Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 © 2019 Iranian Society of Ichthyology P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 Received: January 17, 2019 Accepted: October 7, 2019 doi: 10.22034/iji.v6i0.454 http://www.ijichthyol.org Research Article Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf: Diversity and conservation status Soheil EAGDERI*1, Ronald FRICKE2, Hamid Reza ESMAEILI3, Paria JALILI1 1 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. 2 Im Ramstal 76, 97922 Lauda-Königshofen, Germany. 3 Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. * Email: soheil.eagderi@ut.ac.ir Abstract: This checklist aims to reviews and summarize the results of the systematic researches on the Persian Gulf ichthyofauna that has been carried out for more than 200 years. Since the work of C. Niebuhr, a Danish biologist in the 18th century, the number of valid species has increased significantly and the systematic status of many of the species has changed, and reorganization and updating of the published information has become essential. Here we take the opportunity to provide a new and updated checklist of fishes of Persian Gulf based on literature and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history and new fish collections. The total confirmed fish species of Persian Gulf comprise 744 species, 131 families, 445 genera and 27 orders. In the class Chondrichthyes, the most diverse family is Charcharhinidae with 23 species (41.89%), followed by Dasyatidae with 15 species (31.08%). Within the class Actinopterygii, Gobiidae with 65 species (9.70%), Carangidae with 45 species (6.27%), Serranidae with 25 species (3.73%), Apogonidae with 25 species (3.73%), Lutjanidae with 23 species (3.43%) and Blenniidae with 23 species (3.43%) are the most diverse families in the Persian Gulf. Keywords: Fish diversity, Indo-Pacific, Persian Gulf, Oman Sea, Iran. Citation: Eagderi, S.; Fricke, R.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Jalili, P. 2019. Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf: Diversity and conservation status. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171. (Sheppard 1993). The Persian Gulf comprises a large shallow marine environment with wide fluctuations in temperature and salinity due to its climatic regime. Hence, its fish species must be capable of withstanding the stress of osmotic and temperature extremes (Carpenter et al. 1997). Seawater temperatures of the Persian Gulf can exceed 34°C in summer and might be less than 15°C in winter (Rezai et al. 2004). One important feature associated with such a conditions is high salinity, which is commonly over 40ppt, rises to over 50ppt across large areas, and even exceeds 70ppt in most embayments that have some degree of ponding (Sheppard 1993). Furthermore, the narrow Strait of Hormuz limits larval dispersal from adjacent seas and hence is another factor shaping the species composition of the Introduction The Persian Gulf lies entirely north of the tropic of Cancer and therefore, it can be considered as a subtropical region. It has been located within the large, arid East Asian land mass having more tropical climate in summer, and more temperate climate in winter (Michel et al. 1986; Sheppard 1993). The Persian Gulf is semi-enclosed about 1,000km long and 200-300km wide with an average depth of 36m and a maximum depth of 120m (Michel et al. 1986). It is separated from the Makran/Oman Sea by the Strait of Hormuz, which is restricted to 56km at its narrowest point (Carpenter et al. 1997). Its intertidal areas are extensive with very gradual slopes from the supra-littoral to several km offshore. In several regions, frequent uplifted rocky areas (commonly reef) add relief to a generally very level terrain 1 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Persian Gulf. It was part of a semi-enclosed marine basin that was completely dry as recently as 20000 years ago during the late Pleistocene ice age (see also Esmaeili et al. 2014), thus its current species composition is mostly derived from re-colonisation by the Indo-Pacific biota. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) of the Late Pleistocene (21,00018,000 y. BP), the floor of the Persian Gulf was exposed due to the global fall in sea level, and it later affected the diversity of both freshwater and marine fishes (Esmaeili et al. 2014). Study of the fishes of the Persian Gulf was started by P. Forsskål, a Danish biologist, at nineteen century (Fricke 2008). Subsequent studies have yielded dramatic increases in our knowledge of the biodiversity of the Persian Gulf and Makran Sea fishes and accounts have been published by many authors in different countries describing and discussing fishes subsequently found in the region (Regan 1905; Holly 1929; Blegvad & Løppenthin 1944; Fowler & Steinitz 1956; Menon 1960; Khalaf 1961; Mahdi 1962; Kuronuma & Abe 1972, 1986; Nellen 1973; Kuronuma 1974; Basson et al. 1977; Relyea 1981). In more recent years, Fischer & Bianehi (1984), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Ahmed (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997), Springer & Williams (1994), Randall et al. (1994); Randall (1995a), Ghanbarifardi & Malek (2007), Al-Jufaili (2010), Ghanbarifardi et al. (2014 a, b), Ghanbarifardi et al. (2016), Sadeghi et al. (2017, 2019a), Mehraban & Esmaeili (2017) and Sadeghi & Esmaeili (2019a, b) have contributed more about the diversity of fishes in this region, particularly in the Persian Gulf and Makran Sea. According to Blegvad & Loppenthin (1936-1938), fish species of the Iranian Gulf comprise 214 species within 70 families. Kuronuma & Abe (1972) also provided the fish species list of Kuwait’s ichthyofaunal reporting 465 species within 101 families. Furthermore, Fischer & Bianchi (1984) have provided a five-volume guide book regarding the fishes of the western Indian Ocean region served as the most authoritative source for fish identification and distributions for the Persian Gulf. This fivevolume publication did not cover all fish groups thoroughly, and many of the distributions were not well-known at the time of publication. Morever, a wide range of articles are now being published on the biology, biogeography and genetic variation of fishes (e.g., Teimori et al. 2012, 2014; Ghanbarifardi et al. 2014a, b, 2016; Polgar et al. 2017). Hence, providing an updated checklist and an accurate use of scientific names is essential to communicate research results effectively. Materials and Methods This checklist has been resulted from the works listed in the references and also by examination or accessing available data in ichthyological collections in Iran (e.g., ZM-CBSU, Zoological Museum of Shiraz University, Collection of Biology Department, Shiraz; IMNRFI-UT, Ichtyological Museum of Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, and Iranian Natural History Museum) and extensive field expeditions till January 2019. Higher classification follows Nelson (2006), family classification follows Laan et al. (2014), updated according to Fricke et al. (2019). The more recent version of fishes of the world by Nelson et al. (2016) has not been used here. The deadline for including taxa in this checklist was September 2019. Collection codes: AMNH, The American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, U.S.A.; BMNH, The Natural History Museum, London, U.K.; CAS, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A.; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, U.S.A.; GCRL, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Museum, Ocean Springs, MS, U.S.A.; IOM, P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; LACM, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A.; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, Boston, MA, U.S.A.; MHNG, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Département d'Herpétologie et Ichthyologie, Ville de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; MNHN, Muséum 2 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; MRAC, Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium; NMW, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria; NRM, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Ichthyology Section, Stockholm, Sweden; RMNH, Naturalis National Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, Netherlands; SAIAB, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, National Research Foundation, Grahamstown, South Africa; SIO, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.; SMF, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Abteilung Marine Zoologie, Sektion Ichthyologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; UMMZ, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A; URUN, Université de La Réunion, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine (now Research Unit ENTROPIE), SaintDenis, La Réunion, France; USNM, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zioology, Division of Fishes, Washington D.C., U.S.A.; WAM, Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA, Australia; ZMH, Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Ichthyology, Hamburg, Germany; ZIN, Laboratory of Ichthyology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; ZMA, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Zoölogisch Museum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ZMMU, Zoological Museum, Biological Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia; ZMCBSU, Zoological Museum of Shiraz University, Collection of Biology Department, Shiraz; ZMUC, Københavns Universitet, Zoologisk Museum, Vertebrater, Fiskesamlingen, Copenhagen, Denmark. most diverse order in this class is Carcharhiniformes (31 species, 41.89%), followed by Myliobatiformes (23 species, 31.08%). The most diverse family in class Chondrichthyes is the family Carcharhinidae (23 species, 31.08%), followed by Dasyatidae (14 species, 18.91%). In class Actinopterygii, 670 species in 400 genera, 109 families, and 20 orders were listed. In this class, the most diverse orders include the Perciformes (471 species, 70.30%), followed by Clupeiformes (38 species, 5.67%), Scorpaeniformes (31 species, 4.63%), Pleuronectiformes (28 specie, 4.18%) and Tetraodontiformes (27 species, 4.03%). The most diverse family in this class is Gobiidae (65 species, 9.70%), followed by Carangidae (42 species, 6.27%), Serranidae (25 species, 3.73%), Apogonidae (25 Species, 3.73%), Lutjanidae (23 species, 3.43%) and Blenniidae (23 species, 3.43%). Checklist Class CHONDRICHTHYES Order CARCHARHINIFORMES Family Carcharhinidae Jordan & Evermann, 1896 Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides (Whitley, 1934) Graceful shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b); subsequerntly reported by Moore et al. (2010, 2012a, 2012b), Jabado & Ebert (2015), Jawad (2017) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and Papua New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2008.7.28.4 (1), BMNH 2010.2.8.2 (1, jaws only). Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker 1856) Results The total fish species of the Persian Gulf comprise 744 species in 445 genera, 131 families, 27 orders and 2 classes. The class Chondrichthyes comprises 74 species in 45 genera, 22 families and 7 orders. The Blacktail reef shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Moore et al. (2010); subsequerntly reported by Moore et al. (2012b), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Jawad (2017). 3 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific, Eastern Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Marquesas Islands and Easter Island, north to South China Sea and Hawaiian Islands, south to New Caledonia; Galapagos Islands. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to India. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Persian Gulf material: CSIRO H 6954–01 (1), CSIRO H 6955–01 (1), CSIRO H 6957–01 (1), CSIRO H 7255–01 (1), CSIRO H 7256–01 (1), CSIRO H 7256–02 (1), UMPT 13 (5), UMPT 15 (1), UMPT 19 (1). Carcharhinus amboinensis (Müller & Henle, 1839) Pigeye shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas, but not eastern Pacific. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Carcharhinus falciformis (Müller & Henle, 1839) Silky shark (Yaryoor, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Carcharias menisorrah; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Carcharhinus menisorrah, Menon (1960) as Carcharhinus menisorrah, Khalaf (1961) as Carcharhinus menisorrah, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Carcharias menisorrah, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Carcharhinus menisorrah, Basson et al. (1981) as Carcharhinus menisorrah, Relyea (1981) as Carcharhinus menisorah, Alec & Moore (2012), Moore et al. (2012a) and Jabado & Ebert (2015). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical seas. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Remark: Carcharias menisorrah (Müller & Henle, 1839) is a junior synonym. Carcharhinus brevipinna (Valenciennes in Müller & Henle, 1839) -Spinner shark Status in Persian Gulf: Reported from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981) as Carcharhinus subsequently reported by maculipinnis; Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Basson et al. (1997) as Carcharhinus maculipinnis, Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas, but not in the eastern Pacific. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Remark: Isogomphodon maculipinnis Poey 1865 is a junior synonym. Carcharhinus humani White & Weigmann, 2014 Human’s whaler shark Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by White & Weigmann (2014); previously reported by White (2012) as Carcharhinus sp.; subsequently reported by Jabado & Ebert (2015). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: South and East Africa, Seychelles and Madagascar to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: CSIRO H 6891-01 (1 paratype). Carcharhinus dussumieri (Müller & Henle, 1839) Whitecheek shark (Kooseh-e-chaneh-e-sefid, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Compagno (1984b); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Bishop (2003) as Carcharhinus dussumieri and C. albimarginatus (non Rüppell 1837), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b), White (2012), Dehghani (2014), White & Weigmann (2014), Carcharhinus leiodon Garrick, 1985 - Smooth tooth blacktip shark 4 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Moore et al. (2012a); subsequently reported by Moore et al. (2012b), Jabado et al. (2014) and Jabado & Ebert (2015). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). only). Carcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) - Blacktip reef shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Compagno (1984b); subsequently reported by Hussain et al. (1988) as Carcharhinus melanopteras, Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b) and Jabado & Ebert (2015). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group north to Taiwan, south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839) - Bull shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981); subsequently reported by Compagno (1984b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical seas. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) - Sandbar shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Compagno (1984b); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Jabado & Ebert (2015). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas, possibly absent from eastern Pacific. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller & Henle, 1839) Blacktip shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Compagno (1984b); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b), Jabado & Ebert (2015), Spaet et al. (2015) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Carcharhinus sealei (Pietschmann, 1913) - Blackspot shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Carcharhinus seali. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to South China Sea, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Carcharhinus macloti (Müller & Henle, 1839) Hardnose shark (Kooseh-e-noktiz, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Moore et al. (2010); subsequently reported by Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b) and Jabado & Ebert (2015). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Papua New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south to Western Australia and Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Persian Gulf material: CSIRO H.6888-1 (1, jaws Carcharhinus sorrah (Müller & Henle, 1839) - Spottail shark (Kooseh-e-baleh-syah in Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981) as Carcharhinus spallanzani; subsequently reported by Randall (1986, 1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), 5 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Loxodon macrorhinus Müller & Henle 1839 - Sliteye Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b), Dehghani (2014), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Spaet et al. (2015). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Solomon Islands and northern Vanuatu, north to Taiwan, south to New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Remark: Carcharhinus spallanzani (Péron & Lesueur, 1822) is a junior synonym. shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Moore et al. (2010); subsequently reported by Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Jabado et al. (2015a). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern New South Wales (Australia). IUCN: Least concern (LC). Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron & Lesueur, 1822) - Tiger Negaprion acutidens (Rüppell, 1837) - Sicklefin shark (Kooseh-e-babri, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981) as Galeocerdo cuvieri; subsequently reported by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Galeocerdo cuvieri, Compagno (1984b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Galeocerdo cuvieri, Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012b), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Remarks: Highly migratory species, Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (FAO, Fisheries Department 1994). lemon shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Moore et al. (2010); previously reported by Basson et al. (1981) as Negaprion brevirostris (non Poey 1868), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Negaprion brevirostris (non Poey 1868); subsequently reported by Moore et al. (2012b), Jabado et al. (2014), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Marshall Islands and Society Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Rhizoprionodon acutus (Rüppell, 1837) - Milk shark Glyphis gangeticus (Müller & Henle, 1839) - Ganges Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Carcharias acutus; subsequently reported by Springer (1964), Compagno (1984b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b), Ali (2013a), Dehghani (2014), Jabado & Ebert (2015), Jabado et al. (2015a) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 10 (2), USNM 148103 (1), USNM 148104 (3), ZMUC CN3 (1), ZMUC shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf of Bolster (1948) as Katharicus gangeticus; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Carcharhinus gangeticus, Khalaf (1961) as Carcharhinus gangeticus, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Carcharias gangeticus, and Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Carcharhinus gangeticus. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf (needs verification); Pakistan and India; Myanmar (needs verification). IUCN: Critically Endangered (CR). 6 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf sharpnose shark Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Springer (1964); subsequently reported by Compagno (1984b), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b), Ali (2013a), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Gulf of Thailand, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: ZMUC CN5 (1). by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Hemigaleus balfouri; subsequently reported by Compagno (1984b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Hemigaleus balfouri, Randall (1995a), Carpenter (1997b), Compagno (1998), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a, b), Ali (2013a) and Jabado & Ebert (2015). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to southern Indonesia, north to China and Taiwan. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Remark: This name has been used indiscriminately for the three species of hemigaleids in Indo-Pakistani waters other than Hemipristis elongatus. Junior synonym: Hemigaleus balfouri (Day, 1878). Scoliodon laticaudus Müller & Henle, 1838 - Hemipristis Spadenose shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Carcharias palasorrah; subsequently reported by Compagno (1984b), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Jabado & Ebert (2015). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Philipines, north to southern Japan. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Snaggletooth shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Compagno (1984b) as Hemipristis elongatus; subsequently reported by Carpenter (1997b) as Hemipristis elongatus, Moore et al. (2010) as Hemipristis elongatus, Moore et al. (2012b), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Philippines, north to southern China, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). CN4 (1). Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Springer, 1964 - Grey elongata (Klunzinger, 1871) - Triaenodon obesus (Rüppell, 1837) - Whitetip reef Paragaleus randalli Compagno, Krupp & Carpenter, 1996 - Slender weasel shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf in original description by Compagno et al. (1996); previously reported by Compagno (1988) as Paragaleus sp. nov.; subsequently reported by Carpenter (1997b), Moore et al. (2012a, b) and Jabado & Ebert (2015). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to South China Sea; north to Taiwan. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 21196 (holotype), SMF 28109 (1 paratype), SNMNH F55 (1 paratype). shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Jabado & Ebert (2015). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Panama and Revillagigedo Archipelago, north to Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands, south to New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia and Austral Islands. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Family Hemigaleidae Chaenogaleus macrostoma (Bleeker, 1852) - Hooktooth shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf 7 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Family Sphyrnidae Eusphyrna blochii (Cuvier, 1816) - Winghead shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Zygaena blochii; subsquently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Sphyrna blochii, Compagno (1984b) as Eusphyra blochii, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Sphyrna blochii, Randall (1995a) as Sphyrna blochii, Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to China, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Endangered (EN). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Endangered (EN). Remarks: Highly migratory species, Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (FAO, Fisheries Department 1994). Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) - Smooth hammerhead Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Compagno (1984b); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Circumglobal in warm temperate seas, occasionally in tropical seas. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) - Scalloped hammerhead (Kooseh-e-sarchakoshi in Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Compagno (1984b); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b), Jabado & Ebert (2015), Spaet et al. (2015) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Circumglobal in coastal warm temperate and tropical seas (Compagno 1998). Western Atlantic: New Jersey, USA to Uruguay (Menni & Lucifora 2007), including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean. Eastern Atlantic: western Mediterranean (McEachran & Capapé 1984) to Namibia (Springer 1990). Indo-Pacific: Persian Gulf, Red Sea, East Africa and throughout the Indian Ocean; Japan to New Caledonia, Hawaii and Tahiti. Eastern Pacific: southern California, USA to Ecuador, probably Peru. IUCN: Endangered (EN). Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837) - Family Triakidae Mustelus mosis Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899 Arabian smooth-hound Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Compagno (1984b); previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Mustelus manazo (non Bleeker 1855); also reported as Compagno (1984b) as Hypogaleus hyugaensis (non Miyosi 1939), Carpenter (1997b) as Hypogaleus hyugaensis (non Miyosi 1939), Basson et al. (1981) as Mustelus manazo (non Bleeker 1855); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Mustelus manazo (non Bleeker 1855), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b, 2016), Ali (2013a), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa east to Maldives, India and Sri Lanka. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 19 (1). Great hammerhead Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b); subsequently reported by Compagno (1984b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Jawad (2017). Order LAMNIFORMES Family Odontaspididae Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810 - Sand tiger shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf 8 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); also reported by Mahdi (1950) as Carcharhinus lamia (non Rafinesque 1810), Khalaf (1961) as Carcharhinus lamia (non Rafinesque 1810), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Carcharias lamia (non Rafinesque 1810), Compagno (2001) as Carcharodon carcharias (non Linnaeus 1758), Jawad (2017) as Carcharodon carcharias (non Linnaeus 1758); subsequently reported by Krupp et al. (2000), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012b), Ali (2013a), Jabado et al. (2013), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas, but not in eastern and central Pacific. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Persian Gulf material: SMF 12364 (1). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to western India. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14378 (2). Order MYLIOBATIFORMES Family Dasyatidae Remarks: A Persian Gulf record of Dasyatis bennetti (Müller & Henle 1841) by Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999) needs verification. Brevitrygon walga (Müller & Henle, 1841) - Scaly whipray (Pow-e-dokhar, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999) as Himantura walga; also Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Amphotistius imbricatus (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Dasyatis imbricatus (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Hussain et al. (1988) as Dasyatis imbricatus (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Randall (1995a) as Himantura imbricata (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Himantura imbricata (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Bishop (2003) as Himantura imbricata (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Moore et al. (2012a) as Himantura imbricata (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Jawad (2017) as Himantura imbricata (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Torquato et al. (2017) as Himantura imbricata (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Ziyadi et al. (2018) as Brevitrygon imbricata (non Bloch & Schneider 1801); subsequently reported by Nasir (2000) as Himantura walga, Dehghani (2014) as Himantura walga and Last et al. (2016a). Himantura uarnak (Gmelin, 1789) - Honeycomb Himantura leoparda Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last 2008 - Leopard whipray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Last et al. (2016a). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South and East Africa, Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). stingray (Pow-e-palangy, Persian; Lokmah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Trygon uarnak; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988) as Himantura urank, Wright (1988), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999), Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a) as Himantura uarnak species complex, Dehghani (2014), Last et al. (2016a) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Eastern Cape Province (South Africa), Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Philippines; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Persian Gulf material: USNM 148100 (1). Remarks: This name has been used for a number of similar spotted species (Last & Stevens 1994). Megatrygon microps (Annandale 1908) - Smalleye stingray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf 9 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 by Last et al. (2016a). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, Persian Gulf east to Indonesia and New Guinea, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Pateobatis fai (Jordan & Seale 1906) - Fai whipray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Moore et al. (2012a) as Himantura fai; subsequently reported by Last et al. (2016a) and Jawad (2017) as Himantura fai. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: South Africa to Marquesas, including Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Maculabatis randalli Last, Manjaji-Matsumoto & Moore, 2012 - Arabian banded whipray (Pow-echahargoosh, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Last et al. (2012) as Himantura randalli; also reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Trygon gerrardi (non Gray 1851), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Trygon gerradi (non Gray 1851), Relyea (1981) as Himantura gerrardi (non Gray 1851), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Dasyatis gerrardi (non Gray 1851), Hussain et al. (1988) as Dasyatis gerrardi (non Gray 1851), Randall (1995a) as Himantura gerrardi (non Gray 1851), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Himantura gerrardi (non Gray 1851), Dehghani (2014) as Himantura gerrardi (non Gray 1851), Jawad (2016a) as Himantura gerrardi (non Gray 1851), Jawad (2017) as Himantura gerrardi (non Gray 1851); subsequently reported by Last et al. (2016a), Jawad (2017) as Himantura randalli, and Whelan et al. (2017). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: CSIRO H 7254-01 (holotype), BPBM 29480 (1 paratype), BPBM 33201 (2 paratypes), CSIRO H 7296-01 (1 paratype), MTUF 20642 (1 paratype). Pateobatis jenkinsii (Annandale 1909) - Jenkins' whipray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Last et al. (2016a); also reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Himantura bleekeri (non Blyth 1860), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Himantura bleekeri (non Blyth 1860), Jawad (2017) as Himantura bleekeri (non Blyth 1860), Torquato et al. (2017) as Himantura bleekeri (non Blyth 1860). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South and East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Papua New Guinea, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Pastinachus sephen (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr, 1775) – Cowtail stingray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Hypolophus sephen; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Basson et al. (1981) as Dasyatis sephen, Relyea (1981) as Dasyatis sephen, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Dasyatis sephen, Hussain et al. (1988) as Hypolophus sephen, Krupp & Müller (1994) as Dasyatis sephen, Carpenter et al. (1997b), Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999) as Hypolophus sephen, Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a), Last et al. (2016a), Jawad (2017) and Whelan et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke Pastinachus ater (Macleay 1883) – Black stingray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Al-Mojil et al. (2015); subsequently reported by Last et al. (2016a), Jawad (2017) and Whelan et al. (2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Solomon Islands and New Caledonia, south to northern Australia. 10 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf (2008). Porcupine whipray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Last et al. (2016a). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles and Madagascar east to Mariana Islands and Fiji, south to Western Australia, Chesterfield Islands and New Caledonia; possibly eastern Atlantic. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Remark: synonym of Urogymnus africanus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) and reported by Behzadi et al. (2012). Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte 1832) - Pelagic stingray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Last et al. (2016a). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Least concern (LC). Taeniura lymma (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) – Ribbontail stingray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Wright (1988); subsequently reported by Last et al. (2016a) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and Papua New Guinea, north to Philippines, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke (2008). Urogymnus granulatus (Macleay 1883) - Mangrove whipray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Rastgoo et al. (2016) as Himantura granulata. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Palau and Solomon Islands, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Family Gymnuridae Taeniurops meyeni (Müller & Henle, 1841) - Round Gymnura poecilura (Shaw, 1804) - Long-tailed ribbontail ray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) as Taeniura meyeni; subsequently reported by Bishop (2003), Last et al. (2016a), Jawad (2016a, 2017) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marquesas Islands, north to Korea, southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland (Australia), Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and New Caledonia; also Galápagos Archipelago. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Remarks: More widely known as Taeniura melanospila Bleeker 1853, a junior synonym based on the description of a juvenile specimen. butterfly ray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pteroplatea poecilura; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999) as Gymnura hormosensis and G. poecilura, Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a) as Gymnura cf. poecilura, Zare et al. (2012) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and Society Islands, north to southern Japan. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Remarks: The name Gymnura hormosensis Vossoughi & Vossoughi, 1999 is not available, as it was treated with uncertainty when described; it is here treated as a junior synonym of Gymnura Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) 11 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 poecilura. 1834), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Aetomylaeus maculatus (non Gray 1834), Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999) as Aetomylaeus maculatus (non Gray 1834), Moore et al. (2012a) as Aetomylaeus cf. milvus, and Jawad (2017) as Aetomylaeus maculatus (non Gray 1834). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and southern Arabia east to western India. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Family Aetobatidae Aetobatus flagellum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Longheaded eagle ray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999); subsequently reported by Moore et al. (2012a), Al-Mojil et al. (2015), White & Last (2016b) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Borneo, north to southern China. IUCN: Endangered (EN). Aetomylaeus nichofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Banded eagle ray (Ramak-e-khatkamani, Persian; Lokhmah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Myliobatis nichofii; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Myliobatis aquila (non Linnaeus 1758), Khalaf (1961) as Myliobatis aquila (non Linnaeus 1758), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Aetomylaeus nichofii and Myliobatis aquila (non Linnaeus 1758), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981) as Myliobatis nichofii, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Aetomyleus nichofii, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Myliobatis aquila (non Linnaeus 1758), Hussain et al. (1988) as Aetomylaeus nichoffi, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999), Nasir (2000) as Aetomylaeus niehofii, Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a), Ali (2013a) as Myliobatis aquila (non Linnaeus 1758) and White & Last (2016a). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Philippines, north to Japan. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Aetobatus ocellatus (Kuhl 1823) - Spotted eagle ray (Ramak-e-khaldar, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Jawad (2017); reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Aetobatus narinari (non Euphrasen 1790), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Aetobatus narinari (non Euphrasen 1790), Basson et al. (1981) as Aetobatis narinari (non Euphrasen 1790), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Aetobatus narinari (non Euphrasen 1790), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Aetobatus narinari (non Euphrasen 1790), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) as Aetobatus narinari (non Euphrasen 1790), Bishop (2003) as Aetobatus narinari (non Euphrasen 1790), Moore et al. (2012a) as Aetobatus cf. ocellatus, White & Last (2016b), Jawad (2017) as Aetobatus narinari (non Euphrasen 1790), and Torquato et al. (2017) as Aetobatus narinari (non Euphrasen 1790). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa east to Hawaii and French Polynesia, Japan and Australia. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Family Mobulidae Mobula birostris (Walbaum 1792) - Devil fish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981) as Manta birostris; previously reported by Jabado & Ebert (2015) as Mobula japanica (non Müller & Henle 1841); subsequently reported by White & Last (2016c). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical seas. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Family Myliobatidae Aetomylaeus milvus (Müller & Henle 1841) Ocellate eagle ray (Ramak-e-mokhattat, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by White & Last (2016a); also reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Myliobatis maculatus (non Gray 1834), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Aetomylaeus maculatus (non Gray 12 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Mobula kuhlii (Müller & Henle 1841) - Longhorned Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: South and East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to southern Indonesia. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). mobula Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by White & Last (2016c); previously reported by Basson et al. (1981) as Mobula diabolus (non Shaw 1804), Al-Hassan & Al-Badri (1986) as Mobula diabolus (non Shaw 1804), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Mobula dialobus (non Shaw 1804), Hussain et al. (1988) as Mobula diabolus (non Shaw 1804), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Mobula diabolus (non Shaw 1804), Moore et al. (2012a) as Mobula cf. eregoodootenkee and Jabado & Ebert (2015) as Mobula eregoodootenkee and M. kuhlii. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and New Guinea, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Remarks: Mobula eregoodootenkee (Bleeker 1859) is a junior synonym. Order ORECTOLOBIFORMES Family Ginglymostomatidae Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831) - Tawny nurse shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Wright (1988); subsequently reported by Carpenter (1997b), Compagno (2001), Moore et al. (2012b) and Jabado & Ebert (2015). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: South and East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Society Islands and Marquesas, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Rhinopteridae Family Hemiscylliidae Rhinoptera javanica Müller & Henle, 1841 - Chiloscyllium arabicum Gubanov, 1980 - Arabian Flapnose ray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Rhinopterus adspersa; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Rhinoptera adspersa, Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999), Bishop (2003), Alec & Moore (2012) as Rhinoptera adspersa, and Moore et al. (2012a). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Philippines, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to southern Indonesia. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Remarks. Rhinoptera adspersa Valenciennes in Müller & Henle 1841 is a junior synonym. carpetshark (Gorbeh-kooseh-e-arabi, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Compagno (1984a); subsequently reported by Hussain et al. (1988), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Compagno (2001), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a, b), Dehghani (2014), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and southern Arabia east to western India. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Remark: Chiloscyllium confusum (Dingerkus & DeFino, 1983) is a junior synonym. Chiloscyllium griseum Müller & Henle, 1838 - Grey bambooshark (Hayyasa, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Compagno Rhinoptera jayakari (Boulenger 1895) - Shorttail cownose ray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Al-Mojil et al. (2015); subsequently reported by Last et al. (2016c) and Jawad (2017). 13 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 (1984a), Hussain et al. (1988), Abou-Seedo (1992), Carpenter (1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003) and Jabado & Ebert (2015). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Philippines and Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14399 (1). Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Compagno (1984a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) as Stegostoma varium, Compagno (2001), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012b), Ali (2013a), Jabado & Ebert (2015), Jawad (2017) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Endangered (EN). Family Rhincodontidae Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828 - Whale shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Basson et al. (1981), Compagno (1984a), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter (1997b), Compagno (2001), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012b), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Robinson et al. (2017). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas except the Mediterranean. IUCN: Endangered (EN). Remarks: Identified as one of the species with an unfavorable conservation status in Appendix II of the Bonn Convention for the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals in 1999. Classified as a highly migratory species, in Annex I of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) which called for 'coordinated management and assessment to better understand cumulative impacts of fishing effort on the status of the shared populations' of these sharks (FAO, Fisheries Department 1994). Included in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) since May 2003. This can partially implement the original objective of the FAO International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (IPOA-Sharks). However, international trade still exists. Order PRISTIFORMES Family Pristidae Anoxypristis cuspidata (Lathaman, 1794) - Pointed sawfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pristis cuspidatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Pristis cuspidatus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Pristis cuspidatus, Hussain et al. (1988) as Pristis cuspidatus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999), Jabado & Ebert (2015), Last et al. (2016d), Jabado et al. (2017), Jawad (2017) and Jabado (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Endangered (EN). Pristis zijsron Bleeker, 1851 - Longcomb sawfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pristis zysron; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Pristis zysron, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000) as Pristis pristis (non Linnaeus 1758), Bishop (2003), Jabado & Ebert (2015), Last et al. (2016d), Jabado et al. (2017), Jawad (2017) and Jabado (2018). Family Stegostomatidae Stegostoma fasciatum (Hermann, 1783) - Zebra shark (Kooseh-e-Goor-e-khari, Persian) 14 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: South and East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern China, south to New South Wales (Australia). IUCN: Critically Endangered (CR). IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Rhynchobatus djiddensis (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) - Giant guitarfish (Balando, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999) as Rhynchobatus djeddensis, Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a) as Rhynchobatus cf. djiddensis, Last et al. (2016e) and Jabado (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East and South Africa to Madagascar and Réunion (western Mascarenes) and Persian Gulf. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Order RAJIFORMES Family Rajidae Raja pita Fricke & Al-Hassan, 1995 - Pita skate Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf in original description by Fricke & Al-Hassan (1995), subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Last et al. (2016b). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14381 (holotype). Family Rhinidae Rhina ancylostoma Bloch & Schneider, 1801 - Rhynchobatus laevis (Bloch & Schneider 1801) - Bowmouth guitarfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Rhynchobatus ancylostomus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a), Last et al. (2016e) and Jabado (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Smoothnose wedgefish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Compagno & Last (2008); subsequently reported by Last et al. (2016e) and Jabado (2018). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to southern China, north to southern Japan. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Family Glaucostegidae Glaucostegus granulatus (Cuvier, 1829) - Granulated guitarfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Rhinobatus granulatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Rhinobatus granulatus, Relyea (1981) as Rhinobatos granulatus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Rhinobatos granulatus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Rhinobatus granulatus, Hussain et al. (1988) as Rhinobatus granulatus, Randall (1995a) as Rhinobatos granulatus, Randall & Compagno (1995) as Rhinobatos granulatus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Rhinobatos granulatus, Vossoughi & Vossoughi Rhynchobatus australiae Whitley 1939 - Bottlenose wedgefish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Last et al. (2016e); subsequently reported by Jabado (2018). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, south to eastern Australia. 15 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 (1999) as Rhinobatos granulatus, Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a) as Rhinobatos granulatus, Séret et al. (2016b) and Jabado (2018). Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Myanmar. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33217 (1). and Gulf of Oman east to Bay of Bengal (India). IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Rhinobatos punctifer Compagno & Randall 1987 Spotted guitarfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Séret et al. (2016a); previously reported by Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999) as Rhinobatus schlegelli (non Müller & Henle 1841), Moore et al. (2012a) as Rhinobatos cf. punctifer, and Jabado (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Glaucostegus halavi (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) - Halavi guitarfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Moore et al. (2012a) as Rhinobatos halavi; subsequently reported by Séret et al. (2016b), Whelan et al. (2017) and Jabado (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman to Pakistan. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke (2008). Order TORPEDINIFORMES Family Narcinidae Narcine oculifera Carvalho, Compagno & Mee 2001 - Eyespotted numbfish Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian Gulf; previously reported by Relyea (1981) as Narcine timlei (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Narcine timlei (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Vossughi (1999) as Narcine sp. 1, and Behzadi et al. (2012) as Narcine sp. 2. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Family Rhinobatidae Remarks: A Persian Gulf record of Rhinobatos annandalei Norman 1926 by Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999) needs verification. Acroteriobatus omanensis Last, Henderson & Naylor 2016 - Oman sandshark Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian Gulf; previously reported by Relyea (1981) as Rhinobatos annulatus (non Müller & Henle 1841), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Rhinobatos annulatus (non Müller & Henle 1841), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Rhynchobatus annulatus (non Müller & Henle 1841) and Ali (2013a) as Acroteriobatus annulatus (non Müller & Henle 1841). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf to Gulf of Oman. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Family Torpedinidae Torpedo panthera Olfers, 1831 - Panther electric ray (Fattrah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); also reported by Relyea (1981) as Torpedo marmorata (non Risso 1810), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Torpedo marmorata (non Risso 1810), Vosughi (1999) as Torpedo marmorata (non Risso 1810); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, northern Indian Ocean: Gulf Rhinobatos annandalei Norman 1926 - Bengal guitarfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Jabado (2018). Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf 16 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Bay of Bengal (India). IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Persian Gulf material: USNM 222527 (1). Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to Taiwan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) Torpedo sinuspersici Olfers, 1831 - Variable torpedo Daggertooth pike conger (Mar-mahi-e-tiz-dandan, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Castle & Williamson (1975), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Owfi et al. (2013) as Muraenesox bagio (non Hamilton 1822) and Muraenesox sp. and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Madagascar east to Mariana Islands, north to China, south to northern Australia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). ray Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Olfers (1831); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) as Torpedo sinus-persici, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Torpedo sinus-persicus, Wright (1988), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999), Bishop (2003) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to western India. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Class Actinopterygii Order ANGUILIFORMES Family Congridae Conger cinereus Rüppell, 1830 - Longfin African conger (Mar-mahi-e-bale-e-boland-afrighaei, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b); subsequently reported by Jawad (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Japan and Ogasawara Islands,Hawaiian Islands, Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia and Rapa. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Muraenidae Remarks: A Persian Gulf record of Gymnothorax johnsoni (Smith 1962) by Owfi et al. (2013) needs verification. Echidna nebulosa (Ahl, 1789) - Starry moray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b); subsequently reported by Bishop (2003), Owfi et al. (2013) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Panama, north to southern Japan and Johnston Atoll, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Muraenesocidae Gymnomuraena zebra (Shaw, 1797) - Zebra moray Congresox talabonoides (Bleeker, 1853) - Indian Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994) as Echidna zebra, Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa, pike conger Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Owfi et al. (2013). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East 17 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Galápagos Archipelago and Revillagigedo Archipelago and Bahía Chamela, Mexico, north to Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands, south to North West Cape (Western Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30493 (1). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33329 (1). Gymnothorax pseudoherrei Böhlke 2000 - Brown moray Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Böhlke (2000). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33328 (1 paratype), BPBM 33356 (3 paratypes). Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1830) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Jawad (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Comoros, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Panama and Revillagigedo Archipelago, north to Ryukyu Islands, Ogasawara Islands and Hawaiian Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 195570 (1). Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacepede, 1803) - Undulated moray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Jawad (2017) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa, Port Alfred (South Africa), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Panama and Revillagigedo Archipelago, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands, Hawaiian Islands and Gambier Islands, south to Western Australia at 28°54'S, New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Gymnothorax megaspilus Böhlke & Randall 1995 Kidako moray Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian Gulf; previously reported by Owfi et al. (2014) as Gymnothorax kidako (non Temminck & Schlegel 1846). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: southern Oman to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Strophidon sathete (Hamilton, 1822) - Slender giant moray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Owfi et al. (2013). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Mariana Islands and Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Gymnothorax phasmatodes (Smith, 1962) - Ghost moray Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South and East Africa, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Philippines and Papua New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south to northern Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Ophichthidae Remarks: A Persian Gulf record of Ichthyapus acuticeps (Barnard, 1923) by Owfi et al. (2013) needs 18 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Ophichthus apicalis (Anonymous [Bennett], 1830) - verification. Bluntnose snake-eel Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as O. apicalis and O. celebicus (non Bleeker 1856); subsequently reported by Owfi et al. (2013) as Ophichthus celebicus (non Bleeker 1856). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South and East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147841 (1). Lamnostoma orientalis (McClelland, 1844) Oriental worm-eel Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b); subsequently reported by Zajonz et al. (2002). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to New Guinea, Society Islands and Marqueas Islands, (questionably Society Islands), south to New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Pisodonophis hoevenii (Bleeker, 1853) - Hoeven's Muraenichthys schultzei Bleeker, 1857 - Maimed snake eel Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Pisoodonophis hoevenii, Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf; eastern Indonesia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). snake eel Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Zajonz et al. (2002). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Mauritius (Mascarenes), southwestern Indian Ocean. (Mascarenes) east to Johnston Atoll and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Order ATHERINIFORMES Family Atherinidae Atherinomorus lacunosus (Forster, 1801) - Widebanded hardyhead silverside (Manchoos, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b), Kimura et al. (2007); also reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Atherina forskålii, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Allanetta forskalii, Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Allanetta forskalii, Basson et al. (1981) as Allanetta forsskalii, Relyea (1981) as Allanetta forskåli, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Allanetta forskali, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Allanetta forskali, Krupp & Müller (1994), Bishop (2003) and Taher et al. (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Tuamotu Myrichthys colubrinus (Boddaert, 1781) - Harlequin snake eel Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Field (2005); subsequently reported by Jawad (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Johnston Atoll and Tuamotu Archipelago (but not Hawaiian Islands), north to Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). 19 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia) and Rapa; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2014.5.27.22-23 (2), CAS 44849 (2), SU 68681 (1), SU 68690 (11), USNM 148063 (1). Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) as Saurida undosquamis (non Richardson 1848), Hussain et al. (1988) as Saurida undosquamis (non Richardson 1848), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Saurida undosquamis (non Richardson 1848), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Saurida undosquamis (non Richardson 1848) and Bishop (2003) as Saurida undosquamis (non Richardson 1848). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Gulf of Thailand, north to southern Japan. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (42), UMPT 06 (136), UMPT 07 (7), UMPT 09 (1), UMPT 10 (3), UMPT 11 (20), UMPT 15 (96), UMPT 18 (3), UMPT 20 (1), USNM 265748 (4), USNM 265751 (2). Atherinomorus pinguis (Lacepède, 1803) - Narrowbanded hardyhead silverside Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Pranesus pinguis; subsequently reported by Kimura et al. (2007). Distribution: Indian Ocean: South and East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Indonesia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 02 (2), USNM 147607 (42), USNM 386902 (1). Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795) - Greater lizardfish (Kijar-e-bozorg, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950), Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Abou-Seedo (1992), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Valinassab et al. (2006), Nasir & Khalid (2013), Dehghani (2014), Hoveizavi et al. (2016), Moravec et al. (2016) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to India. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14392 (1), UMPT 06 (1), UMPT 07 (13), UMPT 11 (6), UMPT 13 (5), UMPT 14 (12), UMPT 15 (8), UMPT 16 (4), UMPT 17 (4), UMPT 18 (7), USNM 196491 (1). Hypoatherina temminckii (Bleeker, 1854) - Samoan silverside Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Hypoatherina temmincki; subsequently reported by Bishop (2003). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to China, south to Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 148059 (58), USNM 148060 (60), USNM 148061 (24), USNM 148062 (1). Order AULOPIFORMES Family Synodonthidae Saurida macrolepis Tanaka 1917 - Brushtooth lizardfish (Kijar-e-manghoot, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Inoue & Nakabo (2006), previously reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Saurida undosquamis (non Richardson 1848), Relyea (1981) as Saurida undosquamis (non Richardson 1848), Synodus variegatus (Lacepède, 1803) - Variegated lizardfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986); subsequently reported by Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) and Bishop (2003). 20 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Austrobatrachus dussumieri, Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) as Austrobatrachus dussumieri, Bishop (2003) as Austrobatrachus dussumieri and Jawad (2017) as Colletteichthys dususmieri. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, Kermadec Islands and Rapa, straying to New Zealand. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to Pakistan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 29525 (holotype), BPBM 21485 (1 paratype), BPBM 30509 (1 paratype), BPBM 33302 (1 paratype), BPBM 33398 (3 paratypes), BPBM 41090 (1 paratype), CAS 233656 (1 paratype), SU 64109 (2), USNM 147913 (6 paratypes), USNM 147915 (1), USNM 196473 (1), USNM 392608 (1). Trachinocephalus trachinus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) - Snakefish (Kasoor, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian Gulf; previously reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Trachinocephalus myops (non Forster 1801), Relyea (1981) as Trachinocephalus myops (non Forster 1801), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as T. myops (non Forster 1801) and Bishop (2003) as T. myops (non Forster 1801). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 265749 (2), USNM 265750 (1). Remark: Previously named Trachinocephalus myops (non Forster, 1801). Order BELONIFORMES Family Belonidae Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846) - Flat needlefish (Hakool, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Abou-Seedo (1992), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 148094 (1), USNM 148028 (15). Order BATRACHOIDIFORMES Family Batrachoididae Colletteichthys occidentalis Greenfield 2012 - Flat toadfish (Nakkaka, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf in original description by Greenfield (2012); previously reported by Regan (1905) as Batrachus grunniens (non Linnaeus 1758), Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Batrachus grunniens (non Linnaeus 1758), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Batrachus grunniens (non Linnaeus 1758), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Batrachus grunniens (non Linnaeus 1758), Relyea (1981) as Batrachus grunniens (non Linnaeus 1758), Wright (1988) as Batrachus grunniens (non Linnaeus 1758), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Austrobatrachus dussumieri and Batrachus grunniens (non Linnaeus 1758), Randall (1995a) as Platybelone platyura (Bennett, 1832) - Keeltail needlefish Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian Gulf; previously reported by Randall (1995a) as Platybelone argalus platura (non Rüppell 1837), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Platybelone argalus platura (non Rüppell 1837) and Bishop (2003) as Platybelone argalus (non LeSueur 1821). