius setiger
Gobius unicolor
goramy (Osphronemus)
guacha (Ophicephalus)
gulio (Mystus)
Gymnothorax polyuranodon
Hampala macrolepidota
hasselti (Barbus)
hasselti (Belontia)
hasselti (Cobitis)
hasselti (Lepidocephalichthys)
hasselti (Lobocheilos)
hasselti (Osteocheilus)
hasselti (Polyacanthus)
hasselti (Rohita)
hasseltii (Gobius)
hasseltii (Sicyopterus)
hasseltii (Silurichthys)
hasseltii (Sycidium)
Heleostoma striolatum
Helostoma striolatum
Helostoma temminckii
Hemiramphus dispar
Heniromphis
hippurus (Coryphaena)
hispidus (Labeo)
Homalopsis
Homalopsis javanicus
Homaloptera
Homaloptera erythrina
Homaloptera fasciata
Homaloptera javanica
Homaloptera ocellata
Homaloptera valenciennesi
Homaloptera wassinki
hosii (Leiocassis)
hypophthalmus (Ompok)
hypseconotus (Barbus)
hypsylonotus (Barbus)
javanensis (Osphromenus)
javanica (Homaloptera)
javanica (Nomalopsis)
javanicus (Acantophthalmus)
javanicus (Homalopsis)
javanicus (Monopterus)
javus (Pimelodus)
36
36,37,49
45
42
40
21
31
43,49
43
43
38,39
40
28,29
14
16
17,18,49
37
25
25
17,18,49
19,20
38,47
19,20
43,49
43
49
49
39
39
39,40,47
36
34
48
17
34
33,34,49
24
24
25
24
24,25,33,48
25
25
27
32
21
21
38,39
24
33
26
33,34,49
45
46
keletius (Bagrus)
Kryptopterus bicirrhis
kuhlii (Acanthophthalmus)
kuhlii (Cobitis)
kuhlii (Dangila)
kuhlii (Panchax)
kuhlii (Pangio)
Labeo erythropterus
Labeo falcifer
Labeo hispidus
Labeo oblongus
Labeo scabrosus
Labeobarbus
Labeobarbus breviceps
Labeobarbus seriatus
Labeobarbus thysanocheilus
Labeobarbus tombroides
Labiobarbus
Labiobarbus leptocheilus
Labiobarbus lipocheilus
labroides (Pimolodus)
Labrus trichogaster
laevis (Barbichthys)
laevis (Barbus)
lateristriata (Rasbora)
lateristriatus (Leuciscus)
lateristriatus (Rasbora)
lateristriga (Barbus)
lateristriga (Puntius)
Leiocassis baramensis
Leiocassis chaseni
Leiocassis doriae
Leiocassis hosii
Leiocassis merabensis
Leiocassis micropogon
Leiocassis poecilopterus
Leiocassis regani
Leiocassis stenomus
Lepidocephalichthys hasselti
leptocheila (Dangila)
leptocheilus (Labiobarbus)
Leuciscus lateristriatus
Leuciscus lateústúatus (Barbus)
Leuciscus macrochir
Leuciscus oxygaster
Leuciscus schlegelii
limbata (Channa)
limbatus (Ophicephalus)
Liorhynchus
lipocheila (Dangila)
lipocheilos (Chondrostoma)
lipocheilus (Dangila)
lipocheilus (Labiobarbus)
Lobocheilos
91
29
32
26
26
17
33
26
16,17
17
17
15
17
46
46
46
20
22
46
17
19,20
49
38
15
15,22
22
22,49
49
21
21
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
25
17
17
49
22
18,19
20
15
40
40,47
41
15,17,19,20
17,18
20
19,20
17,18
92
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Lobocheilos falcifer
Lobocheilos hasselti
lopis
(Chitala)
Luciosoma setigerum
lucius (Channa)
lucius (Esox)
lucius (Ophicephalus)
macrochir (Leuciscus)
macrochir (Macrochirichthys)
macrochira (Clupea)
Macrochirichthys
Macrochirichthys macrochir
Macrognathus aculeatus
Macrognathus maculatus
macrolepidota (Capoeta)
macrolepidota (Hampala)
macronema (Mystus)
maculata (Rhynchobdella)
maculatus (Barbus)
