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List of Freshwater Fishes reported from Malaysia
n = 651
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Table 1: 628 species currently present in the country/island (endemic, native, introduced, reintroduced);
Table 2: 10 species possibly present in the country/island (stray, questionable);
Table 3: 13 species demonstrated to be absent in the country/island (extirpated, not established, misidentification, error).
Table 4: 651 species reported from the country/island altogether.
Table : 651 .
     
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Family Species Author Info Occurrence Common names Abundance Max length Maturity Remark Photo
Osphronemidae Sphaerichthys osphromenoides Canestrini, 1860 Fr native   6.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Found in blackwater peat swamp in North Selangor (Ref. 42706). Also found in Rajang Basin in Sarawak, Borneo (Ref. 57780). Also Ref. 4835. 
Gobiidae Stenogobius ingeri Watson, 1991 Fr native   6.87 cm SL male/unsexed ;6.29 cm SL female  Known from Sabah in northeastern Borneo (Ref. 34009). Also Ref. 7050.  No picture yet.
Gobiidae Stigmatogobius pleurostigma (Bleeker, 1849) Fr native   6.40 cm SL male/unsexed  Known from Selangor and Sarawak (Ref. 56945). 
Gobiidae Stigmatogobius sadanundio (Hamilton, 1822) Fr, Br native  Goby (English), Belodok kerapu (Malay), Belukor (Malay)  9.00 cm SL male/unsexed  Type locality of Gobius apogonius: Pinanag (Ref. 43716). 
Gobiidae Stigmatogobius sella (Steindachner, 1881) Fr native   4.00 cm SL male/unsexed   
Gobiidae Stiphodon atropurpureus (Herre, 1927) Fr native   5.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Recorded from Pulau Tioman (Ref. 41184). 
Gobiidae Stiphodon aureorostrum Chen & Tan, 2005 Fr endemic  scarce (very unlikely) 5.25 cm SL male/unsexed ;6.03 cm SL female  Type locality, lower reaches of Sungai Keliling, Juara, ZRC 46412 (holotype of Stiphofon aureorostrum, 5.2 cm SL, male). Known only from the freshwater streams of Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia. Found in the lower reaches of Sungai Keliling, Juara Bay, eastern Tioman; however an individual was observed by ISC in the lower reaches of Sungai Paya on the western side of the island. Apparently rare in the type locality, which seems to be predominated by Glossogobius celebius (Ref. 58086).  No picture yet.
Cyprinidae Striuntius lateristriga (Valenciennes, 1842) Fr native   18.60 cm TL male/unsexed  Most common primary freshwater fish in drainages of Pulau Tioman (Ref. 41184). Recorded from Gelami and Tinggi Rivers, Pahang River system (Ref. 97588). Also Ref. 7020, 26580. 
Cyprinidae Striuntius lineatus (Duncker, 1904) Fr native   5.30 cm SL male/unsexed   
Sundadanionidae Sundadanio axelrodi (Brittan, 1976) Fr native   2.25 cm SL male/unsexed  Known from the Rajang Basin in Sarawak, Borneo (Ref. 57780). 
Sundadanionidae Sundadanio margarition Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011 Fr native   1.97 cm SL male/unsexed  Known only from the peat swamp forests and blackwater streams from the Rajang and Sarawak River drainages and probably in between (Ref. 88800).  No picture yet.
Ehiravidae Sundasalanx microps Roberts, 1981 Fr native   2.30 cm TL male/unsexed  Known from the Rajang Basin in Sarawak, Borneo (Ref. 57780). 
Nemacheilidae Sundoreonectes sabanus (Chin, 1990) Fr native    Type locality: Mountain rapids in Mendolong area, Sipitang Dist., Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia, elev. 750 m. (Ref. 33021).  No picture yet.
Botiidae Syncrossus hymenophysa (Bleeker, 1852) Fr, Or native   21.00 cm SL male/unsexed  Known from the Rajang Basin in Sarawak, Borneo (Ref. 57780). Also Ref. 7020, 1632, 26580. 
Botiidae Syncrossus reversus (Roberts, 1989) Fr native   10.30 cm SL male/unsexed  Known from Borneo. 