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comores and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Easter Island and Sala-y-Gomez Ridge, north to east of central Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Kimberleys (Western Australia), 21 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Khalid (2013) as Strongylura strongylurus and Jawad (2016c, 2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to southern China, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, Kermadec Islands and Rapa. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 148029 (11). Strongylura leiura (Bleeker, 1850) - Banded needlefish (Hakool, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Tylosurus leiurus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Tylosurus leiurus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Tylosurus leiurus, Relyea (1981) as Tylosurus leiurus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Tylosurus leiurus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Tylosurus leiurus, Randall (1995a) as Strongylura leiura leiura, Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012), Jawad (2016c, 2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comores, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Easter Island and Sala-y-Gomez Ridge, north to central Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Kimberleys (Western Australia), Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, Kermadec Islands and Rapa. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2014.5.27.2 (1), SMNS 14379 (2), USNM 148030 (16), USNM 148097 (1), USNM 188851 (1). Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821) Hound needlefish (Menghar-mahi-e-shekarchi in Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from the Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969); subsequently reported by Abou-Seedo (1992), Krupp et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012), Nasir & Khalid (2013) as Tylorurus crocodiles and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas, but not in eastern Pacific. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 148095 (1). Tylosurus melanotus (Bleeker, 1850) - Keel-jawed needlefish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Jawad (2016c, 2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa aqnd Persian Gulf east to Revillagigedo, Clipperton and Cocos islands (eastern Pacific). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Exocoetidae Remarks: Persian Gulf records of Hirundichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker, 1853) and Prognichthys brevipinnis (Valenciennes, 1847) by Richards & AlYamani (2008) need verification. Cypselurus oligolepis (Bleeker, 1865) - Largescale flyingfish (Yaradah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Cypsilurus oligolepis; subsequently recorded by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Cypsilurus oligolepis, Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Cypserulus oligolepis, Basson et al. (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall Strongylura strongylura (Hasselt, 1823) - Spottail needlefish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Tylosurus strongylurus; subsequently reported by Misra (1947), Bolster (1948) as Tylosurus strongilura, Mahdi (1950), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Tylosurus strongylurus, Relyea (1981) as Tylosurus strongylurus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Tylosurus strongylura, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003), Nasir & 22 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to southern China, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Hemiramphus far (non Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775), Abou-Seedo (1992), Hussain et al. (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002) as Hemiramphus far (non Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775), Bishop (2003) and Taher et al. (2012) as Hemiramphus archipelagicus (non Collette & Parin 1978). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14415 (4), USNM 148020 (37), USNM 148021 (1), USNM 148022 (8), USNM 148023 (4), USNM 218680 (1). Parexocoetus mento (Valenciennes, 1847) - African sailfin flyingfish (Yaradah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Tylosurus leiurus; subsequently recorded by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (1). Hyporhamphus limbatus (Valenciennes, 1847) Congaturi halfbeak Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Parin et al. (1980); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981), Hussain et al. (1988) as Hemiramphus limbatus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Nasir (2000). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to southern China. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 266356 (6). Family Hemiramphidae Remarks: Persian Gulf records by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Hemirhamphus gaimardi (non Valenciennes, 1847), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Hemirhamphus gaimardii (non Valenciennes 1847), Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Hemirhamphus gaimardi (non Valenciennes 1847), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Hemiramphus gaimardi (non Valenciennes 1847) and Richards et al. (2008) as Hyporhamphus quoyi (non Valenciennes 1847), need verifiation. Hemiramphus marginatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) - Yellowtip halfbeak (Sils, Arabic, Kuwait; Nim-menghar-e-jahandeh, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Hemirhamphus marginatus; subsequently recorded by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Hemirhamphus marginatus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Parin et al. (1980), Basson et al. (1981) as Hemiramphus far (non Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775), Relyea (1981) as Hemiramphus marginatus and as H. far (non Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775), Hyporhamphus sindensis (Regan, 1905) - Sind halfbeak Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Parin et al. (1980); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to Pakistan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147605 (1), USNM 147816 (2), USNM 148024 (53), USNM 218736 (20), USNM 218738 (6), USNM 218739 (4), USNM 218740 (4). Hyporhamphus unicuspis Collette & Parin, 1978 23 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Simpletooth halfbeak Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Parin et al. (1980); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 148023 (1). Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950), Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961), Whitehead (1965), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Whitehead (1985), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003), Hussain et al. (2004), Nasir & Khalid (2013), Jawad (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018) Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and eastern Mascarenes east to Indonesia, Fiji and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia at 22°15'S, New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke (2008). Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes, 1847) Long billed half beak Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Hemirhamphus georgii; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Hemirhamphus georgii, Khalaf (1961) as Hemiramphus georgii, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Hemirhamphus georgii, Parin et al. (1980), Relyea (1981) as Hemirhamphus georgii, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Chirocentrus nudus Swainson, 1839 - Whitefin wolfherring (Kharoo baleh-sefid in Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969); subsequently reported by Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985), Whitehead (1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Abou-Seedo (1992), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Hussain et al. (2004), Dehghani (2014) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Seychelles east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Order BERYCIFORMES Family Monocentridae Monocentris japonica (Houttuyn 1782) - Pineconefish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Jawad et al. (2014c). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Philippines, north to Korea, southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to South Australia, Kermadec Islands and northern New Zealand. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Family Clupeidae Amblygaster sirm (Walbaun, 1792) - Spotted Order CLUPEIFORMES Family Chirocentridae Chirocentrus dorab (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr, 1775) - Dorab wolf-herring (Hiff, Arabic, Kuwait) sardinella Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Sardinella sirm; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Sardinella 24 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf (Amblygaster) sirm, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. Remarks: Earlier records included Dussumieria elopsoides. (1997b) and Taher et al. (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to northern Gilbert Islands (Kiribati), Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Dampier Archipelago (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 06 (2), UMPT 07 (1). Dussumieria elopsoides Bleeker, 1849 - Slender rainbow sardine Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Whitehead (1985); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Somalia and Persian Gulf east to Solomon Islands, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, 1822) Chacunda gizzard shad (Govaf-e-koochak, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Dorosoma chacunda; subsequently reported by Whitehead (1965), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Whitehead (1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2013), Dehghani (2014) and Jawad (2016b, 2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: ZMUC C10-11 (2). Etrumeus sadina (Mitchill, 1814) - Red-eye round herring Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Etrumeus teres; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Etrumeus teres. Distribution: Circumtropical, except for central and eastern Pacific. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 10 (1). Remark: Etrumeus teres (DeKay 1842) is a junior synonym. Herklotsichthys lossei Wongratana, 1983 – Persian Dussumieria acuta Valenciennes, 1847 - Rainbow Gulf herring Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Wongratana (1983); subsequently reported by Whitehead (1985), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf, endemic. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). sardine (Sardin-e-rangin-kaman in Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Whitehead (1963), Whitehead (1965), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Whitehead (1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Sardinella acuta, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Dehghani (2014) and Jawad (2016b, 2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Somalia, Oman, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2014.5.27.15-16 (2), ZMUC CN5-7 (3). Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus (Rüppell, 1837) Bluestripe herring Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b); previously reported by Whitejead (1965) as Herklotsichthys punctatus (non 25 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Rüppell 1837); subsequrntly reported by Whitehead (1985) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Philippines, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia at 21°38'S, Queensland (Australia) south to 16°35'S, and New Caledonia; introduced in Hawaiian Islands. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Krupp & Müller (1994), Nelson & McCarthy (1995), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Nasir & Khalid (2013), Valinassab et al. (2013) as Nematalosa nasua, Dehghani (2014), Jawad (2016b, 2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to southern Korea and southern Japan. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: AMNH 56116 (7), AMNH 56117 (1), AMNH 56118 (6), AMNH 56119 (2), AMNH 56120 (57), AMNH 56121 (38), AMNH 56122 (2), AMNH 56123 (14), AMNH 56124 (10), AMNH 56125 (2), BPBM 29442 (6), BPBM 30363 (3), NMW 4345 (1), USNM 147936 (1), USNM 147937 (5), ZMUC C4-5 (2). Hilsa kelee (Cuvier, 1829) - Kelee shad Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Hilsa kanagurta; subsequently reported by Whitehead (1965), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Macrura kelee, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to New Guinea, north to southern China. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Nematalosa persara Nelson & McCarthy, 1995 Persara gizzard shad Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Nelson & McCarthy (1995); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to Pakistan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: AMNH 56108 (holotype), AMNH 56109 (16 paratypes), AMNH 56110 (4), AMNH 56111 (1), AMNH 56112 (1), AMNH 56113 (9), AMNH 56114 (10), AMNH 56115 (12), BMNH 1982.9.6.128-130 (3), BPBM 30320 (6). Remarks: Previously confused with Nematalosa nasus Bloch 1795. Nematalosa arabica Regan, 1917 - Arabian gizzard shad Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Hussain et al. (1988). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden to Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Nematalosa nasus (Bloch, 1795) - Bloch's gizzard shad (Govaf-e-reshtehdar, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Dorosoma nasus; subsequently reported by Misra (1947), Bolster (1948) as Nematolosa nazous, Mahdi (1950), Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961), Whitehead (1965), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981) as Dorosoma nasus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), AlHassan & Hussain (1985), Whitehead (1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Al-Hassan (1987), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Abou-Seedo (1992), Nematalosa resticularia Nelson & McCarthy, 1995 Gulf gizzard shad Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Nelson & McCarthy (1995); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Somalia and Gulf of Aden to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). 26 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Persian Gulf material: AMNH 56100 (holotype), AMNH 56101 (19 paratypes), AMNH 56102 (34), AMNH 56103 (2), AMNH 56104 (7), AMNH 56105 (1), AMNH 56106 (39), AMNH 56107 (5), BPBM 30412 (2), ZMUC uncat. (1). Remarks: Previously confused with Nematalosa nasus Bloch 1795. Valenciennes 1847), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Sardinella fimbriata (non Valenciennes 1847), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Sardinella fimbriata (non Valenciennes 1847), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Sardinella fimbriata (non Valenciennes 1847), Bishop (2003) as Sardinella fimbriata (non Valenciennes 1847), Richards et al. (2008) as Sardinella fimbriata (non Valenciennes 1847); subsequently reported by Whitehead (1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Valinassab et al. (2013). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South and East Africa, Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to Taiwan, south to northern Western Australia; Lessepsian migrant into eastern Mediterranean (Stern et al. 2014). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1962.10.20.1-41 (41), BMNH 2014.5.27.35-39 (5), ZMUC CN2-3 (2). Opisthopterus tardoore (Cuvier, 1829) - Tardoore Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to western Indonesia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Sardinella albella (Valenciennes, 1847) - White sardinella (Oom, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Sardinella perforata; subsequently reported by Whitehead (1965) as Sardinella bulan, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Sardinella perforata, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Sardinella perforata, Relyea (1981) as Sardinella perforata, Whitehead (1985), Hussain et al. (1988), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Dehghani (2014) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1869.3.4.31-33 (3), UMPT 06 (4), UMPT 07 (2), UMPT 17 (1). Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes, 1847 - Indian oil sardine (Sardin-e-roghani, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986); subsequently reported by Abou-Seedo (1992), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012) and Jabado et al. (2015a). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: Somalia, Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to India. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 10 (2). Sardinella gibbosa (Bleeker, 1849) - Goldstripe Sardinella melanura (Cuvier, 1829) - Blacktip sardinella (Sardin-e-pahloo-talaii, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b); also reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Sardinella fimbriata (non Valenciennes 1847), Whitehead (1965) as Sardinella fimbriata (non Valenciennes 1847), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Sardinella fimbriata (non Valenciennes 1847), Relyea (1981) as Sardinella fimbriata (non sardinella (Sardin-e-dom-syah, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to northern Gilbert Islands 27 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Hilsa ilisha, Khalaf (1961) as Hilsa ilisha, Whitehead (1965) as Hilsa ilisha, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Hilsa ilisha, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Hilsa ilisha, Relyea (1981) as Hilsa ilisha, Whitehead (Kiribati), Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Dampier Archipelago (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia) south to 23°03'S and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). (1985), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Hilsa ilisha, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003), Al-Dubakel (2011), Nasir & Khalid (2013), Valinassab et al. (2013) and Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to South China Sea. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Sardinella sindensis (Day, 1878) - Sind sardinella Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Whitehead (1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003) and Jawad & Sabighzadeh (2012). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to western India. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 06 (2), UMPT 07 (6). Family Engraulidae Encrasicholina gloria Hata & Moromura 2016 Glory anchovy Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Hata & Motomura (2016); previously reported by Whitehead et al. (1988) as Encrasicholina punctifer (non Fowler 1938), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Encrasicholina punctifer (non Fowler 1938), Bishop (2003) as Encrasicholina punctifer (non Fowler 1938) and Jawad & Sabighzadeh (2012) as Encrasicholina punctifer (non Fowler 1938). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf; Lessepsian migrant into eastern Mediterranean Sea. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1984.5.16.9-15 (5 paratypes). Spratelloides delicatulus (Bennett, 1832) - Delicate round herring Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Tasmania (Australia), and New Caledonia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30523 (4), USNM 147827 (4), USNM 148036 (12), USNM 148037 (1), USNM 148038 (3), USNM 148040 (25), USNM 148041 (21), USNM 149042 (12), USNM 148043 (1), USNM 148044 (30), USNM 148045 (4). Tenualosa ilisha (Hammilton, 1822) - Hilsa shad (Mahi Khor Kuchiku, Soboor, Sobur, Zabur, Zomur, Persian; Suboor, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Hilsa ilisha; subsequently reported by Bolster (1948) as Hilsa ilisha, Mahdi (1950) as Hilsa ilisha, Menon (1960) as Encrasicholina heteroloba (Rüppell, 1837) - Shorthead anchovy Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Whitehead (1965) as Stolephorus heterolobus; subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) as Stolephorus heterolobus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Stolephorus heterolobus, Whitehead et al. (1988) as Encrasicholina devisi, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as E. heteroloba and E. devisi, Bishop (2003) as Encrasicholina devisi and Richards et al. (2008). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East 28 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Africa, Persian Gulf and northern Madagascar east to Caroline Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Port Hedland (Western Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147912 (11), ZMUC C4-8 (2). Remarks: Amentum devisi Whitley 1940 is a junior synonym. Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Caroline Islands (Micronesia) and Mariana Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) at 16°30'S, and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Remarks: Authorship and date of species see Fricke (2008). Stolephorus indicus (Van Hasselt, 1823) - Indian anchovy (Motoo hendi, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Whitehead (1965), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Whitehead et al. (1988), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Stolephorus commersoni (non Lacepède 1803), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000) as Stolephorus commersonii (non Lacepède 1803) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Caroline, Mariana and Society islands, north to South China Sea, southward to Dampier Archipelago (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and French Polynesia; Lessepsian migrant into eastern Mediterranean Sea. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: ZMUC C2 (1). Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933 Thryssa dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1848) - Dussumier's thryssa Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Hussain et al. (1988) as Thryssa dussumeiri; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to western Indonesia and South China Sea, north to Taiwan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Thryssa hamiltonii Gray, 1835 - Hamilton's thryssa Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi (1950) as Ergraulis hamiltonii; subsequently reported by Whitehead (1965), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Thrissocles hamiltonii, Nader & Jawdat (1977), Relyea (1981) as Thryssa hamiltoni, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Thryssa hamiltoni, Hussain et al. (1988, 1994) as Thryssa hamiltoni, Whitehead et al. (1988), Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Hoveizavi et al. (2016), Jawad (2016b, 2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to Taiwan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BRC 147 (1), BRC 148 (1), ZMUC C4 (1). - Hardenberg's anchovy Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Probably Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to western Indonesia and South China Sea, north to Taiwan; Mediterranean Sea immigrant. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Thryssa baelama (Bloch & Schneider [ex Forsskål] 1801) - Baelama anchovy 29 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Thryssa mystax (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Engraulis vitrirostris; subsequently reported by Whitehead (1965), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Thrissocles vitrirostris, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Whitehead et al. (1988), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Thryssa vetrirostris, Bishop (2003), Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: South and East Africa to Persian Gulf and Madagascar. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: ZMUC C1-2, 5-14 (12). Moustached thryssa (Boefchach, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994) and Nasir (2000). Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to western Indonesia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 18 (1), UMPT 20 (12). Thryssa purava (Hamilton, 1822) - Oblique-jaw Thryssa whiteheadi Wongratana, 1983 - Whitehead's thryssa Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Wongratana (1983); previously reported by Menon (1960) as Thrissocles malabaricus (non Bloch 1795), Khalaf (1961) as Thrissocles malabaricus (non Bloch 1795), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Thrissocles malabarica (non Bloch 1795); subsequently reported by Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985) as Thryssa malabarica (non Bloch 1795), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Thryssa malabarica (non Bloch 1795), Whitehead et al. (1988), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Richards et al. (2008) as Thryssa malabarica (non Bloch 1795). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). thryssa Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf of Misra (1947) as Thrissocles purava; subsequently reported by Bolster (1948) as Thrissoclea purava, Mahdi (1950) as Thrissocles purava, Khalaf (1961) as Thrissocles purava, Whitehead (1965), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Thrissocles purava, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Thryssa purva and Richards et al. (2008). Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to India. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: ZMUC C3 (1). Thryssa setirostris (Broussonet 1782) - Longjaw thryssa Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Nader & Jawdat (1977); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and Vanuatu, north to Taiwan, south to North-West Cape (Western Australia) and Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material. BRC 146. FamilyPristigasteridae Ilisha compressa Randall, 1994 - Compressed ilisha Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Randall (1994a); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Nasir & Khalid (2013). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33196 (holotype), BMNH 1974.7.22.4 (1 paratype), BPBM 36412 (1 Thryssa vitrirostris (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908) Orangemouth anchovy (Kawa, Lache-e-dahannaranji, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf 30 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf paratype), USNM 329752 (1 paratype). melastomata (non Bloch & Schneider 1801) and Dehghani (2014) as Ilisha melanostoma (non Bloch Ilisha megaloptera (Swainson, 1839) - Bigeye ilisha & Schneider 1801). Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to India. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 14 (1), ZMUC C1-8 (8). (Sawayah, Arabic, Kuwait; Shamsak-e-bozorg, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985); previously reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Ilisha elongata (non Anonymous [Bennett] 1830), Relyea (1981) as Ilisha elongata (non Anonymous [Bennett] 1830); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Ilisha melanoptera and I. elongata (non Anonymous [Bennett] 1830), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Valinassab et al. (2013) and Hoveizavi et al. (2016). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to western Indonesia, north to southern China. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Ilisha sirishai Seshagiri Rao, 1975 - Lobejaw ilisha Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Whitehead (1985); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to western Indonesia and Gulf of Thailand. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES Family Cyprinodontidae Aphanius stoliczkanus (Day 1872) – Common pupfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Freyhof et al. (2017); previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Cyprinodon dispar (non Rüpell 1829), Mahdi (1950) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Menon (1960) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Khalaf (1961) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Relyea (1981) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Krupp (1991) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Randall (1995a) as Aphanius dispar dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Zajonz et al. (2002) as Lebias dispar dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Bishop (2003) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829) and Taher et al. (2012) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829). Ilisha striatula Wongratana 1983 - Striped ilisha (Shamsak-e-koochak, Persian; Sawayah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian Gulf; previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Ilisha indica (non Swainson 1839) and Opisthopterus indicus (non Swainson 1839), Whitehead (1965) as Ilisha indica (non Swainson 1839), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Euplatygaster indica (non Swainson 1839), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Ilisha indica (non Swainson 1839), Relyea (1981) as Ilisha indica (non Swainson 1839), Hussain et al. (1988) as Ilisha melanostoma (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Ilisha melastoma (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Hussain et al. (1994) as Ilisha melanostoma (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Randall (1995a) as Ilisha melanostoma (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Ilisha melanostoma (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Nasir (2000) as Ilisha melanostoma (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Bishop (2003) as Ilisha melanostoma (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Valinassab et al. (2013) as Ilisha 31 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Systematics and historical biogeography of the Aphanius dispar species group is given by Teimori et al. (2018). Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: coastal areas Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Gujarat, India. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147834 (10), USNM 147949 (1), USNM 147950 (10), USNM 147951 (10), USNM 147952 (2). Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian Gulf; previously reported by Al-Hassan & Al-Badri (1986) as Bregmaceros macclellandi (non Thompson 1840) and Hussain et al. (1988) as Bregmaceros macclellandi (non Thompson 1840). Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea east to Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Order ELOPIFORMES Family Elopidae Elops machnata (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) - Tenpounder Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002) and Richards et al. (2008). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes [extinct in Réunion] east to Philippines; possibly Hawaiian Islands. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke (2008). Bregmaceros nectabanus Whitley, 1941 - Smallscale codlet Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986); subsequently reported by Krupp (1991), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Richards et al. (2008). Distribution: Eastern Atlantic; Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles and Madagascar east to Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Bregmaceros rarisquamosus Munro, 1950 - Big-eye unicorn-cod Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b); subsequently reported by Richards et al. (2008). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Philippines and Papua New Guinea, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Megalopidae Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet, 1782) - IndoPacific tarpon Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b); subsequently reported by Zajonz et al. (2002). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Mariana Islands, Tuamotu Archipelago and Marquesas Islands, north to southern Korea, south to New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia and Austral Islands. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Order GASTEROSTEIFORMES Family Pegasidae Pegasus volitans Linnaeus, 1758 - Longtail seamouth Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981) as Pegasus natans; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Parapegasus natans, Palsson & Pietsch (1989), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to Order GADIFORMES Family Bregmacerotidae Bregmaceros arabicus D'Ancona & Cavinato, 1965 32 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf (1987), Randall (1995a) as Antennarius nummifer, Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) as Antennarius nummifer and Bishop (2003) as Antennarius nummifer. Distribution: Eastern and central Atlantic: Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, Saint Helena; Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia) and northern New Zealand. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remark: Previously named Antennarius nummifer (Cuvier, 1817). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1898.12.24.103-112 (22), FMNH 2487 (6). northern Australia. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 21114 (2), BPBM 30321 (1), UMPT 14 (1), USNM 147848 (5), USNM 195571 (1), WAM 25988-002 (1). Remarks: Pegasus natans Linnaeus 1766 is a junior synonym. Order GONORYNCHIFORMES FamilyChanidae Chanos chanos (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) - Milkfish (Khameh Mahi, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969); subsequently reported by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012) and Coad (2015). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific and adjacent river systems: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Panama, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia) and Norfolk Island; Mediterranean Sea immigrant. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: CMNFI 1979-0142 (11). Remarks: Authorship of species see Fricke (2008). Family Lophiidae Lophiomus setigerus (Vahl 1797) - Blackmouth angler Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Jawad & Al-Badri (2014). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa and Persian Gulf east to Marshall Islands and Fiji, north to Sea of Japan, south to Shark Bay (Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Order LOPHIIFORMES Family Antennariidae Antennarius indicus Schultz, 1964 - Indian frogfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Jawad & Hussain (2014). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to India and Sri Lanka. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Order OPHIDIIFORMES Family Bythitidae Dinematichthys iluocoeteoides Bleeker, 1855 Yellow pigmy brotula Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b); subsequently reported by Møller & Schwarzhans (2008). Distribution: Southern Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara islands and Taiwan, south to Western Australia and Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Antennatus nummifer (Cuvier, 1817) - Spotfin frogfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Antennarius nummifer; subsequently reported by Pietsch & Grobecker 33 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30860 (1), BPBM 30861 (1). Order PERCIFORMES Remarks: There are cotraversial debates about the families and some of Perciformes and some of them have been considered as distinct order (see Nelson et al. 2016). Family Acanthuridae Acanthurus sohal (Gmelin [ex Forsskål] 1789) Sohal surgeonfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981); subsequently reported by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Acanthurus lineatus (non Linnaeus 1758), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Acanthurus sohal and A. lineatus (non Linnaeus 1758), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Randall (2002), Bishop (2003), Buchanan et al. (2015), Jawad (2017) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 226508 (1). Remarks: Authorship and date of species see Fricke (2008). Family Ophidiidae Brotula multibarbata Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 Goatsbeard brotula Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Neobythites gloriae Uiblein & Nielsen, 2018 Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Uiblein & Nielsen (2018); previously reported by Nielsen (1995, 2002) as Neobythites steatiticus (non Alcock 1894). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMHN 1910.1.31.23 (1 paratype). Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Convict surgeonfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Relyea (1981); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) and Randall (2002). Distribution: Indo-Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Mexico and Panama (eastern Pacific), north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, Kermadec Islands, Rapa and Ducie (Pitcairn Group). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Neobythites sp. Status in Persian Gulf: Reported from Persian Gulf by Jawad et al. (2014b) as Neobythites steatiticus (non Alcock 1894). Persian Gulf material: MRSCI 00012. Spottobrotula persica Nielsen, Schwarzhans & Uiblein 2014 - Persian brotula Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Schwarzhans et al. (2014). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Socotra Island, Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: ZMUC P771720 (holotype), ISRCB (2 paratypes). Ctenochaetus truncatus Randall & Clements 2001 Indian goldring bristletooth Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian Gulf; previously reported by Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Ctenochaetus strigosus (non Bennett 1828) and Relyea (1981) as Ctenochaetus striatus (non Quoy & 34 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Gaimard 1825). Distribution: Indian Ocean: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Aldabra, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Andaman Sea and Indonesia, Christmas Island and Cocos Keeling Islands. IUCN: Least concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BRC 167 (1). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar, Réunion and Mauritius (western Mascarenes) east to western India. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Family Apogonidae Apogon coccineus Rüppell, 1838 - Ruby cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Greenfield (2001), Bishop (2003) and Gon & Randall (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 21296 (6), USNM 266550 (3). Zebrasoma xanthurum (Blyth, 1852) - Yellowtail tang Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Klausewitz (1969); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Zebrasoma xanthurus, Basson et al. (1981) as Zebrasoma xanthurus, Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Zebrasoma xanthurus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Randall (2002), Bishop (2003), Al-Badri & Jawad (2014), Buchanan et al. (2015) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf to Maldives and Sri Lanka. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 380692 (2). Apogonichthyoides pharaonis (Bellotti, 1874) Bullseye (Dahanlaneh-e-Khaldar, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Gon (2000) as Apogon pharaonis; previously reported by by Regan (1905) as Apogon nigripinnis (non Cuvier, 1828), Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Apogon thurstoni, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Apogon thurstoni, Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Apogon thurstoni, Relyea (1981) as Apogonichthyoides nigripinnis (non Cuvier 1828), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Apogon nigripinnis group (non Cuvier 1828) and Apogon thurstoni, Abou-Seedo (1992) as Apogon pharaonis, Randall (1995a) as Apogon nigripinnis (non Cuvier, 1828), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Apogon nigripinnis (non Cuvier, 1828; subsequently reported by Gon & Randall (2003) as Apogon pharaonis. Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to India; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1899.5.8.23 (1), BRC 155 (1), MCZ 59291 (1), UMPT 13 (2), UMPT 14 (2), UMPT 16 (1), UMPT 19 (10), UMPT 20 (2), Family Acropomatidae Acropoma splendens (Lloyd, 1909) - Indian glowbelly Status in Persian Gulf: New record of this taxon from Persian Gulf; previously reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Acropoma japonicum (non Günther 1859) and by Okamoto & Golani (2017) as Acropoma lacrima. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Oman and Persian Gulf east to western India. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Ambassidae Ambassis ambassis (Lacepède, 1802) - Bald glassy Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Zajonz et al. (2002) as Ambassis gymnocephalus. 35 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Cheliodipterus macrodon (Lacepède, 1802) - Large USNM 149680 (1), USNM 196482 (1). Doublebar cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a) as Apogon pseudotaeniatus; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Apogon pseudotaeniatus and Gon & Randall (2003) as Apogon pseudotaeniatus. Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to Pakistan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). toothed cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Rapa. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Apogonichthyoides taeniatus (Cuvier, 1828) - Cheliodipterus novemstriatus (Rüppell, 1838) - Twobelt cardinal Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Apogon bifasciatus; subsequently reported by Gon (1986b) as Apogon taeniatus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Apogon taeniatus, Smith & Saleh (1987) as Apogon taeniatus, Krupp & Müller (1994) as Apogon taeniatus, Randall (1995a) as Apogon taeniatus, Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) as Apogon taeniatus and Bishop (2003) as Apogon taeniatus. Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf to Madagascar; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14425 (1), USNM 147939 (2), USNM 196479 (2), USNM 266553 (1). Indian Ocean twospot cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description of Paramia bipunctata by Lachner (1951); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Cheilodipterus bipunctatus, Gon (1993), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Gon & Randall (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden east to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 09 (33), USNM 147944 (holotype of Paramia bipunctata Lachner 1951), BPBM 30446 (5), USNM 112039 (2 paratypes of Paramia bipunctata Lachner 1951). Apogonichthyoides pseudotaeniatus (Gon, 1986) - Cheilodipterus persicus Gon, 1993 - Persian cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf in original description by Gon (1993); previously reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Cheilodipterus arabicus (non Gmelin 1789), Smith & Saleh (1987) as Cheilodipterus arabicus (non Gmelin 1789); subsequently reported by Krupp & Müller (1994) as Cheilodipterus arabicus (non Gmelin 1789), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Apogonichthyoides uninotatus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912) - Onespot cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Apogon uninotatus; subsequently reported by Basson et al. (1981) as Apogon uninotatus, Wright (1988), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Apogon uninotatus and Edwin (2012). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf eaat to Philippines. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 196481 (3). 36 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Persian Gulf material: BPBM 34755 (holotype), BPBM 21256 (3 paratypes), BPBM 29505 (3 paratypes), SMF 19803 (4 paratypes), USNM 147942 (8 paratypes), WAM P.25979-001 (3 paratypes), WAM P.26463-005 (1 paratype). Marshall Islands, Line Islands and Society Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), and Tonga. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33297 (1). Remark: Fowleria abocellata (Goren & Karplus, 1980) is a junior synonym. Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus Cuvier, 1828 - Fivelined cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Relyea (1981); subsequently reported by Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Gon & Randall (2003) and Edwin (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Lord Howe Island and Rapa. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Fowleria variegata (Valenciennes, 1832) Jaydia queketti (Gilchrist, 1903) - Spotfin cardinal Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a) as Apogon queketti; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Apogon queketti, Gon (1997) as Apogon (Jaydia) queketti and Gon & Randall (2003) as Apogon queketti. Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: South and East Africa and Persian Gulf east to western India; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: MCZ 88945 (2). - Variegated cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Gon & Randall (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Aldabra, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Philippines, Tonga and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 266552 (2). Jaydia striata (Smith & Radcliffe 1912) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Gon (1997) as Apogon (Jaydia) striatus. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to Taiwan. Persian Gulf material: MCZ 88942 (17). Jaydia truncata (Bleeker, 1855) - Flagfin cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Apogon ellioti; subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) as Apogon truncatus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Apogon truncates and Gon (1997) as Apogon (Jaydia) truncatus. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30324 (1), BPBM 33232 (1), MCZ 88941 (1), MCZ 88944 (2), UMPT 11 (6), UMPT 20 (3). Remarks. Apogon ellioti Day, 1875 is a junior Fowleria vaiulae (Jordan & Seale, 1906) - Mottled cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Wright (1988); subsequently reported by Randall et al. (1994) as Fowleria abocellata, Randall (1995a) as Fowleria abocellata, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Fowleria abocellata, Gon & Randall (2003) and Edwin (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to 37 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 (1995a) as Apogon fasciatus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Apogon fasciatus, Bishop (2003) as Apogon fasciatus and Fraser (2005) as Apogon fasciatus. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Réunion (Mascarenes) south to Mozambique, east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMF 26066 (8), SMF 26071 (5), UMPT 11 (1), USNM 357472 (1), USNM 357478 (11), USNM 357478 (11), USNM 357471 (2), ZMUC CN4 (1), ZMUC CN5 (1), ZMUC CN67 (2), ZMUC CN 8 (1), ZMUC CN 9-10 (2). Remark: Apogon quadrifasciatus Cuvier 1828 is a junior synonym. synonym. Ostorhinchus cookii (Macleay, 1881) - Cook's cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994) as Apogon cookii; previously reported by Relyea (1981) as Lovamia novemfasciata (non Cuvier 1828), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Apogon novemfasciatus (non Cuvier 1828); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Apogon cookii. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Réunion (Mascarenes) east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1975.4.5.33 (1). Ostorhinchus fleurieu Lacepède, 1802 - Flower Ostorhinchus cyanosoma (Bleeker, 1853) - cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1990) as Apogon fleurieu; subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) as Apogon fleurieu, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Apogon fleurieu and Gon & Randall (2003) as Apogon fleurieu. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Hong Kong and Taiwan, south to Solomon Islands. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Yellowstriped cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994) as Apogon cyanosoma; subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) as Apogon cyanosoma, Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) as Apogon cyanosoma and Bishop (2003) as Apogon cyanosoma. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Wake Atoll and Marshall Islands, Fiji and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated. Ostorhinchus gularis (Fraser & Lachner, 1984) Gular cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Allen & Randall (1994) as Apogon smithvanizi; subsequently reported by Gon & Randall (2003) as Apogon gularis. Distribution: Southern Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Andaman Sea and the Philippines. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: WAM P.25988-001 (holotype of Apogon smithvanizi Allen & Randall 1994), Ostorhinchus fasciatus (White, 1790) - Broadbanded cardinalfish (Dahanlaneh-e-donavari, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Apogon quadrifasciatus; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Apogon quadrifasciatus, Relyea (1981) as Apogon quadrifasciatus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Apogon quadrifasciatus; subsequently reported by Randall 38 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf BPBM 36421 (2 paratypes of Apogon smithvanizi Allen & Randall 1994); USNM 331174 (1 paratype of Apogon smithvanizi Allen & Randall 1994). Remark: Apogon smithvanizi Allen & Randall 1994 is a junior synonym. Persian Gulf material: UMPT 12 (5). Taeniamia fucata (Cantor, 1849) - Orangelined cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994) as Archamia fucata; previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Apogon lineolatus (non Cuvier 1828); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Archamia lineolata, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Apogon lineolatus (non Cuvier 1828); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) as Archamia fucata, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Archamia fucata, Krupp et al. (2000) as Archamia fucata and Gon & Randall (2003) as Archamia fucata. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar, Mascarenes and Seychelles east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to Izu Islands (Japan), southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33276 (3), SMF 29127 (2), SMF 29228 (4), SNMNH F62 (7). Pristiapogon fraenatus (Valenciennes, 1832) Bridled cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Apogon fraenatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Apogon fraenatus, Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Apogon frenatus, Randall et al. (1994) and Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Apogon fraenatus. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Line and Gambier islands, north to Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia and Austral Islands. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Ostorhinchus aureus (Lacepède, 1802) - Ring-tailed Pseudamia tarri Randall, Lachner & Fraser, 1985 Tarr's cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Randall et al. (1985); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf, Seychelles. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30447 (holotype). cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Apogon aureus. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Siphamia arabica Gon & Allen 2012 - Arabian Verulux cypselurus (Weber, 1909) - Swallowtail cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Gon & Allen (2012). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Oman. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: WAM P.26460-006 (holotype). cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994) as Rhabdamia cypselura; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Rhabdamia cypselura and Edwin (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Marshall Islands, Fiji and Tonga, north to Japan, south to 39 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Western Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 34457 (7). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30206 (2), BPBM 30854 (10), BPBM 34470 (4), USNM 274716 (4), USNM 279342 (1). Family Ariommatidae Ariomma indicum (Day, 1871) - Indian driftfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf of Regan (1905) as Psenes indicus; subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Psenes indicus, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Psenes indicus, Nellen (1973) as Ariomma indica, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b) as Ariomma indicia, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Ariomma indica, Randall (1995a) as Ariomma indica and Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Ariomma indica. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South and East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines, south to Australia, north to southern Japan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Antennablennius bifilum (Günther, 1861) - Horned rockskipper Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Blennius persicus; subsequently reported by Fraser-Brunner (1951) as Antennablennius persicus, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Blennius persicus, Relyea (1981) as Antennablennius persicus, Bath (1983), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Blennius persicus, Springer (1986), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Aldabra, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to India. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1900.7.25.42 (lectotype of Blennius persicus Regan 1905, as selected by Bath 1983), BMNH 1900.7.25.43-44 (2 paralectotypes of Blennius persicus Regan 1905). Remarks: Blennius persicus Regan 1905 is a junior synonym. Family Blenniidae Remarks: A record of Istiblennius spilotus Springer & Williams 1994 based on material questionably originating from the entrance of the Persian Gulf needs confirmation (Springer & Williams 1994). Alticus kirkii (Günther, 1868) - Kirk's blenny Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to western India. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 284815 (4). Antennablennius hypenetes (Klunzinger, 1871) Arabian blenny Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Bath (1983); subsequently reported by Randall et al. (1994), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30207 (1), USNM 217351 (1). Antennablennius adenensis Fraser-Brunner, 1951 Aden blenny Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall et al. (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan. Antennablennius simonyi (Steindachner, 1902) Simony's blenny Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description of Antennablennius girad by Fraser-Brunner (1951); subsequently reported by 40 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Bath (1983), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden and Gulf of Oman to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1932.2.18.41 (holotype of Antennablennius girad Fraser-Brunner 1951), BMNH 1932.2.18.42 (1 paratype of Antennablennius girad Fraser-Brunner 1951). Distribution: Southern Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Saint Brandon's Shoals east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30281 (1). Ecsenius pulcher (Murray, 1887) - Gulf Blenny Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Salarias anomalus; subsequently reported by Springer (1971, 1972, 1988), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Attaran-Farimani et al. (2016). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Pakistan. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1900.5.9.47 (lectotype of Salarias anomalus Regan 1905, as selected by Attaran-Farimani et al. 2016: 174), BMNH 1900.5.9.48-56 (15 paralectotypes of Salarias anomalus Regan 1905), USNM 196505 (2), USNM 196506 (1), USNM 201571 (1), USNM 201572 (1 c&s), USNM 265625 (1). Remarks: Salarias anomalus Regan 1905 is a junior synonym. Antennablennius variopunctatus (Jatzow & Lenz, 1898) - Orangedotted blenny Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Pakistan. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1994.1.18.1-6 (6), BPBM 33116 (1), USNM 196518 (1), USNM 279343 (6). Blenniella periophthalmus (Valenciennes, 1836) Blue-dashed rockskipper Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994) as Istiblennius periophthalmus; subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas Islands and Gambier Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia and Austral Islands. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 34473 (5). Hirculops cornifer (Rüppell, 1830) - Highbrow rockskipper Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Edwin (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Western Indian Ocean: East and South Africa and Persian Gulf to Madagascar. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30853 (1). Cirripectes filamentosus (Alleyne & Macleay, 1877) - Filamentous blenny Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Williams (1988); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Istiblennius edentulus (Forster & Schneider 1801) Rippled rockskipper Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf 41 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 by Springer & Williams (1994); previously reported by Regan (1905) as Salarias dussumieri (non Valenciennes 1836) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Salarias dussumieri (non Valenciennes 1836). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island and Rapa. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). by Zogaris et al. (2015). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: central Oman to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Omobranchus fasciolatus (Valenciennes, 1836) Arab blenny Status in Persian Gulf: Fist record from Persian Gulf by Springer & Gomon (1975); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Springer (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Omobranchus fasciatus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Réunion (western Mascarenes) east to Pakistan. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147980 (5), USNM 147984 (9). Istiblennius pox Spinger & Williams, 1994 - Scarface rockskipper Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Springer & Williams (1994); previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Salarias lineatus (non Valenciennes 1836), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Istiblennius lineatus (non Valenciennes 1836), Relyea (1981) as Istiblennius lineatus (non Valenciennes 1836), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Salarias lineatus (non Valenciennes 1836), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Southern Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Somalia, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Omobranchus mekranensis (Regan, 1905) - Mekran blenny Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Springer & Gomon (1975); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Pakistan and Laccadive Islands. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1900.7.25.41 (1). Mimoblennius cirrosus Smith-Vaniz & Springer, 1971 - Fringed blenny Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30448 (9), BPBM 30855 (4), BPBM 33278 (2), USNM 274717 (1). Omobranchus punctatus (Valenciennes, 1836) Muzzled blenny Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Salarias sindensis; subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Petroscirtes punctatus, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Petroscirtes punctatus, Springer & Gomon (1975), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Springer (1986), Ismail & Clayton (1990), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and Oman ypsilon Springer, 1985 - Oman blenny Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf 42 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia) and southern Queensland (Australia); Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant); introduced in western Atlantic from Caribbean Sea to Brazil. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: ZMUC CN6-7 (2). Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Edwin (2012) as as Petroscirtes variabilis (non Cantor 1849). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147973 (20), USNM 147973 (92), USNM 147974 (6), USNM 147975 (2), USNM 196489 (4), USNM 196490 (4), USNM 217353 (1). Parablennius opercularis (Murray, 1887) - Cheekspot blenny Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Salarias opercularis; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Pictiblennius opercularis, Bath (1989), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Oman east to Pakistan. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: ANSP 132679 (1), BPBM 30209 (3), USNM 147983 (1), USNM 217341 (4). Petroscirtes mitratus Rüppell, 1830 - Floral blenny Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Petroscirtes barbatus; subsequently reported by Smith-Vaniz (1975), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147978 (31), USNM 147979 (1). Parablennius thysanius (Jordan & Seale, 1907) Tasseled blenny Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Oman east to Philippines, north to Thailand; introduced in Hawaiian Islands. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Salarias fasciatus (Bloch, 1786) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Petroscirtes ancylodon Rüppell, 1835 - Arabian fangblenny Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Smith-Vaniz (1976); previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Petroscirtes variabilis (non Cantor 1849), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Petroscirtes variabilis (non Cantor 1849); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Dasson variabilis (non Cantor 1849), Smith-Vaniz (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Xiphasia setifer Swainson, 1839 - Hairtail blenny Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Smith-Vaniz (1976); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). 43 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Vanuatu, north to southern Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 265623 (1), USNM 265626 (1), USNM 326052 (1), ZMH uncat. (2). (1 paratype), BPBM 21197 (2 paratypes), BPBM 29430 (4 paratypes), BPBM 30688 (1 paratype), BPBM 30693 (9 paratypes), BPBM 30817 (2 paratypes), CAS 57406 (1 paratype), MNHN 19850877 (1 paratype), USNM 264359 (2 paratypes), USNM 279171 (2), WAM P.25980-001 (1 paratype), WAM P.25986-002 (1 paratype), WAM P.25997001 (4 paratypes). Family Callionymidae Callionymus carebares Alcock, 1890 - Indian Family Caesionidae Caesio lunaris Cuvier, 1830 - Lunar fusilier Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter (1987); previously reported by Basson et al. (1981) as Paracaesio sp.; subsequently reported by Carpenter (1988), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands and Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to off northwestern Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 29429 (3), BPBM 30692 (2), BPBM 30767 (7). deepwater dragonet Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a). Distribution: Indian Ocean: East Africa, Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to Andaman Sea (western Thailand). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Callionymus erythraeus Ninni, 1934 - Smallhead dragonet Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Fricke (1980); previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Callionymus longicaudatus (non Temminck & Schlegel 1845), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Callionymus longicaudatus (non Temminck & Schlegel 1845), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Southern Red Sea, northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Singapore. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1911.2.23.25-28 (4), BMNH 1911.2.23.32 (1), SMNS 8502 (1), SMNS 8516 (1), SMNS 8540 (1), SMNS 8563 (1), SMNS 9060 (3), SMNS 9061 (1), USNM 231407 (1). Caesio varilineata Carpenter, 1987 - Variable-lined fusilier Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Carpenter (1987); previously reported by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Caesio caerulaureus (non Lacepède 1801); subsequently reported by Carpenter (1988), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: East and South Africa and Persian Gulf east to western Sumatra and Java (Indonesia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30816 (holotype), AMS I.25457-001 (1 paratype), BMNH 1985.9.17.1 Callionymus filamentosus Valenciennes, 1837Blotchfin dragonet Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Fricke (1983); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). 44 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Pallas 1770), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Callionymus sagitta (non Pallas 1770), Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Callionymus sagitta (non Pallas 1770), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Antiequatorial in western Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden to Persian Gulf and India; False Bay (South Africa) to Mozambique and Madagascar. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1911.2.23.29 (1), BMNH 1979.1.10.1 (1), SMNS 8495 (2), SMNS 9100 (1), USNM 147962 (2), WAM P.25977-008 (2). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Taiwan, south to Western Australia and Vanuatu; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1904.5.25.206 (1), GCRL 4984 (2), SMNS 8503 (2), SMNS 8504 (1), SMNS 8567 (3), UMPT 06 (1), UMPT 07 (1), UMPT 10 (1), UMPT 13 (1), USNM 147961 (2). Callionymus hindsii Richardson, 1844 - Hinds' dragonet Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Fricke (1983); previously reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Callionymus sagitta (non Pallas 1770); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Oman east to Malaysia and South China Sea, north to Taiwan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 8494 (1), SMNS 9499 (39), SMNS 8545 (20), SMNS 8555 (16), SMNS 8557 (18), SMNS 8558 (9), SMNS 9064 (3), SMNS 9065 (1). dragonet Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf in original description by Regan (1905); subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Callionymus japonicus (non Houttuyn 1782) and C. persicus, Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Oman and Persian Gulf to Comoros, Seychelles and Maldives. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Callionymus margaretae Regan, 1905 - Margaret's Diplogrammus pygmaeus Fricke, 1981 - Pygmy dragonet Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Fricke (1980); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Somalia, Oman and Persian Gulf east to Andaman Sea (western Thailand). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1911.2.23.31 (1). dragonet Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Fricke et al. (2014). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: southern Oman, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30931 (2), SMNS 8471 (1). Callionymus persicus Regan, 1905 - Persian Callionymus marleyi Regan, 1919 - Sand dragonet Family Carangidae Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1787) - African pompano Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by (Terr, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Fricke (1983); previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Callionymus sagitta (non 45 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical seas. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). UMPT 13 (1). Remarks: Authorship of species see Fricke (2008). Alepes kleinii (Bloch, 1793) - Razorbelly scad (Gishe-riz, Persian; Hamam, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Caranx kalla; subsqeuently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Caranx kalla, Menon (1960) as Atule kalla, Khalaf (1961) as Caranx kalla, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Selar kalla, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Caranx kalla, Basson et al. (1981) as Atule kalla, Relyea (1981) as Caranx kalla, Hussain et al. (1988) as Caranx para, Abou-Seedo (1992) as Caranx kalla and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, south to Kumberleys (Western Australia) and Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2014.5.27.4-6 (3), SMNS 14420 (4). Alectis indica (Rüppell, 1830) - Indian threadfish (Moghavva goozh-posht, Persian; Othaimy, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950), Menon (1960) as Alectis indicus, Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981) as Alectis indicus, Abou-Seedo (1992) as Alectis indicus, Randall (1995a) as Alectis indicus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Alectis indicus and Bishop (2003) as Alectis indicus. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and New South Wales (Australia). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 07 (1), UMPT 16 (1). Alepes melanoptera (Swainson, 1839) - Blackfin scad (Gish-e-balleh-syah, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Nichols (1948) as Caranx nigripinnis; subsequently reported by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Caranx malam, C. nigripinnis and Alepes melanoptera, Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: AMNH 18134 (1). Remarks: Selar malam Bleeker 1851 and Caranx nigripinnis Day 1876 are junior synonyms. Alepes djedaba (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) - Shrimp scad (Gish-e-maygooii, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Caranx djedaba; subsequently reported by Khalaf (1961) as Caranx djedaba, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Caranx djedaba, Relyea (1981) as Caranx djedaba, Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Caranx djedaba, Hussain et al. (1988) as Atule djedaba, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Nasir & Khalid (2013) and Jabado et al. (2015a). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2014.5.27.14 (1), Alepes vari (Cuvier, 1833) - Herring scad Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994) as Alepes macrurus; subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Jawad & Ibrahim 46 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Carangoides armatus (Rüppell, 1830) - Longfin (2017a, b, 2018c). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia and Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 381253 (1). Remark: Alepes macrurus (Bleeker, 1851) is a junior synonym. trevally (Gish-e-deraz baleh, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Caranx armatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Caranx armata, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Jawad et al. (2013) and Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Gulf of Thailand and southern China, north to southern Japan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Atropus atropos (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Cleftbelly trevally (Gish-e-shekam shyary, Persian; Hamam, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Atropus atropus, Relyea (1981) as Atropus atropus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Philippines, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands. IUCN: Not Evaluated. Carangoides bajad (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr, 1775) - Orangespotted trevally Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Caranx auroguttatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Caranx auroguttatus, Georg (1969) as Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Caranx auroguttatus and C. bajad, Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Grandcourt et al. (2004), Taher et al. (2012), Jawad & Ibrahim (2017a, 2018b), Torquato et al. (2017) and Jawad & Ibrahim (2018c). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Solomon Islands. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remarks: Authorship of species see Fricke (2008). Caranx auroguttatus Cuvier 1833 is a junior synonym. Atule mate (Cuvier, 1833) - Yellowtail scad (Gish-egoosh-syah, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Menon (1960); subsequently reported by Khalaf (1961) as Caranx mate, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Selar mate, Relyea (1981) as Caranx mate, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Alepes mate, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Caranx mate, Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Madagascar and Réunion (Mascarenes) east to Hawaiian Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia) and French Polynesia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 148070 (8). Carangoides chrysophrys (Cuvier, 1833) - Longnose trevally (Gish-e-balafshan, Persian; Hamam, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Caranx chrysophrys; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as 47 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Caranx chrysophrys, Relyea (1981) as Caranx chrysophrys, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) - Yellowspotted trevally Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981) as Caranx fulvoguttatus; subsequently reported by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Caranx fulvoguttatus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Palau and Vanuatu, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia) and New Zealand. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Jawad & Ibrahim (2018c) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Philippines and Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14387 (2), UMPT 06 (1), UMPT 07 (1). Carangoides coeruleopinnatus (Rüppell, 1830) Carangoides gymnostethus (Cuvier, 1833) - Bludger Coastal trevally (Gish-e-darakhshan, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Carangoides caeruleopinnatus; subsequently reported by Bishop (2003) as Carangoides caeruleopinnatus. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Réunion (Mascarenes) east to Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remark: Previously named Carangoides caeruleopinnatus (Rüppell, 1830). Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Relyea (1981) as Caranx gymnostethoides; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Caranx gymnostethoides, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Edwin (2012) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remarks: Carangoides gymnostethoides Bleeker 1851 is a junior synonym. Carangoides ferdau (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) - Blue trevally Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Smith & Saleh (1987); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island and Rapa. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 258669 (1). Remarks: Authorship of species see Fricke (2008). Carangoides malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - Malabar trevally (Gish-e-khalsefid, Persian; Hamam, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Caranx malabaricus; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Caranx malabaricus, Menon (1960) as Caranx malabaricus, Khalaf (1961) as Caranx malabaricus, Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Caranx malabaricus, Relyea (1981) as Caranx malabaricus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim 48 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf (1982b), Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Japan and Kuril Islands, south to Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia) and New South Wales (Australia). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2014.5.27.24 (1), UMPT 07 (4), UMPT 13 (4), UMPT 14 (2), UMPT 19 (1). Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa; eastern Pacific at Clipperton Atoll. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Caranx melampygus Cuvier, 1833 - Bluefin trevally Carangoides praeustus (Anonymous [Bennett], 1830) - Brownback trevally Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Indonesia and Philippines. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Caranx stellatus. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Panama (eastern Pacific), north to Izu Islands, Ogasawara Islands and Hawaiian Islands, south to Dampier Archipelago (Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia), Norfolk Island and Rapa. IUCN: Least concern (LC). Caranx heberi (Bennett, 1830) - Blacktip trevally Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 - Bigeye (Poroo domsyah, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record rom Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) as Caranx sem; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Caranx sem, Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Réunion (Mascarenes) east to Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remark: Caranx sem (Cuvier, 1833) is a junior synonym. trevally (Poroo-e-chashmdorosht, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi (1950); subsequently reported by Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Basson et al. (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia, Norfolk Island and Austral Islands; also eastern Pacific from Galápagos Archipelago and Ecuador to Mexico. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) - Giant trevally (Gish-e-bozorg, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981); subsequently reported by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a), Randall et al. (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833) - Mackerel scad Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf 49 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Elagatis bipinnulatus and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker 1851 - Shortfin scad Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) - Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Hawaiian Islands, northern Line Islands (Kiribati) and Gambier Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Port Hedland (Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga; also eastern Pacific from Galápagos Archipelago and Gulf of California (Mexico) to Peru. IUCN: Least concern (LC). Golden trevally (Gish-e-talaie, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Caranx speciosus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981) as Caranx speciosus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Caranx speciosus, Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Grandcourt et al. (2004), Taher et al. (2012), Jawad & Ibrahim (2017a) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Panama, north to Ryukyu Islands and Kuril Islands, and Hawaiian Islands, south to estern Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Tonga and Austral Islands. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14412 (1). Decapterus russelli (Rüppell, 1830) - Indian scad Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Decapterus russelli, Relyea (1981) as Decapterus russelli, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Decapterus kiliche, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Decapterus dayi, D. russellii and D. kiliche, Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to Ningaloo Reef (Western Australia) and New South Wales (Australia) at 29°23’S and New Caledonia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (3), UMPT 07 (3), UMPT 10 (4), UMPT 16 (1). Remarks: Decapterus dayi Wakiya 1924 is a junior synonym. Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758) - Torpedo scad (Katoo, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Megalaspis cordyla and Caranx plumbeus, Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006) and Moravec et al. (2016). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remarks: Citula plumbea Quoy & Gaimard 1825 is a Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) Rainbow runner Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Relyea (1981) as Elagatis bipinnulatus; 50 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf junior synonym. Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Sydney (New South Wales) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (1), UMPT 07 (1). Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758) - Pilotfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Scomberoides lysan (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) - Doublespotted queenfish (Liklah, thelah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Chorinemus lysan; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Chorinemus lysan, Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961) as Chorinemus lysan, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Chorinemus lysan and C. sancti-petri, Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Chorinemus lysan, Relyea (1981) as Chorinemus lysan and C. sancti-petri, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988), Abou-Seedo (1992), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Réunion (western Mascarenes) east to Hawaiian Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Tonga and Rapa. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remarks: Authorship of species see Fricke (2008). Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795) - Black pomfret (Halva-siah, Persian; Halway, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Stromateus niger; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Stromateus niger, Menon (1960) as Apolectus niger, Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Formio niger, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006) and Jawad & Ibrahim (2018c). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Philippines, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland (Australia) and Fiji. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14383 (3), UMPT 06 (4), UMPT 15 (1). Scomberoides tol (Cuvier, 1832) - Needlescaled queenfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacepède, 1801Talang queenfish (Sarm-e-dahan-bozorg, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Scomberoides commersonianus; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Scomberoides commersonianus, Abou-Seedo (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012), Nasir & Khalid (2013), Dehghani (2014), Torquato et al. (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East 51 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793) - Bigeye Seriolina scad (Gish-e-chashmdorosht, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Caranx crumenophthalmus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Caranx crumenophthalmus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: CAS 79813 (10), UMPT 07 (66). Blackbanded trevally Dabsah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Zonichthys nigrofasciata; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Seriola nigrofasciata, Relyea Zenichthys nigrofasciatus, (1981) as Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Smith & Saleh (1987), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic; Red Sea, IndoWest Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 11 (1). Selaroides leptolepis (Cuvier, 1833) - Yellowstripe scad (Gish-e-zard-khat, Persian; Garfah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Caranx leptolepis; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Caranx leptolepis, Relyea (1981) as Caranx leptolepis, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Smith & Saleh (1987), Randall (1995a), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Caranx leptolepis, Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Jabado et al. (2015a). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to eastern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (1), UMPT 06 (11), UMPT 12 (1), UMPT 13 (1). nigrofasciata (Rüppell, 1829) (Sarm-e-tireh, Persian; Trachinotus baillonii (Lacepède, 1801) - Small spotted dart Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Hussain & Jawad (2014) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to northern Line and Gambier islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Rapa. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810) - Greater amberjack Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède, 1801) - Snubnose Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas except not in eastern Pacific. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). pompano Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Khalaf (1961); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Trachinotus blochi, Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Trachinotus blochi, Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), 52 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Trachinotus Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 148072 (1). Uraspis helvola (Forster, 1801) - Whitetongue jack (Gis-e-dahan-sefid, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Nearly circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). mookalee Cuvier, 1832- Indian pompano (Parasto-mahi-e-hendi, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Prsian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b); subsequently reported by Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to East China Sea, north to southern Japan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Cepolidae Acanthocepola abbreviata (Valenciennes, 1835) Bandfish (Navar-mahi, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Acanthochephala abreviata and Bishop (2003) as Acanthochephala abreviata. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Papua New Guinea, north to Vietnam and Philippines south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Trachurus indicus Nekrasov, 1966 - Arabian scad Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b; previously reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Trachurus trachurus (non Linnaeus 1758) and T. indicus; subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: Somalia and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan, south to Saya de Malha Bank. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14400 (1), UMPT 01 (1), UMPT 07 (2), UMPT 16 (4), USNM 236809 (23), USNM 257105 (3). Family Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775 Threadfin butterflyfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Allen et al. (1998). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, northern Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island, Kermadec Islands and Rapa. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Ulua mentalis (Cuvier, 1833) -Longrakered trevally (Moghavva chaneh-deraz, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines, north to Taiwan, south to northern Chaetodon collare Bloch, 1787 - Redtail butterflyfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf 53 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 by Pratchett et al. (2013). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf and Maldives east to Malaysia, Brunei and Philippines. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). 1997b), Allen et al. (1998), Bishop (2003), Pratchett et al. (2013), Buchanan et al. (2015) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: southern Oman and Gulf of Oman to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 267074 (1), USNM 428404 (1). Chaetodon gardineri Norman, 1939 - Gardiner's butterflyfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b), Edwin (2012) and Pratchett et al. (2013). Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Andaman Sea (western Thailand) and western Indonesia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus, 1758 - Vagabond butterflyfish Status in Persian Gulf: Firat record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Chaetodon vagabunda; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) and Pratchett et al. (2013). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands, northern Line Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia and Austral Islands. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Chaetodon melapterus Guichenot, 1863 - Arabian butterflyfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Allen (1979); subsequently reported by Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981) as Chaetodon malapterus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp (1991) as Chaetodon melanopterus, Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Allen et al. (1998), Bishop (2003), Pratchett et al. (2013) and Buchanan et al. (2015). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Pennant coralfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Heniochus macrolepidotus; subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Allen & Kuiter (1978), Allen (1979), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Allen et al. (1998), Bishop (2003), Jawad et al. (2014d), Buchanan et al. (2015) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales (Australia) and Lord Howe Island. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Chaetodon nigropunctatus Sauvage, 1880 - Blackspotted butterflyfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Chaetodon obscurus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Chaetodon obscurus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Chaeodon obscurus and C. nigropunctatus, Allen (1979), Basson et al. (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Chaetodon obscurus, Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 54 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Persian Gulf material: BPBM uncat. (6), SMF 9803 (5), SMF 11974 (3), SMNS 14384 (1), USNM 147892 (3), USNM 147893 (5), USNM 267087 (1), USNM 267117 (2), USNM 267130 (2). Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006) and Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar, Réunion (Mascarenes, now extinct) and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Coryphaenidae Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758 - Common dolphinfish (Galit-e-maamooli, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986); subsequently reported by Basson et al. (1981), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remarks: Highly migratory species, Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (FAO, Fisheries Department 1994). Family Echeneidae Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758 - Live sharksucker (Chasbak-mahi, Persian; Lazzag, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Echeneis neucrates; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Echeneis neucrates, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 08 (1), USNM 147946 (1), USNM 148098 (2), USNM 148099 (1), USNM 265641 (1), USNM 265642 (2), USNM 265643 (1). Family Drepanidae Drepane longimana (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Concertina fish (Aroosmahi-e-navari, Persian; Mishit, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a), Valinassab et al. (2006) and Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14385 (3), UMPT 14 (9), UMPT 15 (1), UMPT 16 (1), UMPT 19 (4), UMPT 20 (3). Family Ephippidae Ephippus orbis (Bloch, 1787) - Orbfish (Shing-mahi, Persian; Mishit, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Valinassab et al. (2006). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Philippines, north to Ryukyu Islands. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 267127 (1). Drepane punctata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Spotted sicklefish (Aroosmahi-e-manghoot, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905); subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944), Mahdi (1950), Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a), 55 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Platax orbicularis (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) - reshtehdar, Persian; Badah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Iwatsuki et al. (2015); previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Gerres punctatus (non Cuvier 1830), Mahdi (1950) as Gerres punctatus (non Cuvier 1830), Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961) as Gerres punctatus (non Cuvier 1830), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Pertica filamentosa (non Cuvier 1829), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Gerres filamentosus (non Cuvier 1829), Relyea (1981) as Gerres filamentosus (non Cuvier 1829), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) as Gerres filamentosus (non Cuvier 1829), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Gerres filamentosus (non Cuvier 1829), Randall (1995a) as Gerres filamentosus (non Cuvier 1829), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Gerres filamentosus (non Cuvier 1829), Bishop (2003) as Gerres filamentosus (non Cuvier 1829), Dehghani (2014) as Gerres filamentosus (non Cuvier 1829) and Jabado et al. (2015a) as Gerres filamentosus (non Cuvier 1829). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Gulf of Thailand. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Persian Gulf material: MUFS 32625 (1), MUFS 46053-46055 (3), UMPT 06 (36), UMPT 07 (73), UMPT 10 (5), UMPT 16 (1), UMPT 19 (1), UMPT 20 (13), USNM 196513 (1), USNM 267097 (1). Orbicular batfish (Khoffash-mahi, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga; introduced into Western Atlantic waters off Florida, U.S.A. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Platax teira (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) - Longfin batfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969); also reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Platax pinnatus (non Linnaeus 1758), Basson et al. (1981) as Platax pinnatus (non Linnaeus 1758), Relyea (1981) as Platax pinnatus (non Linnaeus 1758), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Platax pinnatus (non Linnaeus 1758); subsequently reported by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Bishop (2003), Jawad & Bannai (2014), Torquato et al. (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Northern Marianas, Solomon Islands and Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia), north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Norfolk Island, New Zealand (vagrant); Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 09 (1), USNM 147837 (2). Gerres limbatus Cuvier, 1830 - Saddleback silverbiddy Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Ali et al. (2014a) and Dehghani (2014) as Gerres lucidus. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to western Indonesia and Gulf of Thailand. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Gerres longirostris (Lacepède, 1801) - Strongspine silver-biddy (Chaghook-e-posht-talaei, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Gerres acinaces; subsequently reported by Bishop (2003) as Gerres Family Gerreidae Gerres infasciatus Iwatsuki & Kimura 1998 Western whipfin silver-biddy (Chaghook-e56 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf acinaces, Grandcourt et al. (2006c), Ali (2013b), Dehghani (2014) as Gerres poieti, Taher et al. (2012) as Gerres acinances and Jabado et al. (2015a). Gerres argyreus (Forster, 1801) is a junior synonym. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Aldabra, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Palau and Marquesas Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands and Japan, south to Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remark: Gerres acinaces (Bleeker, 1854) and Gerres poieti (Cuvier, 1829) are junior synonyms. mojarra (Chaghook-e-shaffat, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsquently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines and Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 06 (60), UMPT 07 (76), UMPT 15 (1). Pentaprion longimanus (Cantor, 1849) - Longfin Gerres macracanthus Bleeker 1854 - Longspine silverbiddy Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Iwatsuki et al. (2015). Distribution: Southern Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to Ryukyu Islands. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Family Gobiidae Remarks: A Persian Gulf record of Rhinogobius brunneus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) by AlHassan & Miller (1987) needs verification. Acentrogobius dayi Koumans, 1941 - Day's goby Gerres oyena (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Koumans (1941); subsequently reported from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Istigobius dayi, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Pakistan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 196494 (1), ZSI F5604/2 (2 paralectotypes). 1775) - Common silver-biddy Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Gerres öyena; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Gerres öyena, Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Abou-Seedo (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Gerres argyreus and G. oyena, Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003) and Taher et al. (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147999 (18), USNM 196517 (1), USNM 267091 (11). Remark: Authorship of species see Fricke (2008). Acentrogobius cyanomos (Bleeker, 1849) Status in Persian Gulf: Reported from Persian Gulf by Zajonz et al. (2002) as Aulopareia cyanomos; subsequently reported by Bishop (2003). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to western Indonesia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). 57 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Acentrogobius viridipunctatus (Valenciennes, 1837) subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1994.1.18.8 (1), BMNH 1994.1.18.27 (1), BPBM 33269 (4), BPBM 33344 (6). - Spotted green goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Nasir (2000). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Amblyeleotris diagonalis Polunin & Lubbock, 1979 Amblyeleotris triguttata Randall, 1994 - Triplespot - Slantbar shrimpgoby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines, New Guinea and Solomon Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1994.1.18.7 (1), BPBM 30450 (1), BPBM 33268 (3), BPBM 34464 (1). shrimpgoby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf in original description by Randall (1994b); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: AMS I.34199-001 (1 paratype), BMNH 1993.7.21.1 (1 paratype), BPBM 33309 (4 paratypes), USNM 326163 (1 paratype). Amblygobius albimaculatus (Rüppell, 1830) Butterfly goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Smith & Saleh (1987); subsequently reported by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Bishop (2003) and Taher et al. (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Philippines (possibly Gambier Islands), north to southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 196487 (1), USNM 196488 (3). Amblyeleotris downingi Randall, 1994 - Downing's shrimpgoby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf in original description by Randall (1994b); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf; eastern Andaman Sea and western Sumatra. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33229 (holotype), BPBM 34463 (1 paratype), USNM 269989 (1 paratype). Amblyeleotris periophthalma (Bleeker, 1853) Amblygobius nocturnus (Herre, 1945) - Nocturn Periophthalma prawn-goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall et al. (1994); goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf 58 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Bishop (2003) and Edwin (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Tuamotu Archipelago and Marquesas Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands and southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island and Tonga and Rapa. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1994.1.18.20 (1), BPBM 33372 (1). 33310 (6). Aulopareia ocellata (Day, 1873) - Ocellated scalycheek goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Zare et al. (2012). Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean and western Pacific and Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: NTM S.16768-001 (2). Bathygobius cocosensis (Bleeker, 1854) - Cocos Apocryptodon madurensis (Bleeker, 1849) - Madura frill-goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sadegi. & Esmaeili (2019a). Distribution: Indo-Pacific: East Africa to Johnston, Marquesas and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to the southern Great Barrier Reef and Rapa Islands; Marianas and Marshall Islands in Micronesia. Misidentified as Bathygobius fuscus in Hawaii (Randall et al. 1993). New Caledonia, Rapa, and the Makran Sea (Sadeghi & Esmaeili 2019). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE) Persian Gulf material: ZM-CBSU F67-1-3 goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Wright (1988); subsequently reported by AbouSeedo et al. (1990), Zajonz et al. (2002) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philipines, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Asterropteryx semipunctata Rüppell, 1830 - Starry goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Wright (1988) as Asterropteryx semipunctatus; subsequently reported by Krupp & Müller (1994) as Asterropteryx semipunctatus, Randall et al. (1994) as Asterropteryx semipunctatus, Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) as Asterropteryx semipunctatus and Bishop (2003) as Asterropteryx semipunctatus. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll, Hawaiian Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia and Rapa. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1994.1.18.18-19 (2), BPBM 30300 (2), BPBM 30439 (4), BPBM 30451 (1), BPBM 30478 (5), BPBM 33280 (1), BPBM Bathygobius fuscus (Rüppell, 1830) - Dusky frillgoby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); previously reported by Regan (1905) as Gobius albopunctatus (non Valenciennes 1837); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994, 1999), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll, Marquesas Islands and Gambier Islands, north to South Korea and southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia, Norfolk Island and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). 59 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Bathygobius meggitti (Hora & Mukerji, 1936) - Persian Gulf material: ZSI uncat. (1). Meggitt's goby Status in Persian Gulf: It has already been recorded from the Persian Gulf (see Ghanbarifardi & Malek 2007, 2009) Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Socotra east to Fiji, north to Japan, south to northern Australia including Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Bryaninops amplus Larson 1985 - Large whip goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp et al. (2000); subsequently reported by Buchanan et al. (2015). Distribution. Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Seychelles east to Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland (Australia). IUCN. Least concern (LC). Persian Gulf material. SMF 28607 (2), SNMNH F57 (1), SNMNH F58 (5). Boleophthalmus dussumieri Valenciennes, 1837 (Eshlambo and Gel Khorok, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Holly (1929) as Boleophthalmus chamiri; subsequently reported by Koumans (1941) as Boleophthalmus dussumieri and B. dentatus, Misra (1947), Fowler & Steinitz (1956) as Boleophthalmus dentatus, Menon (1960) as Boleophthalmus dentatus, Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Boleophthalmus dussumieri and B. dentatus, Relyea (1981) as Boleophthalmus boddarti (non Pallas 1770), Tytler & Vaughan (1983) as Boleophthalmus boddarti (non Pallas 1770), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Wright (1988) as Boleophthalmus boddarti (non Pallas 1770), Murdy (1989), Krupp (1991) as Boleophthalmus boddarti (non Pallas 1770), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Hussain et al. (1999) as Boleophthalmus boddarti (non Pallas 1770), Nasir (2000) as Boleophthalmus boddarti (non Pallas 1770), Bishop (2003) and Polgar et al. (2017). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Oman east to Pakistan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30528 (5), USNM 196293 (1), ZSI uncat. (2). Bryaninops yongei (Davis & Cohen, 1969) - Whip coral goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf, Amirantes, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Hawaiian Islands and Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Callogobius bifasciatus (Smith, 1958) - Doublebar goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: South Africa to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 21233 (1), BPBM 30513 (2), BPBM 30452 (2), BPBM 30479 (1), BPBM 33281 (1), BPBM 33311 (4), BPBM 33345 (1), BPBM 33402 (2), BPBM 33419 (5), BPBM 34428 (1). Brachyamblyopus brachysoma (Bleeker, 1854) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Koumans (1941); subsequently reported by Koumans (1953) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to New Guinea, north to southern China. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Callogobius plumatus (Smith, 1959) - Feather goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by 60 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Guam and Tonga. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33282 (1), BPBM 33371 (1). (11), BPBM 35414 (4). Coryogalops monospilus Randall, 1994 - Onespot goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf in original description by Randall (1994b); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Kovaçiç et al. (2014, 2016). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33235 (holotype). Callogobius sclateri (Steindachner, 1879) - Pacific goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Amirantes, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marquesas Islands and Gambier Islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Coryogalops tessellatus Randall, 1994 Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf in original description by Randall (1994b); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Kovaçiç et al. (2014) and Sadeghi et al. (2019a). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf to central Oman. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30524 (holotype), AMS I.34200-001 (1 paratype), BMNH 1993.7.21.2 (1 paratype), BPBM 30303 (1), BPBM 33253 (4 paratypes), BPBM 35411 (1 paratype), USNM 326164 (3 paratypes), ZM-CBSU F4-01-36. Coryogalops adamsoni (Goren, 1985) - Adamson's goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Pakistan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30202 (1), BPBM 30304 (2), BPBM 30314 (3), BPBM 33411 (60). Cryptocentroides arabicus (Gmelin, 1789) - Arabian goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Edwin (2012) as Cyptocentrus caeruleopunctatus (non Rüppell 1830). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 21199 (1), BPBM 21200 (1), BPBM 21295 (4), BPBM 30309 (1), BPBM 30315 (1), USNM 147964 (1), USNM 265649 (9). Coryogalops anomolus Smith, 1958 - Anomolous goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Salarias anomalus; subsequently reported by Randall et al. (1994), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 29541 (1), BPBM 30511 (7), BPBM 30512 (2), BPBM 33265 (1), BPBM 33319 (7), BPBM 33351 (1), BPBM 33401 61 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Cryptocentrus cryptocentrus (Valenciennes, 1837) - Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1963.3.27.1-3 (3), SMF 6186 (1), USNM 147963 (6), USNM 265650 (3), USNM 440512 (2). Ninebar prawn-goby Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian Gulf based on USNM 147965 (1) from Tarut Bay, Saudi Arabia. Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa and Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Chagos Archipelago. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147965 (1). Eviota guttata Lachner &Karnella, 1978 - Spotted dwarfgoby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Wright (1988). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Seychelles, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to western Indonesia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30420 (5), BPBM 30455 (3), BPBM 33283 (12), BPBM 33312 (4). Cryptocentrus cyanotaenia (Bleeker, 1853) Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian Gulf by Sadeghi et al. (2019b). Distribution: Western Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean: Andaman Sea, Brunei, and Indonesia, east to New Guinea, India ((Tamilnadu, Mandapam; see Kumar et al. 2015) and Iran (Hormuz Island, Strait of Hormuz). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: ZM-CBSU F671, ZM-CBSU F672. Eviota pardalota Lachner & Karnella, 1978 - Leopard shrimp goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from the Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to New Britain, south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 34465 (2). dwarfgoby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003), Greenfield & Winterbottom (2016). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1994.1.18.27 (1), BPBM 30301 (2), BPBM 30453 (1), BPBM 30480 (6), BPBM 33284 (1), BPBM 33313 (5), BPBM 33346 (4). Cryptocentrus lutheri Klausewitz, 1960- Luther's Eviota sebreei Jordan & Seale, 1906 - Striped prawn-goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Palmer (1963); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) as Cryptocentrus cryptocentrus (non Valenciennes 1837), Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & dwarfgoby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Wright (1988); subsequently reported by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall et al. (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop Cryptocentrus fasciatus (Playfair, 1867) - Y-bar 62 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf (2003). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Marshall Islands, Tonga and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1994.1.18.25-26 (2), BPBM 30454 (2), BPBM 33285 (8), BPBM 33347 (3). reported et al. (1997b) as Coryphopterus inframaculatus. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30456 (holotype), AMS I.34201-001 (2 paratypes), BMNH 1993.7.21.3-4 (2 paratypes), BPBM 35460 (1 paratype); USNM 326155 (2 paratypes). Remark: synonym of Coryphopterus inframaculatus (Randall, 1994) Favonigobius melanobranchus (Fowler, 1934) Blackthroat goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994) as Papillogobius melanobranchus; subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) as Papillogobius melanobranchus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Papillogobius melanobranchus and Edwin (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa and Persian Gulf east to Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, south to northern Australia; Mediterrranean Sea immigrant. IUCN: Lower Risk: near threatened (LR/NT). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30306 (8), BPBM 30310 (1), BPBM 30323 (3), BPBM 33264 (1). goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Wright (1988) as Gnatholepis anjerensis; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Randall & Greenfield (2001, part), Bishop (2003), Larson & Buckle (2012); previously reported by Regan (1905) as Gobius ophthalmotaenia (non Bleeker 1854). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan, south to Rowley Shoals (Western Australia), New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30405 (1). tropical sand goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from the Persian Gulf by Sadeghi et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Marshall Islands and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Lower Risk: near threatened (LR/NT). inframaculatus (Randall, 1994) Carpenter Gnatholepis anjerensis (Bleeker, 1851) - Eye-bar Favonigobius reichei (Bleeker, 1854) - Indo-Pacific Fusigobius by Gnatholepis caudimaculata Larson & Buckle 2012 Tailspot goby Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Larson & Buckle (2012); previously reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Gnatholepis caurensis (non Bleeker 1853), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Gnatholepis cauerensis (non Bleeker 1853) and Randall & Greenfield (2001) as Gnatholepis anjerensis (non Bleeker 1851, in part). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf. - Innerspotted sandgoby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf in original description by Randall (1994b) as Coryphopterus inframaculatus; subsequently 63 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33350 (2 paratypes), BPBM 30457 (3 paratypes), BPBM 33373 (1 paratype), BPBM 33374 (2 paratypes). in original description by Lachner & McKinney (1978); previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Barbatogobius asanai (non Koumans 1941), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Barbatogobius asanai (non Koumans 1941); subsequently reported by White & Relyea (1984), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Oman east to western India. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: ZMUC 01.9.1943.619 (holotype), SMF 18849 (1), SMF 18850-18851 (2), SMF 18852 (1), SMF 18853 (1), SMF 18854 (1), SMF 18859-18860 (2), SMF 18861 (1), SMF 18862 (1). Gobiodon citrinus (Rüppell, 1838) - Poison goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Gobiodon cf. citrinus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Buchanan et al. (2015). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles and Réunion (western Mascarenes) east to Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Hetereleotris vulgaris (Klunzinger, 1871) - Common goby Status in Persian Gulf: Reported from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997); previously reported by Regan (1905) as Eleotris diadematus (non Rüppell 1830). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Pakistan; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Gobiodon reticulatus Playfair, 1867 - Reticulate goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Buchanan et al. (2015). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden to Persian Gulf; Chagos Archipelago. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Istigobius decoratus (Herre, 1927) - Decorated goby Gobiodon rivulatus (Rüppell, 1830) - Rippled Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Wright (1988); subsequently reported by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall et al. (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Rotuma and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia and Australia, and Lord Howe Island. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1994.1.18.21 (1), BPBM 29309 (3), BPBM 30482 (1), BPBM 33317 (1). coralgoby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll and Gambier Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Gobiopsis canalis Lachner & McKinney, 1978 Checkered goby Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf 64 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Istigobius ornatus (Rüppell, 1830) - Ornate goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Gobius hoplopomus; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Oplopomus hoplopomus and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Marshall and Society islands, north to Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan, south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Acentrogobius ornatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Acentrogobius ornatus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Acentrogobius ornatus, Smith & Saleh (1987), Murdy & Hoese (1985) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Society and Marquesas Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 21290 (2). Oxyurichthys papuensis (Valenciennes, 1837) Frogface goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Myersina filifer (Valenciennes, 1837) - Filamentous shrimpgoby (Boshalanbo, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Cryptocentrus filifer; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Cryptocentrus filifer, Randall (1995a) as Cryptocentrus filifer, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Cryptocentrus filifer and Bishop (2003) as Cryptocentrus filifer. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Indonesia, north to Korea and Japan; possibly Réunion (western Mascarenes). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 18 (1). Palutrus scapulopunctatus (deBeaufort, 1912) Scapular goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from the Persian Gulf by Sadeghi & Esmaeili (2019b). Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Indonesia east to Fiji and now in intertidal coasts of the Qeshm Island (Persian Gulf). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Oligolepis acutipennis (Valenciennes 1837) Sharptail goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Palau and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Parachaeturichthys polynema (Bleeker, 1853) Taileyed goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Zare et al. (2012). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Seychelles east to New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. Oplopomus oplopomus (Valenciennes, 1837) Spinecheek goby 65 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33208 (3). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33378 (1). Priolepis randalli Winterbottom & Burridge, 1992 Periophthalmus waltoni Koumans, 1941 - Walton's Randall's goby Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Winterbottom & Burridge (1992); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf; Brunei. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30461 (holotype), BPBM 33352 (3 paratypes), ROM 63343 (5 paratypes). mudskipper (Gel Khorok, Gel-cheragh and Mahisag, Persian; Boshalanbo, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Koumans (1941); previously reported by Holly (1929) as Periophthalmus koelreuteri (non Pallas 1770); subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Periophthamus waltoni and P. koelreuteri (non Pallas 1770), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Periophthalmus waltoni and P. koelreuteri (non Pallas 1770), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981) as Periophthalmus koelreuteri (non Pallas 1770), Tytler & Vaughan (1983) as Periophthalmus koelreuteri (non Pallas 1770), Hussain et al. (1988, 1999), Murdy (1989), Krupp (1991) as Periophthalmus koelreuteri (non Pallas 1770), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002) as P. waltoni and P. barbarus (non Linnaeus 1766), Bishop (2003), Ghanbarifardi et al. (2014) and Polgar et al. (2017). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf to Pakistan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2014.5.27.20-21 (2), BPBM 30527 (4), USNM 196295 (2), USNM 297330 (3), ZMUC uncat. (4). Pseudapocryptes elongatus (Cuvier 1816) - (Boshalanbo, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Pseudapocryptes dentatus; subsequently reported by Sarker et al. (1980) as Pseudapocryptes dentatus, Hussain et al. (1988) as Pseudapocryptes dentatus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Pseudapocryptes dentatus, Hussain et al. (1994) as Periophthamus dentatus and Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Pseudapocryptes dentatus. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Society Islands, north to China. IUCN: Least concern (LC). Scartelaos tenuis (Day, 1876) - Indian Ocean slender mudskipper (Boshalanbo, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Koumans (1941); subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944), Mahdi (1950) as Boleophthalmus tenius, Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981) as Scartelaos viridis (non Hamilton 1822), Murdy (1989), Krupp (1991) as Scartelaos viridis (non Hamilton 1822), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002) as Scartelaos histophorus (non Valenciennes 1837), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003) and Polgar et al. (2017). Priolepis cincta (Regan, 1908) - Banded reef goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Winterbottom & Burridge (1993) as Priolepis cinctus; subsequently reported by Randall et al. (1994) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Fiji and Tonga, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Elizabeth and Middleton reefs, and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). 66 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Trypauchen vagina (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf to Pakistan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1981.3.19.15-17 (3), SMNS 14427 (1), USNM 196244 (1), ZSI uncat. (1). Burrowing goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Koumans (1941); subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000) and Murdy (2006). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to Taiwan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33186 (2), ZSI uncat. (1). Taenioides kentalleni Murdy & Randall 2002 -Kent Allen's goby Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Murdy & Randall (2002). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 365692 (holotype). Valenciennea persica Hoese & Larson, 1994 - Gulf Tomiyamichthys latruncularius (Klausewitz, 1974) - goby Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Hoese & Larson (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Zajonz et al. (2002) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf to Masirah Island, central Oman. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 21007 (holotype), AMS I.27129-001 (4 paratypes), AMS I.27132-001 (1 paratype), BMNH 1988.4.26.3-4 (2 paratypes), BPBM 21493 (2 paratypes), BPBM 29466 (2 paratypes), BPBM 29486 (1 paratype), BPBM 33258 (1), BPBM 33405 (3), USNM 293159 (2 paratypes). Fan shrimp-goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994) as Flabelligobius latruncularius; subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) as Flabelligobius latruncularius and Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Flabellogobius latruncularius. Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Oman east to western Indonesia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33314 (2), BPBM 33348 (1). Trimma winterbottomi Randall & Downing, 1994 Winterbottom's goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Gobius townsendi; subsequently reported by Randall et al. (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Winterbottom & Villa (2003). Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to western Thailand. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1994.1.18.35-37 (3), BPBM 30460 (20), BPBM 30462 (1), BPBM 33271 (3), BPBM 33287 (4). Valenciennea sexguttata (Valenciennes, 1837) Sixspot goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Hoese & Larson (1994), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Samoa and Tonga, north to Yaeyama and Ryukyu islands, south to Western Australia and Queensland (Australia) and New 67 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1974.1.18.22-24 (3), BMNH 1985.7.29.1-2 (2), BPBM 30430 (1), BPBM 33320 (8). by Taher et al. (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes), north to southern Japan, east to Philippines and Vanuatu, south to Western Australia and New South Wales (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Haemulidae Diagramma pictum (Thunberg, 1792) - Painted Plectorhinchus gaterinus (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in sweetlips (Khannoo khakestari, Persian; Motawah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905); subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Plectorhynchus pictus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Plectorhynchus pictus, Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Grandcourt et al. (2006a), Jawad & Ibrahim (2017b) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Mozambique Channel east to Philippines and Fiji, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to southern Indonesia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 267090 (1), USNM 267138 (1). Niebuhr 1775) - Blackspotted rubberlip (Khannoo zard-balleh, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981) as Gaterin gaterinus, Relyea (1981) as Plectorhynchus gaterinus; subsequently reported by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) as Plectorhynchus gaterinus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Wright (1988), Krupp (1991), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Plectorhynchus gaterinus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Randall & Johnson (2000), Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar, Réunion and Mauritius (western Mascarenes, now extinct in Réunion). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 29464 (1), BPBM 33259 (1), USNM 196485 (1), USNM 267136 (3), USNM 404495 (2). Remarks: Authorship of species see Fricke (2008). Plectorhinchus cinctus (Temmink & Schlegel, 1843) - Crescent sweetlips (Firsh, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Plectorhynchus cinctus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Gaterin cinctus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Plectorhynchus cinctus, Relyea (1981) as Plectorhynchus cinctus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Plectorhynchus cinctus and Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Vietnam, north to southern Japan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802) - Harry hotlips Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Pseudopristipoma nigra. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Caroline Islands (Micronesia) and Society Islands, north to southern Japan and Taiwan, south to Western Australia and Norfolk Island. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier, 1830) Lemonfish (Khannoo limooei, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf 68 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese, 1936) - Trout & Müller (1994) as Plectorhynchus schotaf and Taher et al. (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to western India. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147885 (2), USNM 148085 (1). Remarks: Authorship and year of species see Fricke (2008). sweetlips (Khannoo Khal-siah, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Spilotichthys pictus; subsequently reported by Basson et al. (1981) as Spilotichthys pictus and Plectorhynchus pictus, Relyea (1981) as Plectorhynchus pictus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) as Plectorhynchus pictus and P. fangi, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Smith & Saleh (1987), Lee & Al-Baz (1989) as Plectorhynchus pictus, Krupp & Müller (1994) as Plectorhynchus pictus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf, Seychelles and Mauritius east to Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Remarks: Plectorhinchus fangi Whitley 1951 is a junior synonym. Plectorhinchus sordidus (Klunzinger, 1870) - Sordid rubberlip Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) as Plectorhynchus sordidus; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Smith & Saleh (1987), Wright (1988), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Plectorhynchus sordidus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012), Jawad et al. (2014a) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf, East and South Africa to Seychelles, Madagascar, Réunion and Mauritius (Mascarenes). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147886 (1), USNM 147887 (2). Plectorhinchus playfairi (Pellegrin 1914) Whitebarred rubberlip Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Jawad & Ibrahim (2013). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, southern Oman, Persian Gulf and East Africa to Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Pomadasys aheneus McKay & Randall 1995 Yellowback grunt Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Ali & Iwatsuki (2018). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: INHM 17.657.Z4 –17.662.Z4 (6), MUFS 48355-48356 (2). Plectorhinchus schotaf (Walbaum [ex Forsskål] 1792) - Minstrel sweetlips (Khannoo gooshghermez, Persian; Yanam, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Plectorhynchus schotaf; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Gaterin schotaf, Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Plectorhynchus schotaf, Basson et al. (1981) as Plectorhynchus schotaf, Relyea (1981) as Plectorhynchus schotaf, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b) as Plectorhynchus schotaf, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Smith & Saleh (1987), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Plectorhinctus schotaf, Krupp Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) Silver grunt (Nakroor, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pomadasys argentea; also reported by Misra (1947) as Pomadasys argyreus (non Valenciennes 1833), 69 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Bolster (1948) as Pomadsis argirous (non Valenciennes 1833), Mahdi (1950) as Pomadasys argyreus (non Valenciennes 1833), Khalaf (1961) as Pomadasys argyreus (non Valenciennes 1833), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Pomadasys argyreus (non Valenciennes 1833), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981) as Pomadasys argyreus (non Valenciennes 1833), Nasir (2000) as Pomadasys argyreus (non Valenciennes 1833); subsequently reported by Khalaf (1961) as Pomadasys hasta, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Pomadasys argentea and P. hasta, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Pomadasys argenteus and P. hasta, Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Wright (1988), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Nasir & Khalid (2013). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and New South Wales (Australia). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). (Western Australia) and Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch, 1793) - Saddle grunt (Sangsar-e-chahar-lakkeh, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Pomadasys maculatum, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Pomadasys maculatum, Bishop (2003) as Pomadasys maculatum and Dehghani (2014) as Pomadasys maculatum. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to Shark Bay (Western Australia). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2014.5.27.7 (1). Pomadasys multimaculatus Playfair 1867 - Cock grunter Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b). Distribution: Indian Ocean: East Africa and Madagascar east to India and northern Western Australia. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Pomadasys commersonnii (Lacepède, 1801) Smallspotted grunter Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Relyea (1981) as Pomadasys opercularis; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Seychelles east to western India. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Remarks: Pristipoma operculare Playfair 1867 is a junior synonym. Pomadasys olivaceus (Day, 1875) - Olive grunt Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Jawad et al. (2014a); subsequently reported by Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic: Namibia; Indian Ocean: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Andaman Sea. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Pomadasys kaakan (Cuvier, 1830) - Javelin grunter (Sangsar-e-maamooli, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006) and Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines, north to Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf Pomadasys punctulatus (Rüppell, 1838) - Lined grunt Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Jawad et al. (2014a). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: 70 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Oman to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). (Neyzeh-mahi-e-syah, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Guly by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Makaira indica. Distribution: Tropical and temperate Indo-Pacific, straying into eastern Atlantic. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Pomadasys stridens (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) Striped piggy (Sangsar-e-mokhattat, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Pristipoma stridens; subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981) as Rhoniscus stridens, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Rhonciscus stridens, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012), Nasir & Khalid (2013) and Hoveizavi et al. (2016). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to western India; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 06 (2), UMPT 10 (5), UMPT 13 (34), UMPT 16 (4), UMPT 17 (9), UMPT 18 (4), UMPT 19 (2), UMPT 20 (7), USNM 147865 (1), USNM 147879 (22), USNM 267082 (5), USNM 267085 (1), USNM 267113 (8). Kajikia audax (Philippi, 1887) - Striped marlin Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Tetrapturus audax. Distribution: Tropical and temperate Indo-Pacific, straying into southeastern Atlantic. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Family Kyphosidae Kyphosus cinerascens (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) Blue sea chub Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: South Atlantic; Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Aldabra, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Line Islands and Easter Island, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia and Austral Islands. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Family Istiophoridae Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw, 1792) - Indo-Pacific Family Labridae sailfish (Badban-mahi, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Istiophorus gladius; subsequently reported by Basson et al. (1981) as Istiophorus gladius, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BRC 168 (1). Remarks: Scomber gladius Bloch 1793 is a junior synonym. Bodianus macrognathos (Morris 1974) - Giant hogfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Jawad & Al-Badri (2015); subsequently reported by Jawad & Ibrahim (2017b). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Cheilinus lunulatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) Broomtail wrasse (Zomorrod-mahi-e-domjaroobi, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994); subsequently reported by Istiompax indica (Cuvier, 1832) - Black marlin 71 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 previously reported by Regan (1905) as Platyglossus hyrtelii (non Bleeker 1856), Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Pseudojulis trifasciatus (non Weber 1913), Relyea (1981) as Halichoeres hyrtli (non Bleeker 1856) and Pseudojulis trifasciatus (non Weber 1913), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Halichoeres hyrtlii (non Bleeker 1856); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Parenti & Randall (2000) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 34458 (holotype), BMNH 1994.4.11.1-2 (2 paratypes), BPBM 33321 (2 paratypes), BPBM 34476 (1 paratype), BPBM 34483 (2 paratypes), BPBM 34487 (1 paratype), BPBM 36312 (6 paratypes), CAS 81378 (3 paratypes), MTUF-P 20527 (1 paratype), SMF 27032 (3 paratypes), USNM 329426 (2 paratypes). Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Parenti & Randall (2000) and Jawad & Hussain (2014). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Oman to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Choerodon gymnogenys (Playfair & Günther, 1867) - Zanzibar tuskfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Gomon (2017). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Seychelles and Saya de Malha Bank. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: MCZ 14344 (2). Choerodon robustus (Günther, 1862) - Robust tuskfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Xiphocheilus robustus, Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Xiphocheilus robustus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Gomon (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes; Indonesia; Taiwan to southern Japan. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 21188 (1), USNM 267080 (1). Halichoeres marginatus Rüppell, 1835 - Dusky wrasse Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Buchanan et al. (2015). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to French Polynesia and Pitcairn Island, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1994.1.18.11-14 (4), BPBM 30427 (3), BPBM 33288 (1), BPBM 33322 (2), BPBM 33381 (1). Coris nigrotaenia Mee & Hare 1995 - Blackbar coris Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Jawad & Al-Badri (2015). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf to Oman. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Halichoeres nigrescens (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Bubblefin wrasse Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Platyglossus roseus and P. dussumieri; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a) as Halichoeres dussumieri and Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Halichoeres dussumieri. Halichoeres leptotaenia Randall & Earle, 1994 Yellowstriped wrasse Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Randall & Earle (1994); 72 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South and East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Madagascar and Persian Gulf to Philippines, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remark: Halichoeres dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1839) and Platyglossus roseus Day 1888 are junior synonyms. junior synonym. Iniistius bimaculatus (Rüppell, 1829) - Two-spot razorfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a) as Xyrichtys bimaculatus; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Xyricthys bimaculatus, Parenti & Randall (2000) as Xyrichtys bimaculatus and Bishop (2003) as Xyrichtys bimaculatus. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Papua New Guinea, Sulawesi and Indonesia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Halichoeres stigmaticus Randall & Smith, 1982 - Uspot wrasse Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Randall & Smith (1982); subsequently reported by Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Parenti & Randall (2000) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 21241 (holotype), ANSP 144093 (1 paratype), BMNH 1980.5.20.4 (1 paratype), BMNH 2014.5.27.25 (1), BPBM 20976 (2 paratypes), BPBM 20977 (3 paratypes), BPBM 21250 (4 paratypes), BPBM 21314 (1 paratype), BPBM 22957 (3 paratypes), CAS 46031 (1 paratype), MNHN 1980-1305 (1 paratype), SAIAB 444 (1 paratype), USNM 147906 (42), USNM 147907 (40), USNM 147908 (1), USNM 147909 (28), USNM 221541 (1 paratype). Larabicus quadrilineatus (Rüppell, 1835) - Fourline wrasse Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Persian Gulf. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes, 1839) Bluestreak cleaner wrasse Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Wright (1988), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Halichoeres zeylonicus (Bennett, 1833) - Goldstripe wrasse Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Halichoeres bimaculatus; subsequently reported by Wright (1988) and Edwin (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to western Indonesia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 09 (1). Remarks: Halichoeres bimaculatus Rüppell 1835 is a Leptojulis cyanopleura (Bleeker, 1853) - Shoulderspot wrasse Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Randall (1996), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Parenti & Randall 73 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 (2000) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1994.1.18.38-41 (4), BPBM 30421 (1), BPBM 30464 (8), BPBM 33272 (2), BPBM 33323 (4), BPBM 34484 (7). Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Randall (2000) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30431 (1), BPBM 33324 (3), UMPT 09 (1), USNM 147905 (1). Paracheilinus mccoskeri Randall & HarmelinSuezichthys caudavittatus (Steindachner, 1898) - Vivien, 1977 - McCosker's flasher Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Parenti & Randall (2000), Bishop (2003) and Allen & Erdmann (2016). Distribution: Indian Ocean: East Africa, Oman, Persian Gulf and Comoros east to western Indonesia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1994.1.18.15-17 (3), BPBM 30441 (5), BPBM 30465 (7), BPBM 33355 (8), BPBM 34485 (5). Spottail wrasse Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Russell (1985) as Suezichthys caudovittatus; subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) as Suezichthys caudovittatus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Suezichthys caudovittatus and Parenti & Randall (2000). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Somalia, Persian Gulf. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Suezichthys gracilis (Steindachner & Doderlein, Pteragogus flagellifer (Valenciennes, 1839) - 1887) - Slender wrasse Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Parenti & Randall (2000) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf; Vietnam to southern Japan; southeastern Australia to New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33230 (1). Cocktail wrasse Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Edwin (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to New Guinea and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan, south to northern Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30313 (6). Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus, 1758) - Moon wrasse Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969); subsequently reported by Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Parenti & Randall (2000), Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Stethojulis interrupta (Bleeker, 1851) - Cutribbon wrasse (Meelaz, Aabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Wright (1988), 74 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Line Islands, Tuamotu Archipelago and Gambier Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia, Lord Howe, Norfolk and Kermadec Islands, northern New Zealand and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BRC 159 (1). Deveximentum insidiator (Bloch 1787) - Pugnose ponyfish (Panjzari-e-kajpoozeh, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Leiognathus insidiator; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Secutor insidiator, Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Secutor insidiator, Relyea (1981) as Leiognathus insidiator, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Secutor insidiator, Randall (1995a) as Secutor insidiator, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Secutor insidiator and Bishop (2003) as Secutor insidiator. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to eastern Indonesia and Solomon Islands, south to Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia) and Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BRC 173 (1). Family Lactariidae Lactarius lactarius (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - False trevally (Gish-e-dorooghin, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Valinassab et al. (2006). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Oman, Persian Gulf and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Latidae Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) - Barramundi Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: India east to Indonesia, south to northern Australia; introduced elsewhere. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Equulites elongatus (Günther, 1874) - Slender ponyfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Leiognathus elongatus; subsequently reported by Jawad & Hussain (2014). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles and Madagascar east to Philippines and New Guinea (and possibly Fiji), north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Leiognathidae Aurigequula fasciata (Lacepede, 1803) - Striped ponyfish (Siny, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Leiognathus fasciatus; subsequently reported by Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Leiognathus fasciatus, Relyea (1981) as Leiognathus fasciatus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Leiognathus fasciatus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Leiognathus fasciatus and Valinassab et al. (2006) as Leiognathus fasciatus. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Palau, Tonga Equulites oblongus (Valenciennes, 1835) - Oblong ponyfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a) as Leiognathus oblongus; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Leiognathus oblongus and Bishop (2003) as 75 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Leiognathus oblongus. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and Society Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northwestern Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Least concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 13 (2), UMPT 15 (1). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Oman east to Philippines and eastern Indonesia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Equulites lineolatus (Valenciennes, 1835) - Ornate ponyfish (Panjzari-e-mozayyan, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Leiognathus lineolatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Leiognathus lineolatus, Relyea (1981) as Leiognathus lineolatus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Leiognathus lineolatus, Krupp & Müller (1994) as Leiognathus lineolatus and Dehghani (2014) as Leiognathus lineolatus. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and New Caledonia, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (9), UMPT 06 (27), UMPT 07 (125), UMPT 08 (8), UMPT 09 (1), UMPT 13 (15), UMPT 14 (23), UMPT 16 (21), UMPT 18 (2), UMPT 19 (6). Karalla daura (Cuvier, 1829) - Goldstripe ponyfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Leiognathus daurus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Leiognathus daura, Relyea (1981) as Leiognathus daurus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Leiognathus daura and Dehghani (2014) as Leiognathus dussumieri (non Valenciennes 1835). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and eastern Indonesia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf Material: USNM 196500 (1), USNM 196501 (3). Leiognathus equulus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) Common ponyfish (Panjzari-e-bozorg, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Leiognathus equula, Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to eastern Caroline Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Fiji. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BRC 158 (1), SMNS 14428 (1), UMPT 06 (70), UMPT 07 (412). Eubleekeria splendens (Cuvier 1829) - Splendid ponyfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Leiognathus splendens; subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) as Leiognathus splendens. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Philippines and Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan, south to Kimberleys (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BRC 172 (1). Gazza minuta (Bloch 1795) - Toothpony Nuchequula gerreoides (Bleeker, 1851) - Decorated Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986). ponyfish 76 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf (non Forster 1801) or Lethrinus miniatus (non Forster 1801) by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Basson et al. (1981) and Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) cannot be identified. A Persian Gulf record of Lethrinus striatus Steindachner 1866 (a junior synonym of Lethrinus erythropterus Valenciennes 1830) by Regan (1905) as Lethrinus striatus needs verification. Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Abou-Seedo (1992) as Leiognathus decorus; subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) as Leiognathus decorus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Leiognathus decorus, Zajonz et al. (2002) as Leiognathus decorus, Bishop (2003) as Leiognathus decorus, Kimura et al. (2008) and Dehghani (2014) as Leiognathus blochii (non Valenciennes 1835). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Oman east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1988.2.29.68-73 (6). Remark: Leiognathus decorus (De Vis, 1884) is a junior synonym. Gymnocranius grandoculis (Valenciennes 1830) Blue-lined large-eye bream Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Al-Marzouqi et al. (2018) as Gymnocranius cf. grandoculis. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles, Comores, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands, Line Islands and Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Photopectoralis bindus (Valenciennes, 1835) Orangefin ponyfish (Panjzari-e-balehnaranji, Persian; Siny, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Leiognathus bindus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Leiognathus bindus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Leiognathus bindus, Relyea (1981) as Leiognathus bindus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Leiognathus bindus, Hussain et al. (1988, 1994) as Leiognathus bindus, Wright (1988) as Leiognathus brevirostris, Krupp & Müller (1994) as Leiognathus bindus, Randall (1995a) as Leiognathus bindus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Leiognathus bindus, Nasir (2000) as Leiognathus bindus, Bishop (2003) as Leiognathus bindus, Dehghani (2014) as Leiognathus bindus and Hoveizavi et al. (2016). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and Fiji, north to Taiwan, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 06 (1), USNM 267083 (6), USNM 267092 (3), USNM 267111 (2). Lethrinus borbonicus Valenciennes, 1830 - Snubnose emperor Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter & Allen (1989); subsequently reported by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Torquato et al. (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Gulf of Aden and East Africa to Seychelles, Madagascar, Réunion, Mauritius and Rodrigues (Mascarenes). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147880 (31), USNM 147881 (17), USNM 147882 (3), USNM 267096 (1), USNM 349354 (1), USNM 349355 (1). Lethrinus erythracanthus Valenciennes, 1830 Orange-spotted emperor (Sheiry, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Lethrinus kallopterus; subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) as Lethrinus Family Lethrinidae Remarks: Persian Gulf records of Lethrinella miniata 77 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 kallopterus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) as Lethrinus kallopterus and Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Lethrinus kallopterus. Seychelles and Mascarenes east to Sri Lanka. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Remarks: Authorship of species see Fricke (2008). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Marshall Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remarks: Lethrinus kallopterus Bleeker 1856 is a junior synonym. Lethrinus microdon Valenciennes, 1830 - Smalltooth emperor (Shehri-e-derazsoorat-e-ghahvehei, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Smith & Saleh (1987) as Lethrinus elongatus; subsequently reported by Carpenter & Allen (1989), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Palau and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14390 (4), USNM 349292 (1). Remarks: Lethrinus elongatus Valenciennes 1830 is a junior synonym. Lethrinus lentjan (Lacepède, 1802) - Pink ear emperor and Australian emperor (Shehri-e-gooshghermez, Persian; Sheiry, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981); previously reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Lethrinus fletus (non Whitley 1943), Relyea (1981) as Lethrinus fletus (non Whitley 1943); subsequently reported by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Lethrinus fletus (non Whitley 1943) and L. lentjan, Smith & Saleh (1987), Carpenter & Allen (1989), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Marshall Islands and Tonga, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14389 (4), UMPT 09 (1), USNM 147884 (9), USNM 267123 (5). Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) Spangled emperor (Sheiry, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Lethrinus genivittatus (non Valenciennes 1830), Smith & Saleh (1987), Carpenter & Allen (1989), Lee & Al-Baz (1989), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Bishop (2003), Grandcourt et al. (2006a), Taher et al. (2012), Nasir & Khalid (2013) as Lethpinus nebulosus, Dehghani (2014), Jabado et al. (2015a), Jawad & Ibrahim (2017b, 2018a) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia) and Lethrinus mahsena (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) - Sky emperor Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Taher et al. (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar, Aldabra, 78 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 06 (19), UMPT 07 (1), UMPT 08 (2), UMPT 09 (5), UMPT 12 (2, 54), USNM 147883 (4), USNM 148086 (1), USNM 226506 (1), USNM 349370 (1). temperate seas, except for eastern Pacific. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Family Lutjanidae Aprion virescens Valenciennes, 1830 - Green jobfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Relyea (1981); subsequently reported by Allen (1985) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island, and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Lethrinus olivaceus Valenciennes, 1830 - Longface emperor Status in Persian Gulf: New record of this taxon from Persian Gulf; previously recorded by Relyea (1981) as Lethrinus miniatus (non Forster 1801) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Lethrinus miniatus (non Forster 1801). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Marshall and northern Line Islands and Henderson Island (Pitcairn Group), north to Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 06 (2), UMPT 12 (1). Etelis carbunculus Cuvier, 1828 - Deep-water red snapper Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Allen (1985). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Comores, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Line Islands and Austral Islands, north to southern Japan, south to off Kimberleys (Western Australia), New Caledonia, northern New Zealand, and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Monotaxis grandoculis (Forsskål in Niebuhr1775) Humpnose bigeye bream Status in Persian Gulf: New record from the Persian Gulf, based on SMNS 14404 (1) from Iraq. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga, Austral Islands and Gambier Islands. IUCN: Least concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14404 (1). Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) - Mangrove red snapper (Sorkhoo harra, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981), Allen (1985), Allen & Talbot (1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Allen & Steene (1987), Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Sadighzadeh et al. (2012) and Taher et al. (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Kiribati (Line Islands) and Family Lobotidae Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch, 1790) - Tripletail Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm 79 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), and Tonga; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147874 (2), USNM 147896 (1). Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b), Allen (1985), Allen & Talbot (1985), Smith & Saleh (1987) as Lutjanus fulviflammus, Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Grandcourt et al. (2006b), Sadighzadeh et al. (2012), Torquato et al. (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Philippines, Samoa and Tonga, north to Taiwan and Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 12 (1), USNM 147604 (1), USNM 147876 (1), USNM 147877 (16), USNM 148115 (2). Lutjanus ehrenbergii (Peters, 1869) - Blackspot snapper Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Lutjanus ehrenbergi; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Lutjanus ehrenbergi, Relyea (1981) as Lutjanus ehrenbergi, Smith & Saleh (1987) as Lutjanus ehrenbergi, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) as Lutjanus ehrenbergi, Sadighzadeh et al. (2012) and Taher et al. (2012) as Lutjanus ehrenbergi. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Caroline Islands and Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan, south to Northern Territory (Australia). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Lutjanus fulvus (Forster 1801) - Blacktail snapper Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi (1950); subsequently reported by Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Aldabra, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Line Islands (Kiribati) and Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia), Norfolk Island and Rapa, introduced to Hawaiian Islands. IUCN: Least concern (LC). Lutjanus erythropterus Bloch, 1790 - Crimson snapper (Sorkhoo-e-khooni, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Mesoprion annularis and M. erythropterus; subsequently reported by Sadighzadeh et al. (2012) and Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Philippines and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands and southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Solomon Islands, and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) Humpback red snapper (Hamrah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Lutjanus coccineus; subsquently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Lutjanus coccineus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Lutjanus coccineus and L. gibbus, Relyea (1981) as Lutjanus coccineus and Lee & AlBaz (1989) as Lutjanus coccineus. Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) Dory snapper (Sorkhoo zard-e-khal-syah, Persian; Naisarah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & 80 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Lutjanus johnii (Bloch, 1792) - John's snapper Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Line Islands (Kiribati), north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remark: Lutjanus coccineus (Cuvier, 1828) is a junior synonym. (Sorkhoo-e-maamooli, Persian; Naisarah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Lutjanus johni, Carpenter et al. (1997b), Basson et al. (1981) as Lutjanus johni, Relyea (1981) as Lutjanus johni, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) as Lutjanus johni, Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006) as Lutjanus johni, Sadighzadeh et al. (2012, 2014) and Dehghani (2014) as Lutjanus johni. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius and Rodrigues) east to Philippines and Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Kimberleys (Western Australia) and Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Lutjanus indicus Allen, White & Erdmann 2013 Indian snapper (Sorkhoo hasht-khat, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Allen et al. (2013); previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Lutjanus russelli (non Bleeker 1849); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Lutjanus russelli (non Bleeker 1849), Relyea (1981) as Lutjanus russelli (non Bleeker 1849), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) as Lutjanus russelli (non Bleeker 1849), Allen (1985) as Lutjanus russellii (non Bleeker 1849), Allen & Talbot (1985) as Lutjanus russellii (non Bleeker 1849), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Lutjanus russelli (non Bleeker 1849), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Lutjanus russelli (non Bleeker 1849), Randall (1995a) as Lutjanus russelli (non Bleeker 1849), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) as Lutjanus russelli (non Bleeker 1849), Bishop (2003) as Lutjanus russelli (non Bleeker 1849), Sadighzadeh et al. (2012) as Lutjanus russellii (non Bleeker 1849), Dehghani (2014) as Lutjanus russeli (non Bleeker 1849), Torquato et al. (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018) as Lutjanus russellii (non Bleeker 1849). Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: East Africa, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Andaman Sea. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 29448 (1 paratype), USNM 148084 (1), WAM P.25986-001 (1 paratype), WAM P.25987-008 (1 paratype). Lutjanus kasmira (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) - Common bluestripe snapper (Naisarah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Line Islands (Kiribati) and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to off Western Australia, New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island, Kermadec Islands and Rapa. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke (2008). Lutjanus lemniscatus (Valenciennes, 1828) Yellowstreaked snapper (Sorkhoo mokhattat-e-zard, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf 81 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Lutjanus janthinuropterus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Lutjanus janthinuropterus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Lutjanus janthinuropterus and Sadighzadeh et al. (2012). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south to Western Australia and Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Remarks: Has been referred to as Lutjanus janthinuropterus and Lutjanus rangus (a junior synonym of Lutjanus bohar) by previous authors. (1986), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006), Sadighzadeh et al. (2012) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Palau, Fiji and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Lutjanus monostigma (Cuvier, 1828) - One-spot snapper Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian Gulf, based on USNM 267086 (1), USNM 267118 (7) from off Bahrain. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Kiribati (Line Islands) and Pitcairn, north to southern Japan, south to off northwestern Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Rapa. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 267086 (1), USNM 267118 (7). Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch, 1790 - Bigeye snapper (Sorkhoo chashm-dorosht, Persian; Naisarah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Lutjanus lineolatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Lutjanus lineolatus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Lutjanus lineolatus, Relyea (1981) as Lutjanus lineolatus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) as Lutjanus lineolatus, Allen (1985), Allen & Talbot (1985), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Sadighzadeh et al. (2012) and Jabado et al. (2015a). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, Vanuatu and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 267077 (3), USNM 267079 (4), USNM 298309 (1). Remarks: Often referred to as Lutjanus lineolatus by previous authors. Lutjanus quinquelineatus (Bloch, 1790) - Five-lined snapper (Sorkhoo panj-khat, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Allen & Talbot (1985); subsequently reported by Allen (1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Taher et al. (2012). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe Island. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remarks. This species has been referred to as Lutjanus spilurus. Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Malabar blood snapper (Sorkhoo malabari, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969); subsequently reported by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b), Allen (1985), Allen & Talbot (1985), Kuronuma & Abe Lutjanus rivulatus (Cuvier, 1828) - Blubberlip snapper (Sorkhoo ghahvehee and Sorkhoo ghahvohei, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf 82 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf by Relyea (1981); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) and Sadighzadeh et al. (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Palau and Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Gulf east to Philippines, Papua New Guinea and Fiji, north to Taiwan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 29461 (3). Pristipomoides filamentosus (Valenciennes, 1830) Crimson jobfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Aprion microlepis; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Aprion macrolepis, Relyea (1981) as Aprion microlepis, Allen (1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Pristipomoides microlepis and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Comores, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to off northwestern Australia, New South Wales (Australia) and Kermadec Islands. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Lutjanus sanguineus (Cuvier, 1828) - Humphead snapper Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969); subsequently reported by Basson et al. (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b), Allen (1985), Allen & Talbot (1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Western Indian Ocean: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles and Madagascar east to western India. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Pristipomoides multidens (Day 1870) - Goldbanded jobfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Allen (1985). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Réunion (western Mascarenes) east to Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia IUCN: Least concern (LC). Lutjanus sapphirolineatus Iwatsuki, Al-Mamry & Heemstra 2016 - Blueline snapper (Sorkhoo bangali, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian Gulf; previously reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Lutjanus bengalensis (non Bloch 1790). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 385842 (4). Pristipomoides sieboldii (Bleeker, 1855) - Lavender jobfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Allen (1985). Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic: Vema Seamount; Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Arafura Sea off Northern Territory (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Pinjalo pinjalo (Bleeker, 1850) - Pinjalo (Sorkhoo kajpoolak, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b); subsequently reported by Allen (1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall et al. (1987), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Oman and Persian 83 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Family Menidae subsequently reported by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf, Andaman Sea. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 18288 (holotype), AMS I.25403-001 (1 paratype), BPBM 21495 (1 paratype), BPBM 30659 (2 paratypes), BPBM 30660 (3 paratypes), USNM 258653 (1 paratype). Mene maculata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Moonfish (Mah-mahi, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Mene maculator, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Valinassab et al. (2006) as Mene maculate. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to New Guinea and Melanesia, south to Western Australia and New South Wales (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14388 (1). Ptereleotris microlepis (Bleeker, 1856) - Pale dartfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Hawaiian and Line islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33326 (1). Family Microdesmidae Gunnellichthys viridescens Dawson, 1968 - Yellowstripe wormfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Seychelles and Persian Gulf east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33273 (1). Family Monodactylidae Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Silver moony Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Relyea (1981); subsequently reported by Krupp et al. (2000), Zajonz et al. (2002), Taher et al. (2012) and Jawad (2013). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Mariana Islands, Caroline Islands (Micronesia) and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and to New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMF 28601 (2). Parioglossus raoi (Herre, 1939) - Rao's hover goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Micronesia and Fiji, north to Yaeyama Islands. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 34469 (11). Ptereleotris arabica Randall & Hoese, 1985 - Arabian dartfish Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Randall & Hoese (1985); Family Mugilidae Chelon carinatus (Valenciennes, 1836) - Keeled mullet 84 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Crenimugil pedaraki (Valenciennes, 1836) - Longfin Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Hussain et al. (1988) as Liza carinata; subsquently reported by Abou-Seedo (1992) as Liza carinata, Nasir (2000) as Liza carinata and Mohamed et al. (2016) as Planiliza carinata. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles and Madagascar east to India; immigrated into eastern Mediterranean Sea through Suez Canal (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14418 (4), USNM 148970 (6). mullet Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Valamugil pedaraki. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, Oman and Persian Gulf east to Indonesia, north to southern Japan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) Squaretail mullet Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Liza waigiensis; subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) as Mugil vaigiensis, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Liza vaigiensis, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Liza vaigiensis, Nasir (2000) as Liza vaigiensis, Bishop (2003) as Liza vaigiensis, Edwin (2012) and Dehghani (2014) as Liza vaigiensis. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Réunion (western Mascarenes) east to Marshall Islands, Gambier Islands and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia, Society Islands and Rapa. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remark: Previously named Liza vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825). Chelon macrolepis (Smith, 1846) - Largescale mullet (Beyah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Liza macrolepis; subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) as Mugil macrolepis, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Liza macrolepis, Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985) as Liza macrolepis, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Liza macrolepis, Hussain et al. (1988) as Liza macrolepis, Nasir (2000) as Liza macrolepis and Taher et al. (2012) as Liza macrolepis. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Rodrigues (Mascarenes) east to Tuamotu Archipelago and Marquesas Islands, south to New Caledonia, Aitutaki (Cook Islands) and Austral Islands; also adjacent estuaries and fresh water habitats of Africa, Asia, Australia and Oceania. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14408 (1). Moolgarda seheli (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) - Bluespot mullet (Beyah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Valamugil seheli; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Valamugil seheli, Relyea (1981) as Mugil seheli, Abou-Seedo (1992) as Valamugil seheli, Krupp & Müller (1994) as Valamugil seheli, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Valamugil seheli, Bishop (2003) as Valamugil seheli and Taher et al. (2012) as Valamugil seheli. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Crenimugil buchanani (Bleeker 1853) - Bluetail mullet Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Valamugil buchanani. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Marshall Islands; shallow coastal waters, estuaries, entering creeks and rivers. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). 85 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Paramugil parmatus (Cantor, 1849) - Broad-mouthed Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and Norfolk Island. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke (2008). Previously named Valamugil seheli (Forsskal, 1775). mullet Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Bolster (1948) as Mugil oligolepis; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Mugil oligolepis, Khalaf (1961) as Mugil oligolepis, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Liza oligolepis, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Liza oligolepis and Coad (2010). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Sri Lanka east to Fiji, north to Philippines, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Remark: Liza oligolepis (Bleeker, 1859) is a junior synonym. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 - Flathead grey mullet (Biah Srpehn, Kafal, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Nearly circumglobal in temperate and tropical seas and estuaries, except not in parts of the western Atlantic. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843) - Abu mullet (Biah, Biah Zury, Derbak, Do'kelki, Shochy, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf of Mahdi (1950) as Mugil hishni; subsequently reported by Khalaf (1961) as Mugil abu, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Mugil abu and M. hishni, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Asia: Turkey, Iraq and Iran; rivers and estuaries in Persian Gulf system. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Planiliza klunzingeri (Day, 1888) - Klunzinger's mullet Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a) as Chelon klunzingeri; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Liza klunzingeri, Zajonz et al. (2002) as Liza klunzingeri, Bishop (2003) as Liza klunzingeri, Mohamed et al. (2016), Moravec et al. (2016) as Liza klunzingeri and Naji et al. (2016) as Liza klunzingeri. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Oman east to western India. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 9977 (3). Osteomugil cunnesius (Valenciennes, 1836) Longarm mullet Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Valamugil cunnesius. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Réunion (western Mascarenes) east to New Guinea and Vanuatu, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Remark: synonym of Valamugil cunnesius (Valenciennes, 1836) Osteomugil speigleri (Bleeker 1858) - Speigler's mullet Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mohamed et al. (2016). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to New Guinea. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: DFMRB uncat. (125). Planiliza persica (Senou, Randall & Okiyama, 1995) - Persian mullet 86 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Senou et al. in Randall (1995a) as Chelon persicus; subsequently reported by Senou et al. (1996) as Chelon persicus and Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Liza persicus. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Mullidae Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (Lacepède, 1801) Yellowstripe goatfish (Hamer, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b); subsequently reported by Bishop (2003), Edwin (2012) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia) at 36°S, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia and Rapa. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 196498 (3), USNM 196499 (6). Planiliza planiceps (Valenciennes, 1836) - Tade gray mullet Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Liza planiceps; previously reported by Abou-Seedo (1992) as Mugil tade (non Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Mariana Islands and Vanuatu, south to New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Parupeneus ciliatus (Lacepède, 1802) - Whitesaddle Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) Greenback mullet Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Mugil dussumieri; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Mugil dussumieri, Khalaf (1961) as Mugil dussumieri, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Liza dussumieri, Relyea (1981) as Mugil dussumieri, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Liza dussumieri, Hussain et al. (1988) as Liza subviridis, Wright (1988), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Liza subviridis, Hussain et al. (1994) as Liza subviridis, Krupp & Müller (1994) as Liza subviridis, Randall (1995a) as Chelon subviridis, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Liza subviridis, Nasir (2000) as Liza subviridis, Zajonz et al. (2002) as Liza subviridis, Bishop (2003) as Liza subviridis, Nasir & Khalid (2013) as Liza subviridis, Dehghani (2014) as Mugil dussumieri and Mohamed et al. (2016). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, Tonga and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Shark Bay (Western Australia), New South Wales goatfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) as Parupeneus pleurotaenia; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Parupeneus pleurotaenia, El-Agamy (1989) as Parupeneus pleurotaenia and Haseli et al. (2010). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn, north to southern Japan, south to western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remarks: Mullus pleurotaenia Playfair 1867 is a junior synonym. Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacepède 1801) - Goldsaddle goatfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and 87 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia and Rapa. IUCN: Least concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMT 02 (1), UMPT 07 (2), UMPT 08 (1), UMPT 09 (4), UMPT 12 (11). Parupeneus heptacanthus (Lacepède, 1802) IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 29573 (holotype), AMNH 18379 (2), AMS I.24445-001 (1 paratype), BMNH 1984.3.29.1 (1 paratype), BPBM 21220 (1 paratype), BPBM 29406 (2 paratypes), BPBM 29407 (10), BPBM 29410 (9 paratypes), BPBM 30490 (1), BPBM 33327 (3), CAS 64838 (1 paratype), HUJ 11388 (1 paratype), MCZ 60804 (1 paratype), MNHN 1983-0677 (3 paratypes), NSMT-P 23030 (1 paratype), SAIAB 20063 (1 paratype), USNM 147994 (8 paratypes), USNM 265815 (1 paratype). - Cinnabar goatfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Randall (2004), Randall & Heemstra (2009) and Ketabi et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Australia, Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 29415 (1). Upeneus doriae (Günther, 1869) - Gilded goatfish Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Günther (1869) ; also reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Mulloidichthys auriflamma (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Mulloidichthys auriflamma (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Mulloidichthys auriflamma (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Basson et al. (1981) as Mulloidichthys auriflamma (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Relyea (1981) as Mulloidichthys auriflamma (non Forsskål 1775); subsequently reported by Gallotti (1971) as Upeneus moluccensis (non Bleeker 1855), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Bishop (2003) and Uiblein & Heemstra (2010). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SAIAB 58782 (2), SMF 26055 (3). Parupeneus macronemus (Lacepède, 1801) - Longbarbel goatfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes, Cocos-Keeling Islands, Christmas Island to Indonesia and Philippines. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Parupeneus margaritatus Randall & Guézé, 1984 Upeneus oligospilus Lachner, 1954 - Short-fin Pearly goatfish Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Randall & Guézé (1984); subsequently reported by Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Randall (2004) and Randall & Heemstra (2009). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to Pakistan. goatfish (Hamer, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Lachner (1954); also reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Upeneus tragula (non Richardson 1846); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) and Uiblein & Heemstra (2010, 2011). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian 88 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Gulf endemic. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 153988 (holotype), NRM 16480 (1), SMF 10285 (1), USNM 147995 (11 paratypes), USNM 196238 (2). Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b), Krupp et al. (2000) and Uiblein & Heemstra (2010). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Mauritius and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and Papua New Guinea, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: SMF 26056 (1), SMF 26057 (3), ZMUC P.49121 (1), ZMUC P.49122 (1), ZMUC P.49123 (1), ZMUC P.49124 (1). Upeneus randalli Uiblein & Heemstra, 2011 Randall's goatfish Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Uiblein & Heemstra (2011); previously reported in part by Uiblein & Heemstra (2010) as Upeneus margarethae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33180 (holotype), BPBM 21201 (6 paratypes), ZMUC P49161 (1 paratype). Upeneus tragula Richardson, 1846 - Freckled goatfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b), Smith & Saleh (1987), Abou-Seedo (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012) and Uiblein & Heemstra (2010). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Upeneus sulphureus Cuvier, 1829 - Sulphur goatfish (Boz-mahi-e-zard-jameh, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Nader & Jawdat (1977); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Husain et al. (1988), Abou-Seedo (1992), Hussain et al. (1994) as Upeneus sulphurus, Krupp & Müller (1994), Uiblein & Heemstra (2010), Taher et al. (2012) and Hoveizavi et al. (2016). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Philippines and Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BRC 166 (1), SMNS 14406 (3), UMPT 05 (116), UMPT 06 (4), UMPT 07 (14), UMPT 13 (37), UMPT 14 (4), UMPT 15 (17), UMPT 16 (8), UMPT 17 (5), UMPT 20 (5), ZMUC P.49156 (1). Upeneus vittatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) Yellowstriped goatfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Upeneus asymmetricus (non Lachner 1954), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Uiblein & Heemstra (2010). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Line Islands and Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia Upeneus sundaicus (Bleeker, 1855) - Ochrebanded goatfish (Boz-mahi-e-navar-ajori, Persian) 89 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). USNM 266523 (4). Nemipterus peronii (Valenciennes, 1830) Notchedfin threadfin bream (Bassi, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Nemipterus tolu; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Odontoglyphis tolu, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Nemipterus tolu and N. oveniides, Basson et al. (1981) as Nemipterus tolu, Relyea (1981) as Nemipterus tolu, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b) as Nemipterus tolu, Russell (1986, 1990), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines and Vanuatu, north to Taiwan and China, south to Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14402 (2), SU 68803 (4), UMPT 05 (1), UMPT 06 (12), UMPT 07 (28), UMPT 08 (3), UMPT 12 (1), UMPT 13 (2), UMPT 19 (1), USNM 147872 (3), USNM 147873 (1), USNM 266524 (8). Remarks. This species has been misidentified as Nemipterus furcosus. Family Nemipteridae Nemipterus bipunctatus (Valenciennes, 1830) Delagoa threadfin bream Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Menon (1960) as Nemipterus bleekeri; subsquently reported by Khalaf (1961) as Nemipterus bleekeri, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Nemipterus bleekeri, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b) as Nemipterus delagoae, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Nemipterus delagoae and N. bleekeri, Russell (1986, 1990), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: East Africa, Madagascar and Mauritius east to Andaman Sea and Strait of Malacca. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: NTM S.11132-001 (2), UMPT 07 (1). Remarks: Nemipterus delagoae Smith 1941 is a junior synonym. Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) - Japanese threadfin bream (Bassi, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Russell (1986, 1990), Hussain et al. (1988), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Valinassab et al. (2006). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Madagascar east to Philippines, north to southern Japan; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 29520 (1); SMNS 14424 (1), UMPT 11 (3), UMPT 13 (20), UMPT 14 (3), UMPT 15 (3), UMPT 16 (3), UMPT 17 (3), UMPT 18 (9), UMPT 19 (4), USNM 231478 (3), Nemipterus randalli Russell, 1986 - Randall's threadfin bream Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Russell (1986); also reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Nemipterus marginatus (non Valenciennes 1830); subsequently reported by Russell (1990), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to India. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 29519 (holotype); BPBM 29507 (1 paratype), UMPT 05 (4). Nemipterus zysron (Bleeker, 1856) - Slender 90 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Scolopsis bimaculatus, Russell (1990) as Scolopsis bimaculatus, Randall (1995a) as Scolopsis bimaculatus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Scolopsis bimaculatus and Bishop (2003) as Scolopsis bimaculatus. Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Sri Lanka and Bay of Bengal (India). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). threadfin bream Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Jawad & Al-Badri (2014); previously reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Nemipterus nemurus (non Bleeker 1857). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Madagascar and Seychelles east to Marshall Islands and Fiji, north to Taiwan, south to Dampier Archipelago (Western Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: SU 68802 (1), UMPT 05 (1), USNM 147838 (1). Scolopsis frenata (Cuvier, 1830) - Bridled monocle bream Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Scolopsis phaeops. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar, Seychelles and Mascarenes east to Chagos Archipelago. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14397 (2), USNM 147889 (15), USNM 196477 (3). Parascolopsis aspinosa (Rao & Rao, 1981) - Smooth dwarf monocle bream (Govazim-e-chashm-dorosht, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Russell (1990); subsequently reported by Russel & Golani (1993), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to Andaman Sea. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 21177 (1), BPBM 21222 (1), NTM S.11137-001 (4), USNM 266525 (1). Scolopsis ghanam (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) - Arabian monocle bream (Ebzaimy, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b), Smith & Saleh (1987), Russell (1990), Krupp (1991), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Taher et al. (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: East Africa, Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Andaman Islands. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 06 (25), UMPT 09 (6), USNM 147888 (3), USNM 227612 (1), USNM 266521 (1), USNM 266522 (1). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke (2008). Parascolopsis eriomma (Jordan & Richardson, 1909) - Rosy dwarf monocle bream Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Jawad & Al-Badri (2014). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to southern Indonesia and Arafura and Timor seas. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Scolopsis bimaculata Rüppell, 1828 - Thumbprint monocle bream Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) as Scolopsis bimaculatus; subsequently reported by Scolopsis taeniata (Cuvier, 1830) - Black-streaked 91 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 monocle bream (Govazim-e-taknavar, Persian; Ebzaimy, Arabic, Kuwait; Ebzaimee, Arabic, Bahrain) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Smith & Saleh (1987) as Scolopsis taeniatus; previously reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Scolopsis phaeops (non Bennett 1832), Relyea (1981) as Scolopsis phaeops (non Bennett 1832); subsequently reported by Russell (1990) as Scolopsis thaeniatus, Krupp & Müller (1994) as Scolopsis taeniatus, Randall (1995a) as Scolopsis taeniatus, Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) as Scolopsis taeniatus, Bishop (2003) as Scolopsis taeniatus and Taher et al. (2012) as Scolopsis taeniatus. Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Sri Lanka. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 06 (3), UMPT 07 (1), UMPT 08 (7), UMPT 09 (4), USNM 266517 (2), USNM 266518 (6), USNM 266519 (1), USNM 266520 (2). Family Opistognathidae Opistognathus muscatensis Boulenger, 1888 -Robust jawfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Hussain & Jawad (2014). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: South and East Africa and Seychelles to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 216403 (1). Opistognathus nigromarginatus Rüppell, 1830 Bridled jawfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: South and East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Thailand and Vietnam. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 29670 (1), BPBM 30287 (1), BPBM 30289 (1), BPBM 30290 (1), BPBM 30846 (1), BPBM 30847 (1). Scolopsis vosmeri (Bloch, 1792) - Whitecheek Family Pentacerotidae Histiopterus typus Temminck &Schlegel, 1844 Sailfin armourhead Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Comoros and Réunion (western Mascarenes) east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). monocle bream (Hasseyeh, Arabic, Bahrain) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a) as S. ruppelli, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as S. vosmeri and S. ruppelli; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Scolopsis vosmeri and S. ruppelli, Russell (1990), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Scolopsis ruppelli, Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to Northern Territory (Australia) and Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: CAS 48283 (3), UMPT 12 (1). Family Percidae Sander marinus (Cuvier 1828) - Estuarine perch Status in Persian Gulf: Interoduced in Persian Gulf. Distribution: Northern Black Sea and Caspian Sea. Introduced elsewhere. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14398 (1). 