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Overview |
Main identification features
- 1st dorsal fin : x: distance between 1st dorsal fin and 2nd dorsal fin ~ 1st dorsal fin base
- back - oblique wiggly lines
- belly: without marks
Body elongate and rounded; dorsal fins well-separated (distance between them
Generally silver, back with blackish, oblique wavy lines; no lines on belly.
Size: attains 64 cm.
Habitat: epipelagic, coastal; occurs in schools and undergoes extensive summer migrations into temperate regions.
Depth: 0- 300 m.
Indo-Pacific; mainly in subtropical and temperate seas; in the eastern Pacific it ranges from Alaska to the Gulf of California to central Mexico, and the Revillagigedos; from Costa Rica to Chile, and Cocos, Malpelo and the Galapagos Archipielago.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 300 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: Pelagic crustacea; octopus/squid/cuttlefish; zooplankton; bony fishes; pelagic fish larvae; pelagic fish eggs.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=60; Southern limit=-30; Western limit=-135; Eastern limit=-71; Latitudinal range=90; Longitudinal range=64.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore; Planktivore.
FishBase Habitat: Pelagic.
Global Endemism: Indo-Pacific only (Indian + Pacific Oceans); TEP non-endemic; West + East Pacific (but not Central); "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Offshore; In & Offshore.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 64 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; California + Peruvian provinces, primarily; Temperate Eastern Pacific, primarily; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Mid Water; Near Surface; Surface; Water column only;
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Names | |
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Links to other sites | |
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References |
- Abbott, J.F., 1899., The marine fishes of Peru., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51:324-364.
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Collette , B. B. and Nauen, C. E., 1983., Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO species catalogue Vol. 2., FAO Fish. Synop. No 125, 125.
- Collette, B.B., 1999., Mackerels, molecular, and morphology. In Proc. 5th Indo-Pac. Fish. Conf. Nouméa, 1977. Séret B. & J. Sire. Eds., Soc. Fr. Ichtyol.:149-164.
- Collette, B.B., Reeb, C. and Block, B.A., 2001., Systematics of the tunas and mackerels (Scombridae)., Fish Physiology, 19:1-33.
- De la Cruz , J. , Galvan , F. , Abitia , L. A. , Rodriguez , J. and Gutierrez, F. J., 1994., Lista sistematica de los peces marinos de Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur (Mexico). Systematic List of marine fishes from Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur (Mexico)., Ciencias Marinas, 20:17-31.
- Eschmeyer , W. N. , Herald , E. S. and Hamman, H., 1983., A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Peterson Field Guide Ser. 28., Houghton Mifflin:336pp.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2., FAO3:1201-1813.
- Fowler, H.W., 1944., Results of the Fifth George Vanderbilt Expedition (1941) (Bahamas, Caribbean sea, Panama, Galapagos Archipelago and Mexican Pacific Islands). The Fishes., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel., Monographs, 6:57-529.
- Franke , R. and Acero P., A., 1992., Peces óseos comerciales del Parque Gorgona, Pacífico Colombiano (Osteichthyes: Elopidae, Chanidae, Exocoetidae, Belonidae y Scombridae)., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 40:117-124.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., Pérez-España, H., Chávez-Ramos, H., 1996., Systematics list of the fishes from Cerralvo island, Baja California Sur, Mexico., Ciencias Marinas, 22:295-311.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
- González Navarro , E. and Saldierna Martínez, R., 1997., Zooplancton de la Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S. (1990-1991). En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:43-58.
- Grove , J.S. and Lavenberg, R. J., 1997., The fishes of the Galápagos islands., Stanford University Press:863 pp.
- Hildebrand, S.F., 1946., A descriptive catalog of the shore fishes of Peru., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 189:1-530.
- Houttuyn,., 1782., Beschryving van eenige Japanese visschen, en andere zee-schepzelen., Verh. Holl. Maatsch. Wet. Haarlem, 20:311-350.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Jordan , D.S. and Bollman, C.H., 1890., Descriptions of new species of fishes collected at the Galapagos Islands and along the coast of the United States of Colombia, 1887-88, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer 'Albatross'., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 12:149-183.
- Joseph , J. , Klawe , W. and Murphy, P., 1988., Tuna and Billfish - fish without a country., Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission:69.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Meek , S.E. and Hildebrand, S.F., 1923., The marine fishes of Panama. Part I., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. Publ., XV:1-330.
- Molina, L., Danulat, E., Oviedo, M., González, J.A., 2004., Guía de especies de interés pesquero en la Reserva Marina de Galápagos., Fundación Charles Darwin / Agencia Espeñola de Cooperación Internacional / Dirección Parque Nacional Galápagos, 115pp.
- Pérez-Mellado, J., Findley, LL. F., 1985., Evaluación de la ictiofauna acompañante del camarón capturado en las costas de Sonora y norte de Sinaloa, México. In Yáñez-Arancibia, A. (Ed.) Recursos pesqueros potenciales de México: La pesca acompañante del camarón., Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México: Cap. 5:201-254.
- Ramírez Rodríguez, M., 1997., Producción pesquera en la Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S.. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:273-282.