Cyprinidae Systomus rubripinnis (Valenciennes, 1842) Fr native   25.00 cm SL male/unsexed  Occurs in Peninsular Malaysia (Ref. 4835). Also found in Rajang Basin in Sarawak, Borneo (Ref. 57780). Also Ref. 26580, 36654. 
Gobiidae Taenioides gracilis (Valenciennes, 1837) Fr, Br native   30.00 cm TL male/unsexed   
Dorosomatidae Tenualosa macrura (Bleeker, 1852) Fr, Br, M native  Longtail shad (English), Terubuk laut (Malay), Herring (English), Shad (English), Small-mouth tenualosa (English), Bengkalis (Malay), Chee kark (Malay), Empirit (Malay), Ikan bengkalis (Malay), Temparik (Malay), Terubok (Malay), Terubok laut (Malay), Terubuk (Malay)  52.00 cm SL male/unsexed   
Dorosomatidae Tenualosa toli (Valenciennes, 1847) Fr, Br, M, Fi native  Toli shad (English), Terubuk sungai (Malay), Big-mouthed tenualosa (English), Chinese herring (English), Herring (English), Bekawal (Malay), Bengkalis (Malay), Chee kark (Malay), Temparik (Malay), Terubuk (Malay), Terubuk jantan (Malay), Terubuk mulut besar (Malay), Terubuk padi (Malay), Terubuk payau (Malay)  60.00 cm TL male/unsexed 29 FL Recorded from the Rajang Basin in Sarawak, Borneo (Ref. 57780). Considered to be the most commercially and culturally important estuarine fish in Sarawak (Ref. 57780). 
Terapontidae Terapon jarbua (Fabricius, 1775) Fr, Br, M native  Jarbua terapon (English), Kerong jalur (Malay), Crescent perch (English), Croaker (English), Grunter (English), Small-scaled terapon (English), Tiger perch (English), Bagat (Malay), Gelama (Malay), Gendang-gendang (Malay), Kelong-kelong (Malay), Kerong-kerong (Malay), Kirong-kirong (Malay), Mengkerong (Malay), Rumpak (Malay), San gaa (Malay)  36.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Recorded from Pulau Tioman (Ref. 41184). Based on Photo by J.E. Randall. Sipadan Island (Ref. 28620). Remark: and Labroides bicolor. 
Cobitidae Theriodes sandakanensis (Inger & Chin, 1962) Fr native   4.40 cm TL male/unsexed  Known from Sabah, northern Borneo.  No picture yet.
Cyprinidae Thynnichthys thynnoides (Bleeker, 1852) Fr native   25.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Known from Perak and Pahang. 
Cyprinidae Tor douronensis (Valenciennes, 1842) Fr, Fi, Ft native  Pelian (Not specified), River carp (English), Belian (Malay), Kelah (Malay)  35.00 cm TL male/unsexed 40.2 TL Found in Crocker Range Park river system in Sabah (Ref. 56147). 
Cyprinidae Tor tambra (Valenciennes, 1842) Fr native   100.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Known from Danum valley and Kuamut headwaters. Juveniles are common in high velocity areas of small, rocky streams while larger individuals to 35 cm SL are found in the main channel of the Segama river (Ref. 34011). Also recorded from the Rajang Basin in Sarawak, Borneo (Ref. 57780). Also Ref. 26580. 
Cyprinidae Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) Fr, Fi misidentification   100.00 cm SL male/unsexed 59.9 TL Known from Malay Peninsula and Borneo. Recorded from Danum valley Segama and Kuamut headwaters (Ref. 34011), Rajang Basin in Sarawak, Borneo (Ref. 57780) and Gelami and Tinggi Rivers, Pahang River system (Ref. 97588). Also Ref. 4537, 26580, 27732. The species in Malaysia, previously classified as Tor tambroides refers to T. tambra (Ref. 114649). 
Toxotidae Toxotes chatareus (Hamilton, 1822) Fr native  Spotted archerfish (English), Sumpit tanda (Malay), Archerfish (English), Riflefish (English), Sumpit-sumpit (Malay)  40.00 cm SL male/unsexed  Recorded from the lower Segama (Ref. 34011). Also 36654. 