92 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Family Pinguipedidae Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Réunion (western Mascarenes) east to Pakistan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1900.5.9.37 (1), BMNH 2014.5.27.19 (1), BPBM 21276 (2), BPBM 21496 (1), MNHN 1902-0153 (1), UMPT 10 (1), UMPT 12 (1), USNM 147985 (32), USNM 195844 (1), USNM 196492 (2), USNM 266972 (6). Remarks: Records of Parapercis nebulosa (non Quoy & Gaimard 1825) are misidentifications of this species. Parapercis alboguttata (Günther, 1872) - Whitespot sandsmelt Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to South China Sea, south to northwestern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 266974 (1), USNM 266975 (1), USNM 266976 (2). Parapercis maculata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Family Polynemidae Harlequin sandperch Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Parapercis smithii; subsequently reported Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Parapercis smithii and Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Parapercis smithi. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Comoros, Madagascar and Réunion (Mascarenes) east to Indonesia, north to southern Japan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 11 (1). Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804) Fourfinger threadfin (Rashgoo maamooli, Persian; Sheem, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Bolster (1948) as Eleutheronema tetradactilus, Mahdi (1950) as Polydactylus tetradactylus, Khalaf (1961) as Polynemus tetradactylus, Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), AbouSeedo (1992), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003), Motomura (2004), Valinassab et al. (2006), Nasir & Khalid (2013), Dehghani (2014) and Moravec et al. (2016). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Papua New Guinea, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2014.5.27.34 (1). Parapercis robinsoni Fowler, 1929 - Smallscale grubfish (Terr, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall & Stroud (1985); also reported by Regan (1905) as Percis nebulosa (non Quoy & Gaimard 1825), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Parapercis pulchella (non Temminck & Schlegel 1843), Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Parapercis nebulosa (non Quoy & Gaimard 1825), Basson et al. (1981) as Parapercis nebulosus (non Quoy & Gaimard 1825), Relyea (1981) as Parapercis nebulosus (non Quoy & Gaimard 1825), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Parapercis nebulosus (non Quoy & Gaimard 1825); subsequently reported by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003). Polydactylus persicus Motomura & Iwatsuki, 2001 Persian blackspot threadfin (Rashgoo shesh-khat, Persian; Ghazal, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Motomura & Iwatsuki (2001); also reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Polynemus sextarius (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801), Khalaf (1961) as Polynemus 93 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 sextarius (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Polynemus sextarius (non Bloch & Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, Tonga and Austral Islands. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Schneider, 1801), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Polydactylus sextarius (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801), Relyea (1981) as Polydactylus sextarius (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Hussain et al. (1988) as Polydactylus sextarius (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801), Randall (1995a) as Polydactylus sextarius (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Polydactylus sextarius (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Nasir (2000) as Polydactylus sextarius (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Hussein et al. (2002) as Polydactylus sextarius (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Bishop (2003) as Polydactylus sextarius (non Bloch & Schneider 1801) and Dehghani (2014) as Polydactylus sextarius (non Bloch & Schneider 1801); subsequently reported by Motomura (2004). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: MCZ 60001 (holotype), AMS I.40432-001 (1 paratype), BMNH 2000.9.25.1 (1 paratype), KU 10528 (1 paratype), MCZ 592251 (5 paratypes, 1 c&s), MCZ 158350 (2 paratypes), MUFS 20410 (1 paratype), SMNS 14422 (1), USNM 363075 (1 paratype). Pomacanthus maculosus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) - Yellowbar angelfish (Hamad, Persian; Anfooz, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Klausewitz (1968), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Allen (1979), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a) as Pomacanthus aculosus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp (1991), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Allen et al. (1998), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012), Jawad et al. (2014d), Torquato et al. (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 06 (3), UMPT 08 (4), UMPT 09 (1), USNM 147894 (19), USNM 147895 (2), USNM 196493 (3), USNM 266731 (2), USNM 267104 (2), USNM 267145 (1). Family Pomacanthidae Apolemichthys xanthotis (Fraser-Brunner 1950) Red Sea angelfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Allen et al. (1998) Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Pygoplites flavescens (Bennett 1831) - Regal angelfish Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian Gulf; previously reported by Basson et al. (1981) as Pygoplites diacanthus (non Boddaert 1772), Relyea (1981) as Pygoplites diacanthus (non Boddaert 1772). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar, Pomacanthus imperator (Bloch, 1787) - Emperor angelfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972); subsequently reported by Allen (1979), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986). 94 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Mauritius (Mascarenes) and Maldives east to western Indonesia. IUCN: Least concern (LC). Remarks: Accepted as a valid subspecies of P. diacanthus by Coleman et al. (2016); in the present paper raised to species level. 275096 (1). Remarks. Often confused with the closely related Atlantic species Abudefduf saxatilis (see Allen1991). Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett, 1830) - Yellowtail clownfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Relyea (1981); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Smith & Saleh (1987), Allen (1991a), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Buchanan et al. (2015). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Micronesia, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 181874 (2), USNM 197733 (2). Family Pomacentridae Abudefduf sexfasciatus (Lacepède, 1801) - Scissortail sergeant Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Glyphidodon coelestinus. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marquesas and Gambier islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Rapa. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Chromis flavaxilla Randall, 1994 - Arabian chromis Abudefduf vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) Indo-Pacific sergeant Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Smith & Saleh (1987); also reported by Basson et al. (1981) as Abudefduf saxatilis (non Linnaeus 1758), Relyea (1981) as Abudefduf saxatilis (non Linnaeus 1758), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Abudefduf saxatilis vaigiensis, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Abudefduf saxatilis (non Linnaeus 1758), Taher et al. (2012) as Abudefduf saxatili (non Linnaeus 1758); subsequently reported by Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Allen (1991a), Bishop (2003), Buchanan et al. (2015) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: South Africa and East Africa, Madagascar and Réunion (Mascarenes) east to Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), and northern New Zealand; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant); introduced at Hawaiian Islands. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147897 (62), USNM Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Randall (1994c); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Buchanan et al. (2015). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33289 (1 paratype). Chromis ternatensis (Bleeker, 1856) - Ternate chromis Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994); subsequently reported by Edwin (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Mariana Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). 95 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Chromis weberi Fowler & Bean, 1928 - Weber's southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia and Austral Islands. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). chromis Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Edwin (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Madagascar and Réunion (western Mascarenes) to Line Islands, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Neopomacentrus cyanomos (Bleeker, 1856) - Regal demoiselle Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subseqently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Buchanan et al. (2015). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar to Philippines and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Chromis xanthopterygia Randall & McCarthy, 1988 - Yellowfin chromis Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Randall & McCarthy (1988); subsequently reported by Allen (1991a), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Buchanan et al. (2015). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30436 (holotype), BMNH 1986.6.24.1 (1 paratype), BPBM 30308 (2 paratypes), BPBM 30407 (1 paratype), BPBM 30495 (7 paratypes), BPBM 31255 (1 paratype), CAS 58492 (1), NSMT-P 4176 (1 paratype), ROM 50818 (1 paratype), SAIAB 26039 (1 paratype), USNM 278732 (1 paratype), WAM P.28787-001 (1 paratype). Neopomacentrus sindensis (Day, 1873) - Arabian demoiselle Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Glyphidodon sindensis; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Pomacentrus sindensis, Smith & Saleh (1987), Allen (1991a), Krupp (1991), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 11 (2). Dascyllus trimaculatus (Rüppell, 1829) - Threespot Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus Fowler & Ball dascyllus Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Allen (1991a), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Buchanan et al. (2015). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to 1924 - Johnston Island damselfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Aldabra, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands and Japan, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia and Rapa. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). 96 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Pomacentrus aquilus Allen & Randall, 1981 - Dark Pomacentrus trilineatus Cuvier, 1830 - Threeline damsel Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Allen & Randall (1981); subsequently reported by Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Buchanan et al. (2015). Distribution: Red Sea, Western Indian Ocean: East Africa and Persian Gulf to Madagascar. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1976.9.20.1-7 (7 paratypes). damsel Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Western Indian Ocean: East Africa and Persian Gulf to Madagascar. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Pristotis obtusirostris (Günther, 1862) - Gulf damselfish Status in Persian Gulf: First from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Pomacentrus jerdoni and P. ontusirostris; subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Daya jerdoni, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Daya jerdoni, Relyea (1981) as Pristotis jerdoni, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Daya jerdoni, Allen (1991a) as Pristotis jerdoni, Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 08 (4). Pomacentrus leptus Allen &Randall, 1980 - Slender damsel Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Bishop (2003) and Buchanan et al. (2015). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Gulf of Aden and Gulf of Oman to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1994.1.18.10 (1), BPBM 30426 (1), BPBM 30469 (2). Family Priacanthidae Priacanthus blochii Bleeker, 1853 - Paeony bulleye Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp et al. (2000). Distribution: Southern Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden, Persian Gulf and Seychelles east to Philippines and Samoa, south to Western Australia and Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: SMF 28595 (1), SMF 28599 (1). Pomacentrus trichrourus Günther, 1867 - Paletail damsel Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Smith & Saleh (1987) as Pomacentrus trichourus; subsequently reported by Allen (1991a) as Pomacentrus trichourus, Krupp & Müller (1994) as Pomacentrus trichourus, Randall (1995a) as Pomacentrus trichourus, Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) as Pomacentrus trichourus, Bishop (2003) as Pomacentrus trichourus and Buchanan et al. (2015) as Pomacentrus trichourus. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa and Persian Gulf to Madagascar and Mascarenes. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Priacanthus hamrur (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) - Moontail bullseye Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and 97 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marquesas Islands and Gambier Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Lord Howe Island and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 265647 (1). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke (2008). BPBM 30442 (1), BPBM 30471 (6), BPBM 30518 (3), BPBM 31955 (4), USNM 147901 (1), WAM P.25987-010 (3). Pseudochromis caudalis Boulenger, 1898 - Stripetailed dottyback Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Gill (2004). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: southern Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Sri Lanka. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 324633 (1), USNM 324634 (2). Priacanthus tayenus Richardson, 1846 -Purplespotted bigeye (Mahi-e-hoze-e-darya, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944; subsequently reported by Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Oman east to Philippines and Fiji, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 265644 (7), USNM 265645 (1), USNM 265646 (1). Pseudochromis linda Randall & Stanaland, 1989 Yellowtail dottyback Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994); previously reported by Lubbock (1975) as Pseudochromis olivaceus (non Rüppell 1835), Relyea (1981) as Pseudochromis olivaceus (non Rüppell 1835); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Gill (2004). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Sokotra Archipelago and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: AMS I.26715-001 (4), BMNH 1973.12.20.29-42 (14), BPBM 30487 (1), BPBM 31024 (1). Family Pseudochromidae Pseudochromis aldabraensis Bauchot-Boutin, 1958 Orange dottyback Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994); previously reported by Lubbock (1975, 1977) as Pseudochromis dutoiti (non Smith 1955), Relyea et al. (1980) as Pseudochromis dutoiti (non Smith 1955), Relyea (1981) as Pseudochromis dutoiti (non Smith 1955), Smith & Saleh (1987) as Pseudochromis dutoiti (non Smith 1955); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Bishop (2003) and Gill (2004). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Aldabra; Oman and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan; Sri Lanka. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1973.1.22.6-17 (12), BMNH 1973.1.22.18-25 (8), BPBM 21254 (1), Pseudochromis nigrovittatus Boulenger, 1897 Blackstripe dottyback Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905); subsequently reported by Lubbock (1975), Relyea (1981), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Gill (2004). Distribution: Southern Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden and Gulf of Oman to southern Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1900.12.9.35-36 (2), BMNH 1973.12.20.100-102 (3). 98 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Pseudochromis persicus Murray, 1887 - Bluespotted Family Scaridae dottyback Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Murray (1887); subsequently reported by Regan (1905), Lubbock (1975), Relyea et al. (1980), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Gill (2004). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to Pakistan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: Lectotype: BMNH 1887.9.22.45 (lectotype, selected by Lubbock 1975), BMNH 1887.9.22.46-48 (3 paralectotypes), BMNH 1973.12.20.1-7 (7), BMNH 1974.2.12.1-3 (3 paralectotypes), BMNH 2014.5.27.31-32 (2), BPBM 16407 (29; BPBM 21298 (3), BPBM 21491 (4), BPBM 29514 (4), BPBM 30519 (1), USNM 147902 (42), USNM 147903 (32), USNM 267100 (2). Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) Daisy parrotfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Relyea (1981) as Scarus sordidus; subsequently reported by Randall & Bruce (1983) as Scarus sordidus, Smith & Saleh (1987) as Scarus sordidus, Krupp & Müller (1994) as Scarus sordidus, Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Buchanan et al. (2015). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Indonesia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775 - Rusty parrotfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Parenti & Randall (2000) and Buchanan et al. (2015). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden and Gulf of Oman to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Family Rachycentridae Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) - Cobia (Sookalla, Persian; Sikin, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Rhachycentrum canadus; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Rhachycentron canadus, Menon (1960) as Rachycenteron canadus, Khalaf (1961) as Rachycentron canadus, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Rachycentron canadus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Rachycentron canadus, Basson et al. (1981) as Rachycentron canadus, Relyea (1981) as Rachycentron canadus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Rachycentron canadus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Rachycentron canadus, Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006) and Nasir & Khalid (2013). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 267125 (1). Scarus fuscopurpureus (Klunzinger, 1871) - Purplebrown parrotfish (Tooti-mahi-e-yashmi, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Parenti & Randall (2000). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Somalia, Persian Gulf. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Scarus ghobban Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775 - Blue-barred parrotfish (Tooti-mahi-e-zardpoolak, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Callyodon dussumieri; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Callyodon dussumieri, Basson et al. 99 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 (1981) as Callyodon guttatus, Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Randall & Bruce (1983), Smith & Saleh (1987), Hussain et al. (1988), Wright (1988), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Buchanan et al. (2015) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Panama (eastern Pacific), north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island and Rapa; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147916 (3), USNM 147917 (3). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke (2008). Scarus guttatus Bloch & Schneider 1801 is a junior synonym. and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Shark Bay (Western Australia), Lord Howe Island and Rapa. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Family Scatophagidae Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus, 1766) - Spotted scat (Zarook, Persian; Shing, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Parenti (2004), Dehghani (2014), Jawad (2017) and Jawad & Ibrahim (2017b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14386 (2). Scarus persicus Randall & Bruce, 1983 - Gulf parrotfish (Tooti-mahi-e-irani, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Randall & Bruce (1983); subsequently reported by Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Parenti & Randall (2000), Bishop (2003), Buchanan et al. (2015) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf to southern Oman. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 26399 (holotype), BPBM 21262 (1 paratype), SAIAB 491 (1 paratype), USNM 224474 (1 paratype). Family Sciaenidae Argyrosomus japonicas (Temminck & Schlegel 1843) - Japanese meagre Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pseudosciaena bleekeri; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Dehghani (2014) as Argyrosomus hololepidotus (non Lacepède 1801). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa and Persian Gulf east to Vietnam, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Scarus psittacus Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775 - Common parrotfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b); subsequently reported by Buchanan et al. (2015). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar Argyrosomus heinii (Steindachner 1902) - Hein's croaker Status in Persian Gulf: First record rom Persian Gulf by Trewavas in Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as 100 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Argyrosomus heinini. south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14393 (3). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: South Arabian coast to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Johnius borneensis (Bleeker, 1851) - Sharpnose Atrobucca nibe (Jordan & Thompson 1911) - hammer croaker Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a) as Johnius vogleri; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Johnius vogleri and Hoveizavi et al. (2016). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to China and New Guinea. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Remark: Otholithus vogleri Bleeker, 1853 is a junior synonym. Blackmouth croaker Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Hussain & Jawad (2014). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Johnius amblycephalus (Bleeker, 1855) - Bearded croaker Status in Persian Gulf: new ecord from Persian Gulf by Al-Faisal & Mutlak (2018). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: east of Pakistan through the coastal waters of the Indian Ocean and the Indo-Australian Archipelago to the Philippines, New Guinea and to the Repulse Bay, Queensland; through the South China Sea to Hainan, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Kwangtung. Reports from southern Africa are misidentifications of Johnius fuscolineatus (Sasaki 1997). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE) Remark Umbrina amblycephalus Bleeker, 1855 and Johnius amblycephala (Bleeker, 1855) are synonym. Johnius carutta Bloch, 1793 - Karut croaker Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981) as Pseudosciaena carutta, Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Oman east to Indonesia, north to southern China. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Johnius dussumieri (Cuvier, 1830) - Sin croaker Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Sciaena dussumieri; subsequently reported by Misra (1947) as Pseudosciaena sina, Bolster (1948) as Pseudosciaene sina, Mahdi (1950) as Pseudosciaena sina, Menon (1960) as Johnius osseus, Khalaf (1961) as Johnius osseus and Pseudosciaena sina, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Johnius osseus, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Johnius sina and Sciaena dussumieri, Relyea (1981) as Sciaena dussumieri, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Johnius sina, Hussain et al. (1988) as Johnius sina, Hussain et al. (1994) as Jhonius sina, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Johnius sina, Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003) as Johnius sina and Nasir & Johnius belangerii (Cuvier, 1830) - Belanger's croaker Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Misra (1947) as Johnius belengerii; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Johnius belengerii, Khalaf (1961) as Johnius belengeri, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Johnius belengeri, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1994) as Jhonius belangerii, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Hoveizavi et al. (2016) as Johnius belongeri. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Oman east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, 101 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Khalid (2013) as Johnius sina. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to Taiwan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 16 (2), UMPT 18 (1), UMPT 20 (6). Remark: Sciaena osseus Day 1876 and Johnius sina (Cuvier, 1830) are junior synonyms. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14410 (2). Otolithes ruber (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Tigertooth croaker (Shoorideh, Persian; Newaiby, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Bolster (1948) as Otolithus rouber, Mahdi (1950) as Otolithus ruber, Khalaf (1961) as Otolithus ruber, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Otolithus ruber, Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Otolithes argenteus, Relyea (1981) as Otolithes argenteus and O. ruber, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Lee & Al-Baz (1989) as Otolithes argenteus, Abou-Seedo (1992) as Otolithes argenteus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006) as Otholithes rubber, Nasir & Khalid (2013) and Dehghani (2014) as Otholithes rubber. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines, north to South China Sea, south to Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2014.5.27.13 (1), UMPT 13 (1), UMPT 16 (8), UMPT 17 (3), UMPT 18 (1), UMPT 19 (2), UMPT 20 (2). Kathala axillaris (Cuvier 1830) - Kathala croaker Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pseudosciaena axillaris; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Johnius axillaris, Relyea (1981) as Pseudosciaena axillaris and Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to India and Sri Lanka. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Nibea maculata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Blotched croaker (Moshkoo lakkehdar, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Johnius maculatus; subsequently reported by Khalaf (1961) as Johnius maculatus, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Johnius maculatus, Relyea (1981) as Johnius maculatus, Nasir (2000) and Nasir & Khalid (2013) as Johnius maculates. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Vietnam. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Remark Johnius maculatus Bloch & Schneider, 1801, Otolithes maculate (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) and Sciaena maculate (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) are synonym. Pennahia anea (Bloch, 1793) - Donkey croaker (Shebheshoorideh chashmdorosht, Persian; Eshmahy, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pseudosciaena aneus; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Pseudosciaena aneus, Menon (1960) as Pseudosciaena aneus, Khalaf (1961) as Pseudosciaena aneus, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Johnius aneus and J. argentatus (non Houttuyn 1782), Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Johnius aneus, Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Johnius argentatus (non Houttuyn 1782), Relyea (1981) as Johnius aeneus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Pennahia macrophthalmus and Otolithes cuvieri Trewavas 1974 - Cuvier's croaker Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian Gulf, based on SMNS 14410 (2) from Iraq. Distribution: northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Oman east ti western India and Sri Lanka. 102 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Johnius aneus, Abou-Seedo (1992) as Johnius anius, IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to southern China. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BRC 164 (1), SMNS 14419 (1), UMPT 13 (2), UMPT 14 (8), UMPT 16 (2), UMPT 17 (9), UMPT 20 (8). Remark: Pennahia macrophthalmus (Bleeker, 1849) is a junior synonym. Family Scombridae Remarks: A Persian Gulf record of Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus 1758) by Haseli et al. (2010) needs verification. Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier 1832) - Wahoo Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Almost circumglobal in tropical through warm temperate seas. IUCN: Least concern (LC). Protonibea diacanthus (Lacepède, 1802) Blackspotted croaker (Mish-mahi-e-manghoot, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pseudosciaena diacanthus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Johnius diacanthus, Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Johnius diacanthus, Relyea (1981) as Pseudosciaena diacanthus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988) as Protoniba alicanthus, Hussain et al. (1994) as Protonebea diacanthus, Randall (1995a) as Protonibea diacantha, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Protonibea diacantha, Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003) as Protonibea diacantha, Valinassab et al. (2006) and Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to South China Sea, south to Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BRC 162 (1), BRC 163 (2). Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810) - Bullet tuna Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Collette & Nauen (1983); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm emperate seas, except for East Pacific. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Auxis thazard (Lacepède, 1800) - Frigate tuna (Batch-e-zardeh, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969); subsequently reported by Collette & Nauen (1983), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Jawad (2016b, 2017). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm emperate seas, except for East Pacific. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) - Kawakawa Umbrina ronchus Valenciennes, 1843 - Fusca drum (Zardeh, Persian; Cedah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972); subsequently reported by Basson et al. (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Jawad (2016b, 2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Panama (eastern Pacific), north to Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Trewavas in Kuronuma & Abe (1986); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Southwestern Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: southern Portugal south to Angola, including Canary and Cape Verde islands; western Indian Ocean: South Africa to Oman and Persian Gulf. 103 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 southern Japan, Ogasawara and Hawaiian islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remarks: Highly migratory species, Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (FAO, Fisheries Department 1994). Striped bonito Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Valinassab et al. (2006) as Thenus orientalis. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Revillagigedo Archipelago and Panama (eastern Pacific), north to southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands and Hawaiian Islands. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) - Skipjack tuna (Havoor-e-masghati, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Euthynnus pelamis. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remarks: Highly migratory species, Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (FAO, Fisheries Department 1994). Scomber australasicus Cuvier, 1832 - Blue mackerel Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian Gulf; previously reported by Collette & Nauen (1983) as Scomber japonicus (non Houttuyn 1782) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Scomber japonicus (non Houttuyn 1782). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Hawaiian Islands, north to Japan and Kuril Islands, south to Australia and New Zealand; Socorro Island off Mexico (eastern Pacific). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) - Indian mackerel (Talal, Persian; Bangalla, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Scomber microlepidotus; subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Scomber microlepidotus, Khalaf (1961) as Scomber kanagurta, Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Collette & Nauen (1983), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006), Dehghani (2014), Jawad (2016b, 2017), Naji et al. (2016) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to northwestern Australia and New Caledonia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 06 (1), UMPT 07 (3), USNM 270461 (4). Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède, 1800) Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Shir-mahi, Persian; Chaniedah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Menon (1960) as Scomberomorus commersoni; subsequently reported by Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Cybium commersoni, Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Scomberomurus commersoni, Basson et al. (1981) as Scomberomorus commersoni, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Collette & Nauen (1983), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006), Jabado et al. (2013), Nasir & Khalid (2013), Dehghani (2014), Fakhri et al. (2015) and Eighani et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Palau and Fiji, north to Korea and southern Japan, south to New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island; Sarda orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) 104 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 19 (1), USNM 226509 (1). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Remarks: Highly migratory species, Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (FAO, Fisheries Department 1994). Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - Indo-Pacific king mackerel (Ghobad, Qobad and Sheer, Persian; Khubbat, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Cybium guttatum; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Cybium guttatum, Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Indocybium guttatum, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Collette & Nauen (1983), AbouSeedo (1992) as Scomberoides guttatus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006), Nasir & Khalid (2013) as Scomberomorus argenteus and S. gattatus, Dehghani (2014) and Jawad & Ibrahim (2018a). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to southern Japan. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 13 (1), UMPT 14 (1). Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker, 1851) - Longtail tuna (Havoor, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Kishinoella tonggol; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Naji et al. (2016). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Family Serranidae Remarks. A record of Tosana niwae (Smith & Pope 1906) from Bahrain by Al-Baharna (1986) is probably erroneous. Aethaloperca rogaa (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) - Redmouth grouper (Hamoor-e-siah, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981) as Cephalopholis rogaa; subsequently reported by Sivasubramaniam & Aethaloperca rogga, Ibrahim (1982a) as Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Cephalopholis rogaa, Randall & Heemstra (1991a), Krupp & Müller (1994) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific, East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Réunion (western Mascarenes, there now extinct) east to Marshall Islands, Fiji and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to northwestern Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke (2008). Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterra, 1788) - Yellowfin tuna (Balang kuni, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Bishop (2003) and Dehghani (2014) as Thunnus albacores. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Remarks: Highly migratory species, Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (FAO, Fisheries Department1994). Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839) - Bigeye tuna Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986). 105 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Anyperodon leucogrammicus Valenciennes 1828 - by Smith & Saleh (1987); previously reported by Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Cephalopholis miniatus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Basson et al. (1981) as Cephalopholis miniatus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Relyea (1981) as Cephalopholis miniatus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Cephalopholis miniatus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775); subsequently reported by Randall & Heemstra (1991a), Heemstra & Randall (1993), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Bertoncini et al. in Craig et al. (2011) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Oman and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1932.2.18.7 (1), BPBM 21270 (2), BPBM 29417 (5), BRC 154 (1), USNM 147945 (2). Slender grouper Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Choat et al. in Craig et al. (2011). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands, Phoenix Islands and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Least Concern (LC) Cephalopholis argus Schneider, 1801 - Peacock hind Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Epinephelus argus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific, East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll, Hawaiian Islands, northern Line Islands and Pitcairn Group and French Polynesia, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island; introduced to Hawaiian Islands. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 386072 (1). Cephalopholis miniata (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) Coral hind Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b) as Cephalopholis miniatus; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Cephalopholis miniatus. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to the Line Islands, Fiji and Tonga, north to Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Cephalopholis boenak (Bloch 1790) - Chocolate hind Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Dehghani (2014); subsequently treported by Tavakoli-Kolour et al. (2015) as Cephalopholis formosus (non Shaw 1812). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to Shanghai (China) and Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Cephalopholis Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) Areolate grouper (Gataw, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b), Hussain et al. (1988), Randall & Heemstra (1991a), Heemstra & Randall (1993), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter hemistiktos (Rüppell, 1830) Yellowfin hind (Saman-e-ajori, Persian; Shenainow, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf 106 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Cornish et al. in Craig et al. (2011), Jawad & Ibrahim (2018b) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Fiji, Tonga and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: ANSP 162139 (2), BMNH 1903.5.14.1 (1), BPBM 29427 (1), BPBM 30579 (1), USNM 430922 (1). Remarks: Often confused with Epinephelus chlorostigma. Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147875 (1). Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus (Blotch, 1790) - grouper (Hamoor-e-khal-naranji, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall & Heemstra (1991a); subsequently reported by Heemstra & Randall (1993), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Valinassab et al. (2006), Carpenter et al. in Craig et al. (2011) and Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to Taiwan, south to Northern Territory (Australia). IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 29532 (1), USNM 272109 (2). Whitespotted grouper Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981) as Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus and E. summana (non Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus, Smith & Saleh (1987) as Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus, Randall & Heemstra (1991a) as Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus, Krupp & Müller (1994) as Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus, Randall (1995a) as Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus, Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) as Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus, Bishop (2003) as Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus, Fennessy et al. in Craig et al. (2011) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands, Fiji and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, northern New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33134 (3), BPBM 33296 (1). Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes, 1828) - Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) - Orange- Brownspotted grouper (Hamoor-e-manghoot-eghahvahei, Persian; Gataw, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905); subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981) and Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marshall, Tonga and Line islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and New spotted grouper (Hamoor maamooli, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall & Heemstra (1991a); previously reported by Basson et al. (1981) as Epinephelus tauvina (non Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775), Smith & Saleh (1987) as Epinephelus malabaricus (non Bloch & Schneider 1801); subsequently reported by Heemstra & Randall (1993), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997 a, 1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006), Cornish et al. in Craig et al. (2011), Taher et al. (2012) as Epinephelus malabaricus (non Bloch & Epinephelus bleekeri (Vaillant, 1878) - Duskytail 107 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Schneider 1801), Nasir & Khalid (2013), Dehghani (2014) as Epinephelus coioides and E. malabaricus (non Bloch & Schneider 1801) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Fiji, north to southern Japan and Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 21299 (3), BPBM 21305 (1), BPBM 21318 (1), BPBM 29510 (5), SMF 10326 (1). Remarks: Frequently misidentified as Epinephelus tauvina or Epinephelus malabaricus (Randall et al. 1997). Persian Gulf material: SMF 28598 (1). Remark. Sometimes misidentified as Epinephelus magniscuttis or Epinephelus heniochus. Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802) - Blue and yellow grouper Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf, Gulf of Aden, East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Andaman Islands, western Thailand, Malay Peninsula and Sumatra (Indonesia). IUCN: Least concern (LC). Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) - Brown-marbled grouper Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) and Nasir (2000). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Samoa and Phoenix islands, north to Japan, south to Queensland, Australia. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Epinephelus diacanthus (Valenciennes, 1828) Spinycheek grouper (Hamoor-e-panj-navari, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Nader & Jawdat (1977); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) and Valinassab et al. (2006). Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Sri Lanka and southeastern India. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Persian Gulf material: BRC 152 (1), BRC 153 (1). Epinephelus latifasciatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) - Striped grouper (Hamoor-e-khaki, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Epinephelus grammicus; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Heemstra & Randall (1993), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Heemstra & Russell in Craig et al. (2011). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to South China Sea, north to Japan, south to northwestern Australia. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Epinephelus epistictus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) - Dotted grouper (Hamoor-e-khat-shekasteh, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b); subsequently reported by Krupp et al. (2000), Al-Mukhtar et al. (2011), Pollard & To in Craig et al. (2011) and Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Korea, southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northwestern Australia. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Epinephelus merra Bloch 1793 - Honeycomb grouper Status in Persian Gulf: Reported from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Epinephelus merrah. 108 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Epinephelus stoliczkae (Day, 1875) - Epaulet Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa. IUCN: Least concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14407 (1). grouper (Hamoor-e-lakkeh-zeytooni-e-manghoot, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi (1950) as Serranus stolickzae; subsequently reported by Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961) and Mahdi & Georg (1969). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Epinephelus multinotatus (Peters, 1876) - Whiteblotched grouper Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall & Heemstra (1991a); previously reported by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Epinephelus jayakari (non Boulenger 1889); subsequently reported by Heemstra & Randall (1993), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Bishop (2003) and Choat et al. in Craig et al. (2011). Distribution: Indian Ocean: East Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes north to Persian Gulf and east to India; northern Territory (Australia) south to Shark Bay (Western Australia). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1975.4.5.11 (1), BPBM 21212 (1), BPBM 29516 (2), BPBM 30338 (1), BPBM 30339 (1), BPBM 33124 (1), BPBM 33336 (3), USNM 148013 (2), USNM 270882 (1). Epinephelus tauvina (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) - Greasy grouper (Hamoor, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905); subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944), Mahdi (1950), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b), Abu-Hakima (1987), Hussain et al. (1988), Lee & Al-Baz (1989), Abou-Seedo (1992), Nasir (2000), Haseli et al. (2010) and Jawad & Ibrahim (2018a). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes Islands east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island and Rapa. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 07 (1), UMPT 09 (1). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke (2008). Epinephelus polylepis Randall & Heemstra, 1991 Smallscaled grouper Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Randall & Heemstra (1991a); subsequently reported by Heemstra & Randall (1993), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Bertoncini et al. in Craig et al. (2011). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to western India. IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30580 (holotype), ZMUC P.43670 (1 paratype). Hyporthodus octofasciatus (Griffin, 1926) - Eightbar grouper Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Heemstra & Randall (1993) as Epinephelus octofasciatus; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Epinephelus octofasciatus and Pollard & To in Craig et al. (2011). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf, Gulf of Aden and South Africa, Madagascar and western 109 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Mascarenes east to Marquesas Islands, north to Japan, south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), New Caledonia, northern New Zealand, Kermadec Islands and Tonga. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Siganus oramin; previously reported as Teuthis nebulosa (non Quoy & Gaimard 1825) by Regan (1905); subsequently reported by Basson et al. (1981) as Siganus oramin, Relyea (1981) as Siganus oramin, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Siganus oramin and S. canaliculatus, Smith & Saleh (1987), Hussain et al. (1988), Woodland (1990), Krupp (1991), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Siganus oramin, Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Nasir (2000) as Siganus oramin, Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012), Jawad & Ibrahim (2014, 2018a), Jawad (2017), Torquato et al. (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Palau, Yap and Papua New Guinea, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: AMS I.22415-001 (4), AMS I.22668-001 (3), SMNS 14403 (1), UMPT 06 (1), UMPT 08 (1), UMPT 09 (2), UMPT 12 (2), USNM 267119 (2), USNM 267134 (8). Remark: Siganus oramin (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) is a junior synonym. Pseudanthias conspicuus (Heemstra, 1973) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Somalia, Oman and Persian Gulf east to western India. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Pseudanthias squamipinnis (Peters 1855) - Sea goldie Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Franzia squamipinnis; subsequently reported by Krupp (1991) and Heemstra & Akhilesh (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar, Aldabra and western Mascarenes east to Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island and Tonga). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: FMNH 2472 (1), UMPT 11 (6). Siganus javus (Linnaeus, 1766) - Streaked spinefoot Pseudanthias townsendi (Boulenger, 1897) - (Safi-e-modjar, Persian; Safy, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a) as Siganus jaavus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Woodland (1990), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Dehghani (2014) and Jawad (2017) as Siganus jarvus. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines and Vanuatu, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: AMS I.22670-001 (2), BPBM 21286 (1), USNM 147986 (7). Townsend's anthias Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Anthias townsendi; subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Heemstra & Akhilesh (2012) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: FMNH 5742 (1), USNM 437213 (7), USNM 437231 (23). Family Siganidae Siganus canaliculatus (Park, 1797) - White-spotted spinefoot (Safy, Arabic, Kuwait) 110 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Siganus luridus (Rüppell, 1829) - Dusky spinefoot 1098 (1 paratype); QM I.22669-75 (25, 1, 11, 13, 6, 1, 4 paratypes); SAIAB 26877 (1 paratype); USNM 288497 (1 paratype). Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Teuthis siganus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Siganus siganus, Woodland (1990), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa and Persian Gulf to Comores and Madagascar, Réunion and Mauritius (western Mascarenes); Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: AMS I.2267-001 (1), BPBM 33950 (2), BPBM 33951 (1). Sillago attenuata McKay, 1985 - Slender sillago Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by McKay (1985); subsequently reported by McKay & McCarthy (1989), McKay (1992), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147959 (holotype), USNM 146598 (1 paratype); USNM 147835 (13 paratypes), USNM 207449 (3 paratypes), WAM P.491 (2 paratypes). Siganus rivulatus Forsskål & Niebuhr in Niebuhr 1775 - Marbled spinefoot Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Niebuhr in Forsskål (1775; see Fricke 2008) as Siganus rivulatus, Scarus siganus and Scarus sidjan; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa to Persian Gulf; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147988 (7), USNM 147989 (2), USNM 147990 (1), USNM 147991 (2), USNM 147992 (1), USNM 147993 (3), USNM 148025 (2), USNM 196495 (2), USNM 196496 (1), USNM 196497 (2). Sillago sihama (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) - Silver sillago (Shoort, Persian; Hasoom, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Bolster (1948) as Sillago shiams, Mahdi (1950), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985), McKay (1985), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), McKay & McCarthy (1989), Abou-Seedo (1992), McKay (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Jawad & Sabighzadeh (2012), Taher et al. (2012), Dehghani (2014) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Southern Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to Korea and southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) at 21°09'S and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1887.2.2.226 (1), Family Sillaginidae Sillago arabica McKay & McCarthy, 1989 - Arabian sillago Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by McKay & McCarthy (1989); subsequently reported by McKay (1992), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: QM I.21763 (holotype), AMNH 48676 (1 paratype); BMNH 1987.6.30.6 (1 paratype); BPBM 31806 (1 paratype); MNHN 1987111 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 SMNS 9976 (3), SMNS 14417 (1). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke (2008). Persian Gulf material: MUFS 33840 (holotype), BPBM 21474 (2), BPBM 36100 (1), BRC 165 (1), MTUF-P 20417 (1), MTUF-P 27224 (1), MUFS 19109 (1 paratype), MUFS 19123-19124 (2 paratypes), MUFS 19568 (1 paratype), MUFS 25800-25805 (6 paratypes), MUFS 27226 (1 paratype), MUFS 33839 (1 paratype), SMNS 14409 (1), UMPT 13 (1), USNM 147850 (3), USNM 147851 (82), USNM 147852 (10), USNM 147853 (59). Family Sparidae Acanthopagrus arabicus Iwatsuki, 2013 - Arabian yellowfin seabream (Shaanak and Shanak-ezardbaleh, Persian; Sheim, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Iwatsuki (2013); also reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Sparus datnia (non Hamilton 1822), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Sparus datnia (non Hamilton 1822) and Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Relyea (1981) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) as Mylio latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Hussain et al. (1988) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Lee & Al-Baz (1989) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Al-Hassan (1990) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Hussain et al. (1994, 2001) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Randall (1995a) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Nasir (2000) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Bishop (2003) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Valinassab et al. (2006) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Taher et al. (2012) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Nasir & Khalid (2013) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Dehghani (2014) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Vahabnezhad et al. (2017) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782); subsequently reported by Esmaeili et al. (2014) and Doustdar et al. (2017). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Oman and Persian Gulf east to western India. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Acanthopagrus berda (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) - Goldsilk seabream (Mozaizy, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Bolster (1948); subsequently reported from Persian Gulf by Mahdi (1950) as Sparus berda, Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Mylio berda, Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985), Smith & Saleh (1987), Hussain et al. (1988) as Acanthopagrud berda, Abou-Seedo (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Malaysia and near Singapore. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14394 (8). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke (2008). Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) - Twobar seabream (Fasker, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Sparus bifasciatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Sparus bifasciatus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b) as Mylio bifasciatus, Etessami (1983), Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), 112 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Argyrops filamentosus (Valenciennes, 1830) - Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006), Taher et al. (2012), Torquato et al. (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman and Iran to Pakistan. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 111436 (1), USNM 147854 (33), USNM 196471 (1), USNM 266730 (1), USNM 393606 (1). Soldierbream Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972); subsequently reported by Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East and South Africa and Persian Gulf to Madagascar and western Mascarenes (Réunion, Mauritius). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14396 (1), USNM 226507 (1). Acanthopagrus catenula (Lacepède, 1801) - Bridled seabream Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Al-Badri & Jawad (2014). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Oman to South Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius and Rodriguez. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Argyrops spinifer (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) - King soldier bream (Kupar, Persian; Andag, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Pagrus spinifer; subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Sparus spinifer, Mahdi (1950) as Sparus spinifer, Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006), Ghanbarzadeh et al. (2014, 1027), Jawad & Ibrahim (2017b, 2018a, c) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Indonesia, north to South China Sea, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 11 (8), UMPT 13 (3), UMPT 15 (3), UMPT 18 (1), UMPT 19 (15), UMPT 20 (10), USNM 196466 (1), USNM 267078 (1), USNM 267106 (2), USNM 267124 (2), USNM 267139 (1). Acanthopagrus randalli Iwatsuki & Carpenter, 2009 - Randall's Black Seabream Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Iwatsuki & Carpenter (2009). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33135 (holotype); MTUF-P 27226 (1 paratype). Acanthopagrus sheim Iwatsuki 2013 - Sheim Seabream Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Iwatsuki (2013). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Oman east to western India. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Persian Gulf material: MUFS 33838 (holotype), AMS B.8280 (1), BPBM 29452 (2), BPBM 33424 (5), FAKU 268-273 (6), FAKU 849 (1), FAKU 871 (1), MTUF 20419 (1), MUFS 33852-33854 (3 paratypes). Cheimerius nufar (Valencienes, 1830) - Santer seabream (Nahash, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972); subsequently reported 113 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 by Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Dentex nufar, Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (Réunion, Mauritius) east to Pakistan. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2014.5.27.1 (1), SMNS 14411 (1). in original description by Steindachner (1876); subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Sargus noct (non Valenciennes 1830), Khalaf (1961) as Diplodus sargus (non Linnaeus 1758), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Diplodus sargus (non Linnaeus 1758) and D. noct (non Valenciennes 1830), Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Diplodus noct (non Valenciennes 1830), Basson et al. (1981) as Sargus noct (non Valenciennes 1830), Relyea (1981) as Diplodus noct (non Valenciennes 1830), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) as Diplodus kotoschyi, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Diplodus sargus (non Linnaeus 1758) and D. kotscyi, Smith & Saleh (1987) as Diplodus sargus kotschyi, Krupp (1991) as Diplodus sargus (non Linnaeus 1758), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Diplodus sargus (non Linnaeus 1758), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Diplodus sargus kotschyi, Randall (1995a) as Diplodus sargus kotschyi, Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) as Diplodus sargus kotschyi and Bishop (2003) as Diplodus sargus kotschyi. Distribution Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Oman east to India. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2014.5.27.33 (1), SMNS 14426 (1), USNM 147603 (2), USNM 147860 (1), USNM 147861 (38), USNM 147862 (19), USNM 196465 (1), USNM 393567 (1). Remarks. Raised to species level by Fricke et al. (2016). Crenidens indicus Day 1873 - Karanteen seabream (Sim-e-dandan-noma, Persian; Battanah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Iwatsuki & Maclaine (2013); previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Crenidens crenidens (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Crenidens crenidens (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Crenidens crenidens (non Forsskål n Niebuhr 1775), Basson et al. (1981) as Crenidens crenidens (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Relyea (1981) as Crenidens crenidens (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) as Crenidens crenidens (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Crenidens crenidens (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Randall (1995a) as Crenidens crenidens (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Crenidens crenidens (non Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) and Bishop (2003) as Crenidens crenidens (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147857 (3), USNM 147858 (1), USNM 148118 (1), USNM 148120 (20), USNM 267084 (3). Pagellus affinis Boulenger, 1888 - Arabian pandora Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Bauchot & Bauchot (1983); previously reported by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b) as Pagellus sp.; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Pagellus natalensis (non Steindachner 1903) and Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf to Gulf of Aden and Somalia to Pakistan and India. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 11 (1). Diplodus kotschyi (Steindachner, 1876) - One-spot seabream (Mochwah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf 114 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Rhabdosargus haffara (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in belayewi and Zajonz et al. (2002) as Petrus belayewi. Niebuhr 1775) - Haffara seabream Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa and Madagascar to Persian Gulf; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant; Golani 1998). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147855 (39), USNM 147856 (1), USNM 147859 (5), USNM 147864 (4), USNM 147867 (1), USNM 267076 (1), USNM 267128 (7), USNM 393547 (1). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke (2008). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Sparidentex hasta (Valenciennes, 1830) - Sobaity seabream (Sobaity, Persian; Mozaizy, sobaity, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Sparus cuvieri; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Sparus cuvieri, Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Acanthopagrus cuvieri, Basson et al. (1981) as Acanthopagrus cuvieri, Relyea (1981) as Acanthopagrus cuvieri, Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Smith & Saleh (1987), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Acanthopagrus cuvieri, Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Nasir (2000) as Sparus hasta, Bishop (2003) and Dehghani (2014) as Acanthopagrus cuvieri. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to India; introduced to Western Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2014.5.27.41 (1), MNHN 1984-0349 (1), SMNS 14401 (1), USNM 148087 (1). Remark: Acanthopagrus cuvieri (Day, 1875) is a junior synonym. Rhabdosargus sarba (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) - Goldlined seabream Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Rhabdoscarus sarba; subsequently reported by Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Sparus sarba, Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Taher et al. (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 196467 (1), USNM 196468 (2), USNM 267081 (4), USNM 267122 (4). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke (2008). Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 - Gilthead seabream Status in Persian Gulf: Introduced in Persian Gulf. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, eastern Atlantic: British Isles to Senegal, Cape Verde Islands; introduced in Madeira; introduced elsewhere. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Sparidentex belayewi Hora & Misra 1943 Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf of Bolster (1948) as Petrus belayewi; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Petrus belayewi, Khalaf (1961) as Petrus belayewi, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Petrus belayewi, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Petrus Family Sphyraenidae Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771) - Great barracuda Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Smith & Saleh (1987); previously reported by 115 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Basson et al. (1981) as Sphyraena japonica (non Cuvier 1829); subsequently reported by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall et al. (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas, except for eastern Pacific (waifs reaching Galápagos Archipelago). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Abou-Seedo (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012), Dehghani (2014), Naji et al. (2016), Jawad (2017), and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Fiji and Tonga, north to Taiwan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 148083 (1). Sphyraena flavicauda Rüppell, 1838 - Yellowtail barracuda Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Relyea (1981); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles and Madagascar east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 267141 (1). Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829 - Obtuse barracuda (Kotr-e-dahan-zard, Persian; Edwailmy, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Sphyraena obtusus, Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as S. obtusata and S. langsar, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b), Abou-Seedo (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Samoa, north to southern Japan and Korea, south to Lord Howe Islands and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2014.5.27.26-30 (5), USNM 267129 (2), USNM 267135 (19), USNM 267137 (5). Sphyraena forsteri Cuvier, 1829 - Bigeye barracuda (Kotr-e-chashm-dorosht, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b); subsequently reported by Bishop (2003) as Sphyraena fosteri and Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Society and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 267115 (2). Sphyraena pinguis Günther 1874 - Red barracuda Sphyraena jello Cuvier, 1829 - Pickhandle barracuda Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Sphyraena chrysotaenia. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: South Africa and Prsian Gulf east to Australia, north to Japan, Korea and China; introduced into Black Sea. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). (Kotr-e-sadeh, Persian; Edwailmy, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b), 116 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Persian Gulf material: UMPT 07 (1), UMPT 15 (1). Remarks: Sphyraena chrysotaenia Klunzinger 1884 is a junior synonym. Bloch 1795); subsequently reported by Bolster (1948), Mahdi (1950), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Pampus argeneteus, Hussain et al. (1988), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000, 2016), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006), Nasir & Khalid (2013), Dehghani (2014) and Jawad (2014). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Oman east to Philippines and Indonesia, north to Japan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2014.5.27.40 (1), UMPT 13 (1), UMPT 19 (3), UMPT 20 (1). Sphyraena putnamae Jordan & Seale, 1905 Sawtooth barracuda (Kotr-e-mavvaj, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) as Sphyraena putnamiae; subsequently reported by Krupp et al. (2000) as Sphyraena putnamiae, Bishop (2003) as Sphyraena putnamiae, Taher et al. (2012) as Sphyraena pulnamiae, Jawad (2017), Torquato et al. (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Madagascar east to Fiji and Tuvalu, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMF 28597 (1). Remarks: Sphyraena bleekeri Williams 12959 is a junior synonym. Pampus chinensis (Euphrasen, 1788) - Chinese silver pomfret Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Misra (1947) as Chondroplites chinensis; subsequently reported by Bolster (1948) as Chondreplites chinensis, Mahdi (1950) as Chondroplites chinensis, Khalaf (1961) as Chondroplites chinensis, Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) and Coad (2010). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philipines and eastern Indonesia, north to southern Japan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Sphyraena qenie Klunzinger, 1870 - Blackfin barracuda Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997a, b); subsequently reported by Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Mexico and Ecuador (eastern Pacific), Tuamotu Archipelago and Marquesas Islands, north to Hawaiian Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga, New Zealand and Rapa. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Terapontidae Pelates quadrilineatus (Bloch, 1790) - Fourlined terapon (Yalli-e-chahar-khat, Persian; Yemyam, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Helotes sexlineatus (non Quoy & Gaimard 1835) and P. quadrolineatus, Basson et al. (1981) as Helotes sexlineatus (non Quoy & Gaimard 1835), Relyea (1981) as Helotes sexlineatus (non Quoy & Gaimard 1835) and P. quadrilineatus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Abou-Seedo (1992), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002), Family Stromateidae Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788) - Silver pomfret (Halva sefid, Persian; Zobaidy, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Misra (1947); previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Stromateus cinereus (non 117 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Bishop (2003) and Taher et al. (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Philippines, New Guinea and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and southeastern Queensland (Australia); Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14414 (1), UMPT 06 (38), UMPT 07 (28), UMPT 08 (1), UMPT 10 (3), USNM 147871 (26), USNM 148110 (1), USNM 148116 (1), USNM 266123 (16). Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines, south to Western Australia and Queensland (Australia); Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14423 (1), UMPT 06 (7), UMPT 07 (1), UMPT 15 (22), USNM 147870 (21). Terapon theraps Cuvier, 1829 - Largescaled terapon (Theeb, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Therapon theraps, Menon (1960) as Therapon theraps, Khalaf (1961) as Therapon theraps, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Eutherapon theraps, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea and Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and Rotuma, south to Western Australia and Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia, north to Ryukyu Islands and southern Japan; Mediterranean Sea (immigrant through Suez Canal). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 06 (6), UMPT 07 (1), UMPT 13 (1), UMPT 15 (3), UMPT 19 (4), USNM 147825 (1). Terapon jarbua (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr, 1775) - Jarbua terapon (Yalli-e-khatkamani, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Therapon jarbua, Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012) and Morandinasab et al. (2014). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (now extinct in Réunion) east to Palau, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia); Mediterranean Sea (immigrant through Suez Canal). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: SU 68598 (6), USNM 147601 (2), USNM 147836 (1), USNM 147868 (7), USNM 147869 (3), USNM 148109 (3). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke (2008). Family Trichiuridae Terapon puta Cuvier, 1829- Small-scaled terapon Eupleurogrammus glossodon (Bleeker, 1860) - (Zamrool, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Autisthes puta, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Hussain et al. (1988), Abou-Seedo (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Longtooth hairtail Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Eupleurogrammus intermedius; subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and 118 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Oman east to Indonesia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14405 (1), UMPT 11 (2), UMPT 16 (1), UMPT 17 (4). Remarks: Trichiurus intermedius Gray 1831 is a junior synonym. Family Trichonotidae Trichonotus arabicus Randall & Tarr, 1994 - Arabian sand diver Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf in original description by Randall & Tarr (1994); previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Trichonotus setigerus (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Trichonotus setiger (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Trichonotus setigerus (non Bloch &Schneider 1801), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Trichonotus sp.; subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Katayama & Endo (2010) and Katayama et al. (2012). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf to southern Oman. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 35746 (holotype), BMNH 1993.10.7.1 (6 paratypes), BPBM 33115 (1 paratype), BPBM 33142 (1 paratype), BPBM 33146 (1 paratype), BPBM 33236 (1 paratype), CAS 80524 (1 paratype), SAIAB 42715 (2 paratypes), SMF 26994 (2 paratypes), SNMNH F50 (2 paratypes), USNM 326971 (1 paratype), ZMUC P.6234 (1 paratype). Eupleurogrammus muticus (Gray, 1831) - Smallhead hairtail Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Trichiurus muticus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Trichurus muticus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Trichiurus muticus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003), Eighani et al. (2013), Dehghani (2014) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Oman east to Indonesia, north to Korea. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 07 (2). Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758 - Largehead hairtail (Yaal-asbi-e-sar-bozorg, Persian; Ea'sabah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Menon (1960) as Trichiurus haumela; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Trichiurus haumela, Khalaf (1961) as Trichiurus haumela, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Trichurus haumela, Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Trichiurus haumela, Relyea (1981) as Trichiurus haumela, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006), Nasir & Khalid (2013) as Triehiurus lepturus, Dehghani (2014) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 07 (1), UMPT 11 (1), UMPT 15 (2), UMPT 16 (2). Family Tripterygiidae Enneapterygius pusillus Rüppell, 1835 - Highcrest triplefin Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Wright (1988); subsequently reported by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995c), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Holleman (2005) and Jawad et al. (2010). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to southern India. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 35412 (2). Enneapterygius ventermaculus Holleman, 1982 Blotched triplefin Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by 119 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Southern Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Pakistan. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30458 (holotype), AMNH 97301 (1 paratype), AMS I.34236-001 (1 paratype), BMNH 1993.9.25.1 (1 paratype), BPBM 33308 (2 paratypes), BPBM 33353 (3 paratypes), USNM 326758 (1 paratype). Helcogramma steinitzi Clark, 1980 - Red triplefin Order PLEURONECTIFORMES Family Bothidae Arnoglossus aspilos (Bleeker, 1851) - Spotless lefteye flounder Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Fricke et al. (2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south to Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 06 (1), UMPT 10 (1), UMPT 11 (2), UMPT 13 (12), UMPT 15 (2), UMPT 16 (5), UMPT 18 (16), UMPT 19 (4), UMPT 20 (1). Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995c); previously reported by Krupp & Müller (1994) as Helcogramma sp.; subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30920 (4). BPBM 33295 (1). Family Uranoscopidae Uranoscopus dollfusi Brüss, 1987 - Dollfus' stargazer (Oranoos-mahi, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Uranoscopus guttatus (non Cuvier 1829), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Uranoscopus guttatus (non Cuvier 1829), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Uranoscopus guttatus (non Cuvier 1829); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Arnoglossus macrolophus Alcock 1889 - Drab flounder Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Fricke et al. (2017); previously reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Arnoglossus tapeinosoma (non Bleeker 1865), Randall (1995a) as Arnoglossus tapeinosoma (non Bleeker 1865) and Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Arnoglossus tapeinosoma (non Bleeker 1865). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Xenisthmidae Xenisthmus balius Gill & Randall, 1994 - Freckled wriggler Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Gill & Randall (1994); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Bothus pantherinus (Rüppell, 1830) - Leopard flounder (Khofaah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Pseudorhombus pantherinus; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & 120 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Jawad & Al-Badri (2015) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas Islands and Society Islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (4), UMPT 12 (4), USNM 375632 (1). Engyprosopon Philipines and Indonesia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Laeops parviceps Günther 1880 - Smallheaded flounder Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian Gulf based on USNM 362501 (1) from off Bahrain (specimen identified by K. Amaoka). Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic Ocean; IndoWest Pacific: Persian Gulf; Vietnam east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 362501 (1). grandisquama (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) - Largescale flounder Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Pwersian Gulf east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 10 (8). Family Citharidae Brachypleura novaezeelandiae Günther, 1862 Yellow-dabbled flounder Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986); subsequently reported by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern China, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 11 (30). Grammatobothus polyophthalmus (Bleeker, 1865) Threespot flounder Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (8). Family Cynoglossidae Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Largescale tonguesole (Zabangavi-e-doroshtpoolak, Persian; Lessan-althor, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Menon (1977); previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Cynoglossus macrolepidotus (non Bleeker 1851), Bolster (1948) as Cynoglossus lingva (non Hamilton 1822), Khalaf (1961) as Cynoglossus lingua (non Hamilton 1822), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Cynoglossus macrolepidotus (non Bleeker 1851), Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Cynoglossus macrolepidotus (non Bleeker 1851), Relyea (1981), Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985) as Cynoglossus macrolepidotus (non Bleeker 1851) and Laeops guentheri Alcock, 1890 - Günther's flounder Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981) as Laeops guntheri, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to 121 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 C. arel; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (non Regan 1908), Khalaf (1961) as Cynoglossus sealarki (non Regan 1908), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Cynoglossus sealarki (non Regan 1908); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) as Cynoglossus kopsi, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Cynoglossus kopsi, Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (10), UMPT 11 (1), UMPT 13 (7), UMPT 14 (1), UMPT 19 (13), UMPT 20 (12), ZMUC uncat. (1), ZSI uncat. (1). (1986), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003), Ali et al. (2014b), Dehghani (2014), Ghaffari et al. (2015) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Indonesia, north to southern Japan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1911.2.23.58-67 (10), UMPT 13 (1), UMPT 14 (1), UMPT 15 (1), UMPT 16 (8), UMPT 17 (3), UMPT 18 (3), UMPT 19 (7). Cynoglossus bilineatus (Lacepède, 1802) - Fourlined tonguesole (Zabangavi-e-chaharkhat, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Pouladi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 25208 (4). Cynoglossus puncticeps (Richardson, 1846) Speckled tonguesole Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Pesian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to South China Sea, south to northwestern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Cynoglossus carpenteri Alcock, 1889 - Hooked Paraplagusia bilineata (Bloch 1787) - Doublelined tonguesole Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Menon (1977); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Cynoglossus carpentieri and Bishop (2003) as Cynoglossus carpentieri. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to India. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1903.7.8.24-26 (3). tonguesole Status in Persian Gulf: Reported from Persian Gulf by Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Paralichthyidae Pseudorhombus arsius (Hamilton, 1822) - Largetooth flounder (Khofaah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905); subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944), Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961), Cynoglossus kopsii (Bleeker, 1851) - Shortheaded tonguesole Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Menon (1977) as Cynoglossus kopsi; previously reported by Menon (1960) as Cynoglossus sealarki 122 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Hussain et al. (1988), Abou-Seedo (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003) and Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Marshall Islands and Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14413 (1), UMPT 05 (3), UMPT 10 (4), UMPT 11 (1), UMPT 16 (3), UMPT 19 (1), UMPT 20 (3), USNM 375485 (1). by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Psettodidae Psettodes erumei (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - Indian halibut (Kafshak-e-tiz-dandan, Persian; Khofaah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905); subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944), Mahdi (1950) as Psettodes eromei, Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Hussain et al. (1988), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006), Hosseini et al. (2013) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to Perth (Western Australia) and Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (1). Pseudorhombus elevatus Ogilby, 1912 - Deep flounder (Kafshak-e-por-lakkeh, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Hosseini et al. (2013) and Pouladi et al. (2018). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (1). Family Soleidae Aesopia cornuta Kaup, 1858 - Unicorn sole Pseudorhombus javanicus (Bleeker, 1853) - Javan Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1972); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) and Haseli et al. (2010). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Indonesia, north to southern Japan, south to northern Western Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 267112 (1). flounder Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to New Guinea, north to southern China. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Brachirus orientalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Pseudorhombus malayanus Bleeker, 1865 - Malayan Oriental sole (Kafshak-e-gerd, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently flounder Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf 123 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 reported by Misra (1947) as Synaptura orientalis, Bolster (1948), Mahdi (1950), Khalaf (1961) as Synaptura orientalis, Mahdi & Georg (1969), Basson et al. (1981) as Euryglossa orientalis, Relyea (1981) as Synaptura orientalis, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Synaptura orientalis, Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985) as Synaptura orientalis, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Synaptura orientalis, Hussain et al. (1988) as Euryglossa orientalis, Abou-Seedo (1992) as Synaptura orientalis, Hussain et al. (1994) as Euryglossus orientalis, Randall (1995a) as Euryglossa orientalis, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Euryglossa orientalis, Nasir (2000) as Euryglossa orientalis, Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003) as Euryglossa orientalis as Euryglossa orientalis, Hosseini et al. (2013), Nasir & Khalid (2013) as Synoptura orientalis, Dehghani (2014) as Euryglossa orientalis, Jawad & Ibrahim (2017b, 2018c) as Euryglossa orientalis) and Ziyadi et al. (2018) as Euryglossus orientalis. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14421 (1), SMNS 14429 (1), USNM 148018 (1), USNM 148093 (1). & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Randall & Johnson (2007) and Taher et al. (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Sri Lanka. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 29534 (3), UMPT 06 (1), UMPT 09 (1). Dagetichthys commersonnii (Lacepède, 1802) - Solea stanalandi Randall & McCarthy, 1989 - Commerson's sole Status in Persian Gulf: Reported from Persian Gulf by Bishop (2003) as Synaptura commersonniana. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Seychelles, Mauritius (Mascarenes) and Persian Gulf east to Indonesia, north to Taiwan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Stanaland's sole Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Randall & McCarthy (1989); previously reported by Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Solea heinii (non Steindachner 1903), Relyea (1981) as Solea heinii (non Steindachner 1903); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 32806 (holotype), BRC 169 (1), BRC 170 (1), USNM 196475 (7), USNM 300936 (1 paratype). Solea elongata Day, 1877 - Elongate sole (Kafshake-riz, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), AbouSeedo (1992), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003), Dehghani (2014) as Solea elongate and Pouladi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to Sri Lanka and western Bay of Bengal, India. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 14 (2), UMPT 15 (2), UMPT 16 (1), UMPT 17 (1), UMPT 18 (28), UMPT 19 (17). Pardachirus marmoratus (Lacepède, 1802) - Finless sole (Mezlak, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Krupp 124 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Zebrias captivus Randall, 1995 - Convict zebra sole Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and Papua (Indonesia), north to Bonin (Ogasawara Islands), south to Western Australia and New South Wales (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 07 (1), UMPT 11 (1), UMPT 12 (1), UMPT 19 (1). Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Randall (1995b); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 29478 (holotype), USNM 334423 (1 paratype). Family Dactylopteridae Dactyloptena gilberti Snyder, 1909 Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Eschmeyer (1997). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Somalia, Oman and Persian Gulf east to Gulf of Thailand, north to southern Japan. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 21179 (1); USNM 267094 (1). Zebrias quagga (Kaup, 1858) - Fringefin zebra sole Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar, Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to southern China, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 20 (1). Dactyloptena orientalis (Cuvier, 1829) - Oriental Zebrias synapturoides (Jenkins, 1910) - Indian zebra flying gurnard Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Mahdi (1950) as Dactylopterus orientalis; subsequently reported by Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: South and East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Zealand, New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). sole Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Oman east to Papua New Guinea. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 19 (1), UMPT 20 (2). Order SCORPAENIFORMES Family Apistidae Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Ocellated waspfish (Zanboor-mahi-e-khal-chashmi, Persian; Eshnainow, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2013). Family Platycephalidae Cociella crocodilus (Cuvier, 1829) - Crocodile flathead Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Dehghani (2014) as Cociella crocodile. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and 125 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 South Africa and Persian Gulf east to Solomon Islands, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). (1) from Saudi Arabia and USNM 327195 (2), USNM 404967 (1) from Kuwait. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persisn Gulf east to western India. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 196483 (1), USNM 196484 (1), USNM 327195 (2), USNM 404967 (1). Grammoplites scaber (Linnaeus, 1758) - Rough flathead Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Khalaf (1961) as Platycephalus scaber; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Oman and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to Taiwan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14416 (1), UMPT 13 (5), UMPT 14 (1), UMPT 15 (4), UMPT 16 (17), UMPT 17 (13), UMPT 18 (2), UMT 19 (27), UMPT 20 (16). Kumococius rodericensis (Cuvier, 1829) - Spiny flathead Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Repotrudis rodericensis and Kumococius detrusus; subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf and western Mascarenes east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 11 (2), UMPT 14 (3). Remarks: Insidiator detrusus Jordan & Seale 1905 is a junior synonym. Grammoplites suppositus (Troschel, 1840) - Spotfin flathead (Zaminkan-e-khalbaleh, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Platycephalus maculipinna; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Platycephalus maculipinna, Relyea (1981) as Platycephalus maculipinna, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Platycephalus maculipinna, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Platycephalus maculipinna, Abou-Seedo (1992) as Platycephalus maculipinna, Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Valinassab et al. (2006) and Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Indian Ocean: Somalia and Persian Gulf east to Sri Lanka. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Remarks: Platycephalus maculipinna Regan 1905 is a junior synonym. Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Bartail flathead (Zaminkan-e-dom-navari, Persian; Ewharah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Bolster (1948) as Platicefalus indicus; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Thysanophrys indicus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), AbouSeedo (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006), Taher et al. (2012), Nasir & Khalid (2013), Dehghani (2014), Mousavi-Sabet et al. (2015), Moravec et al. (2016) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to Grammoplites vittatus Valenciennes 1833 - Striped flathead Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian Gulf, based on USNM 196483 (1), USNM 196484 126 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf northwestern Australia and New South Wales (Australia); Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14391 (1), USNM 147597 (2), USNM 148078 (10), USNM 148079 (2), USNM 148080 (4). Africa, Persian Gulf and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Pakistan; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Thysanophrys celebica (Bleeker, 1855) - Celebes flathead Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall et al. (1994) as Thyanophrys celebicus; subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Thyanophrys celebicus and Bishop (2003) as Thyanophrys celebicus. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Solomon Islands, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1994.1.18.9 (1), BPBM 29502 (14), BPBM 33231 (2). Rogadius pristiger (Cuvier, 1829) - Thorny flathead Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (10), UMPT 11 (1), UMPT 12 (1). Family Scorpaenidae Rogadius tuberculatus (Cuvier, 1829) - Tuberculated Brachypterois serrulifer Fowler 1938 - Sawcheek flathead Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Platycephalus tuberculatus; subsquently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Suggrundus tuberculatus, Basson et al. (1981) as Platycephalus tuberculatus, Relyea (1981) as Platycephalus tuberculatus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Sorsogona tuberculata, Bishop (2003), Randall (1995a) as Sorsogona tuberculate and Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) as Sorsogona tuberculata. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (3), UMPT 08 (2), UMPT 10 (1). scorpionfish Status in Persian Gulf: Reported by Krupp et al. (2000) as Brachypterois serrulata (non Richardson 1846). Distribution: Southern Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar, Oman and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMF 26001 (1). Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828) - Devil firefish (Deyayah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Pterois volitans (non Linnaeus 1758), Basson et al. (1981) as Pterois volitans (non Linnaeus 1758), Relyea (1981) as Pterois volitans (non Linnaeus 1758), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Pterois volitans (non Linnaeus 1758), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Pterois volitans (non Linnaeus 1758), Sorsogona prionota (Sauvage, 1873) - Halfspined flathead Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East 127 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Indonesia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant); invasive in the Western Atlantic. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: CAS 55221 (4), USNM 265952 (1). Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a) as Scorpaenopsis barbatus; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) as Scorpaenopsis barbatus, Randall & Eschmeyer (2001) and Bishop (2003) as Scorpaenopsis barbatus. Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Somalia to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30443 (1), BPBM 33358 (2), BPBM 38787 (1), SMF 28600 (1), WAM P.25971-003 (1). Pterois radiata Cuvier 1829 - Radial firefish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Jawad (2016a); previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pterois cincta (non Rüppell 1838), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Pterois cincta (non Rüppell 1838) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Pterois cincta (non Rüppell 1838). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa and Persian Gulf east to southern Japan, Marshall Islands, northern Line Islands and Marquesas Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Scorpaenopsis lactomaculata (Herre, 1945) - Whiteblotched scorpionfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf to India. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Scorpaenopsis oxycephala (Bleeker 1849) - Tassled scorpionfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall & Eschmeyer (2001). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, South Africa and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Palau and New Guinea, north to Philippines, southern Japan, south to Timor Sea (northern Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 38786 (1). Pterois russelii Bennett, 1831 - Plaintail turkeyfish (Khoroos-e-darya, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905) as Pterois russellii; subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pterois russelli, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Pterois russelli, Relyea (1981) as Pterois russelli, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Pterois russellii, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Pterois russellii and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: South and East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Philippines and New Guinea, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Scorpaenopsis venosa (Cuvier, 1829) - Raggy scorpionfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); previously reported by Regan (1905) as Scorpaena cirrhosa (non Thunberg 1793); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Scorpaenopsis gibbosa (non Bloch & Schneider 1801) and S. cirrhosa (non Thunberg 1793), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Scorpaenopsis cf. venosa, Scorpaenopsis barbata (Rüppell, 1838) - Bearded scorpionfish 128 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Krupp et al. (2000). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles and Madagascar east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Japan, south to New Caledonia and Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: SMF 28600 (1). and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Indonesia, north to Japan and south to New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 15 (1), UMPT 20 (2). Pseudosynanceia melanostigma Day, 1875 - Blackfin stonefish (Sang-mahi-e-khal-syah, Persian; Firyalah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Leptosynanceia melanostigma; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Leptosynanceia melanostigma, Khalaf (1961) as Leptosynanceia melanostigma, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Leptosynanceia melanostigma, Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Leptosynanceja melanostigma, Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao (1973), Basson et al. (1981) as Leptosynanceja melanostigma, Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988), Abou-Seedo (1992), Hussain et al. (1994) as Psudosynanceia melanostigma, Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to India. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14395 (3), USNM 196472 (1). Family Synanceiidae Choridactylus multibarbus Richardson, 1848 Orangebanded stingfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Choridactylus multibarbis, Relyea (1981) as Choridactylum multibarbis, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Choridactylus multibarbis, Krupp & Müller (1994) as Choridactylus multibarbatus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2013). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to Taiwan. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Minous dempsterae Eschmeyer, Hallacher & RamaRao, 1979 - Obliquebanded stingfish (Gazandehmahi, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Jawad (2017). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Oman east to western India. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Synanceia nana Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao, 1973 - Red Sea stonefish Status in Persian Gulf: Reported from Persian Gulf in original description by Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao (1973); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Jawad (2016a). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: AMNH 18385 (1 paratype). Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Grey stingfish (Firyalah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Eschmeyer et al. (1979), Relyea (1981), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2013) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Stonefish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf 129 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 by Relyea (1981); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marshall, Tuamotu and Gambier islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Middleton Reef, New Caledonia, Tonga and Austral Islands. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: South and East Africa to Madagascar; Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: MTUF 20133 (2), MTUF 25254 (2), SMF 28605 (3). Lepidotrigla spiloptera Günther, 1880 - Spotwing gurnard Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); previously reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Lepidotrigla sp. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines, noth to Taiwan, south to Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 13 (1). Family Tetrarogidae Pseudovespicula dracaena (Cuvier, 1829) - Draco waspfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a) as Vespicula dracaene; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Vespicula dracaene. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf to India and Sri Lanka. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 196511 (7). Order SILURIFORMES Family Ariidae Netuma bilineata (Valenciennes, 1840) - Bronze catfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Al-Hassan et al. (1988) as Arius bilineatus; subsequently reported by Abou-Seedo (1992) as Arius bilineatus, Randall (1995a) as Arius bilineatus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Arius bilineatus, Jawad (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Philippines and Papua New Guinea, north to southern China, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Triglidae Lepidotrigla bispinosa Steindachner, 1898 - Bullhorn gurnard (Khoroosak-e-shakh-gavi, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Lepidotrigla omanensis (non Regan 1905), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Lepidotrigla omanensis (non Regan 1905), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Lepidotrigla omanensis (non Regan 1905); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Somalia and Persian Gulf east to western India. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (2), UMPT 11 (2). Netuma thalassina (Rüppell, 1837) - Giant catfish (Gorbeh-mahi-e-bozorg, Persian; Chimh, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Arius thalassinus; subsequently reported by Misra (1947) as Tachysurus thalassinus, Bolster (1948) as Arius thalassinus, Mahdi (1950) as Tachysurus thalassinus, Menon (1960) as Tachysurus thalassinus, Khalaf Lepidotrigla faurei Gilchrist &Thompson, 1914 Scalybreast gurnard Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Lepidotrigla faueri; subsequently reported by Krupp et al. (2000). 130 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf (1961) as Tachysurus thalassinus, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Tachysurus thalassinus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Arius thalassinus, Relyea (1981) as Arius thalassinus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Arius thalassinus, Al-Hassan et al. (1988), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994) as Arius thalassinus, Krupp & Müller (1994) as Arius thalassinus, Randall (1995a) as Arius thalassinus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Arius thalassinus, Nasir (2000) as Arius thalassinus, Valinassab et al. (2006) as Arius thalassinus, Dehghani (2014) as Arius thalassinus and Jawad (2016a, 2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific; East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to southern China, south to Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1986.7.1.4-5 (2), SMNS 14380 (3), UMPT 02 (3), UMPT 14 (1), UMPT 19 (2), USNM 196476 (1), USNM 297116 (1). Persian Gulf east to western Malaysia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Plotosidae Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1787) - Striped eel catfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Plotosus anguillaris; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Plotosus anguillaris, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Plotosus anguillaris, Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Plotosus anguillaris, Basson et al. (1981) as Plotosus anguillaris, Relyea (1981) as Plotosus anguillaris, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Plotosus anguillaris, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Plotosus anguillaris, Abou-Seedo (1992) as Plotosus anguillaris, Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012), Dehghani (2014) and Jawad (2016a). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Korea, southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia at 32°S, Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia; eastern Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BRC 149 (1), USNM 147843 (1), USNM 147844 (1), USNM 196508 (2), USNM 196509 (1), USNM 196510 (1). Plicofollis dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1840) Blacktip sea catfish (Gorbeh-mahi-e-Khaki, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Al-Hassan et al. (1988) as Arius dussumieri; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Arius dussumieri, Valinassab et al. (2006) as Arius dussumieri and Dehghani (2014) as Arius dussumieri. Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to western Indonesia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Order SYNGNATHIFORMES Family Centriscidae Centriscus scutatus Linnaeus, 1758 - Grooved razorfish (Maygoo-mahi, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); previously reported by Regan (1905) as Amphisile strigata (non Günther 1861); subsquently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Plicofollis tenuispinis (Day, 1877) - Thinspine sea catfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Al-Hassan et al. (1988) as Arius tenuispinis; subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) as Arius tenuispinis, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Arius tenuispinis, Zajonz et al. (2002) as Arius tenuispinis and Valinassab et al. (2006) as Arius tenuispinis. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: East Africa and 131 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 15 (1), UMPT 19 (1), USNM 196660 (1), USNM 267075 (1). Family Syngnathidae Remarks: Ichthyocampus townsendi Duncker 1915 was erroneously reported in original description by Duncker (1915) to occur in Persian Gulf; however, the material originated from the Mekran coast and northwestern Indian Ocean. Acentronura mossambica Smith 1963 - Western Family Fistulariidae Indian Ocean pygmy pipehorse Status in Persian Gulf: Reported by Dawson (1985) as Acentronura (Acentronua) tentaculata (non Günther 1870), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Acentronura tentaculata (non Günther 1870), Randall (1995a) as Acentronura tentaculata (non Günther 1870), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Acentronura tentaculata (non Günther 1870) and Edwin (2012) as Acentronura tentaculata (non Günther 1870). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa to Madagascar and Persian Gulf. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Fistularia commersonii Rüppell, 1838 - Bluespotted cornetfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Richards et al. (2008); subsequently reported by Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic: Ascension Island; Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Mexico and Panama, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands and Hawaiian Islands, south to Western Australia at 19°09'S, New Caledonia, New Zealand and Rapa; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Bryx analicarens (Duncker, 1915) - Pink pipefish Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Duncker (1915) as Syngnathus analicarens; subsequrntly reported by Dawson (1981a), Relyea (1981) as Syngnathus analicarens, Dawson (1985), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Southern Red Sea, Western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Seychelles and Madagascar east to Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1911.2.23.70 (1), CAS 20751 (1), CAS 39749 (2), GCRL 16765 (1), GCRL 15766 (1), USNM 147814 (11), USNM 147918 (12), USNM 147919 (2), USNM 147920 (1), USNM 147921 (1), USNM 147922 (2), USNM 147923 (1). Fistularia petimba Lacepède, 1803 - Red cornetfish (Lablooleh-mahi-e-ghahvahei, Persian; Hakool, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Fistularia villosa; subsequently recorded by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Fistularia villosa, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Fistularia villosa, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Fistularia villosa, Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Dabbagh et al. (2011). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical seas, but not in eastern Pacific; eastern Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 12 (1), USNM 267140 (3). Remark: Fistularia villosa (Klunzinger, 1871) is a junior synonym. Choeroichthys brachysoma (Bleeker, 1855) - Shortbodied pipefish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994) and Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) 132 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Marshall and Society islands, north to Philippines, south to eastern Australia, Fiji and Samoa. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33361 (1), BPBM 33393 (4). Western Australia and southern Great Barrier Reef (Queensland). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1975.4.5.8-9 (2). Halicampus zavorensis Dawson 1984 - Zavora pipefish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Mozambique to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not evaluated (NE). Corythoichthys haematopterus (Bleeker, 1851) Messmate pipefish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986); subsequently reported by Richards et al. (2008). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Aldabra, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Palau and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan and Taiwan, south to northwestern Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Hippocampus borboniensis Duméril 1870 - Spotted seahorse Status in Persian Gulf: Reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Hippocampus kuda (non Bleeker 1852), Basson et al. (1981) as Hippocampus kuda (non Bleeker 1852), Relyea (1981) as Hippocampus kuda (non Bleeker 1852), Al-Hassan & Al-Badri (1986) as Hippocampus kuda (non Bleeker 1852), Hussain et al. (1988) as Hippocamcus kuda (non Bleeker 1852), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Hippocampus kuda (non Bleeker 1852), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Hippocampus kuda (non Bleeker 1852), Bishop (2003) as Hippocampus kuda (non Bleeker 1852), Lourie et al. (2004) as Hippocampus fuscus (non Rüppell 1838) and H. kelloggi (non Jordan & Snyder 1901) and Lourie et al. (2016) as Hippocampus kuda (non Bleeker 1852) and H. kelloggi (non Jordan & Snyder 1901). Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: South Africa and Mozambique to Seychelles, Madagascar, Réunion (western Mascarenes) and Maldives. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Cosmocampus investigatoris (Hora, 1926) Investigator pipefish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Dawson (1981a) as Syngnathus investigatoris; subsequently reported by Dawson (1985) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf to Andaman Sea. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 164342 (1), USNM 164343 (1); USNM 219566 (1). Doryrhamphus excisus Kaup, 1856 - Bluestripe pipefish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Dawson (1981b) as Doryrhamphus excisus excisus; subsequently reported by Dawson (1985) as Doryrhamphus excisus excisus, Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a) as Doryrhamphus excisus excisus, Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) as Doryrhamphus excisus excisus and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Indo-Pacific: East Africa, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Mexico, north to Ryukyu, Ogasawara and Hawaiian islands, south to Hippichthys cyanospilos (Bleeker, 1854) - Bluespotted pipefish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Dawson (1985); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to 133 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Palau and Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Order TETRAODONTIFORMES Family Balistidae Abalistes stellaris (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - Starry triggerfish (Homarah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) and Krupp & Müller (1994). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Palau, Fiji and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales (Australia); also eastern tropical Atlantic. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 07 (45), UMPT 12 (2). Hippocampus jayakari Boulenger 1900 - Thorny seahorse Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Lourie et al. (2004); subsequently reported by Edwain (2012) and Lourie et al. (2016). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Réunion and Mauritius (western Mascarenes) east to Maldives. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Hippichthys penicillus (Cantor, 1849) - Beady pipefish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Dawson (1981a) as Parasyngnathus argyrostictus; subsequently reported by Dawson (1985), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: GCRL 16282 (1); USNM 164344 (1). Abalistes stellatus (Anonymous, 1798) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Palau, Fiji and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales (Australia); eastern tropical Atlantic. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus (Bleeler, 1857) Double-ended pipefish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Dawson (1981a); subsequently reported by Dawson (1984, 1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Yozia bicoarctata, Krupp & Müller (1994) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar, Comoros and Mascarenes east to Mariana Islands and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, and New South Wales (Australia). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: FRBB uncat. (2). Rhinecanthus assasi (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775) - Picasso triggerfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall Krupp & Müller (1994); peviously reported by Basson et al. (1981) as Rhinecanthus aculeatus (non Linnaeus 1758), Relyea (1981) as Rhinecanthus aculeatus (non Linnaeus 1758); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke 134 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf (2008). Sufflamen albicaudatum (Rüppell, 1829) Sea and Japan, south to New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). - Bluethroat triggerfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981); subsequently reported by Krupp & Müller (1994) as Sufflamen albicaudatus and Edwin (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Oman to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758 - Spotfin porcupinefish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981); subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Least concern (LC). Sufflamen chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - Halfmoon triggerfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Sufflamen chrysopterus; subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) as Sufflamen capistratus (non Shaw 1804), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) as Sufflamen chrysopterus, Bishop (2003) as Sufflamen chrysopterus and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Samoa, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Australia, Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Molidae Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) - Ocean sunfish (Korshid-mahi-e-oghyanoosi, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b); subsequently reported by Bishop (2003) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and temperate seas. IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) - Slender sunfish Status in Persian Gulf: Reported from Persian Gulf by Bishop (2003); subsequently reported by Jawad (2017). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Family Diodontidae Cyclichthys orbicularis (Bloch, 1785) - Birdbeak burrfish (Kharposht-mahi-e-Lab-menghari, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Chilomycterus orbicularis, Relyea (1981) as Cyclichthys echinatus (non Linnaeus 1758) and C. orbicularis, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Chilomycterus orbicularis, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Jawad (2017) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Philippines, north to South China Family Monacanthidae Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758) - Unicorn leatherjacket filefish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b); subsequently reported by Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Paramonacanthus arabicus Hutchins, 1997 - Gulf filefish 135 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf in original description by Hutchins (1997); previously reported by Regan (1905) as Monacanthus oblongus (non Schlegel 1850), Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Paramonacanthus choirocephalus (non Bleeker 1851) and P. oblongus (non Schlegel 1850), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Paramonacanthus choirocephalus (non Bleeker 1851) and P. oblongus (non Schlegel 1850), Basson et al. (1981) as Paramonacanthus choirocephalus (non Bleeker 1851), Relyea (1981) as Paramonacanthus choirocephalus (non Bleeker 1851) and P. oblongus (non Schlegel 1850), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Paramonacanthus oblongus (non Schlegel 1850), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Paramonacanthus oblongus (non Schlegel 1850), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Paramonacanthus oblongus (non Schlegel 1850), Randall (1995a) as Paramonacanthus sp., Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Paramonacanthus choirocephalus (non Bleeker 1851) and P. oblongus (non Schlegel 1850) and Taher et al. (2012) as Paramonacanthus japonicus (non Tilesius 1809). Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: WAM P.31180-001 (holotype), AMS I. 37401-001 (7 paratypes), BMNH 1996.10.29.2-7 (6 paratypes), BPBM 21213 (1 paratype), BPBM 21291 (2 paratypes), BPBM 29497 (14 paratypes), BPBM 30911 (4 paratypes), BPBM 35415 (1 paratype), UMPT 08 (9), UMPT 09 (1), USNM 342554 (1 paratype), USNM 342555 (1 paratype), WAM P.25977-010 (11 paratypes), WAM P.25979-003 (3 paratypes), WAM P.25980-007 (2 paratypes), WAM P.25988-001 (3 paratypes), WAM P.29813-001 (2 paratypes, c&s), WAM P.31179-001 (3 paratypes), WAM P.31181-001 (14 paratypes), WAM P.31182-001 (2 paratypes), WAM P.31183001 (3 paratypes), WAM P.31184-001 (7 paratypes),WAM P.31185-001 (1 paratype), WAM P.31186-001 (1 paratype), WAM P.31187-001 (1 paratype). Remarks: Previously misidentified as Paramonacanthus tricuspis (non Hollard 1854), P. choirocephalus (non Bleeker 1851) and P. oblongus (non Schlegel 1850). Stephanolepis diaspros Fraser-Brunner, 1940 Reticulated leatherjacket (Takshakh-mahi-emoshabbak, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Nellen (1973), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Hutchins (1984), Abou-Seedo (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147924 (2). Thamnaconus modestoides (Barnard, 1927) - Modest filefish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Wst Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Réunion (Mascarenes) east to Indonesia, north to southern Japan, south to northwestern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Family Ostraciidae Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus, 1758 - Yellow boxfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Ostracion tuberculatus; subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) as Ostracion tuberculatus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Ostracion tuberculatus, Smith & Saleh (1987), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Tuamotu 136 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf stellatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands, south to New Caledonia, northern New Zealand, Lord Howe Island and Rapa, straying to Hawaiian Islands. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BRC 171 (1). (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Arothron alboreticulatus and A. stellatus, Smith & Saleh (1987), Abou-Seedo (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Abed et al. (2013), Dehghani (2014), Jawad (2017), Torquato et al. (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island and northern New Zealand. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 08 (1), UMPT 14 (3), USNM 147927 (1), USNM 147928 (2), USNM 267109 (1). Remark: Arothron alboreticulatus (Tanaka, 1908) is a junior synonym. Ostracion cyanurus Rüppell, 1828 - Bluetail trunkfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Regan (1905); subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) as Ostracion lentiginosum (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al. (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: USNM 395577 (1). Tetrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Humpback Chelonodon patoca (Hamilton, 1822) - Milkspotted turretfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Ostracion gibbosus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Ostracion gibbosus, Krupp & Müller (1994) and Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to Australia and New Caledonia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 08 (1). puffer (Badkonak-mahi-e-zeytooni, Persian; E'nezah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Chilonodon patoca; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Smith & Saleh (1987), Abou-Seedo (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Dehghani (2014) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Madagascarand Persian Gulf east to French Polynesia, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 08 (1), UMPT 19 (1), USNM 147596 (1), USNM 147821 (6), USNM 147929 (7), USNM 147930 (2), USNM 147931 (1), USNM 147932 (1), USNM 147933 (1), USNM Family Tetraodontidae Arothron stellatus (Anonymous, 1798) - Stellate puffer (Badkonak-mahi-e-ghahvahei, Persian; E'nezah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Tetraodon 137 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 196474 (1). 17 (9), UMPT 19 (19), UMPT 20 (7). Lagocephalus guentheri Miranda Ribeiro, 1915 - Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) - Silver- Diamondback puffer Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Indonesia, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). cheeked toadfish (E'nezah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Gastrophysus scleratus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981) as Lagocephalus scleratus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Jawad (2017). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 12 (4). Lagocephalus inermis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) - Smooth blaasop (Badkonak-mahi-e-saf, Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Spheroides inermis; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 267132 (2), USNM 394072 (1). Lagocephalus spadiceus (Richardson, 1845) - Halfsmooth golden pufferfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Kuronuma & Abe (1986). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Taiwan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 10 (2), UMPT 19 (1). Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Lunartail puffer (E'-nezah, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Spheroides lunaris; subsequently reported by Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Gastrophysus lunaris, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Jawad (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Indonesia, north to South China Sea, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 07 (1), UMPT 13 (4), UMPT 14 (8), UMPT 15 (10), UMPT 16 (4), UMPT Takifugu oblongus (Bloch, 1786) - Lattice blaasop Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Naderi et al. (2013). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Réunion (western Mascarenes) east to Indonesia, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Torquigener flavimaculosus Hardy & Randall, 198 3 - Yellowspotted puffer Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Randall (1995a); previously reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Lagocephalus 138 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf hypselogeneion (non Bleeker 1852); subsequently Queensland (Australia). IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 14 (2), UMPT 19 (4), USNM 147904 (10), USNM 196478 (2). reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b). Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Seychelles and Madagascar to Persian Gulf; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant; Golani 1998). IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (1). Acknowledgements This study was financially supported by the University of Tehran. Family Triacanthidae References Pseudotriacanthus strigilifer (Cantor, 1849) - Long- Abed, J.M.; Jassim, A.K.; Lazem, L.F. & Habeeb, F.S. 2013. Biometry of stellate puffer Arothron stellatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) from Shatt Al-Basrah Canal. Journal of the King AbdulAziz University, Marine Science 24(1): 17-26. Abou-Seedo, F.S. 1992. Abundance of fish caught by stake-traps (hadra) in the intertidal zone in Doha, Kuwait Bay. Journal of the University of Kuwait 19: 91-98. Abou-Seedo, F.S.; Clayton, D.A. & Wright J.M. 1990. Tidal and turbidity effects on the shallow-water fish assemblage of Kuwait Bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series 65: 213-223. Abu-Hakima, R. 1987. Aspects of the reproductive biology of the grouper, Epinephelus tauvina (Forskål), in Kuwaiti waters. Journal of Fish Biology 30(2): 213-222. Afonso, P.; Porteiro, F.M.; Santos, R.S.; Barreiros, J.P.; Worms, J. & Wirtz, P. 1999. Coastal marine fishes of São Tomé Island (Gulf of Guinea). Arquipélago 17(A): 65-92. Ahmed, M. 1991. A model to determine benefits obtainable from the management of riverine fisheries of Bangladesh. ICLARM Tech. Rep. 28, 133 p. Akyol, O.; Ünal, V.; Ceyhan, T. & Bilecenoglu, M. 2005. First confirmed record of Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) in the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Fish Biology 66: 1183-1186. Al-Badri, M.E. & Jawad, L.A. 2014. New fish records from the marine waters of Iraq. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 55: 431-436. Al-Dubakel, A.Y. 2011. Commercial fishing and marketing of Hilsa shad Tenualosa ilisha (HamiltonBuchanan, 1822) in Basrah - southern Iraq. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 23(2): 178-186. Al-Hassan, L.A.J. 1987. Variations in meristic characters spined tripodfish (Se-khareh-e-khal-talaei, Persian; Cholaib-eldow, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Triacanthus strigilifer; subsequently reported by Menon (1960) as Triacanthus brevirostris, Khalaf (1961) as Triacanthus brevirostris, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Triacanthus brevirostris and Pseudotriacanthus strigilifer, Kuronuma & Abe (1972), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Triacanthus strigilifer, Hussain et al. (1988), Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Dehghani (2014). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persoan Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Philipines and Indonesia. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Triacanthus biaculeatus (Bloch, 1786) - Short-nosed tripodfish (Se-khareh-e-poozeh-kootah, Persian; Cholaib-eldow, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Triacanthus indicus; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Triacanthus indicus, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Triacanthus indicus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981) as Triacanthus biaculeatus and T. indicus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Dehghani (2014) and Ziyadi et al. (2018). Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and 139 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 of Nematalosa nasus from Iraq and Kuwaiti waters. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 33(4): 422-425. Al-Hassan, L.A.J. 1990. Genetic and morphological variation in Acanthopagrus latus (Sparidae) in Iraq. Asian Fisheies Science 3: 269-273. Al-Hassan, L.A.J.; Clayton, D.A.; Thomson, M. & Ciddle, R.S. 1988. Taxonomy and distribution of ariid catfishes from the Persian Gulf. Journal of Natural History 22: 473-487. Al-Hassan, L.A.J. & Al-Badri, M.E.H. 1986. First record of some fishes from Khor Al-Zubair, Khor Abdullah, and Shatt Al-Arab, Basrah, Iraq. Cybium 10(3): 295297. Al-Hassan, L.A.J. & Hussain, N.A. 1985. Hydrological parameters influencing the penetration of Persian Gulf fishes into the Shatt Al Arab River, Iraq. Cybium 9(1): 7-16. Al-Hassan, L.A.J.; Hussain, N.A. & Soud, K.D. 1989. A Preliminary, annotated check-list of fishes form Shatt al-Arab River, Basrah. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii 36: 283-288. Al-Hassan, L.A.J. & Miller, P.J. 1987. Rhinogobius brunneus (Gobiidae) in the Persian Gulf. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 33: 405-408. Ali, A.H. 2013a. First record of six shark species in the territorial marine waters of Iraq with a review of cartilaginous fishes of Iraq. Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Science 28(1): 1-16. Ali, A.H. 2013b. First record of Strongspine silver-biddy Gerres longirostris (Lacepède, 1801) (Pisces: Gerreidae) from Iraqi marine territorial waters. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Science 26 (Special issue 1): 178-183. Ali, A.H.; Abed, J.M. & Taher, M.M. 2014a. First record of saddleback silver-biddy Gerres limbatus Cuvier, 1830 (Pisces: Gerreidae) from Shatt Al-Arab River and marine territorial water of Iraq. International Journal of Marine Science 4: 1-5. Ali, A.H.; Mhaisen, F.T. & Khamees, N.R. 2014b. Checklists of nematodes of freshwater and marine fishes of Basrah Province, Iraq. Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Science 29(2): 71-96. Ali, A.H. & Iwatsuki, Y. 2018. Record of the yellowback grunt Pomadasys aheneus McKay & Randall (Osteichthys: Haemulidae) from the Arabian Gulf off Iraq. Zoology of the Middle East 2018: 1-3. Allen, G.R. 1979. Falter- und Kaiserfische. Band 2. Atlantik, Karibik, Rotes Meer, Indo-Pazifik. Mergus, Melle: 149-352. Allen, G.R. 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. Rome: FAO. 208 p. Allen, G.R. 1986. Pomacentridae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra (eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp: 670-682. Allen, G.R. 1986. Lutjanidae. In: J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.). Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 323-324. Allen, G.R. 1991a. Riffbarsche der Welt. Mergus, Melle. 272 p. Allen, G.R. 1991b. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of New Guinea. Publication, no. 9. Christensen Research Institute, Madang, Papua New Guinea. 268 p. Allen, G.R. & Adrim, M. 2003. Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zoological Studies 42(1): 1-72. Allen, G.R. & Erdmann, M.V. 2012. Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. Allen, G.R.; Erdmann, M.V. & Yusmalinda, N.L.A. 2016. Review of the Indo-Pacific flasherwasses of the genus Paracheilinus (Perciformes: Labridae), with descripions of three new species. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation 19: 18-90. Allen, G.R. & Kuiter, R.H. 1978. Heniochus diphreutes Jordan, a valid species of butterflyfish (Chaetodontidae) from the Indo-West Pacific. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 61(1): 1118. Allen, G.R. & Randall, J.E. 1981. A review of the damselfishes (Teleostei: Pomacentridae) of the Red Sea. Journal of Zoology 29(1/3) (for 1980): 1-98. Allen, G.R. & Randall, J.E. 1994. A new species of cardinalfish (Apogon: Apogonidae) from Arabian Seas. Rev. Fr. Aquariol. 21(1-2): 24-26. Allen, G.R. & Steene, R. 1987. Reef fishes of the Indian Ocean. tfh Publications, Neptune City. 240 p. Allen, G.R.; Steene, R. & Allen, M. 1998. A guide to angelfishes and butterflyfishes. Odyssey Publishing, 140 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). FAO, Rome. pp: 2840-2918. Appleby, C. 1999. List of Norwegian common names of fishes. Unpublished. Armitage, R.O.; Payne, D.A.; Lockley, G.J.; Currie, H.M.; Colban, R.L.; Lamb, B.G. & Paul, L.J. 1994. Guide book to New Zealand commercial fish species. Revised edition. New Zealand Fishing Industry Board, Wellington, New Zealand. 216 p. Assadi, H. & Dehghani, R. 1997. Atlas of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman fishes. Iranian Fisheries Research and Training Organization, Tehran. 226 p. Attaran-Farimani, G.; Estekani, S.; Springer, V.G.; Crimmen, O.; Johnson, G.D. & Baldwin, C.C. 2016. Validation of the synonymy of the teleost blenniid fish species Salarias phantasticus Boulenger 1897 and Salarias anomalus Regan 1905 with Ecsenius pulcher (Murray 1887) based on DNA barcoding and morphology. Zootaxa 4072(2): 171-184. Bagnis, R.; Mazellier, P.; Bennett, J. & Christian, E. 1984. Poissons de Polynésie, 5th Edition. Société Nouvelle des Editions du Pacifique, Elysées, France. Baissac, J.de.B. 1990. SWIOP/WP/54 - Checklist of the marine fishes of Mauritius. RAF/87/008/WP/54/90 Regional Project for the Development & Management of Fisheries in the Southwest Indian Ocean. Bañón, R. & Sande, C. 2008. First record of the red cornetfish Fistularia petimba (Syngnathiformes: Fistularidae) in Galician waters: a northernmost occurrence in the eastern Atlantic. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 24: 106-107. Basson, P.W.; Burchard, Jr. J.E.; Hardy, J.T. & Price, A.R.G. 1981. Biotopes of the western Persian Gulf. Marine life and environments of Saudi Arabia. Dharan (Aramco Department of Loss Prevention and Environment Affairs). 284 p. Bath, H. 1983. Revision der Gattung Antennablennius Fowler 1931 mit Beschreibung einer neuen Art und Untersuchung der taxonomischen Stellung von Antennablennius anuchalis Springer & Spreitzer 1978. Senckenbergiana Biologica 64(1/3): 47-80. Bath, H. 1989. Die Arten der Gattung Parablennius Ribeiro 1915 im Roten Meer, Indischen und NW des Pazifischen Ozeans. Senckenbergiana Biologica Perth. 250 p. Allen, G.R. & Swainston, R. 1988. The marine fishes of north-western Australia: a field guide for anglers and divers. Western Australian Museum, Perth. 201 p. Allen, G.R. & Talbot, F.H. 1985. Review of the snappers of the genus Lutjanus (Pisces: Lutjanidae) from the Indo-Pacific, with the description of a new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes 11: 1-87. Allen, G.R.; White, W.T. & Erdmann, M.V. 2013. Two new species of snappers (Pisces: Lutjanidae: Lutjanus) from the Indo-West Pacific. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation 6: 33-51. Al-Mukhtar, M.A.; Jawad, L.A.; Al-Faisal, A.J. & Mustafa, F. 2011. Dotter grouper, Epinephelus epistictus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) (Osteichthyes: Serranidae), recorded from the marine waters of Iraq. Zoology in the Middle East 54: 136138. Amaoka, K. & Hensley, D.A. 2001. Paralichthyidae. Sand flounders. In: K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. pp: 3842-3862. Amir, S.A.; Tanaka, F.; Siddiqui, P.J. & Iwatsuki, Y. 2013. First records of two sparid species Diplodus omanensis and Pagellus affinis (Perciformes: Sparidae) from western coast of Pakistan. Cybium 37(3): 220-222. Amir, S.A.; Siddiqui, P.J.A. & Masroor, R. 2014. A new sparid fish of genus Sparidentex (Perciformes: Sparidae) From Coastal Waters of Pakistan (North Western Indian Ocean). Pakistan Journal of Zoology 46(2): 471-477. Anderson, W.D. Jr. 1986. Lutjanidae. (Genus Lutjanus by G.R. Allen). In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra (Eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp: 572-579. Anderson, R.C.; Randall, J.E. & Kuiter, R.H. 1998. New records of fishes from the Maldive Islands, with notes on other species. Ichthyological Bulletin 67(2): 2036. Anderson, W.D.Jr. & Allen, G.R. 2001. Lutjanidae. Jobfishes. In: K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The 141 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 69(4/6): 301-343. Bauchot, M.L. 2003. Sciaenidae. In: C. Lévêque, D. Paugy, G.G. Teugels (Eds.). Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. Pp: 504-511 Bauchot, M.L. & Bauchot, R. 1983. Les Pagellus de l'océan indien (Pisces, Perciformes, Sparidae). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Ser. 4: Section A: Zoologie, Biologie et Écologie Animales 5(4): 1123-1138. Bauchot, M.L. & Hureau, J.C. 1990. Sparidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 790-812. Bauchot, M.L. & Saldanha, L. 1986. Muraenesocidae. In: P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, E. Tortonese (Eds.). Fishes of the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 2. UNESCO, Paris. pp: 559-561. Bauchot, M.L. & Smith, M.M. 1984. Sparidae. In: W. Fischer, G. Bianchi (Eds.). FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. Behzadi, S.; Salarpouri, A.; Darvishi, M. & Dehghani, R. 2012. First record of three Batoid species in the Persian Gulf. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal 21: 153-158. Ben-Tuvia, A. 1986. Mullidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra (Eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp: 610-613. Blegvad, H. & Løppenthin, B. 1944. Fishes of the Iranian Gulf. In: K. Jessen, R. Spärck (Eds.). Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran, part III. Einar Munksgaard, Copenhagen. pp: 1-247. Bianchi, G. 1985. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine and brackish-water species of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of TCP/URT/4406 and FAO (FIRM) Regular Programme. FAO, Rome. 199 p. Bianchi, G.; Carpenter, K.E.; Roux, J.P.; Molloy, F.J.; Boyer, D. & Boyer, H.J. 1999. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Field guide to the living marine resources of Namibia. FAO, Rome. 265 p. Bilecenoglu, M. 2010. Alien marine fishes of Turkey an updated review. In: D. Golani, B. AppelbaumGolani (Eds.). Fish Invasions in the Mediterranean Sea: Change and Renewal. Pensoft. Sofia-Moscow. pp: 189-217. Bilecenoglu, M.; Taskavak, E.; Mater, S. & Kaya, M. 2002. Checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Zootaxa (113): 1-194. Bills, R. (comp.) 1999. An inventory of fishes from the Lower Zambezi River, Mozambique (27/7/1999 to 14/8/1999). Invest. Rep. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology. 62: 60 p. Bishop, J.M. 2003. History and current checklist of Kuwait’s ichthyofauna. Journal of Arid Environments 54: 237-256. Blaber, S.J.M. 1980. Fish of the Trinity Inlet System of North Queensland with notes on the ecology of fish faunas of tropical Indo-Pacific estuaries. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 31: 13746. Blaber, S.J.M.; Young, J.W. & Dunning, M.C. 1985. Community structure and zoogeographic affinities of the coastal fishes of the Dampier region of northwestern Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 36: 247-266. Bleeker, P. 1875. Poissons de Madagascar et de l'île de la Réunion des collections de MM. Pollen et van Dam. In: P. Bleeker, F. Pollen (Eds.). Recherches sur la faune de Madagascar et de ses dépendances, d'après les découvertes de François P.L. Pollen et D.C. van Dam. 4me partie. Poissons et pêches. E.J. Brill, Leyde. pp: 1-104. Bogorodsky, S.V.; Alpermann, T.J.; Mal, A.O. & Gabr, M.H. 2014. Survey of the demersal fishes from southern Saudi Arabia, with five new records for the Red Sea. Zootaxa 3852(4): 401-437. Böhlke, E.B. 2000. Notes on the identity of small, brown, unpatterned Indo-Pacific moray eels, with descriptions of three new species (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae). Pacific Science 54(4): 395-416. Bolster, H.G. 1948. Part II - Edible fish in the Persian 142 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Gulf. United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery Leaflet 304: 6-8. Buchanan, J.R.; Krupp, F.; Burt, J.A.; Feary, D.A.; Ralph, G.M. & Carpenter, K.E. 2015. Living on the edge: Vulnerability of coral-dependent fishes in the gulf. Marine Pollution Bulletin 105: 480-488. [Appeared first as electronic prepublication, p. 1-9, in 2015; volume number and pages added in 2016.] Bussing, W.A. 1995. Tetraodontidae. Tamboriles, tamborines, botetes, peces globo, corrotuchos. In: W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. pp: 1629-1637. Capapé, C. & Desoutter, M. 1990. Dasyatidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. pp: 59-63. Cárdenas, S.; Berastegui, D.A. & Ortiz, J.M. 1997. First record of Fistularia petimba Lacepéde, 1803 (Pisces, Fistulariidae) off the coast of Cadiz (southern Iberian Peninsula). Oletín Instituto Español de Oceanografía 13(1/2): 83-86. Carpenter, K.E. 1987. Revision of the Indo-Pacific fish family Caesionidae (Lutjanoidea), with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes 15: 1-56. Carpenter, K.E. 1988. FAO species catalog. Vol. 8. Fusilier fishes of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of caesionid species known to date. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) Fisheries Synopsis (125) 8: 1-75. Carpenter, K.E. 2001. Lobotidae. Tripletails. In: K.E. Carpenter, V.H. Niem (Eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO. pp: p. 2942-2945. Carpenter, K.E. 2003. Lobotidae. Tripletails. In: K.E. Carpenter (Ed.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. 1505 p. Carpenter, K.E. & Allen, G.R. 1989. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) Fisheries Synopsis (125)9: 1-118. Carpenter, K.E.; Harrison, P.L.; Hodgson, G.; Alsaffar, A.H. & Alhazeem, S.H. 1997a. The corals and coral reef fishes of Kuwait. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research and the Environment Public Authority. 181 p. Carpenter, K.E. & Johnson, G.D. 2016. Lobotidae. Tripletails. In: K.E. Carpenter, N. De Angelis (Eds.). The living marine resources of the Eastern Central Atlan tic. Volume 4: Bony fishes part 2 (Perciformes to Tetradontiformes) and Sea turtles. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes, Rome, FAO. 2544 p. Carpenter, K.E.; Krupp, F.; Jones, D.A. & Zajonz, U. 1997b. Living Marine Resources of Kuwait, Eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. FAO, Rome. 324 p. Carpenter, K.E. & Robertson, R. 2015. Lobotes surinamensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T198670A16644032. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.20154.RLTS.T198670A16644032.en. Carrubba, R.W. & Bowers, J.Z. 1982. Engelbert kaempfer’s first report of the torpedo fish of the Persian Gulf in the late seventeenth century. Journal of the History of Biology 15: 263-274. Castle, P.H.J. 1984. Muraenesocidae. In: W. Fischer, G. Bianchi (Eds.). FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume III. FAO, Rome. Castle, P.H.J. & Williamson, G.R. 1975. Systematics and distribution of eels of the Muraenesox group (Anguilliformes, Muraenesocidae). The J.L.B Smith Institute of Ichthyology Special Publication 15: 1-9. Castriota, L.; Greco, S.; Marino, G. & Andaloro, F. 2002. First record of Seriola rivoliana Cuvier, 1833 in the Mediterranean. Journal of Fish Biology 60(2): 486488. Cervigón, F. 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas, Venezuela. 97 p. 143 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Carpenter, K.E. & Johnson, G.D. 2016. Lobotidae. Tripletails. In: K.E. Carpenter, N. De Angelis (Eds.). The living marine resources of the Eastern Central Atlan tic. Volume 4: Bony fishes part 2 (Perciformes to Tetradontiformes) and Sea turtles. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes, Rome, FAO. 2544 p. Carvalho, M.R.de.; Séret, B. & McEachran, J.D. 2007. Carcharhinidae. In: M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels, C.D. Hopkins (Eds.). The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa. Volume I. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 42. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, and Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. pp: 144-147. Chao, L.N. & Trewavas, E. 1990. Sciaenidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the fishes the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 813-826. Chapman, L.B. & Cusack, P. 1990. South Pacific Commission Deep Sea Fisheries Development Project Report on Second Visit to Tuvalu 30 August - 7 December 1983. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia. Chen, C.H. 2004. Checklist of the fishes of Penghu. FRI Special Publication No. 4. 175 p. Chirichigno, N.F. 1974. Clave para identificar los peces marinos del Peru. Inf. Inst. Mar Perú (44): 1-387. Claro, R. 1994. Características generales de la ictiofauna. In: R. Claro (Ed.). Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo. pp: 55-70. Coad, B.W. 1995. Freshwater fishes of Iran. Acta Sci. Nat. Acad. Sci. Brno. 29(1): 1-64. Coad, B.W. 2010. Freshwater Fishes of Iraq. Bulgaria. 295 p. Coad, B.W. 2015. Review of the milkfishes of Iran (family Chanidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 2(2): 65-70. Coad, B.W. & Papahr, F. 1988. Shark attacks in the rivers of southern Iran. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 23: 131-134. Coleman, R.R.; Eble, J.A.; DiBattista, J.D.; Rocha, L.A.; Randall, J.E.; Berumen, M.L. & Bowen, B.W. 2016. Regal phylogeography: Range-wide survey of the marine angelfish Pygoplites diacanthus reveals evolutionary partitions between the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 100: 243-253. Collette, B.B. 1984. Belonidae. In: W. Fischer, G. Bianchi (Eds.). FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51), Volume 1. FAO, Rome. Collette, B.B. 1986a. Belonidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra (Eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp: 385-387. Collette, B.B. 1986b. Scombridae (including Thunnidae, Scomberomoridae, Gasterochismatidae and Sardidae). In: P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, E. Tortonese (Eds.). Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Volume 2. Unesco, Paris. pp: 981-997. Collette, B.B. 1999. Belonidae. Needlefishes. In: K.E. Carpenter, V.H. Niem (Eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. pp: 2151-2161. Collette, B.B. 2001. Scombridae. Tunas (also, albacore, bonitos, mackerels, seerfishes, and wahoo). In: K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. pp: 3721-3756. Collette, B.B. & Aadland, C.R. 1996. Revision of the frigate tunas (Scombridae, Auxis), with descriptions of two new subspecies from the eastern Pacific. Fishery Bulletin 94(3): 423-441. Collette, B.B. & Nauen, C.E. 1983. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) Fisheries Synopsis 125: 1-137. Collette, B.B. & Parin, N.V. 1990. Belonidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and 144 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 592-597. Cohen, D.M. 1990. Bregmacerotidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 524-525. Compagno, L.J.V. 1984a. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. Rome, FAO. 125(4/1): 1-249. Compagno, L.J.V. 1984b. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. Rome: FAO. 125(4/2):251-655. Compagno, L.J.V. 1986. Rhinobatidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra (Eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. SpringerVerlag, Berlin. pp: 128-131. Compagno, L.J.V. 1988. Sharks of the order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. 1-486. Compagno, L.J.V. 1997. Mobulidae. Devil rays. In: K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Western Central Pacific. Compagno, L.J.V. 1998a. Hemigaleidae. Weasel sharks. In: K.E. Carpenter, V.H. Niem (Eds.). FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. pp: 1305-1311. Compagno, L.J.V. 1998b. Sphyrnidae. Hammerhead and bonnethead sharks. In: K.E. Carpenter, V.H. Niem (Eds.). FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. pp: 1361-1366. Compagno, L.J.V. 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. In: W.C. Hamlett (ed.). Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. pp: 471498. Compagno, L.J.V. 2001. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Volume 2. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes 1(2): 1-269. Compagno, L.J.V.; Ebert, D.A. & Smale, M.J. 1989. Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. Compagno, L.J.V.; Krupp, F. & Carpenter, K.E. 1996. A new weasel shark of the genus Paragaleus from the northwestern Indian Ocean and the Arabian Gulf (Carcharhiniformes: Hemigaleidae). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 391-401. Compagno, L.J.V. & Last, P.R. 1999. Pristidae. Sawfishes. In: K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. pp: 1410-1417. Compagno, L.J.V. & Last, P.R. 2008. A new species of wedgefish, Rhynchobatus palpebratus sp. nov. (Rhynchobatoidei: Rhynchobatidae), from the IndoWest Pacific. In: Descriptions of new Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper 022: 227-240. Compagno, L.J.V.; Last, P.R.; Stevens, J.D. & Alava, M.N.R. 2005. Checklist of Philippine Chondrichthyes. CSIRO Marine Laboratories, Rept. 243. 101 p. Compagno, L.J.V. & Niem, V.H. 1998. Hemiscylliidae. Longtail carpetsharks. In: K.E. Carpenter, V.H. Niem (Eds.). FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. pp: 1249-1259. Compagno, L.J.V. & Niem, V.H. 1998a. Carcharhinidae. Requiem sharks. In: K.E. Carpenter, V.H. Niem (Eds.). FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. pp: 1312-1360. Compagno, L.J.V. & Niem, V.H. 1998b. Odontaspididae. Sand tiger sharks. In: K.E. Carpenter, V.H. Niem (Eds.). FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. pp: 1264-1267. Corsini-Foka, M. 2010. Current status of alien species in Greek seas. In: D.Golani, B. Appelbaum-Golani (Eds.). Fish Invasions in the Mediterranean Sea: Change and Renewal. Pensoft. Sofia-Moscow. pp: 219-253. Craig, M.T.; Sadovy, de.; Mitcheson, Y.J. & Heemstra, P.C. 2011. Groupers of the world. A field and market 145 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 guide. NISC (Pty) Ltd. Grahamstown, South Africa. 356 p. Dabbagh, A.R.; Movaheddinia, M.; Rameshi, H.; Esmaeel-Zadeh, A. & Sedaghat, M. 2011. First Record of the Red cornetfish, Fistularia petimba Lacepede, 1803 (Fistulariidae) from the Persian Gulf (Iran). World Journal of Zoology 6: 217-219. Dalzell, P.; Lindsay, S.R. & Patiale, H. 1991. Fisheries resources survey of the Island of Niue. Tech. Doc. Inshore Fish. Res. Proj. S. Pac. Comm 3. A report prepared in conjunction with the South Pacific Commission Inshore Fisheries Research Project, and the FAO South Pacific Aquaculture Development Project for the Government of Niue, July 1990. David, G. 1985. Pêche de subsistance et milieu naturel: les mangrove de Vanuatu et leur intérêt halieutique. Notes et documents d'océanographie. Mission ORSTOM de Port-Vila, 13:67 p. multigr. Davis, M.B.; Bishop, C.A.; Stansbury, D.E. & Murphy, E.F. 1994. Update of the assessment of the cod stock in div. 3NO. NAFO SC Working Paper 94/10. 13 p. Dawson, C.E. 1981a. Notes on four pipefishes (Syngnathidae) from the Persian Gulf. Copeia 1981(1): 87-95. Dawson, C.E. 1981b. Review of the Indo-Pacific pipefish genus Doryrhamphus Kaup (Pisces, Syngnathidae), with descriptions of a new species and a new subspecies. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 44: 1-27. Dawson, C.E. 1984. Review of the Indo-Pacific pipefish genus Trachyrhamphus (Syngnathidae). Micronesica 18: 163-191. Dawson, C.E. 1985. Indo-Pacific pipefishes (Red Sea to the Americas). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. Dawson, C.E. 1986a. Syngnathidae. In: J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (Eds.). Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 281-287. Dawson, C.E. 1986b. Syngnathidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra (Eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. SpringerVerlag, Berlin. pp: 445-458. Debelius, H. 1998. Fischführer Mittelmeer und Atlantik. Jahr Verlag GmbH & Co., Hamburg. 305 p. Dehghani, M. 2014. Study of fish mangrove communities and comparison of traditional fisheries methods on Hara Biosphere Reserve. Marine Biodiversity Records 7(e107): 1-6. Dennis, G.D.; Hensley, D.; Colin, P.L. & Kimmel, J.J. 2004. New records of marine fishes from the Puerto Rican plateau. Caribbean Journal of Science 40(1): 70-87. Desoutter, M. 1986. Soleidae. In: J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (Eds.). Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 430-431. Diouf, P.S.,1996. Les peuplements de poissons des milieux estuariens de l'Afrique de l'Ouest: L'exemple de l'estuaire hyperhalin du Sine-Saloum. Université de Montpellier II. Thèses et Documents Microfiches No.156. ORSTOM, Paris. 267 p. Doustdar, M.; Kaymaram, F.; Seifali, M.; Jamili, S. & Bani, A. 2017. Study on population structure of Arabian yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus arabicus) in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal 26(1): 10 p. (In Persian, English summary) Duncker, G. 1915. Revision der Syngnathidae. Erster Teil. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen (Zoologischen) Museum in Hamburg 32: 9-120. Eggleston, D. 1974. Priacanthidae. In: W. Fischer, P.J.P. Whitehead (Eds.). FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 57) and Western Central Pacific (Fishing Area 71), Volume 3. FAO, Rome. Eighani, M.; Daliri, M.; Paighambari, S.Y. & Alizadeh, E. 2013. Length-weight relationship and GSI index of smallhead hairtail, Eupleurogrammus muticus (Gray, 1831), northern Persian Gulf, Hormozgan coastal waters. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 2013: 1-2. Eighani, M.; Paighambari, S.Y.; Herrmann, B. & Feekings, J. 2018. Effect of bait type and size on catch efficiency of narrow-banded Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) in the Persian Gulf handline fisheries. Fisheries Research 199: 32-35. El-Agamy, A.E., 1989. Some observations on the biology of Parupeneus pleurotaenia (Fam. Mullidae) in the Arabian Gulf. Kuwait Bulletin of Marine Science 10: 187-199. Elst, R.van.der. 1993. A guide to the common sea fishes 146 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf of southern Africa. (3rd Ed.). Struik Publishers, Cape Town. 398 p. Emadi, H. & Ghasemi, P. 2007. Consumer’s guid in: distinguishing fish and shrimp, Elmiy-e-Abzian, Tehran. 251 p. Eschmeyer, W.N. 1997. A new species of Dactylopteridae (Pisces) from the Philippines and Australia, with a brief synopsis of the family. Bulletin of Marine Science 60(3): 727-738. Eschmeyer, W.N.; Hallacher, L.E. & Rama-Rao, K.V. 1979. The scorpionfish genus Minous (Scorpaenidae, Minoinae) including a new species from the Indian Ocean. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) 41(20): 453-473. Eschmeyer, W.N.; Herald, E.S. & Hammann, H. 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. 336 p. Eschmeyer, W.N. & Rama-Rao, K.V. 1973. Two new stonefishes (Pisces, Scorpaenidae) from the IndoWest Pacific, with a synopsis of the subfamily Synanceiinae. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) 39(18): 337-382. Esmaeili, H.R.; Masoudi, M. & Mehraban, H.R. 2014. Assignment of Acanthopagrus populations in the Persian Gulf drainage system of Iran to Acanthopagrus arabicus Iwatsuki, 2013 (Perciformes: Sparidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1(1): 23-28. Etessami, S. 1983. Hermaphroditism in one Sparidae of the Persian Gulf: Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (Forssk.). Cybium 7(2): 87-91. Fakhri, A.; Fekrandish H.; Pazira, A. & Rastgoo, A. 2015. Length-weight relationship and growth parameters of kingfish (Scomberomorus commerson) in the north of the Persian Gulf. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 2015: 1-5. FAO, Fisheries Department. 1994. World review of highly migratory species and straddling stocks. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. No. 337. Rome, FAO. 70 p. Fedorov, V.V.; Chereshnev, I.A.; Nazarkin, M.V.; Shestakov, A.V. & Volobuev, V.V. 2003. Catalog of marine and freswater fishes of the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2003. 204 p. Figueroa, D.E.; Díaz, de.; Astarloa, J.M. & Cousseau, M.B. 1992. Sobre la presencia de Fistularia petimba Lacépède, 1803 (Osteichthyes, Fistulariidae). Iheringia, Ser. Zool., Porto Alegre (73): 119-120. Figueiredo, J.L. & Menezes, N.A. 2000. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. VI.Teleostei (5). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Brazil. 116 p. Figueiredo, J.L.de.; dos-Santos, A.P.; Yamaguti, N.; Bernardes, R.A.; Del Bianco Rossi-Wongtschowski C.L. 2002. Peixes da zona econômica exclusiva da Região Sudeste-Sul do Brasil: Levantamento com Rede de Meia-Água. São-Paulo: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo; Imprensa Oficial do Estado. 242 p. Fischer, W.; Bauchot, M.L. & Schneider, M. 1987. Fiches FAO d'identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche. (Révision 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de Pêche 37. FAO, Rome. 1529 p. Fischer, W.; Sousa, I.; Silva, C.de.; Freitas, A.; Poutiers, J.M.; Schneider, W.; Borges, T.C.; Feral, J.P. & Massinga, A. 1990. Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p. Fischer, W. & Whitehead, P.J.P. 1974. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (fishing area 57) and Western Central Pacific (fishing area 71). Vols. 1-4. FAO, Rome. pag.var. Floeter, S.R.; Gasparini, J.L.; Rocha, L.A.; Ferreira, C.E.L.; Rangel, C.A. & Feitoza, B.M. 2003. Brazilian reef fish fauna: checklist and remarks (updated Jan. 2003). Brazilian Reef Fish Project: www.brazilianreeffish.cjb.net. Fowler, H.W. 1928. The fishes of Oceania. Mem. B.P. Bishop Museum (10): 1-540. Fowler, H.W. & Steinitz, H. 1956. Fishes from Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel and Oman. Bulletin of the Research Council 5B(3-4): 260-292. Francis, M.P. 1993. Checklist of the coastal fishes of Lord Howe, Norfolk, and Kermadec Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Pacific Scientific 47(2): 136-170. 147 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Francis, M.P.; Worthington, C.J.; Saul, P. & Clements, K.D. 1999. New and rare tropical and subtropical fishes from northern New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 33: 571586. Fraser, T.H. 2005. A review of the species in the Apogon fasciatus group with a description of a new species of cardinalfish from the Indo-West Pacific (Perciformes: Apogonidae). Zootaxa 924: 1-30. Fraser-Brunner, A. 1951. Some new blennioid fishes, with a key to the genus Antennablennius. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) 4(39)(21): 213-220. Freyhof, J.; Weissenbacher, A. & Geiger, M.F. 2017. Aphanius kruppi, a new killifish from Oman with comments on the A. dispar species group (Cyprinodontiformes: Aphaniidae). Zootaxa 4338(3): 557-573. Fricke, R. 1980. Neue Fundorte und noch nicht beschriebene Geschlechtsunterschiede einiger Arten der Gattung Callionymus (Pisces, Perciformes, Callionymidae), mit Bemerkungen zur Systematik innerhalb dieser Gattung und Beschreibung einer neuen Untergattung und einer neuen Art. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale `Giacomo Doria' 83: 57-105. Fricke, R. 1983. Revision of the Indo-Pacific genera and species of the dragonet family Callionymidae (Teleostei). J. Cramer, Braunschweig. Theses Zoologicae 3: 1-774. Fricke, R. 1984. Callionymidae. In: W. Fischer, G. Bianchi (Eds.). FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing area 51). Vol. 1, FAO, Rome. Fricke, R. 1986. Callionymidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra (Eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp: 770-774. Fricke, R. 1999. Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae 31: 759 p. Fricke, R. 2008. Authorship, availability and validity of fish names described by Peter (Pehr) Simon Forsskål and Johann Christian Fabricius in the 'Descriptiones animalium' by Carsten Niebuhr in 1775 (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 1: 1-76. Fricke, R. & Al-Hassan, L.A.J. 1995. Raja pita, a new species of skate from the Arabian/Persian Gulf (Elasmobranchii: Rajiformes). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie A (Biologie) 529: 1-8. Fricke, R.; Bogorodsky, S.V. & Mal, A.O. 2014. Review Diplogrammus (Teleostei: of the genus Callionymidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species from Saudi Arabia. Journal of Natural History 48(39-40): (1-30)2419-2448. Fricke, R.; Golani, D. & Appelbaum-Golani, B. 2012. First record of the Indian Ocean anchovy Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) in the Mediterranean. BioInvasions Records 1(4): 303-306. Fricke, R.; Golani, D. & Appelbaum-Golani, B. 2016. Diplodus levantinus (Teleostei: Sparidae), a new species of sea bream from the southeastern Mediterranean Sea of Israel, with a checklist and a key to the species of the Diplodus sargus species group. Scientia Marina 80(3): 1-16. Fricke, R.; Golani, D. & Appelbaum-Golani, B. 2017. Arnoglossus nigrofilamentosus n. sp., a new species of flounder (Teleostei: Bothidae) from off the Mediterranean coast of Israel, probably a new case of Lessepsian migration. Scientia Marina 81(4): 257265. Fricke, R.; Kulbicki, M. & Wantiez, L. 2011. Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4: 341-463. Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. & van der Laan, R. 2019. Eschmeyer's catalog of fishes: genera, species references. https://www.calacademy.org/scientists/ projects/eschmeyers (accessed 01.09 2019). Fritzsche, R.A. 1990. Fistulariidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 654-655. Fritzsche, R.A. & Schneider, M. 1995. Fistulariidae. Cornetas. In: W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. 148 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf pp: 1104-1105. Gallotti, A.M. 1971. Intorno all'identità di Upeneoides doriae Günther (Pisces Percoidei). Doriana 4(196): 13. Gao, G. 1991. Serranidae. In: J.-H. Pan, L. Zhong, C.-Y. Zheng, H.-L. Wu, J.-H. Liu (Eds.). 1991. The freshwater fishes of Guangdong Province. Guangdong Science and Technology Press, Guangzhou. pp: 363-371. Garrick, J.A.F. 1985. Additions to a revision of the shark genus Carcharhinus: synonymy of Aprionodon and Hypoprion, and description of a new species of Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 34. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. 26 p. Gell, F.R. & Whittington, M.W. 2002. Diversity of fishes in seagrass beds in the Quirimba Archipelago, northern Mozambique. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 53:115121. Ghadikolaei, H.A.; Owfi, F.; Gharra, K. & Hayatbakhsh, M. 2013. Morphology and Systematic review of Muraenidae in Iranian Museums of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea's waters. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 3: 412-417. Ghanbarifardi, M.; Aliabadian, M.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Polgar, G. 2014. Morphological divergence in the Walton's mudskipper, Periophthalmus waltoni Koumans, 1941, from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman (Gobioidei: Gobiidae). Zoology in the Middle East 60(2): 133-143. Ghanbarifardi, M. & Malek, M. 2007. Permanent intertidal fish from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 3: 1-14. Ghanbarifardi, M. & Malek, M. 2009. Distribution, diversity, and abundance of rocky intertidal fishes in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, Iran. Marine Biology Research 5: 496-502. Ghanbarzadeh, M.; Keivany, Y. & Soofiani, N.M. 2017. Population dynamics of the sparid fish, Argyrops spinifer (Teleostei: Sparidae) in coastal waters of the Persian Gulf. Iranian Journal of Technology Transfer Science 2017: 1-7. Ghanbarzadeh, M.; Soofiani, N.M.; Keivany, Y. &Taghavi-Motlagh, S.A. 2014. Use of otolith length and weight in age estimations of the kingsoldier bream, Argyrops spinifer, in the Persian Gulf. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1(1): 1-6. Ghaffari, H.; Sahafi, H.H.; Engelhard, G.H. & Babaei, M.M. 2015. Reproductive biology of largescale tonguesole Cynoglossus arel in coastal waters of Bandar Abbas, Persian Gulf, Iran. Animal Reproduction Science 154: 142-157. Gibbs, R.H.Jr. 1978. Exocoetidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 2. pag.var. Gill, A.C. 2004. Revision of the Indo-Pacific dottyback fish subfamily Pseudochrominae (Perciformes: Pseudochromidae). Smithiana Monographs 1: 1-213, pls. 1-12. Gill, A.C. & Mee, J.K.L. 1993. Notes on dottyback fishes of the genus Pseudochromis of Oman, with description of a new species (Perciformes: Pseudochromidae). Rev. Fr. Aquariol. 20(2): 53-60. Gill, A.C. & Randall, J.E. 1994. Xenisthmus balius, a new species of fish from the Persian Gulf. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 107: 445-450. Gloerfelt-Tarp, T. & Kailola, P.J. 1984. Trawled fishes of southern Indonesia and northwestern Australia. Australian Development Assistance Bureau, Australia, Directorate General of Fishes, Indonesia, and German Agency for Technical Cooperation, Federal Republic of Germany. 407 p. Golani, D. 1998. Distribution of Lessepsian migrant fish in the Mediterranean. Italian Journal of Zoology 65(Supplement): 95-99. Golani, D. 2000. First record of the bluespotted cornetfish from the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Fish Biology 56(6): 1545-1547. Golani, D. & Bogorodsky, S.V. 2010. The fishes of the Red Sea - reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa 2463: 1-135. Golani, D.; Fricke, R. & Tikochinski, Y. 2014. Sillago suezensis, a new whiting from the northern Red Sea, and the status of Sillago erythraea Cuvier (Teleostei: Sillaginidae). Journal of Natural History 48(7-8): 413-428. Golani, D.; Orsi Relini, L.; Massutí, E. & Quignard, J.P. 2002. CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the 149 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Mediterranean. Vol. 1. Fishes. F. Briand (ed.). CIESM Publishers, Monaco. 256 p. Golani, D. & Sonin, O. 1992. New records of the Red Sea fishes, Pterois miles (Scorpaenidae) and Pteragogus pelycus (Labridae) from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 39(2): 167-169. Golani, D. & Sonin, O. 2006. The Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus, a new Indo-Pacific fish in the Mediterranean. Journal of Fish Biology 68: 940-943. Gomon, M.F. 2017. A review of the tuskfishes, genus Choerodon (Labridae, Perciformes), with descriptions of three new species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 76: 1-111. Gomon, M.F. & Randall, J.E. 1984. Labridae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean Fishing Area 51. Vol. 2. Gon, O. 1986a. Apogonidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra (Eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp: 546-561. Gon, O. 1986b. Apogon bifasciatus Rüppell 1838, a junior synonym of Apogon taeniatus Ehrenberg 1828, and description of Apogon pseudotaeniatus n. sp. (Pisces: Apogonidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 67(1/3): 5-17. Gon, O. 1993. Revision of the cardinalfish genus Cheilodipterus (Perciformes: Apogonidae), with description of five new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes (22): 59 p. Gon, O. 1997. Revision of the cardinalfish subgenus Jaydia (Perciformes, Apogonidae, Apogon). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 51: 147-194. Gon, O. 2000. The taxonomic status of the cardinalfish species Apogon niger, A. nigripinnis, A. pharaonis, A. sialis, and related species (Perciformes: Apogonidae). The J.L.B Smith Institute of Ichthyology Special Publication 65: 1-20. Gon, O. & Allen, G.R. 2012. Revision of the IndoPacific cardinalfish genus Siphamia. Zootaxa 3294(3294): 1-84. Gon, O. & Randall, J.E. 2003. Revision of the IndoPacific cardinalfish genus Archamia (Perciformes: Apogonidae), with description of a new species. Indo- Pacific Fishes 35: 1-49. Goren, M. & Dor, M. 1994. An updated checklist of the fishes of the Red Sea (CLOFRES II). The Academy of Sciences and Humanities. 120 p. Goren, M. & Aronov, A. 2002. First record of the IndoPacific parrot fish Scarus ghobban in the Eastern Mediterranean. Cybium 26(3): 239-240. Grandcourt, E.M.; Al Abdessalaam, T.Z.; Al Shamsi, A.T. & Francis, F. 2006a. Biology and assessment of the painted sweetlips (Diagramma pictum (Thunberg, 1792) and the spangled emperor (Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775)) in the southern Arabian Gulf. Fishery Bulletin 104(1): 75-88. Grandcourt, E.M.; Al Abdessalaam, T.Z. & Francis, F. 2006b. Age, growth, mortality and reproduction of the blackspot snapper, Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775), in the southern Persian Gulf. Fisheries Research 78(2-3): 203-210. Grandcourt, E.M.; Al Abdessalaam, T.Z.; Francis, F. & Al Shamsi, A.T. 2004. Population biology and assessment of representatives of the family Carangidae Carangoides bajad and Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål, 1775), in the southern Arabian Gulf. Fisheries Research 69: 331-341. Grandcourt, E.M.; Al Abdessalaam, T.Z.; Francis, F. & Al Shamsi, A.T. 2006c. Fisheries biology of a shortlived tropical species: Gerres longirostris (Lacépède, 1801) in the Arabian Gulf. ICES Journal of Marine Science 63: 452-459. Greenfield, D.W. 2001. Revision of the Apogon erythrinus complex (Teleostei: Apogonidae). Copeia 2001(2): 459-472. Greenfield, D.W. 2012. Colletteichthys occidentalis, a new toadfish species from the Arabian Peninsula and northern Arabian Sea (Teleostei: Batrachoididae). Zootaxa 3165: 64-68. Greenfield, D.W. & Winterbottom, R. 2016. A key to the dwarfgoby species (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Eviota) described between 1871 and 2016. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation 24: 35-90. Griffiths, M.H. & Heemstra, P.C. 1995. A contribution to the taxonomy of the marine fish genus Argyrosomus (Perciformes: Sciaenidae), with descriptions of two new species from southern Africa. Ichthyol. Bull., J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol. No. 65. 40 p. 150 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf gloria from the Persian Gulf, Red Sea and Grove, J.S. & Lavenberg, R.J. 1997. The fishes of the Galápagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford. 863 p. Günther, A.C.L.G. 1869. Descriptions of two new species of fishes discovered by the Marquis J. Doria. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) 3(18)(55): 444-445. Halstead, B.W. 1980. Dangerous marine animals. Cornell Maritime Press, Inc., Maryland, U.S.A. Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. & Quéro, J.C. 1990. Balistidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 1055-1060. Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. & Quéro, J.C. 1990. Monacanthidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 1061-1066. Harold, A.S. & Golani, D. 2016. Occurrence of the smallscale codlet, Bregmaceros nectabanus in the Mediterranean Sea, previously misidentified as B. atlanticus in this region. Marine Biodiversity Records 9: 1-7. Harrison, I.J.; Miller, P.J. & Pezold, F. 2003. Gobiidae. In: C. Lévêque, D. Paugy, G.G. Teugels (Eds.). Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. pp: 625-666 Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1997. Order Mugiliformes. Mugilidae. Mullets. In: K.E. Carpenter, V.H. Niem (Eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. pp: 20692108. Haseli, M.; Malek, M.; Valinasab, T. & Palm, H.W. 2010. Trypanorhynch cestodes of teleost fish from the Persian Gulf, Iran. Journal of Helminthology 1-10. Hata, H. & Motomura, H. 2016. Two new species of the genus Encrasicholina (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae): E. intermedia from the western Indian Ocean and E. Mediterranean. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 7988. Heemstra, P.C. 1984. Monodactylidae. In: W. Fischer, G. Bianchi (Eds.). FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 3. FAO, Rome. [pag. var.]. Heemstra, P.C. 1986. Sciaenidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra (Eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp: 616-619. Heemstra, P.C. 1995. Additions and corrections for the 1995 impression. In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra (Eds.). Revised Edition of Smiths' Sea Fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp: v-xv. Heemstra, P.C. & Akhilesh, K.V. 2012. A review of the anthiine fish genus Pseudanthias (Perciformes: Serranidae) of the western Indian Ocean, with description of a new species and a key to the species. Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology 18(3): 121-164. Heemstra, P.C. & Randall, J.E. 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16): 382 p. Hensley, D.A. 1986. Bothidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra (Eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp: 854-863. Hensley, D.A. & Amaoka, K. 2001. Bothidae. Lefteye flounders. In: K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. pp: 3799-3841. Herre, A.W.C.T. 1953. Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv., (20): 977 p. Hoese D.F. 1986. Gobiidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra (Eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp: 774-807. Hoese, D.F. & Larson, H.K. 1994. Revision of the IndoPacific gobiid fish genus Valenciennea, with descriptions of seven new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes 23: 1-71. Holleman, W. 2005. A review of the triplefin fish genus 151 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Enneapterygius (Blennioidei: Tripterygidae) in the western Indian Ocean, with descriptions of four new species. Smithiana, Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity, Bulletin 5: 1-25. Holly, M. 1929. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Fischfauna Persiens. Zoologischer Anzeiger 85(5-8): 183-185. Hosseini, S.H.; Alinezhad, S.; Mobedi, I.; Halahian, A.; Karimi, E.; Ahoo M.B. & Yasemi, M. 2013. Study on the parasites of Pseudorhombus elevatus, Psettodes erumei and Brachirus orientalis from the Persian Gulf, Iran. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Science 12(4): 827-835. Hoveizavi, S.; Doustshenas, B.; Eskandari, G.; Savari, A.; Mohammadasgari, H. & Jamali, H. 2016. Lengthweight relationships for eight species of by-catch and discard fishes in the fishing grounds of Khuzestan coastal waters (northwest Persian Gulf). Advances in Bioresearch 7(3): 71-72. Humann, P. & Deloach, N. 1993. Reef fish identification. Galápagos. New World Publications, Inc., Florida. 267 p. Humann, P. 1994. Reef fish identification: Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas. New World Publications, Jacksonville, Florida. 426 p. Hureau, J.C. 1991. La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. In: Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. pp: 225227. Hussain, N.A.; Ali, T.S. & Naama, A.K. 1994. The effect of a heavy river flood on the fish assemblage structure in Khor Al-Zubair, northwestern Arabian Gulf, Iraq. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 24(2): 25-34. Hussain, N.A.; Mohamed, A.R.M. & Yabir, A.A. 2004. Some biological aspects of wolf herring, Chirocentrus nudus, from the Shatt Al-Arab Eastuary, Northwest Arabian Gulf. Marina Mesopotamica 19(2): 189-198. Hussain, N.A.; Mohamed, A.R.M.; Younis, K.H. & Mutlak, F.M. 1999. The biology of Bathygobius fuscus (Ruppell) at the intertidal mudflats of Khor AlZubair Lagoon North West Persian Gulf. Marina Mesopotamica 14(1): 119-132. Hussain, N.A.; Mohamed, A.R.M.; Younis, K.H. & Mutlak, F.M. 2001. Biology of juveniles and immature Acanthopagrus latus in tidal pools of Khor Al-Zubair Lagoon, Iraq. Marina Mesopotamica 16(1): 59-68. Hussain, N.A.; Naiama, A.K. & Al-Hassan, L.A.J. 1988. Annotated check list of the fish fauna of Khor AlZubair, north west of the Arabian Gulf, Iraq. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 18: 17-24. Hussain, S. & Jawad, L.A. 2014. First records of Opisthognathus muscatensis Boulenger, 1888 (Opisthognathidae), Trachinotus baillonii (Lacepède, 1801), and Atrobucca nibe (Jordan & Thompson, 1911) (Sciaenidae) off the Iraq coast, Arabian Gulf. International Journal of Marine Science 4(28): 253258. Hussein, S.A.; Mohamed, A.R.M. & Jabir, A.A. 2002. Composition and seasonal variations in diet of young Polydactylus sextarius (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) from Iraqi marine waters, North West Persian Gulf. Marina Mesopotamica 17(1): 89-100. Hutchins, J.B. 1984. Monacanthidae. In: W. Fischer, G. Bianchi (Eds.). FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 3. FAO, Rome. pag. var. Hutchins, J.B. 1986. Monacanthidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra (Eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. SpringerVerlag, Berlin. pp: 882-887. Hutchins, J.B. 1997. Review of the monacanthid fish genus Paramonacanthus, with descriptions of three new species. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 54: 1-57. Inoue, T. & Nakabo, T. 2006. The Saurida undosquamis group (Aulopiformes: Synodontidae), with description of a new species from southern Japan. Ichthyological Research 53(4): 379-397. Ishihara, H.; Taniuchi, T.; Tanaka, S. & Srivastava, M.P. 1998. Investigation of the freshwater elasmobranchs in the River Ganges. In: Adaptability and conservation of freshwater elasmobranchs. Report of Research Project, Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research (Field Research) in the financial year of 1996 and 1997. pp: 41-55. Ismail, W.A. & Clayton, D.A. 1990. Biology of Omobranchus punctatus (Blenniidae) on rocky shores of Kuwait. Cybium 14(4): 285-293. IUCN, 2017. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017-1. Downloaded on 18 May 2017. 152 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Iwatsuki, Y. 2013. Review of the Acanthopagrus latus complex (Perciformes: Sparidae) with descriptions of three new species from the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Journal of Fish Biology 83(1): 64-95. Iwatsuki, Y.; Bogorodsky, S.V.; Tanaka, F.; Mal, A.O. & Ali, A.H. 2015. Range extension of Gerres infasciatus (Perciformes: Gerreidae) from the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, with distributional implications for the G. filamentosus complex. Cybium 39(2):155-160. Iwatsuki, Y.; Bogorotsky, S.V.; Tanaka, F.; Mal, A.O. & Ali, A.H. 2015. Range extension of Gerres infasciatus (Perciformes: Gerreidae) from the Rd Sea and the Arabian Gulf, with distributional implications for the G. filamentosus complex. Cybium 39(2): 155-160. Iwatsuki, Y. & Carpenter, K.E. 2009. Acanthopagrus randalli (Perciformes: Sparidae), a new black seabream from the Persian Gulf. Zootaxa 2267: 4354. Iwatsuki, Y.; Kume, M. & Yoshino, T. 2010. A new species, Acanthopagrus pacificus from the Western Pacific (Pisces, Sparidae). Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series A 36(4): 115130. Iwatsuki, Y. & Maclaine, J. 2013. Validity of Crenidens macracanthus Günther 1874 (Pisces: Sparidae) from Chennai (Madras), India, with taxonomic statuses of the congeners. Ichthyological Research 60(3): 241248. Jabado, R.W. 2018. The fate of the most threatened order of elasmobranchs: Shark-like batoides (Rhinopristiformes) in the Arabian Sea and asjacent waters. Fisheries Research 204: 448-457. Jabado, R.W.; Al-Baharna, R.A.; Al-Ali, S.R.; AlSuwaidi, K.O.; Al-Blooshi, A.Y. & Al-Dhaheri, S. S. 2017. Is this the last stand of the critically endangered green sawfish Pristis zijsron in the Arabian Gulf? Endangered Species Research 32: 265-275. Jabado, R.W.; Al Ghais, S.M.; Hamza, W.; Henderson, A.C. & Ahmad, M.A. 2013. First record of the sand tiger shark, Carcharias taurus, from United Arab Emirate waters. Marine Biodiversity Records 6(e27): 1-4. Jabado, R.W.; Al Ghais, S.M.; Hamza, W.; Henderson, A.C. & Al Mesafri, A.A. 2015a. Diet of two commercially important shark species in the United Arab Emirates: milk shark, Rhizoprionodon acutus (Rüppell, 1837), and slit.-eye shark, Loxodon macrorhinus (Müller & Henle, 1839). Journal of Applied Ichthyology 2015: 1-6. Jabado, R.W.; Al Ghais, S.M.; Hamza, W.; Henderson, A.C.; Spaet, J.L.Y.; Shivji, M.S. & Hanner, R.H. 2015b. The trade in sharks and their products in the United Arab Emirates. Biological Conservation 181: 190-198. Jabado, R.W.; Al Ghais, S.M.; Hamza, W.; Shivji, M.S. & Henderson, A.C. 2014. Shark diversity in the Arabian/Persian Gulf higher than previously thought: insights based on species composition of shark landings in the United Arab Emirates. Marine Biodiversity, 45(4): 719-731. Jabado, R.W. & Ebert, D.A. 2015. Sharks of Arabian seas: an identification guide. IFAW, Dubai. 240 p. Japan International Cooperation Agency. 1987. The fisheries resources survey in Fiji and Tuvalu. Figures and tables. Japan International Cooperation Agency, April 1987. Jawad, L.A. 2013. Confirmed record of Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758 (Family Monodactylidae) from Jubail, Saudi Arabia, Persian Gulf. Arxius de Miscellània Zoològica 11: 158-162. Jawad, L.A. 2014. Caudal fin deformity in the wild silver pomfret Pampus argenteus collected from the Arabian Gulf coasts of Oman. International Journal of Marine Science 4(38): 1-4. Jawad, L.A. 2016a. Acanthotoxic (venomous) fishes from the coastal area of Iraq, north-western Arabian Gulf - some notes on the injuries that they cause to locals. In: E.K. Martinez (Ed.). Coastal fishes: habitat, behavior and conservation. Nova, New York. pp: 163-191. Jawad, L.A. 2016b. Coastal fishes of Iraq: a potential clupeotoxin and scombrotoxin contributors. In: E.K. Martinez (Ed.). Coastal fishes: habitat, behavior and conservation. Nova, New York. pp: 219-236. Jawad, L.A. 2016c. Penetrating injury incidences caused by needlefish species in the coastal area of Iraq, northwest Arabian Gulf In: E.K. Martinez (Ed.):. Coastal fishes: habitat, behavior and conservation. Nova, New York. pp: 237-248. Jawad, L.A. 2017. Dangerous fishes of the eastern and southern Arabian Peninsula. Springer, Cham (for 153 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 2018). 323 p. Jawad, L.A. & Al-Badri, M.E. 2014. Lophiomus setigerus (Vahl, 1797), Nemipterus zysron (Bleeker, 1856), and Parascolopsis eriomma (Jordan & Richardson, 1909) (Osteichthys: Lophiidae and Nemipteridae) in the marine waters off Iraq. Zoology in the Middle East 60(2): 186-188. Jawad, L.A. & Al-Badri, M.E. 2015. Bodianus macrognathos (Teleostei: Labridae), Coris nigrotaenia (Teleostei: Labridae) and Bothus pantherinus (Teleostei: Bothidae) in the Iraqi marine waters. North-Western Journal of Zoology 11(2): 347-350. Jawad, L.A.; Al-Badri, M.E. & Fricke, R. 2014a. New records of thicklips and grunts from the marine waters of Iraq (Teleostei: Haemulidae). Journal of the Ocean Sciense Foundation 12: 18-24. Jawad, L.A.; Al-Mukhtar, M.A.; Al-Faisal, A.J. & Hammed, T. 2014b. New Record of Neobythites steatiticus Alcock, 1894 (Actinopterygii: Ophidiidae) from the marine waters of Iraq. International Journal of Marine Science 4: 1-3. Jawad, L.A.; Al-Mukhtar, M.; Al-Hilali, H.I.; Al-Faisal, A.J. & Al-Derawi, A.M. 2014c. Occurrence of pineconefish Monocentris japonica (Teleostei: Monocentridae) in the marina waters of Iraq. Marine Biodiversity Records 7(e102): 1-3. Jawad, L.A.; Al-Mukhtar, M. & Faddagh, M.S. 2014d. Confirmation of the presence of Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Chaetodontidae) and Pomacanthus maculosus (Forsskål, 1775) (Pomacanthidae) in Iraqi marine waters, Persian Gulf. Arxius de Miscel•lània Zoològica 12: 124-129. Jawad, L.A. & Bannai, M. 2014. Characterization of hyperostosis in Platax teira (Forsskål, 1775) collected from marine water of Iraq, North West Arabian Gulf. Sky Journal of Agricultural Research 3(6): 109-111. Jawad, L.A. & Hussain, S. 2014. First record of Antennarius indicus (Pisces: Batrachoidiformes: Equulites elongatus (Pisces: Antennaridae), Perciformes: Leiognathidae) and second record of Cheilinus lunulatus (Pisces: Perciformes: Labridae) from the Marine Waters of Iraq. International Journal of Marine Science 4(40): 1-5. Jawad, L.A.; Hussein, S.A. & Bulbi, F. 2011. Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) (Tetraodontiformes, Molidae): a rare fish in marine waters of Iraq. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27: 1116-1118. Jawad, L.A. & Ibrahim, M. 2013. Confirmed record of whitebarred rubberlip, Plectorhinchus playfairi (Pellegrin, 1914) (Pisces: Haemulidae) from Jubail, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf. International Journal of Marine Science 4(21): 194-196. Jawad, L.A. & Ibrahim, M. 2014. A reported case of malpigmentation in the pearl spotted rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus (Park, 1797) (family: Siganidae) obtained from Jubail area, Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. Bollettino del Museo di Storia Naturale di Verona, Botania Zoologia 38: 189-192. Jawad, L.A. & Ibrahim, M. 2017a. Partial and hypermelanic pigmentation in fishes of the family Carangidae collected from Jubail area, Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. Regional Studies in Marine Science 16: 249-253. Jawad, L.A. & Ibrahim, M. 2017b. On some cases of fish anomalies in fishes from the Port of Jubail, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf. International Journal of Marine Science 7(20): 188-199. Jawad, L.A. & Ibrahim, M. 2018a. Environmental oil pollution: a possible cause for the incidence of ankylosis, kyphosis, lordosis and scoliosis in five fish species collected from the viocinity of Jubail City, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf. International Journal of Environmental Studies 2018: 1-18. Jawad, L.A. & Ibrahim, M. 2018b. Partial xanthism and xanthic phenotype in two fish species from Jubail City, Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 59: 37-42. Jawad, L.A. & Ibrahim, M. 2018c. First records of anal fin deformity in fishes collecte from Jubail City, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf. Thalassas 2018: 1-8. Jawad, L.A.; Louisy, P. & Al-Mamry, J.M. 2010. First record of Enneapterygius pusillus (Tripterygiidae) in the Oman Sea (Gulf of Oman). Cybium 34: 399-400. Jawad, L.A.; Nithyanandan, M.; Raja, D.K.; Kesavan, R. & Pereira, D. 2015. First record of the pixie triplefin Enneapterygius pusillus (Pisces: Tripterygiidae) and confirmation of the presence of cheekspot blenny Parablennius opercularis (Blenniidae) in the north Persian Gulf. Marine Biodiversity Records 8: 1-4. Jawad, L.A. & Sadighzadeh, Z. 2012. Otolith mass asymmetry in three pelagic fish species collected 154 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf species of Trichonotus (Perciformes: Trichonotidae) from Somalia and redescription of Trichonotus cyclograptus (Alcock, 1890) with designation of a lectotype. Zootaxa 3565: 31-43. Kazemian, M.; Owfi, F. & Ghadikolaie, H.A. 2008. Study on systematic and taxonomic of Anguilliformes order in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea's Iranian waters. PhD Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. 180 p. Ketabi, R.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Echreshavi, S. & Jamili, S. 2017. A note on the cinnabar goatfish, Parupeneus heptacanthus (Lacepède, 1802) from northern parts of the Persian Gulf and the Makran Sea (Teleostei: Mullidae). FishTaxa 2(4): 195-200. Khalaf, K.T. 1961. The marine and fresh water fishes of Iraq. Ar-Rabitta Press, Baghdad. 164 p. Kim, M.J.; Kim, B.Y.; Kim, J.S. & Song, C.B. 2012. Two unrecorded species of the snapper (Perciformes) from the Gulf. Fauna of Arabia 18: 323-335. Kimura S.; Kimura, R. & Ikejima, K. 2008. Revision of the genus Nuchequula with descriptions of three new species (Perciformes: Leiognathidae). Ichthyological Research 55(1): 22-42. Klausewitz, W. 1969. Pomacanthus maculosus (Forskal) und Zebrasoma xanthurum (Blyth), zwei Neunachweise für den Persischen Golf (Pisces, Teleostei, Pomacanthidae und Acanthuridae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 50(1-2): 47-48. Klausewitz, W. 1994. Comparative studies on the vertical distribution of bathybenthic deep-sea fishes of the Red Sea. Proc. IPFC 4: 462-468. Knapp, L.W. 1984. Platycephalidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 3. FAO, Rome. pag. var. Koochaknejad, E. 2011. (First reported occurrence of Tanzania laevis in the Persian Gulf). Pers. Comm. by Emad Koochaknejad (Email: siarc@ifro.ir), South Iran Aquaculture Research center (SIARC), 20 Feb. 2011. Kottelat, M.; Whitten, A.J.; Kartikasari, S.N. & Wirjoatmodjo, S. 1993. Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 221 p. Koumans, F.P. 1941. Gobioid fishes of India. Memoirs from the Persian Gulf near Bandar Abbas. Water Research and Management 2(2): 61-66. Jawad, L.A.; Sadighzadeh, Z.; Salarpouri, A. & Aghouzbeni, S. 2013. Anal fin deformity in the longfin trevally, Carangoides armatus (Rüppell 1830) collected from Nayband, Persian Gulf. Korean Journal of Ichthyology 25(3): 169-172. Johnson, M.S.; Hebbert, D.R. & Moran, M.J. 1993. Genetic analysis of populations of north-western Australian fish species. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44(5):673-685. Jonathan, K.L.Mee. 1996. A review and key to the apogonid fishes (Pisces: Perciformes) of the Northwestern Arabian Sea and Southern Gulf of Oman, with description of two new species. Oregon State University, Master of Science thesis. Jonathan, K.L.M. 1996. Apogon dhofar, a new cardinalfish (Perciformes: Apogonidae) from the northwestern Indian Ocean. Journal of South Asian Natural History 2: 103-112. Kailola, P.J. 1987. The fishes of Papua New Guinea: a revised and annotated checklist. Vol. II Scorpaenidae to Callionymidae. Research Bulletin No. 41, Research Section, Dept. of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Papua New Guinea. Kailola, P.J. 1991. The fishes of Papua New Guinea: a revised and annotated checklist. Vol. III. Gobiidae to Molidae. Research Bulletin No. 41, Research Section, Dept. of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Papua New Guinea. 153 p. Kailola, P.J.; Williams, M.J.; Stewart, P.C.; Reichelt, R.E.; McNee, A. & Grieve, C. 1993. Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. Kami,. H.T. 1971. Check-list of Guam fishes, supplement I. Micronesica 7(1-2): 215-228. Kami, H.T. 1975. Check-list of Guam fishes, supplement II. Micronesica 11(1): 115-121. Kapoor, D.; Dayal, R. & Ponniah, A.G. 2002. Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, India.775 p. Katayama, E. & Endo, H. 2010. Redescription of a sanddiver, Trichonotus blochii (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Trichonotidae), with confimation of its validity. Species Diversity 15(1): 1-10. Katayama, E.; Motomura, H. & Endo, H. 2012. A new 155 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 of the Indian Museum 13(3): 205-329. Koumans, F.P. 1953. Gobioidea. In M. Weber and L. de Beaufort (eds.) Fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago, Vol. 10. E.J. Brill, Leiden. 423 p. Kousha, A.; Askarian, F.; Ghate, H.V.; Emadi, H. & Wosoughi, G. 2008. Case report of Cynoglossus persicus (Persian tonguefish) - a new species record of flat fish (Cynoglossidae) from Iran seacoast. World Journal of Zoology 3: 81-82. Kovačić, M.; Bogorodsky, S.V. & Mal, A.O. 2014. Two new species of Coryogalops (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from the Red Sea. Zootaxa 3881(6): 513-531. Kovačić, M.; Bogorodsky, S.V. & Mal, A.O. 2016. A new species of Coryogalops (Perciformes: Gobiidae) and the first adult record of Feia nympha from the Red Sea. Zootaxa 4097(3): 341-352. Kovaçiç, M. & Golani, D. 2007. First record of Papillogobius melanobranchus in the Mediterranean Sea and new data on geographic distributions, bathymetric ranges and morphology of several small benthic fishes in the Levant. Cybium 31(4): 417-425. Krishna, N.M.; Rao, G.V. & Rabu, R.L. 2016. First record of spotfin cardinalfish Jaydia queketti (Gilchrist, 1903) (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Apogonidae), from Visakhapatnam, Middle East coast of India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture 6(2): 64-67. Krupp, F. 1991. Die Fauna des Persisch/Arabischen Golfes und seiner Küsten. Natur und Museum 121(4): 97-110. Krupp, F.; Almarri, M.; Zajonz, U.; Carpenter, K.; Almatar, S. & Zetzsche, H. 2000. Twelve new records of fishes from the Gulf. Fauna of Arabia 18: 323-335. Krupp, F. & Müller, T. 1994. The status of fish populations in the northern Persian Gulf two years after the 1991 Gulf War oil spill. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 166: 67-75. Kuiter, R.H. 1992. Tropical reef-fishes of the western Pacific Indonesia and adjacent waters. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta. 314 p. Kulbicki, M.; Mou-Tham, G.; Thollot, P. & Wantiez, L. 1993. Length-weight relationships of fish from the lagoon of New Caledonia. Naga ICLARM Q 16(2-3): 26-29. Kuronuma, K. & Abe, Y. 1972. Fishes of Kuwait. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City. 123 p. Kuronuma, K. & Abe, Y. 1986. Fishes of Kuwait. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City. 357 p. Lachner, E.A. 1951. Studies of certain apogonid fishes from the Indo-Pacific, with descriptions of three new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 101(3290): 581-610. Lachner, E.A. 1954. A revision of the goatfish genus Upeneus with descriptions of two new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 103(3330): 497-532. Lachner, E.A. 1986. Echeneididae. In: P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, E. Tortonese (Eds.). Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3. pp: 13291334. Lachner, E.A. & McKinney, J.F. 1978. A revision of the Indo-Pacific fish genus Gobiopsis with descriptions of four new species (Pisces: Gobiidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 262: 1-52. Lal-Mohan, R.S. 1984. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome. pag. var. Lane, W.H. 1916. The game fishes of the Persian Gulf. Part I. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 24(4): 722-748. Lane, W.H. 1917. The game fishes of the Persian Gulf. Part II. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 25(1): 121-135. Lanfranco, G.G. 1996. The fish around Malta (Central Mediterranean). Progress Press Co. Ltd. (Malta). 132 p. Larson, H.K. & Buckle, D.J. 2012. A revision of the goby genus Gnatholepis Bleeker (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Gobionellinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 3529: 1-69. Last, P.R.; Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M. & Moore, A.B.M. 2012. Himantura randalli sp. nov., a new whipray (Myliobatoidea: Dasyatidae) from the Persian Gulf. Zootaxa 3327: 20-32. Last, P.R.; Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M.; Naylor, G.J.P. & White, W.T. 2016a. 25. Stingrays. Family Dasyatidae. In: P.R. Last, W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann, G.J.P. Naylor 156 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf (Eds.). Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. pp: 522-618. Last, P.R.; Séret, B.; Stehmann, M.F.W. & Weigmann, S. 2016b. 19. Skates. Family Rajidae. In: P. R. Last, W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann, G.J.P. Naylor (Eds.). Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. pp: 204-363. Last, P.R. & Stevens, J.D. 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. Last, P.R.; White, W.T. & Jones, C.M. 2016c. 32. Cownose Rays. Family Rhinopteridae. In: P.R. Last, W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann, G.J.P. Naylor (Eds.). Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London: pp: 732-740. Last, P.R.; White, W.T. & Naylor, G.J.P. 2016d. 8. Sawfishes. Family Pristidae. In: P.R. Last, W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann, G.J.P. Naylor (Eds.). Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. pp: 58-64. Last, P. R., White, W.T. & Séret, B. 2016e. 9. Wedgefishes. Family Rhinidae. In: P.R. Last, W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann, G.J.P. Naylor (Eds.). Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. pp: 65-76. Lee, J.U. & Al-Baz, A.F. 1989. Assessment of fish stocks exploited by fish traps in the Arabian Gulf area. Asian Fisheries Science 2(2): 213-231. Leis, J.M. 1986. Diodontidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra (Eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp: 903-907. Leis, J.M. 2001. Diodontidae. Porcupine fishes (burrfishes). In: K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. pp: 3958-3965. Letourneur, Y.; Kulbicki, M. & Labrosse, P. 1998. Length-weight relationships of fish from coral reefs and lagoons of New Caledonia, southwestern Pacific Ocean: an update. Naga ICLARM Q 21(4):39-46. Letourneur, Y.; Chabanet, P.; Durville, P.; Taquet, M.; Teissier, E.; Parmentier, M.; Quéro, J.-C. & Pothin, K. 2004. An updated checklist of the marine fish fauna of Reunion Island, south-western Indian Ocean. Cybium 28(3):199-216. Lewis, A.D. & Pring, C.K. 1986. Freshwater and brackishwater fish and fisheries of Fiji. In: T. Petr (Ed.). Reports and papers presented at the IndoPacific Fishery Commission Expert Consultation on inland fisheries of the larger Indo-Pacific islands. Bangkok, Thailand, 4-6 August 1986. FAO Fish. Rep. pp: 38-59. Lieske, E. & Myers, R. 1994. Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers. 400 p. Lourie, S.A.; Foster, S.J.; Cooper, W.T. & Vincent, A.C.J. 2004. A guide to the identification of seahorses. Vancouver. 114 p. Lourie, S.A.; Pollom, R.A. & Foster, S.J. 2016. A global revision of the seahorses Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1): 1-66. Lourie, S.A.; Vincent, A.C.J. & Hall, H.J. 1999. Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. Lubbock, R. 1975. Fishes of the family Pseudochromidae (Perciformes) in the northwest Indian Ocean and Red Sea. Journal of Zoology (London) 176(1): 115-157. Lubbock, R. 1977. Fishes of the family Pseudochromidae (Perciformes) in the western Indian Ocean. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 35: 1-28. Lubbock, R. & Edwards, A. 1981. The fishes of Saint Paul's Rocks. Journal of Fish Biology 18:135-157. Magoulas, A.; Sophronides, K.; Patarnello, T.; Hatzilaris, E. & Zouros, E. 1995. Mitochondrial DNA variation in an experimental stock of Gilthead Sea bream (Sparus aurata). Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 4(2): 110-116. Mahdi, N. 1950. Fishes of Iraq. Baghdad. 82 p. Mahdi, N. & Georg, P.V. 1969. Pisces. (Pp. 1-25). In: A systematic list of the vertebrates of Iraq. Pisces. University of Baghdad, Iraq Natural History 157 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Museum, Publication 26: 1-100. Maigret, J. & Ly, B. 1986. Les poissons de mer de Mauritanie. Science Nat., Compiègne. 213 p. Marquet, G. 1993. Etude biogeographique de la faune d'eau douce de Polynesie Francaise. Biogeographica 69(4): 157-170. Masuda, H.; Amaoka, K.; Araga, C.; Uyeno, T. & Yoshino, T. 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. Masuda, H.; Araga, C. & Yoshino, T. 1975. Coastal fishes of southern Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 382 p. Maugé, L.A. 1986. Gobiidae. In: J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (Eds.). Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 358-388. McCosker, J.E. & Rosenblatt, R.H. 1995. Muraenidae. Morenas. In: W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. pp: 1303-1315. McEachran, J.D. & Capapé, C. 1984. Rhinopteridae. In: P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, E. Tortonese (Eds.). Fishes of the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. pp: 208-209. McKay, R.J. 1984. Haemulidae. In: W. Fischer, G. Bianchi (Eds.). FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pag. var. McKay, R.J. 1985. A revision of the fishes of the family Sillaginidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 22(1): 1-73. McKay, R.J. 1992. Sillaginid fishes of the world. (Family Sillaginidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the Sillago, Smelt or Indo-Pacific whiting species known to date. FAO Species Catalogue. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) Fisheries Synopsis 125(14): 187. McKay, R.J. & McCarthy, L.J. 1989. A revision of the sillaginid fishes of the Arabian Gulf with a description of Sillago arabica new species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 27(2): 551-553. Menni, R.C. & Lucifora, L.O. 2007. Condrictios de la Argentina y Uruguay. ProBiota, FCNyM, UNLP, Serie Técnica-Didáctica, La Plata, Argentina 11: 115. Menon, A.G.K. 1977. A systematic monograph of the tongue soles of the genus Cynoglossus HamiltonBuchanan (Pisces: Cynoglossidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 238: 1-129. Menon, M.A.S. 1960. On a third collection of fish from Iraq. Records of the Indian Museum 54 (3-4): 139158. Miller, P.J. 1990. Periophthalmidae. In: J.C. Quéro, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 958-959. Misra, K.S. 1947. On a second collection of fish from Iraq. Records of the Indian Museum 45: 115-127. Moazzam, M. & Osmany, H.B. 2014. Occurrence of sawfish (family: Pristidae) Pakistan. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 11(1): 97-102. Mohamed, A.R.M.; Hussein, S.A. & Abood, A.N. 2016. Occurrence of Speigler's mullet, Osteomugil speigleri (Bleeker, 1858) in the Iraqi marine waters, Northwest Arabian Gulf. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences 4(4): 824-832. Mohsin, A.K.M.; Ambak, M.A. & Salam, M.N.A. 1993. Malay, English, and scientific names of the fishes of Malaysia. Occas. Publ. Fac. Fish. Mar. Sci. Univ. Pertanian Malays 11: 226 p. Møller, P.R. & Schwarzhans, W. 2008. Review of the Dinematichthyini (Teleostei: Bythitidae) of the IndoPacific. Part IV. Dinematichthys and two new genera with descriptions of nine new species. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 24: 87-146. Monkolprasit, S.; Sontirat, S.; Vimollohakarn, S. & Songsirikul, T. 1997. Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Thailand. 353 p. Moore, A.B.M. 2011. Elasmobranchs of the Persian (Arabian) Gulf: ecology, human aspects and research priorities for their improved management. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 22: 35-61. Moore, A.B.M.; Compagno, L.J.V. & Fergusson, I.K. 158 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf 2007. The Persian Gulf’s sole great white shark Carcharodon carcharias (Lamniformes: Lamnidae) record from Kuwait: misidentification of a sandtiger Carcharias taurus (Lamniformes: shark Odontaspididae). Zootaxa 1591: 67-68. Moore, A.B.M.; Henderson, A.C.; Farrell, E.D. & Weekes, L.B. 2016. Biological data from a datadeficient shark: the Arabian smoothhound Mustelus mosis (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae). Journal of Fish Biology 88: 2303-2307. Moore, A.B.M.; McCarthy, I.D.; Carvalho, G.R. & Peirce, R. 2012a. Species, sex, size and male maturity composition of previously unreported elasmobranch landings in Kuwait, Qatar and Abu Dhabi Emirate. Journal of Fish Biology 80(5): 1619-1642. Moore, A.B.M.; Ward, R.D. & Peirce, R. 2012b. Sharks of the Persian Gulf: a first annotated checklist (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii). Zootaxa 3167: 116. Moore, A.B.M.; White, W.T. & Peirce, R. 2010. Additions to the shark fauna of the Persian Gulf (Carcharhiniformes: Hemigaleidae and Carcharhinidae). Zoology of the Middle East 50: 8388. Morandinasab, A.; Kamrani, E.; Andakhsh, M.; Aghajanpour, M.; Raeisi, H.; Daliri, M. & Vafadar, K. 2014. Population dynamics of Terapon jarbua Teraponidae in the northern Persian Gulf (Hormozgan coastal waters). Journal of Oceanography 5: 1-14. (In Persian) Moravec, F.; Ali A.; Abed, J.M. & Shaker, S.J. 2016. New records of philometrids (Nematoda: Philometridae) from marine fishes off Iraq, with the erection of two new species and the first description of the male of Philometroides eleutheronemae Moravec & Manoharan, 2013. Systematic Parasitology 93: 129-144. Motomura, H. 2004. Threadfins of the world (Family Polynemidae). FAO, Rome. 131 p. Motomura, H. 2004. Threadfins of the world (Family Polynemidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of polynemid species known to date. FAO Spec. Cat. Fish. Purp. Rome: FAO. 3: 117 p. Motomura, H, 2004. Occurrence of Scorpaenopsis venosa (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) on the Saya de Malha Bank, Indian Ocean. Ichthyol. Res. 51:188- 189. Motomura, H. & Iwatsuki, Y. 2001. Review of Polydactylus species (Perciformes: Polynemidae) characterized by a large black anterior lateral line spot, with descriptions of two new species. Ichthyological Research 48(4): 337-354. Mousavi-Sabet, H.; Heidari, A. & Fekrandish, H. 2015. Population structure, length-weight and length-length relationships of six populations of the bartail flathead Platycephalus indicus (Scorpaeniformes: Platycephalidae) along the Persian Gulf coastal waters. Journal of Threatened Taxa 7(1): 6810-6814. Mundy, B.C. 2005. Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Museum Bulletin of Zoology (6): 1-704. Munroe, T.A. 2001. Cynoglossidae. Tonguesoles. In K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. pp: 3890-3901. Murakami, T.; James, S.A.; Randall, J. & Suzumoto, A. 2007. Two hybrids of carangid fishes of the genus Caranx, C. ignobilis x C. melampygus and C. melampygus x C. sexfasciatus, from the Hawaiian Islands. Zoological Studies 46(2): 186-193. Murdy, E.O., 1989. A taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the Oxudercine gobies (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 11: 1-93. Murdy, E.O. 2006. A revision of the gobiid fish genus Trypauchen (Gobiidae: Amblyopinae). Zootaxa 1343: 55-68. Murdy, E.O. & Hoese, D.F. 1985. Revision of the gobiid fish genus Istigobius. Indo-Pacific Fishes 4: 1-41. Murdy, E.O. & Randall, J.E. 2002. Taenioides kentalleni, a new species of eel goby from Saudi Arabia (Gobiidae: Amblyopinae). Zootaxa 93: 1-6. Murray, J.A. 1887. New species of fish from Kurrachee and the Persian Gulf. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 2(1): 47-49. Myers, R.F. 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. Myers, R.F. 1999. Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral 159 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p. Nader, I.A. & Jawdat, S.Z. 1977. New records of fishes from Iraq. Bulletin of the Biological Research Centre Baghdad 8: 73-87. Naderi, M.; Zare, P.; Azvar, E. & Pitassy, D. 2013. A new record of the puffer fish Takifugu oblongus (Bloch, 1786) from the northern Persian Gulf, Iran. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 134-139. Naji, A.; Khan, F.R. & Hashemi, S.H. 2016. Potential human risk assessment of trace metals via the consumption of marine fish in Persian Gulf. Marine Pollution Bulletin 1-5. Nakabo, T. 2002. Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition II. Tokai University Press, Japan, pp 867-1749. 221 p. Nakamura, I. 1990. Istiophoridae. In: J.C. Quéro, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 999-1007. Nasir, N.A. 2000. The food and feeding relationships of the fish communities in the inshore water of khor AlZubair, North-West Persian Gulf. Cybium 24: 89-99. Nasir, N.A.N. 2016. Distribution of silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) in Iraqi marine water. Mesopotamia Environmental Journal 2(4): 67-77. Nasir, N.A.N. & Khalid, S.A.R. 2013. A statistic survey of marine and freshwater fish catch in Basrah, Iraq 1990-2011. The Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research 31(1): 1-9. Nellen, W. 1973. Fischlarven des Indischen Ozeans. Ergebnisse der Fischereiuntersuchungen während der ersten Expedition des Forschungsschiffes "Meteor" in den Indischen Ozean und der Persischen Golf. Meteor Forschungsergebnisse D 14: 1-66. Nelson, G.J. & McCarthy, L. 1995. Two new species of gizzard shads of the genus Nematalosa (Teleostei, Clupeidae, Dorosomatinae) from Persian Gulf. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 41(4): 379-383. Nelson, G.S., Grande T.C. & Vilson M.V.H. 2016. Fhishes of the world. Fifth edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. 651pp. Ng, H.H. & Sparks, J.S. 2003. The ariid catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Ariidae) of Madagascar, with the description of two new species. Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 735:1-21. Nguyen, H.P. & Nguyen, N.T. 1994. Checklist of marine fishes in Vietnam. Vol. 2. Osteichthyes, from Elopiformes to Mugiliformes. Science and Technics Publishing House, Vietnam. Nguyen, T.D.P.; Nguyen, T.H.T.; Do, V.T.; Nguyen, T.T. & Nguyen, H.D. 2011. Freshwater ecosystem services and biodiversity values of Phu Yen District, Son La, Viet Nam. [pdf pages 313-363]. In Report on highland aquatic ecosystem services and biodiversity values, including livelihoods, trade, policy and conservation oriented inputs to two global online databases. Highland Aquatic Resources Conservation and Sustainable Development (HighARCS) Project. Deliverable 3.1, Project No. 213015 of the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme. 363 p. Work Package 3 Report. Research Institute for Aquaculture No.1, Viet Nam. pp: 1-49 Nichols, J.T. 1948. On Caranx nigripinnis of the Persian Gulf. Copeia (4): 300. Nielsen, J.G. 1995. A review of the species of the genus Neobythites (Pisces: Ophidiidae) from the western Indian Ocean, with descriptions of seven new species. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 62: 1-19. Nielsen, J.G. 2002. Revision of the Indo-Pacific species of Neobythites (Teleostei, Ophidiidae), with 15 new species. Galathea Report 19: 5-104. Nielsen, J.G.; Schwarzhans, W. & Uiblein, F. 2014. Review of the Indo-West Pacific ophidiid genera Sirembo and Spottobrotula (Ophidiiformes, Ophidiidae), with descriptions of three new species. Marine Biology Research 11(2): 113-134. Okamoto, M. & Golani, D. 2017. Three new species of the genus Acropoma (Perciformes: Acropomatidae) from the Indian Ocean. Ichthyological Research 65 (1): [1-14] 101-114. [First published online, p. 1-14, 4 Aug. 2017; volume number and pages added on 12 Jan. 2018.] Olfers, J.F.M.von. 1831. Die Gattung Torpedo in ihren naturhistorischen und antiquarischen Beziehungen erläutert. Berlin. 1-35. Owfi, F.; Fatemi, M.R.; Motallebi, A.A.; Coad, B.; Abbasi-Ghadikolahi, H. & Abbasi-Ghadikolakie, M. 2014. Systematic review of Anguilliformes order in Iranian museums from the Persian Gulf and Oman 160 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Sea. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 13(82): 407-426. Palmer, G. 1963. A record of the gobiid fish, Cryptocentrus lutheri Klausewitz from the Persian Gulf, with notes on the genus Cryptocentrus. Senckenbergiana Biologica 44(6): 447-450. Palsson, W.A. & Pietsch, T.W. 1989. Revision of the acanthopterygian fish family Pegasidae (Order Gasterosteiformes). Indo-Pacific Fishes 18: 1-38. Parenti, P. 2004. Family Scatophagidae Bleeker 1876 -scats. California Academy of Sciences Annotated Checklists of Fishes 36: 1-5. Parenti, P. & Randall, J.E. 2000. An annotated checklist of the species of the labroid fish families Labridae and Scaridae. Ichthyological bulletin of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology (68): 1-97. Parin, N.V. 1984. Exocoetidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pag. var. Parin, N.V. 1986. Exocoetidae. In: P.J.P. Whitehead, M.L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 612-619. Parin, N.V. 1996. On the species composition of flying fishes (Exocoetidae) in the West-Central part of tropical Pacific. J. Ichthyol. 36(5): 357-364. Parin, N.V. 1999. Exocoetidae. Flyingfishes. p. 21622179. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. Parin, N.V.; Collette, B.B. & Shcherbachev, Yu.N. 1980. Preliminary review of the marine halfbeaks (Hemiramphidae, Beloniformes) of the tropical IndoWest-Pacific. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P.P. Shirshova = Transactions of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology 97: 7-173. [In Russian, English summary.] Parin, N.V. & Gibbs, Jr.R.H. 1990. Exocoetidae. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 583-591. Patzner, R.A.; Van-Tassell, J.L.; Kovai, M. & Kapoor, B.G. 2011. The biology of gobies. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers; Boca Raton, FL: DIstributed by CRC Press. 685 p. Paulin, C.; Stewart, A.; Roberts, C. & McMillan, P. 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. De la Paz, R.M.; Aragones, N. & Agulto, D. 1988. Coralreef fishes off western Calatagan, Batangas (Luzon Island, Philippines) with notes on new and rare captures and controversial taxa. The Philippine Journal of Science 117:237-318. Pequeño, G. 1989. Peces de Chile. Lista sistematica revisada y comentada. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, Valparaiso 24(2): 1-132. Pickrell, J. 2004. Freed pet fish threaten native species, study says. National Geographic News, 01 June 2004. Pietsch, T.W. & Grobecker, D.B. 1987. Frogfishes of the world: Systematics, zoogeography, and behavioral ecology. Stanford University Press. 1-420. Pillai, P.P. & Ueyanagi, S. 1977. Distribution and biology of the striped marlin, Tetrapterus [sic] audax (Philippi) taken by the longline fishery in the Indian Ocean. Bulletin Far Seas Fisheries Research Laboratory (16): 9-32. Piper, R. 2010. Re-occurrence of silver pomfret Pampus argenteus in the North Sea. Marine Biodiversity Records 3: e102. Polgar, G.; Ghanbarifardi, M.; Milli, S.; Agorreta, A.; Aliabadian, M.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Khang, T.F. 2017. Ecomorphological adaptation in three mudskippers (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Gobiidae) from the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Hydrobiologica 2017: 121. Por, F.D. 1978. Lessepsian migration. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 228 p. Postel, E.; Fourmanoir, P. & Guézé, P. 1963. Serranidés de la Réunion. Mém. Inst. Fondam. Afr. Noire 68: 339-384. Pouladi, M.; Moradinasab, A.; Paighambari, S.Y.; Daliri, M.; Raeisi, H. & Shabani, M.J. 2018. Length-weight relationships of three caught flatfish using shrimp trawler in Motaf fishing grounds, Bushehr Province (Persian Gulf). Journal of Applied Ichthyology: 1-3. Pratchett, S.M.; Hoey, A.S.; Feary, D.A.; Bauman, A.G.; Burtd, J.A. & Riegl, B.M. 2013. Functional composition of Chaetodon butterflyfishes at a 161 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 peripheral and extreme coral reef location, the Persian Gulf. Marine Pollution Bulletin 72: 333-341. Pyle, R. 2001. Pomacanthidae: Angelfishes. p. 32663286. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO. Quignard, J.P. & Tomasini, J.A. 2000. Mediterranean fish biodiversity. Biol. Mar. Mediterr. 7(3):1-66. Radcliffe, L. 1912. Descriptions of fifteen new fishes of the family Cheilodipteridae, from the Philippine Islands and contiguous waters. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 41(1868):431-446. Rahman, A.K.A. 1989. Freshwater fishes of Bangladesh. Zoological Society of Bangladesh. Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka. 364 p. Rainboth, W.J. 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. FAO, Rome, 265 p. Ramaiyan, V. & Whitehead, P.J.P. 1979. Notes on Indian species of Ilisha (Pisces: Clupeidae). J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India 17(1):187-198. Randall, J.E. 1986a. Labridae. p. 683-706. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Randall, J.E. 1986b. Red Sea reef fishes. London, Immel Publishing. 192 p. Randall, J.E. 1988. Pomacanthus rhomboides (Gilchrist and Thompson), the valid name for the South African angelfish previously known as Pomacanthus striatus. Spec. Publ. J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol. 46:7p. Randall, J.E. 1994a. Ilisha compressa, a new species of clupeid fish from the Persian Gulf. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 42: 893-899. Randall, J.E. 1994b. A new genus and six new gobiid fishes (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from Arabian waters. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 14: 317-340. Randall, J.E. 1994c. Two new damselfishes (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from Arabian waters. Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie 21 (12): 39-48. Randall, J.E. 1995a. Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p. Randall, J.E. 1995b. Zebrias captivus, a new species of sole (Pleuronectiformes: Soleidae) from the Persian Gulf. Journal of South Asian Natural History 2 (2): 241-246. Randall, J.E. 1995c. A review of the triplefin fishes (Perciformes: Blennioidei: Tripterygiidae) of Oman, with descriptions of two new species of Enneapterygius. Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie 22 (1-2): 27-34. Randall, J.E. 1996. Second revision of the labrid fish genus Leptojulis, with descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes 24: 1-20, pls. 1-3. Randall, J.E. 2000. Revision of the Indo-Pacific labrid fishes of the genus Stethojulis, with descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes 31: 1-42, pls. 16. Randall, J.E. 2001a. Surgeonfishes of Hawai'i and the world. Mutual Publishing and Bishop Museum Press, Hawai'i. 123 p. Randall, J.E. 2001b. Pinguipedidae (= Parapercidae, Mugiloididae). Sandperches. p. 3501-3510. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. Randall, J.E. 2002. Surgeon fishes of Hawai'i and the world. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Zoology 4: 1-123. Randall, J.E. 2004. Revision of the goatfish genus Parupeneus (Perciformes: Mullidae), with descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes 36: 1-64, pls. 1-16. Randall, J.E.; Allen, G.R. & W.D. Anderson, Jr. 1987. Revision of the Indo-Pacific lutjanid genus Pinjalo, with description of a new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes 14: 1-17, pl. 1. Randall, J.E.; Allen, G.R. & Steene, R.C. 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. Randall, J.E.; Allen, G.R. & Steene, R.C. 1997. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Second Edition. Revised and expanded edition. Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd. Bathurst, NSW, Australia. 557 p. Randall, J.E. & Anderson, C. 1993. Annotated checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Maldives Islands. Ichthyol. Bull. of the J.L.B. Smith Inst. of Ichthyol. (59):1-47. Randall, J.E. & Bruce, R.W. 1983. The parrotfishes of 162 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf of the genus Parupeneus from the western Indian Ocean, with resurrection of P. seychellensis. Smithiana, Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity, Bulletin 10: 37-49. Randall, J.E. & Hoese, D.F. 1985. Revision of the IndoPacific dartfishes, genus Ptereleotris (Perciformes: Gobioidei). Indo-Pacific Fishes 7: 1-36. Randall, J.E.; Ida, H.; Kato, K.; Pyle, R.L. & Earle, J.L. 1997. Annotated checklist of inshore fishes of the Ogasawara Islands. National Nature Museum Monographs (11): 1-74. Randall, J.E. & Johnson, J.W. 2000. Perca lineata and P. vittata established as valid species of Plectorhinchus (Perciformes: Haemulidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 45(2): 477-482. Randall, J.E. & Johnson, J.W. 2007. Revision of the soleid fish genus Pardachirus. Indo-Pacific Fishes 39: 1-22. Randall, J.E.; Lachner, E.A. & Fraser, T.H. 1985. A revision of the Indo-Pacific apogonid fish genus Pseudamia, with descriptions of three new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes 6: 1-23. Randall, J.E. & McCarthy, L.J. 1988. A new damselfish of the genus Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie 14(4)(for 1987): 133-136. Randall, J.E. & McCarthy, L.J. 1989. Solea stanalandi, a new sole from the Persian Gulf. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 36(2): 196-199. Randall, J.E. & Miroz, A. 2001. Thalassoma lunare x Thalassoma rueppellii, a hybrid labrid fish from the Red Sea. Aqua Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 4(4):131-134. Randall, J.E. & Sinoto, Y.H. 1978. Rapan fish names. B.P. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 24(15:294-306. Randall, J.E. & Smith, M.M. 1982. A review of the labrid fishes of the genus Halichoeres of the western Indian Ocean, with descriptions of six new species. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 45: 1-26. Randall, J.E. & Stroud, G.J. 1985. On the validity of the mugiloidid fish Parapercis robinsoni Fowler. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 32(1): 93-99. Randall, J.E., J.L. Earle, T. Hayes, C. Pittman, M. Severns and R.L.F. Smith, 1993. Eleven new records the subfamily Scarinae of the western Indian Ocean with descriptions of three new species. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 47: i-ii + 1-39, pls. 1-6. Randall, J.E. & Cea, A. 2011. Shore fishes of Easter Island. University of Hawai'i Press, 164 p. Randall, J.E. & Compagno, L.J.V. 1995. A review of the guitarfishes of the genus Rhinobatos (Rajiformes: Rhinobatidae) from Oman, with description of a new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 43 (2): 289-298. Randall, J.E.; Downing, N.; McCarthy, L.J.; Stanaland, B.E. & Tarr, A.B. 1994. Fifty-one new records of fishes from the Persian Gulf. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 14: 220-258. Randall, J.E. & Earle, J.L. 1994. Three new wrasses of the genus Halichoeres (Perciformes: Labridae) from Oman. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 14: 287-301. Randall, J.E.; Earle, J.L.; Hayes, T.; Pittman, C.; Severns, M. & Smith, R.L.F. 1993. Eleven new records and validations of shore fishes from the Hawaiian Islands. Pac. Sci. 47(3):222-239. Randall, J.E. & Egmond, J.V. 1994. Marine fishes from the Seychelles: 108 new records. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden 1: 43-83. Randall, J.E. & Eschmeyer, W.N. 2001. Revision of the Indo-Pacific scorpionfish genus Scorpaenopsis, with descriptions of eight new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes 34: 1-79, pls. 1-12. Randall, J.E.; Fraser, T.H. & Lachner, E.A. 1990. On the validity of the Indo-Pacific cardinalfishes Apogon aureus (Lacepède) and A. fleurieu (Lacepède), with description of a related new species from the Red Sea. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103(1): 39-62. Randall, J.E. & Greenfield, D.W. 2001. A preliminary review of the Indo-Pacific gobiid fishes of the genus Gnatholepis. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 69: 1-17. Randall, J.E. & Guézé, P. 1984. Parupeneus margaritatus, a new species of goatfish (Mullidae) from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Cybium 8(4): 9-17. Randall, J.E. & Heemstra, P.C. 1991a. Revision of IndoPacific groupers (Perciformes: Serranidae: Epinephelinae), with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes 20: 1-332. Randall, J.E. & Heemstra, E. 2009. Three new goatfishes 163 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 and validations of shore fishes from the Hawaiian Islands. Pac. Sci. 47(3):222-239. Randall, J.E. & Tarr, A.B. 1994. Trichonotus arabicus (Perciformes: Trichonotidae), a new species of sand diver from the Persian Gulf and Oman. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 14: 309-316. Randall, J.E.; Williams, J.T.; Smith, D.G.; Kulbicki, M.; Tham, G.M.; Labrosse, P.; Kronen, M.; Clua, E. & Mann, B.S. 2003. Checklist of the shore and epipelagic fishes of Tonga. Atoll Research Bulletin: Smithsonian Insitution 502 p. Rao, K.V.R. 1995. Pisces. In: Fauna of Chilka Lake. Wetland Ecosystem Series 1. Zool. Surv. India. 673 p. pp: 483-506. Rastgoo, A.R.; Fatemi, S.M.R.; Valinassab, T. & Mortazavi, M.S. 2016. First report of mangrove whpray Himantura granulata (Macleay, 1883) from the Persian Gulf, Iran. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 15(3): 1224-1229. Regan, C.T. 1905. On fishes from the Persian Gulf, the Sea of Oman, and Karachi, collected by Mr. F. W. Townsend. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 16: 318-333. Relyea, K. 1981. Inshore fishes of the Persian Gulf. G. Allen & Unwin, London: 1-149. Relyea, K.; Vaughan, T. & Ferguson, J. 1980. Notes on Pseudochromis Rüppell 1835 in the northern Persian Gulf. Senckenbergiana Biologica 60 (3-4)(for 1979): 141-146. Reshetnikov, Y.S.; Bogutskaya, N.G.; Vasil'eva, E.D.; Dorofeeva, E.A.; Naseka, A.M.; Popova, O.A.; Savvaitova, K.A.; Sideleva, V.G. & Sokolov, L.I. 1997. An annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes of Russia. Journal of Ichthyology 37(9): 687-736. Rezai, H.; Wilson, S.; Claereboudt, M. & Riegl, B. 2004. Coral reefstatus in the rompe sea area: Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman and Arabian Sea. Status of Coral Reefs of the World 155-170. Richards, W.J. & Al-Yamani, F.Y. 2008. Identification Guide of the Early Life History Stages of Fishes from the Waters of Kuwait in the Persian Gulf, Indian Ocean, Kuwait. 343 p. Riegl, B.M. & Dodge, R.E. 2012. Reef Fish and Fisheries in the Gulf. In: E. Grandcourt (Eds). Coral Reefs of the Gulf. Springer, New York. pp: 127-161. Robins, C.R.; Bailey, R.M.; Bond, C.E.; Brooker, J.R.; Lachner, E.A.; Lea, R.N. & Scott, W.B. 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society Special Publication (21): 243 p. Robinsl, C.R. & Ray, G.C. 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. Robinson, D.P.; Jaidah, M.Y.; Bach, S.S.; Rohner, C.A.; Jabado, R.W.; Ormond, R. & Pierce, S.J. 2017. Some like it hot: Repeat migration and residency of whale sharks within an extreme natural environment. PLoS ONE 12(9)(e0185360): 1-23. Russell, B.C. 1985. Revision of the Indo-Pacific labrid fish genus Suezichthys, with descriptions of four new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes 2: 1-21. Russell, B.C. 1986. Review of the western Indian Ocean species of Nemipterus Swainson 1839, with description of a new species. Senckenbergiana Biologica 67 (1/3): 19-35. Russell, B.C. 1990. FAO species catalog. Vol. 12. Nemipterid fishes of the world. (Threadfin breams, whiptail breams, monocle breams, dwarf monocle breams, and coral breams). Family Nemipteridae. An annotated and illustrated catalog of Nemipterid species known to date. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) Fisheries Synopsis 125: 1-149. Russell, B.C. & Golani, D. 1993. A review of the fish genus Parascolopsis (Nemipteridae) of the western Indian Ocean, with description of a new species from the northern Red Sea. Journal of Zoology 39(4): 337347. Russell, B.C. & Houston, W. 1989. Offshore fishes of the Arafura Sea. Beagle 6(1):69-84. Russell, B.C.; Smith-Vaniz, W.F.; Lawrence, A.; Carpenter, K.E.; Myers, R. & Thaman, R. 2016. Etelis coruscans. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T194382A2327142. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS. T194382A2327142.en. Downloaded on 07 February 2017. Sadeghi, R. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2019a. Cocos frillgoby, Bathygobius cocosensis (Bleeker, 1854): an additional fish element for the Iranian marine waters (Teleostei: Gobiidae). International Journal of 164 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Aquatic Biology 7(3): 117-122. Sadeghi, R. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2019b. First documentation of an uncommon goby genus and species, Palutrus scapulopunctatus (de Beaufort, 1912) from the Persian Gulf (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 6(3): 143-149. Sadeghi, R.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Fricke, R. & Larson, H.K. 2017. New geographical record and morphological features of the Indo-Pacific tropical sand goby, Favonigobius reichei (Bleeker, 1854) from Iranian coast of the Makran Sea (Teleostei, Gobiidae). Check List 13(5): 641-645. Sadeghi, R., Ebrahimi, M. & Esmaeili, H.R., 2019a. Tessellate goby, Coryogalops tessellatus Randall, 1994 (Teleostei: Gobiidae), an additional fish element for the Iranian marine waters. FishTaxa 4(2):25-30. Sadeghi, R., Esmaeili, H.R., Riazi, M., Taherizaeh, M.R. & Safaie, M. 2019b. Lagoon shrimp goby, Cryptocentrus cyanotaenia (Bleeker, 1853) (Teleostei: Gobiidae), an additional fish element for the Iranian waters. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 6(2): 98-105. Sadighzadeh, Z.; Tuset, V.M.; Valinassab, T.; Dadpour, M.R. & Lombarte, A. 2012. Comparison of different otolith shape descriptors and morphometrics for the identification of closely related species of Lutjanus spp. from the Persian Gulf. Marine Biology Research 8: 802-814. Sadighzadeh, Z.; Valinassab, T.; Vosugi, G.; Motallebi, A.A. & Fatemi, M.R. 2014. Use of otolith shape for stock identification of John's snapper, Lutjanus johnii (Pisces: Lutjanidae), from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Fisheries Research 155: 59-63. Sainsbury, K.J.; Kailola, P.J. & Leyland, G.G. 1985. Continental shelf fishes of the northern and northwestern Australia. CSIRO Division of Fisheries Research; Clouston & Hall and Peter Pownall Fisheries Information Service, Canberra, Australia. 375 p. Salameh, P.; Sonin, O.; Edelist, D. & Golani, D. 2011. First record of the Red Sea orangeface butterflyfish Chaetodon larvatus Cuvier, 1831 in the Mediterranean. Aquatic Invasions 6: 53-55. Salameh, P.; Sonin, O.; Edelist, D. & Golani, D. 2012. The first substantiated record of the yellow bar angelfish Pomacanthus maculosus (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Pomacanthidae) in the Mediterranean. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 42(1): 73-74. Sarker, A.L.; Al-Daham, N.K. & Bhatti, M.N. 1980. Food habits of the mudskipper Pseudapocryptes dentatus (Val.). Journal of Fish Biology 17(6): 635639. Sasaki, K. 1997. Resurrection of two East African species of Johnius (Perciformes, Sciaenidae). Ichthyological Research 44(3): 311-315. Sasaki, K. 2001. Sciaenidae. Croakers (drums). In: K.E. Carpenter, V.H. Niem (Eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO. pp: 3117-3174. Sauvage, H.E.1875. Poissons. In Alfred Grandidier, Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar, 1887-91. Vol. XVI, Paris 1875-99. 543 p. Scott, W.B. & Scott, M.G. 1988. Atlantic fishes of Canada. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 219:731 p. Sdeghi, S.N. 2001. Morphological and biological characteristics of southern Iranian fishes (the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea), Naghsh-e-mehr, Tehra. 438 p. Senou, H. 2001. Sphyraenidae. Barracudas. In: K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. pp: 3685-3697. Senou, H.; Randall, J.E. & Okiyama, M. 1996. Chelon persicus, a new species of mullet (Perciformes, Mugilidae) from the Persian Gulf. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 25: 71-78. Séret, B. 2003. Carcharhinidae. In: D. Paugy, C. Lévêque, G.G Teugels (Eds.). The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa. Volume 1. Collection Faune et Flore Tropicales 40. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum National d'Histoire. pp: 74-77. Séret, B.; Last, P.R. & Naylor, G.J.P. 2016a. 10. Guitarfishes. Family Rhinobatidae. In: P.R. Last, W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann, G.J.P. Naylor (Eds.). Rays of the World. 165 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 State, Federated States of Micronesia. Inshore Fish. Res. Proj., Tech. Doc., South Pacific Commission. Noumea, New Caledonia. 64 p. Smith, C.L. 1997. National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. Smith, D.G. 1997. Muraenesocidae. Pike congers. In: K.E. Carpenter, V.H. Niem (Eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. pp: 1673-1677. Smith, D.G. & Castle, P.H.J. 1990. Synaphobranchidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. pp: 195-198. Smith, G.B. & Saleh, M.A. 1987. Abundance and batymetric distribution of Bahrain (Perian Gulf) reef ichthyofaunas. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 24: 425-431. Smith, J.L.B. & Smith, M.M. 1963. The fishes of Seychelles. Rhodes University, Grahamstown. 215 p Smith, M.M. 1986. Megalopidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra (Eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp: 155-156. Smith, W.D.; Bizzarro, J.J.; Richards, V.P.; Nielsen, J.; M´arquez-Far´ıas, F. & Shivji, M.S. 2009. Morphometric convergence and molecular divergence: the taxonomic status and evolutionary history of Gymnura crebripunctata and Gymnura marmorata in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Journal of Fish Biology 75: 761-783. Smith-Vaniz, W.F. 1976. The saber-toothed blennies, tribe Nemophini (Pisces: Blenniidae). Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19: 1-196. Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1984. Carangidae. In: W. Fischer, G. Bianchi (Eds.). FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. Smith-Vaniz, W.F. 1986. Carangidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra (Eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. SpringerVerlag, Berlin. pp: 638-661. Smith-Vaniz, W.F. 1986. Carangidae. In: P.J.P. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. pp: 77-109. Séret, B.; Last, P.R. & Naylor, G.J.P. 2016b. 11. Giant guitarfishes. Family Glaucostegidae. In: P.R. Last, W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann, G.J.P. Naylor (Eds.). Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. pp: 110-116. Shaffer, R.V. & Nakamura, E.L. 1989. Synopsis of biological data on the cobia Rachycentron canadum (Pisces: Rachycentridae). NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 82, FAO Fisheries Synopsis 153. Shao, K.T. 1997. A checklist of fishes recorded in Taiwan and their distribution around Taiwan. Unpublished database, version of April 1997. Shao., K.T.; Shen, S.C.; Chiu, T.S. & Tzeng, C.S. 1992. Distribution and database of fishes in Taiwan. In: C.Y. Peng (Ed.). Collections of research studies on 'Survey of Taiwan biological resources and information management'. Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica. Vol. 2. pp: 173-206. (In Chinese) Shen, S.C. 1993. Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. 960 p. Sheppard, C.R.C. 1993. Physical Environment of the Gulf Relevant to Marine Pollution: An Overview. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 27: 3-8. Sielfeld, W.; Laudien, J.; Vargas, M. & Villegas, M. 2010. El niño induced changes of the coastal fish fauna off northern Chile and implications for ichthyogeography. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografia 45(S1): 705-722. Sinis, A.I. 2005. First record of Tylosurus crocodilus (Peron & Lesueur 1821) (Pisces: Belonidae) in the Mediterranean (North Aegean Sea, Greece). Journal of Biological Research (Thessaloniki) 4: 221-224. Sivasubramanian, K. & Ibrahim, M.A. 1982a. Demersal fish resources around Qatar. Qatar University Science Bulletin 2(1): 305-351. Sivasubramanian, K. & Ibrahim, M.A. 1982b. Common fishes of Qatar. Scientific Atlas of Qatar 1. Doha: 1200. Skelton, P.H. 1993. A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. Smith, A. & Dalzell, P. 1993. Fisheries resources and management investigations in Woleai Atoll, Yap 166 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, E. Tortonese (Eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. pp: 815-844. Smith-Vaniz, W.F. 1987. The saber-toothed blennies, tribe Nemophini (Pisces: Blenniidae): an update. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 139: 1-52. Smith-Vaniz, W.F.; Quéro, J.-C. & Desoutter, M. 1990. Carangidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 729-755. Smith-Vaniz, W.F. 1995. Carangidae. Jureles, pámpanos, cojinúas, zapateros, cocineros, casabes, macarelas, chicharros, jorobados, medregales, pez pilota. In: W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. pp: 940-986. Sommer, C.; Schneider, W. & Poutiers, J.M. 1996. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Rome. 376 p. Spaet, J.L.Y.; Jabado, R.W.; Henderson, A.C.; Moore, A.B.M. & Berumen, M.L. 2015. Population genetics of four heavily exploited shark species around the Arabian Peninsula. Ecology and Evolution 2015: 116. Springer, V.G. 1964. A revision of the carcharhinid shark genera Scoliodon, Loxodon, and Rhizoprionodon. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 115(3493): 559-632. Springer, V.G. 1971. Revision of the fish genus Ecsenius (Blenniidae, Blenniinae, Salariini). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 72: 1-74. Springer, V.G. 1972. Additions to revisions of the blenniid fish genera Ecsenius and Entomacrodus, with descriptions of three new species of Ecsenius. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 134: 1-13. Springer, V.G. 1986. Family No. 235: Blenniidae. In: Smith, M. M. and P. C. Heemstra (eds.): Smiths' Sea Fishes. Macmillan South Africa, Johannesburg. pp: 742-755. Springer, V.G. 1988. The Indo-Pacific blenniid fish genus Ecsenius. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 465: 1-134. Springer, V.G. & Gomon, M.F. 1975. Revision of the blenniid fish genus Omobranchus with descriptions of three new species and notes on other species of the tribe Omobranchini. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 177: 1-135. Springer, V.G. & Williams, J.T. 1994. The Indo-West Pacific blenniid fish genus Istiblennius reappraised: a revision of Istiblennius, Blenniella, and Paralticus, new genus. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 565: 1-193. Squire, J.L.Jr. & Suzuki, Z. 1990. Migration trends of striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax) in the Pacific Ocean. In R.H. Stroud (Ed.) Planning the future of billfishes. Research and management in the 90's and beyond. Proceedings of the second international billfish symposium, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, 1-5 August 1988. Part 2. Contributed papers. pp: 67-80. Steindachner, F. 1876. Ichthyologische Beiträge (V). [Subtitles i-v.]. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. MathematischNaturwissenschaftliche Classe 74(1): 49-240. Stern, N.; Rinkevich, B. & Goren, M. 2014. First record of the goldstripe sardinella – Sardinella gibbosa (Bleeker, 1849) in the Mediterranean Sea and confirmation of its presence in the Red Sea. BioInvasions Records 4(1): 47-51. Sulak, K.J. & Shcherbachev, Y.N. 1997. Zoogeography and systematics of six deep-living genera of synaphobranchid eels, with a key to taxa and description of two new species of Ilyophis. Bulletin of Marine Science 60(3): 1158-1194. Suvatti, C. 1981. Fishes of Thailand. Royal Institute of Thailand, Bangkok. 379 p. Sylva, D.P.de. 1990. Sphyraenidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 860-864. Taher, M.M.; Mohamed, A.R.M. & Al-Ali, A.K.H. 2012. Some ecological characteristics and ichthyofauna of surrounding Sammaliah Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Basrah Journal of Science 30(2): 31-49. Talwar, P.K. & Jhingran, A.G. 1991. Inland fishes of 167 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. Tavakoli-Kolour, P.; Khatami, S.; Barkhordari, A. & Farhadi, A. 2015. First record of Cephalopholis formosa (Shaw, 1812) (Perciformes: Serranidae) in the Persian Gulf. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 31: 197-198. Taylor, W.R. & Gomon, J.R. 1986. Plotosidae. In: J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (Eds.). Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISBN, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 160-162. Teimori, A., Esmaeili, H.R., Hamidan, N. & Reichenbacher, B. 2018. Systematics and historical biogeography of the Aphanius dispar species group (Teleostei: Aphaniidae) and description of a new species from Southern Iran. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 56(4):579598. (Eds.). Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3. pp: 13481350. Tortonese, E. 1990. Molidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 1077-1079. Tytler, P. & Vaughan, T. 1983. Thermal ecology of the mudskippers, Periophthalmus koelreuteri (Pallas) and Boleophthalmus boddarti (Pallas) of Kuwait Bay. Journal of Fish Biology 23(3): 327-337. Uiblein, F. 2011. Taxonomic review of Western Indian Ocean goatfishes of the genus Mulloidichthys (Family Mullidae), with description of a new species and remarks on colour and body form variation in Indo-West Pacific species. Smithiana Bulletin 13:5173. Uiblein, F. & Heemstra, P.C. 2010. A taxonomic review of the western Indian Ocean goatfishes of the genus Upeneus (Family Mullidae), with descriptions of four new species. Smithiana, Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity, Bulletin No 11: 35-71. Uiblein, F. & Heemstra, P.C. 2011. Description of a new goatfish species, Upeneus randalli n. sp. (Mullidae), from the Persian Gulf, with remarks and identification keys for the genus Upeneus. Scientia Marina 75(3): 585-594. Uiblein, F. & Nielsen, J.G. 2018. Review of the steatiticus-species group of the cuskeel genus Neobythites (Ophidiidae) from the Indo-Pacific, with description of two new species. Zootaxa 4387(1): 157-173. Ünlü, E.; Balci, K. & Meriç, N. 2000. Aspects of the biology of Liza abu (Mugilidae) in the Tigris River (Turkey). Cybium 24(1): 27-43. Vahabnezhad, A.; Raghavimotlagh, S.A. & DhodratiShojaei, M. 2017. Growth pattern and eproductive biology of Acanthopagrus latus from the Persian Gulf. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences 4(1): 18-28. Valinassab, T.; Daryanabard, R.; Dehghani, R. & Pierce, G.J. 2006. Abundance of demersal fish resources in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86: 1455-1462. Thollot, P. 1996. Les poissons de mangrove du lagon sud-ouest de Nouvelle-Calédonie. ORSTOM Éditions, Paris. Thomson, J.M. 1984. Mugilidae. In: W. Fischer, G. Bianchi (Eds.). FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 3. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. Thomson, J.M. 1990. Mugilidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 855-859. Todd, V.L.G. & Grove, J.S. 2010. First records of golden trevally (Gnathodon speciosus, Carangidae), sharptail mola (Masturus lanceolatus, Molidae) and evidence for white shark (Carcharodon carcharias, Lamnidae) in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Marine Biodiversity Records 3: e104. Torquato, F.; Jensen, H.M.; Range, P.; Bach, S.S.; BenHamadou, R.; Sigsgaard, E.E.; Thomsen, P.F.; Møller, P.R. & Riera, R. 2017. Vertical zonation and functional diversity of fish assemblages revealed by ROV videos at oil platforms in The Gulf. Journal of Fish Biology 2017: 1-21. Tortonese, E. 1986. Molidae. In: P.J.P. Whitehead, M.L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, E. Tortonese 168 Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf Valinassab, T. & Marof, S.N. 2012. Dictionary names of species of fish Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and the Caspian Sea basin, Moj-e-Sabz, Tehran, 280 p. Valinassab, T.; Seifabadi, J.; Houmauni, H. & AfraieBandpei M.A. 2013. Relationships between fish size and otolith morphology in ten clupeids from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Cybium 36(4) (for 2012): 505-509. Vincent, A.C.J. 1996. The international trade in seahorses. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, UK. 163 p. Vosoughi, A. 1993. Identification batoid fishes Strait of Hormuz. Islamic Azad University North Tehran Branch, MSc thesis. Vosoughi, A. 1999. Identification and development of Chondrichthyes fishes Persian Gulf (Bushehr province waters). Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, PhD thesis. Vossughi, G.H. & Vossughi, A.R. 1999. Study of batoid fishes, in northern part of Hormoz Strait, with emphasis on some species new to the Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman. Indian Journal of Fisheries 46: 301306. Wantiez, L. 1993. Les poissons des fonds meubles du lagon Nord et de la Baie de Saint-Vincent de Nouvelle-Calédonie: Description des peuplements, structure et fonctionnement des communautés. Ph.D. Thesis, Université d' Aix-Marseille II, France. Wass, R.C. 1984. An annotated checklist of the fishes of Samoa. Natl. Ocean. Atmos. Adminis. Tech. Rept., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rept. Fish. (781). Weigmann, S. 2012. Contribution to the taxonomy and distribution of six shark species (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Gulf of Thailand. ISRN Zoology 2012(860768): 24 p. Weitkamp, D.E. & Sullivan, R.D. 2003. Gas bubble disease in resident fish of the lower Clark Fork River. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 132(5): 865-876. Whelan, R.; Jabado, R.W.; Clarke, C. & Muzaffar, S.B. 2017. Observations of rays and guitarfishes (Batoidea) in shallow waters around Siniya Island, Umm al-Qaiwain, United Arab Emirates. Tribulus 25: 76-90. White, S.T. & Relyea, K. 1984. Gobiopsis canalis from Kuwait coast, northern Persian Gulf (Pisces: Gobiidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 65(1-2): 2527. White, W.T. 2012. A redescription of Carcharhinus dussumieri and C. sealei, with resurrection of C. coatesi and C. tjutjot as valid species (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae). Zootaxa 3241: 134. White, W.T. & Last, P.R. 2016a. 30. Eagle Rays. Family Myliobatidae. In: P.R. Last, W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann, G.J.P. Naylor (Eds.). Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. pp: 706-725. White, W.T. & Last, P.R. 2016b. 31. Pelagic Eagle Rays. Family Aetobatidae. In: P.R. Last, W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann, G.J.P. Naylor (Eds.). Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. pp: 726-731. White, W.T. & Last, P.R. 2016c. 33. Devilrays. Family Mobulidae. In: P.R. Last, W.T. White, M. R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann, G.J.P. Naylor (Eds.). Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. pp. 741-749. White, W.T. & Moore, A.B.M. 2013. Redescription of Aetobatus flagellum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), an endangered eagle ray (Myliobatoidea: Myliobatidae) from the Indo–West Pacific. Zootaxa 3752: 199-213. White, W.T. & Weigmann, S. 2014. Carcharhinus humani sp. nov., a new whaler shark (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) from the western Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 3821(1): 71-87. Whitehead, P.J.P. 1963. A revision of the recent round herrings (Pisces: Dussumieriidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 10(6): 305-380. Whitehead, P.J.P. 1965. A review of the elopoid and clupeoid fishes of the Red Sea and adjacent regions. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 12(7): 225-281. Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. Rome: FAO. 125(7/1): 1-303. Whitehead, P.J.P.; Nelson, G.J. & Wongratana, T. 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of 169 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. Rome: FAO. 125(7/2): 305-579. Whitehead, P.J.P. & Wongratana, T. 1986. Clupeidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra (Eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp: 199-204. Williams, J.T. 1988. Revision and phylogenetic relationships of the blenniid fish genus Cirripectes. Indo-Pacific Fishes 17: 1-78. Winterbottom, R. & Burridge, M. 1992. Revision of Egglestonichthys and of Priolepis species possessing a transverse pattern of cheek papillae (Teleostei; Gobiidae), with a discussion of relationships. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70: 1934-1946. Winterbottom, R. & Burridge, M. 1993. Revision of Indo-Pacific Priolepis species possessing a reduced transverse pattern of cheek papillae, and predorsal scales (Teleostei; Gobiidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 71: 2056-2076. Winterbottom, R. & Villa, C.A. 2003. A new species of the Trimma caesiura species complex (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the north-eastern margin of the Australian Plate, with a redescription of the other nominal species in the complex. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 7(1): 13-28. Wirtz, P.; Fricke, R. & Biscoito, M.J. 2008. The coastal fishes of Madeira Island - new records and an annotated check-list. Zootaxa 1715: 1-26. Wongratana, T. 1983. Diagnoses of 24 new species and proposal of a new name for a species of Indo-Pacific clupeoid fishes. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 29(4): 385-407. Woodland, D.J. 1990. Revision of the fish family Siganidae with descriptions of two new species and comments on distribution and biology. Indo-Pacific Fishes 19: 1-136. Woodland, D. 1997. Siganidae. Spinefoots, rabbitfishes. In: K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Western Central Pacific. pp: 3627-3650. Wourms, J.P. & Bayne, O. 1973. Development of the Dinematichthys viviparous brotulid fish, ilucoeteoides. Copeia 1973(1): 32-40. Wright, J.M. 1988. Seasonal and spacial differences in the fish assemblage of the non-estuarine Sulaibikhat Bay, Kuwait. Marine Biology 100: 13-20. Yamada, U.; Shirai, S.; Irie, T.; Tokimura, M.; Deng, S.; Zheng, Y.; Li C.; Kim, Y.U. & Kim, Y.S. 1995. Names and illustrations of fishes from the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. Overseas Fishery Cooperation Foundation, Tokyo, Japan. 288 p. Zajonz, U.; Beech, M. & Gill, A.C. 2002. Fishes of Sabkha-related habitats. In: Barth & Böer (Eds.). Sabkha Ecosystems. Dordrecht. pp: 283-298. Zajonz, U.; Khalaf, M. & Krupp, F. 2000. Coastal fish assemblages of the Socotra Archipelago. In: Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity of Socotra Archipelago: marine habitat, biodiversity and fisheries surveys and management. Progress Report of Phase III. Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt. pp: 127-170. Zare, P.; Larson, H.K. & Toorang, A. 2012. First record of the gobiid fish Aulopareia ocellata (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Qeshm Island, The Gulf, with discussion of its generic placement. Journal of Fish Biology 81(4): 1192-1200. Zare, P.; Naderi, M. & Azvar, E. 2012. Length-weight relationships of 10 fish species collected from stake traps in the muddy shores of the inter-tidal zone of Bandar Abbas city, Persian Gulf, Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 1-2. Zenetos, A.; Gofas, S.; Verlaque, M.; Cinar, M.E.; Garcia-Raso, J.E.; Bianchi, C.N.; Morri, C.; Azzurro, E.; Bilecenoglu, M.; Froglia, C.; Siokou, I.; Violanti, D.; Sfriso, A.; San-Martin, G.; Giangrande, A.; Katagan, T.; Ballesteros, E. & Ramos-Espla, A. 2010. Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. Mediterranean Marine Science 11/2(2010): 381-493. Ziyadi, M.F.S.; Jawad, L.A. & Al-Mukhtar, M.A. 2018. Halicampus zavorensis Dawson, 1984 (Syngnathidae): new record for Iraqi marine waters and for the Persian Gulf area. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 59: 121-126. Zogaris, S.; Vidalis, A. & Fricke, R. 2015. First record of the Oman Blenny Oman ypsilon Springer, 1985 (Teleostei: Blenniidae) from Kuwait and the Persian Gulf. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 56: 77-80. 170 ‫‪Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1–171‬‬ ‫‪© 2019 Iranian Society of Ichthyology‬‬ ‫‪P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964‬‬ ‫‪Received: January 17, 2019‬‬ ‫‪Accepted: October 07, 2019‬‬ ‫‪doi: 10.22034/iji.v6i0.454‬‬ ‫‪http://www.ijichthyol.org‬‬ ‫مقاله پژوهشی‬ ‫لیست تشریحی ماهیان خلیج فارس‪ :‬تنوع و وضعیت حفاظتی‬ ‫سهیل ایگدری*‪ ،1‬رونالد فریک‪ ،2‬حمیدرضا اسماعیلی‪ ،3‬پریا‬ ‫جلیلی‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬گروه شیالت‪ ،‬دانشکده منابع طبیعی‪ ،‬دانشگاه تهران‪ ،‬کرج‪ ،‬ایران‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬ای‪.‬ام رامستال ‪ 97922 ،76‬لودا‪-‬کونینگسهوفن‪ ،‬آلمان‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی ماهیشناسی و سیستماتیک مولکولی‪ ،‬بخش جانورشناسی‪ ،‬گروه زیستشناسی‪ ،‬دانشکده علوم پایه‪ ،‬دانشگاه شیراز‪ ،‬شیراز‪ ،‬ایران‪.‬‬ ‫چکیده‪ :‬این چک لیست با هدف مرور و خالصه کردن نتایج تحقیقات سیستماتیک برروی ماهیان خلیج فارس که در طی ‪ 200‬سال گذشته انجام شده است‪ ،‬به اجرا‬ ‫درآمد‪ .‬از زمان کار ‪ ،C. Niebuhr‬یک زیستشناس دانمارکی در قرن ‪ 18‬میالدی‪ ،‬تعداد گونههای معتبر بهصورت معنیداری افزایش یافته و وضعیت سیستماتیک بسیاری‬ ‫از آنها تغییر کرده و بازنگری شدهاند؛ از اینرو بهروز رسانی این اطالعات ضرورت یافته است‪ .‬در اینجا ما از این فرصت برای فراهم آوردن یک چک لیست جدید و به روز‬ ‫ماهیان خلیج فارس براساس مقاالت و دادههای وقوع براساس نمونههای موزهای و نمونههای ماهیان گردآوری شده استفاده میکنیم‪ .‬براساس نتایج ماهیان خلیج فارس‬ ‫شامل ‪ 743‬گونه تائید شده در ‪ 131‬خانواده‪ 445 ،‬جنس و ‪ 27‬راسته میباشند‪ .‬در رده ماهیان غضروفی‪ ،‬متنوعترین خانواده ‪ Charcharhinidae‬با ‪ 23‬گونه (‪41/89‬‬ ‫درصد) و به دنبال آن ‪ Dasyatidae‬با ‪ 15‬گونه (‪ 31/08‬درصد) بود‪ .‬در راسته ماهیان استخوانی‪ Gobiidae ،‬با ‪ 65‬گونه (‪ 9/70‬درصد)‪ Carangidae ،‬با ‪ 45‬گونه (‪6/27‬‬ ‫درصد)‪ Serranidae ،‬با ‪ 25‬گونه (‪ 3/73‬درصد)‪ Apogonidae ،‬با ‪ 25‬گونه (‪ 3/73‬درصد)‪ Lutjanidae ،‬با ‪ 23‬گونه (‪ 3/43‬درصد) و ‪ Blenniidae‬با ‪ 23‬گونه (‪3/43‬‬ ‫درصد) متنوعترین خانوادههای ماهیان خلیج فارس هستند‪.‬‬ ‫کلماتکلیدی‪ :‬تنوع ماهیها‪ ،‬آرام‪-‬هند‪ ،‬خلیج فارس‪ ،‬دریای عمان‪ ،‬ایران‪.‬‬ ‫‪171‬‬