maculatus (Macrognathus)
malgumora (Anguilla)
marginatus (Mystacoieucus)
marginatus (Ophicephalus)
marginatus(Barbus)
marmorata (Anguilla)
marmorata (Muraena)
Mastacembelus unicolor
melanocephala (Platyptera)
melanochloris (Tetraodon)
melanosoma (Ophiocephalus)
merabensis (Leiocassis)
micracanthus (Mystus)
microcephalus (Bagrus)
microcephalus (Osteochilus)
microcephalus (Rohita)
micropeltes (Channa)
micropeltes (Ophicephalus)
Microphis brachyurus
micropogon (Leiocassis)
microstoma (Pimolodes)
Monopterus
Monopterus albus
Monopterus javanicus
mowa (Anguilla)
Muraena blematigrina
Muraena marmorata
Mystacoieucus marginatus
Mystus
Mystus cavasius
Mystus gulio
Mystus macronema
Mystus micracanthus
Mystus nemurus
Mystus nigriceps
17,18
17,18,49
14
18,48
40,41
40
40,41
18,19
18,19
18,19
19
18,19
44
44
16
16
28
45
21
44
14
19
40
16,19
13
14
45
41,42
46
41
27
28,29
31
20
20
41
41
36
27
49
47
45
45
13
14
14
19
28
28
28,29
28
28,29
28,29,30
28,29
Mystus planiceps
Mystus wyckii
Nemacheilus chrysolaimos
Nemacheilus fasciatus
nemurus (Bagrus)
nemurus (Mystus)
nemurus (Pimelodus)
nieuhofi (Ciarias)
nigriceps (Bagrus)
nigriceps (Mystus)
nigriceps (Pimelodus)
nigroviridis (Tetraodon)
Noemacheilus chrysolaimos
Noemacheilus fasciatus
Nomalopsis javanica
notatus (Osphronemus)
Notopterus
notopterus (Notopterus)
Notopterus bontianus
Notopterus capirat
Notopterus notopterus
nudicephalus (Barbus)
oblonga (Cobitis)
oblongus (Cobitis)
oblongus (Crossocheilus)
oblongus (Labeo)
oblongus (Pangio)
obtusirostris (Barbus)
ocellata (Balitora)
ocellata (Homaloptera)
octocirrhus (Cobitis)
Odontopsis
Odontopsis armata
Odontopsis armatus
oligactis (Pseudogobiopsis)
olivaceus (Polyacanthus)
Ompok cf. bimaculatus
Ompok hypophthalmus
ophicephalus (Eleotris)
Ophicephalus guacha
Ophicephalus limbatus
Ophicephalus lucius
Ophicephalus marginatus
Ophicephalus micropeltes
Ophiocara porocephala
ophiocephali (Ascaris)
Ophiocephalus melanosoma
Ophiocephalus planiceps
Ophiocephalus radiatus
Ophiocephalus striatus
orphoides (Barbus)
orphoides (Puntius)
Osphromenus javanensis
Osphromenus notatus
28,29,30
30
48
26
28
28,29,30
28
31
29
28,29
29
45
26
26
33
39
47
14
14,15
14
14
14,15
26
26
15
15
26
19
25,48
25,33,48
25
33
33
50
44
37,38
32
32
43
40
40,47
40,41
40
41
43
41
41
41
40
41
21
21
38,39
39
ROBERTS: THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF JAVA
Osphromenus vittatus
Osphronemus goramy
Osphronemus notatus
Osteocheilus
Osteochilus
Osteochilus hasselti
Osteochilus microcephalus
oxygaster (Cyprinus)
oxygaster (Leuciscus)
Oxygaster anomalura
oxyrhyncus (Cestraeus)
panchax (Aplocheilus)
panchax (Esox)
Panchax buchanani
Panchax kuhlii
Panchax pictum
Pangasius djambal
Pangio fasciatus
Pangio kuhlii
Pangio oblongus
Pangio semicinctus
pavonina (Balitora)
picta (Anostoma)
picta (Betta)
pictum (Panchax)
Pimelodus abbreviatus
Pimelodus anisurus
Pimelodus javus
Pimelodus nemurus
Pimelodus nigriceps
Pimelodus platypogon
Pimolodes microstoma
Pimolodus labroides
planiceps (Bagrus)
planiceps (Mystus)