Toxotidae Toxotes jaculatrix (Pallas, 1767) Fr, Br native  Banded archerfish (English), Sumpit belang (Malay), Archerfish (English), Riflefish (English), Sumpit-sumpit (Malay)  30.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Recorded from Pulau Tioman (Ref. 41184) and Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia (Ref. 121464). Also Ref. 27550. 
Toxotidae Toxotes microlepis Günther, 1860 Fr, Br native  Smallscale archerfish (English), Sumpit tompok (Malay), Archerfish (English), Riflefish (English), Sumpit-sumpit (Malay)  15.00 cm SL male/unsexed   
Osphronemidae Trichopodus cantoris (Günther, 1861) Fr native      No picture yet.
Osphronemidae Trichopodus leerii (Bleeker, 1852) Fr native   12.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Also Ref. 1739. Endangered species (Ref. 4835). 
Osphronemidae Trichopodus pectoralis Regan, 1910 Fr, Fi, Aq introduced  Snakeskin gouramy (English), Sepat siam (Malay) abundant (always seen in some numbers) 25.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Known from the Rajang Basin in Sarawak, Borneo (Ref. 57780). Formed an important fishery in the country (Ref. 1739 and 6095). An important fish for the subsistence fisheries in the paddy growing areas (Ref. 84801). Genetic research (genetic relationship studies using electrophoretic markers) for the aquaculture sector is being done in the country (Ref. 55327). Introduced in the Krian rice-bowl area, northwestern Peninsular Malaysia. Has colonized swamps, canals and rice paddies where it yields 94-202 kg/ha but has been badly affected by double cropping of rice and wide use of pesticides. Has also displaced to some extent the native T. trichopterus (Ref. 6095). 
Osphronemidae Trichopodus trichopterus (Pallas, 1770) Fr, Thr native  Two-spot gouramy (English), Sepat padi (Malay), Sepat ronggeng (Malay)  15.00 cm SL male/unsexed  Recorded from the lower Segama (Ref. 34011), Pulau Tioman (Ref. 41184) and Rajang Basin in Sarawak, Borneo (Ref. 57780) and Gelami and Tinggi Rivers, Pahang River system (Ref. 97588). May be endangered due to the introduction of Trichogaster pectoralis (Ref. 6095). Also Ref. 4789, 36654. 
Osphronemidae Trichopsis vittata (Cuvier, 1831) Fr native  Karim (Malay)  8.00 cm TL male/unsexed   
Danionidae Trigonopoma gracile (Kottelat, 1991) Fr native   5.50 cm SL male/unsexed  Listed among the rare or extinct species of peninsular Malaysia (Ref. 4835). Also Ref. 26580. 
Danionidae Trigonopoma pauciperforatum (Weber & de Beaufort, 1916) Fr native   7.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Found in Johore (Ref. 2091) and Rajang Basin in Sarawak, Borneo (Ref. 57780). Museum: Trengganu, Merchang, CAS-SU 47237 (Ref. 2091). 
Danionidae Trigonostigma heteromorpha (Duncker, 1904) Fr native   5.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Known from Perak, Selangor, Negri Sembilan, Johor and Pahang (Ref. 122370). Also Ref. 4537. 
Danionidae Trigonostigma truncata Tan, 2020 Fr native   2.51 cm SL male/unsexed  Known from Peninsular Malaysia, Terengganu. Syntopic species collected from Kuala Brang and Dungun swamp in Terengganu include the following: Barbodes cf. binotatus, Desmopuntius hexazona, Osteochilus vittatus, O. waandersii (Cyprinidae); Boraras maculatus, Rasbora bankanensis, R. cephalotaenia, R. usonensis, R. einthovenii, R. paucisqualis, Trigonopoma gracile, T. pauciperforatum (Danionidae); Acanthopsoides sp.,Lepidocephalichthys furcatus, Pangio cuneovirgata, P. piperata, P. semicincta, P. muraeniformis (Cobitidae); Homalopteroides nebulosus (Balitoridae); Nemacheilus selangoricus (Nemacheilidae); Barbucca diabolica (Barbuccidae); Hemibagrus capitulum, Nanobagrus fuscus, Pseudomystus stenomus (Bagridae); Silurichthys hasseltii (Siluridae); Parakysis verrucosus (Akysidae); Clarias leiacanthus (Clariidae); Neostethus smithi (Phallostethidae); Bihunichthys sp. (Chaudhuriidae); Hemirhamphodon pogonognathus (Zenarchopteridae); Xenentodon canciloides (Belonidae; Doryichthys martensii (Syngnathidae); Brachygobius xanthomelas (Gobiidae); Pristolepis grooti (Pristolepididae); Nandus nebulosus (Nandidae); Betta stigmosa, Luciocephalus pulcher, Parosphomenus paludicola (Osphronemidae) (Ref. 122370).  No picture yet.