- Ricker, K.E., 1959., Mexican shore and pelagic fishes collected from Acapulco to Cape San Lucas during the 1957 cruise of the "Marijean"., Univ. Brit. Columbia Inst. Fish., Mus. Contrib., 3:18pp.
- Rodríguez-Romero, J., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sanchez, F.J., Aguilar-Palomino, B., Arvizú-Martínez, J., 1998., Ecology of fish communities from the soft bottoms of Bahía Concepción, México., Arch. Fish. Mar. Res., 46:61-76.
- Snodgrass , R. E. and Heller, E., 1905., Papers from the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos expedition, 1898-1899. XVII. Shorefishes of the Revillagigedo, Clipperton, Cocos and Galapagos Island., Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 6:333-427.
- Starks, E. C., 1906., On a Collection of fishes made by P. O. Simons in Ecuador and Peru., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 30:761-800.
- Stepien , C.A. and Rosenblatt, R.H., 1996., Genetic divergence in antitropical pelagic marine fishes (Trachurus, Merluccius, and Scomber) between North and South America., Copeia, 1996:586-598.
- Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
- Walker, B. W. and Baldwin, W. J., 1964., Provisional check list of fishes of the Revillagigedo islands., 18 pp.
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I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Scomber&speciesname=japonicus ---> http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Scomber&speciesname=japonicus
http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Scomber&speciesname=japonicus ---> https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Scomber&speciesname=japonicus
https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Scomber&speciesname=japonicus ---> https://fishbase.net.br/summary/Scomber-japonicus.html
Scomber japonicus, Chub mackerel : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish, bait
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Scombriformes
(Mackerels) >
Scombridae
(Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology:
Scomber:
Greek, skombros = tunny or mackerel, 1623 (Ref.
45335
)
;
japonicus:
Named after Japan, its type locality (Ref.
6885
)
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref.
51243
); depth range 0 - 300 m (Ref.
168
), usually 50 - 200 m (Ref.
35185
). Subtropical; 10°C - 27°C (Ref.
35185
); 60°N - 48°S, 116°E - 70°W
Indo-Pacific: anti-tropical, absent from the Indian Ocean except for South Africa, KZN to Western Cape (58304).
Reports from Atlantic incl. Mediterranean are
Scomber colias
, and from Red Sea and northern Indian Ocean are
Scomber australasicus
(Ref.
27328
).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
26.1
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 64.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9015
); common length : 30.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref.
168
); max. published weight: 2.9 kg (Ref.
26550
); max. reported age: 18 years (Ref.
35185
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 9 - 11;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 112;
Anal
spines
: 1;
Anal
soft rays
: 12 - 14;
Vertebrae
: 31. Interpelvic process small and single. No well developed corselet. Swim bladder present. First haemal spine posterior to first interneural process; 12 to 15 interneural bones under first dorsal fin. Anal fin spine conspicuous, clearly separated from anal rays but joined to them by a membrane. Back with narrow stripes which zigzag and undulate. Belly unmarked (Pacific population) or with wavy lines (Atlantic pop.) (Ref.
168
). Caudal peduncle with 5 finlets on the upper and lower edge. Distance between dorsal fins shorter than or equal to the first dorsal fin base (Ref.
35388
).
A coastal pelagic species, to a lesser extent epipelagic to mesopelagic over the continental slope (Ref.
168
). Schooling by size is well developed and initiates at approximately 3 cm (Ref.
168
); may also form schools with
Sarda chiliensis
,
Trachurus symmetricus
and
Sardinops sagax
(Ref.
9340
). Adults stay near the bottom during the day; go up to the open water at night, (Ref.
5377
) where they feed on copepods and other crustaceans, fishes and squids (Ref.
168
). They spawn in batches (Ref.
51846
). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref.
6769
). In Asian waters, they move to deeper water and remain inactive during the winter season (Ref.
4576
). Commercially cultured in Japan. Marketed fresh, frozen, smoked, salted and occasionally canned (Ref.
9684
). Eaten fried, broiled and baked (Ref.
9988
). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref.
12166
).
Spawning most often occurs at water temperatures of 15° to 20°C. Spawn in several batches with 250 to 300 eggs per g of fish with the total number of eggs per female ranging from 100,000 to 400,000.
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen
, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref.
168
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
01 June 2022
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; bait: usually
FAO - Fisheries:
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 9.3 - 27.7, mean 20.7 °C (based on 1526 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00662 - 0.00830), b=3.05 (3.02 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.6 (3.1 - 5.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 24
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.12-0.22; tm=2-3; tmax=18).
Prior r = 0.48, 95% CL = 0.32 - 0.73, Based on 3 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649
): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
High
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 48.8 [16.2, 118.3] mg/100g; Iron = 2.18 [0.83, 5.26] mg/100g; Protein = 20.9 [19.8, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.358 [0.247, 0.525] g/100g; Selenium = 98.1 [37.9, 229.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.7 [3.5, 60.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.846 [0.514, 1.358] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
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Updated: 2024-05-07 07:00:43 gmt
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