planiceps (Ophiocephalus)
platypogon (Glyptothorax)
platypogon (Pimelodus)
Platyptera aspro
Platyptera melanocephala
Platyptera trigonocephala
Platypterus
Platypterus
flavipinnis
poecilopterus (Bagrus)
poecilopterus (Eleotris)
poecilopterus (Leiocassis)
Polyacanthus hasselti
Polyacanthus olivaceus
polyuranodon (Gymnothorax)
polycnodon (Sicyopus)
porocephala (Ophiocara)
Pseudogobiopsis
Pseudogobiopsis oligactis
Pseudogobius
38,39
38,39
39
20
20,46
19,20
20
20
20
20
37
33
33
33,34
33
38
31
26
26
26
26
24
34,38,49
38,39
38
28
30
46
28
29
31
49
49
30
28,30
41
31
31
41,42
41,42
41,42
42
41,42
27
42
27
38,47
37,38
14
44
43
44
44
44
punctatus (Ciarias)
Puntius binotatus
Puntius bramoides
Puntius latenstriga
Puntius orphoides
pusilla (Dermogenys)
pusillus (Dermogenys)
radiatus (Ophiocephalus)
Rasbora latenstriata
Rasbora latenstriatus
regani (Leiocassis)
Rhambdia
Rhinogobius
Rhyacichthys
Rhyacichthys aspro
Rhynchobdella maculata
Rohita erythrura
Rohita hasselti
Rohita microcephalus
Rohita vittata
rostratus (Sarcogenys)
rubripinnis (Barbus)
Sarcogenys rostratus
scabrosus (Labeo)
scandens (Anabas)
schlegelii (Leuciscus)
semicinctus (Acanthophthalmus)
semicinctus (Pangio)
seriatus (Labeobarbus)
setiger (Gobius)
setiger (Sicydium)
setigerum (Barbus)
setigerum (Luciosoma)
Sicydium setiger
Sicyopterus cynocephalus
Sicyopterus hasseltii
Sicyopus cf. balinense
Sicyopus polycnodon
sidat (Anguilla)
Silurichthys hasselti
Silurus pabuoides
soro (Barbus)
stenomus (Bagrus)
stenomus (Leiocassis)
Stiphodon
Stiphodon cf. elegans
striata (Channa)
striata (Trichopsis)
striatus (Barbus)
striatus (Ophiocephalus)
striolatum (Heleostoma)
striolatum (Helostoma)
Sycidium hasseltii
Synbranchus eurychasnis
93
30,31
21
21
21
21
34,35,50
34
40
22
49
27
47
44
42
41,48
45
19,20
19,20
20
20
49
21,22
49
17
37
15
26
26
46
43
43
18
48
43
43
43
44
44
13
32,33,49
32
22,23
27
27
44
44
41
39
21
41
39
39
49
45
94
ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 285 (1993)
Syngnathus brachyurus
Syngnathus
fluviatilis
taeniatus (Deltentosteus)
tambra (Barbus)
tambra (Tor)
tambroides (Labeobarbus)
tambroides (Tor)
tampela (Anabas)
temminckii (Helostoma)
testudineus (Anabas)
tetragonocephalus (Bagrus)
Tetraodon
fluviatilis
Tetraodon melanochloris
Tetraodon nigroviridis
thysanocheilus (Labeobarbus)
Tor
Tor douronensis
Tor tambra
Tor tambroides
trichogaster (Labrus)
trichogaster (Trichopus)
36,49
36,37,49
44
22,23
23
22
23
37
39,40,47
37
28
45
46
45
20
22
23
22,23
23
38
38
Trichogaster trichopterus
Trichopsis
Trichopsis striata
Trichopsis vittata
trichopterus (Trichogaster)
Trichopus trichogaster
trifasciata (Betta)
trigonocephala (Platyptera)
unicolor (Aulopareia)
unicolor (Gobius)
unicolor (Mastacembelus)
unistriatus (Acanthophthalmus)
valenciennesi (Homaloptera)
variegatus (Akysis)
vittata (Rohita)
vittata (Trichopsis)
vittatus (Osphromenus)
wassinki (Homaloptera)
wyckii (Mystus)
Zenarchopterus dispar
47
39
39
38,39
47
38
38
41,42
43
43
45
25
25
31,32
20
38,39
38,39
25
30
36
Tyson Roberts