Nemacheilidae Tuberoschistura baenzigeri (Kottelat, 1983) Fr native   4.20 cm SL male/unsexed  Occurs in Malay Peninsula (Ref. 26580). 
Soleidae Typhlachirus lipophthalmus (Károli, 1882) Fr, Br, M native   10.00 cm SL male/unsexed  Type locality of Synaptura lipophthalma, Sarawak, Borneo. Known from the lower reaches of Sungai Sadong of the Sadong River basin and Sungai Kuap of the Sarawak River basin (Ref. 126196).  No picture yet.
Dasyatidae Urogymnus polylepis (Bleeker, 1852) Fr native  Freshwater whipray (English), Pari dulang sungai (Malay), Giant freshwater stingray (English), Pari air tawar (Malay), Pari sungai (Malay)  240 cm WD male/unsexed  Recorded from Mukah, Sarawak, and in Sandakan, Sabah. First records are sightings from Kukup and Sungai Sembrong in Johor, Pulau Bruit in Sarawak, and Tanjung Batu Laut in Sabah (Ref. 127999). 
Vaillantellidae Vaillantella euepiptera (Vaillant, 1902) Fr native   12.00 cm SL male/unsexed  Known from Borneo. 
Vaillantellidae Vaillantella maassi Weber & de Beaufort, 1912 Fr native   12.50 cm SL male/unsexed  Occurs in Sumatra and Malay Peninsula Ref. 26580). 
Siluridae Wallago attu (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Fr native  Tapah (Malay)  240 cm TL male/unsexed   
Siluridae Wallago leerii Bleeker, 1851 Fr native  Tapah (Malay)  150 cm TL male/unsexed  Known from Pahang, Terengganu and Selangor in Peninsular Malaysia (Ref. 12455). Also recorded from the Rajang Basin in Sarawak, Borneo (Ref. 57780). 
Siluridae Wallago maculatus Inger & Chin, 1959 Fr, Fi endemic   100.00 cm SL male/unsexed  Known only from Sabah, northern Borneo. Collected in the main Kinabatangan River as well as in small forest tributaries. Also recorded from Danum Valley and lower Segama (Ref. 34011). Also Ref. 13275. 
Belonidae Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822) Fr native   40.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Recorded from Gelami and Tinggi Rivers, Pahang River system (Ref. 97588). 
Apogonidae Yarica hyalosoma (Bleeker, 1852) Fr, Br native  Humpbacked cardinalfish (English), Sebekah bonggol (Malay), Cardinalfish (English), Sebekah (Malay), Semangka (Malay), Seriding (Malay), Serodong (Malay)  17.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Recorded from Pulau Tioman (Ref. 41184). 
Zenarchopteridae Zenarchopterus dispar (Valenciennes, 1847) Fr, Br native  Feathered river-garfish (English), Jolong kajangan (Malay), Jolong-jolong (Malay)  19.00 cm TL male/unsexed   
Zenarchopteridae Zenarchopterus ectuntio (Hamilton, 1822) Fr native  Halfbeak (English), Jolong sembir (Malay), Jolong-jolong (Malay), Nyulung (Malay)  18.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Also Ref. 4833. 
Zenarchopteridae Zenarchopterus gilli Smith, 1945 Fr, Br, M native  Viviparous halfbeak (English), Jolong beguk (Malay), Halfbeak (English), Jolong-jolong (Malay), Nyulung (Malay)  20.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Recorded from Pulau Tioman (Ref. 41184). 
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