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Spicara smaris Picarel

Spicara smarisis commonly referred to as Picarel. Difficulty in the aquarium: Only for advanced aquarists. A aquarium size of at least 3000 Liter is recommended. Toxicity: Toxic hazard unknown.

Profilbild Urheber Anne Frijsinger & Mat Vestjens, Holland

© Anne Frijsinger & Mat Vestjens, Holland


Courtesy of the author Anne Frijsinger & Mat Vestjens, Holland Anne Frijsinger & Mat Vestjens, Holland. Please visit www.natuurlijkmooi.net for more information.

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lexID:
4565 
AphiaID:
126830 
Scientific:
Spicara smaris 
German:
Schnauzenbrasse, Laxierfisch 
English:
Picarel 
Category:
Seabreams 
Family tree:
Animalia (Kingdom) > Chordata (Phylum) > Actinopterygii (Class) > Perciformes (Order) > Centracanthidae (Family) > Spicara (Genus) > smaris (Species) 
Initial determination:
(Linnaeus, ), 1758 
Occurrence:
Russland, the Black Sea, Albania, Algeria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, East-Atlantic Ocean, France, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Lebanon, Madeira, Malta, Northern Africa, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Syrian Arab Republic, the Canary Islands, the Mediterranean Sea, Turkey, Ukraine 
Sea depth:
15 - 328 Meter 
Size:
5.91" - 7.87" (15cm - 20cm) 
Temperature:
62.6 °F - 71.6 °F (17°C - 22°C) 
Food:
Brine Shrimp Nauplii, Brine Shrimps, Cyclops, Daphnia salina, Mysis, Zooplankton 
Tank:
659.94 gal (~ 3000L)  
Difficulty:
Only for advanced aquarists 
Offspring:
Not available as offspring 
Toxicity:
Toxic hazard unknown 
CITES:
Not evaluated 
Red List:
Least concern (LC)  
Related species at
Catalog of Life:
 
Author:
Publisher:
Meerwasser-Lexikon.de
Created:
Last edit:
2021-10-07 08:00:15 

Info

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Distribution:
Eastern Atlantic: entire Mediterranean, the Black Sea, southern Sea of Azov, and Atlantic coasts from Portugal to Morocco, including the Canary Islands and Madeira.

Biology:
Depth range from 15-170 m but up to depth of 328 m in the eastern Ionian Sea.
Inhabit Posidonia beds and muddy bottoms.
Occur in schools except during breeding.

Synonymised taxa:
Maena smaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Smaris alcedo (Risso, 1810)
Smaris gracilis Bonaparte, 1836
Smaris maurii Bonaparte, 1836
Smaris smaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Smaris vulgaris Valenciennes, 1830
Sparus alcedo Risso, 1810
Sparus smaris Linnaeus, 1758
Spicara alcedo (Risso, 1810)

Scientific paper

  1. Philometra spicaraesp. n. (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the abdominal cavity of the marine fish (picarel)Spicara smaris(Centracanthidae) off Sicily, Italy, František Moravec; Gabriella Gaglio; Salvatore Giannetto; Fabio Marino, 2010
  2. Metal Levels in Tissues of the European Anchovy,Engraulis encrasicolusL., 1758, and Picarel,Spicara smarisL., 1758, from Black, Marmara and Aegean Seas, Aysun Türkmen; Yalçın Tepe; Mustafa Türkmen, 2008
  3. Seasonal variation in the fatty acid composition of three Mediterranean fish – sardine (Sardina pilchardus), anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus) and picarel (Spicara smaris), Spiros Zlatanos; Kostas Laskaridis, 2007
  4. Age, growth and mortality of picarel, Spicara smaris L. (Pisces: Centracanthidae), from the eastern Adriatic (Croatian coast), J. Dulčić; A. Pallaoro; P. Cetinić; M. Kraljević; A. Soldo; I. Jardas, 2003
  5. Discrimination between populations of picarel (Spicara smaris L., 1758) in the Aegean Sea, using multivariate analysis of phenetic characters, Kosmas Vidalis; George Markakis; Nikolaos Tsimenides, 1997
  6. Age determination and growth of picarel (Spicara smaris) from the Cretan continental shelf (Greece), K. Vidalis; N. Tsimenidis, 1996
  7. Growth, mortality and yield per recruit model of picarel (Spicara smaris L.) on the eastern Turkish Black Sea coast, Ali Ismen, 1995
  8. Analysis of two models for picarel (Spicara smaris L.) growth using Schnute's micro-simplex nonlinear estimation procedure, A. Tsangridis; N. Filippousis, 1994
  9. Use of length-frequency data in the estimation of growth parameters of three Mediterranean fish species: bogue (Boops boops L.), picarel (Spicara smaris L.) and horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus L.), A. Tsangridis; N. Filippousis, 1991

External links

  1. FishBase (multi). Abgerufen am 07.08.2020.
  2. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (multi). Abgerufen am 07.10.2021.
  3. Wikipedia (de). Abgerufen am 07.08.2020.
  4. World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) (en). Abgerufen am 07.08.2020.

Pictures

Commonly

Copyright Stefano Guerrieri, Foto Tuscany, Italien
1
Copyright Stefano Guerrieri, Foto Tuscany, Italien
1
© Anne Frijsinger & Mat Vestjens, Holland
1
© Anne Frijsinger & Mat Vestjens, Holland
1
© Anne Frijsinger & Mat Vestjens, Holland
1
copyright Prof. Dr. Robert A. Patzner
1

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