Dokumen - Pub Check List of The Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America 1nbsped 8574303615 9788574303611

Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of
South and Central America
Organized by
Roberto E. Reis
Sven O. Kullander
Carl J. Ferraris, Jr.
EDIPUCRS
Porto Alegre, 2003

Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul
Chanceler
Dom Dadeus Grings
Reitor
Norberto Francisco Rauch
Vice-Reitor
Joaquim Clotet
Pró Reitor de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação

Urbano Zilles
Diretor do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia

Jeter Jorge Bertoletti
Conselho Editorial Edipucrs

Antoninho Muza Naime Jayme Paviani Telmo Berthold
Antonio Mario Pascual Bianchi Luiz Antônio de Assis Brasil Urbano Zilles (presidente)
Délcia Enricone Regina Zilberman Vera Lúcia Strube de Lima
Copyright © 2003 Edipucrs

Todos os direitos reservados
Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul
Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
Impressão: Gráfica Epecê, com filmes fornecidos
C514 Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America / Orga
nized by Roberto E. Reis, Sven O. Kullander, Carl J. Ferraris, Jr. –
Porto Alegre : EDIPUCRS, 2003.
742 p.
ISBN 85-7430-361-5
1. Ictiologia. 2. Peixes de Água Doce – Taxonomia. 3. Peixes de Água

Doce – América Central – Catálogos. 4. Peixes de Água Doce – América
do Sul – Catálogos. I. Reis, Roberto E. II. Kullander, Sven O. III Ferraris
Jr., Carl J.
CDD 597.09298
Cataloging data prepared by the Sector of Technical Processing of the Central Library
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul
ii
Foreword
The present Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of trade, conservation status and trade, legislation and
South and Central America (CLOFFSCA) is a product regulations. Without valid identification and classifica-
of exciting scientific detective work and an outstand- tion, knowledge on individual species is of limited
ing example of voluntary international collaboration. usefulness beyond the immediate purpose and certainly
Why attach superlatives to a ‘simple’ annotated check does not allow any cost-effective inferences on related,
list of fish names? Several reasons explain this apprec- yet little researched, species or other expanded use.
iation. They relate to the what it is, who did it and
Though not without its own problems, the willing-
how.
ness of CLOFFSCA authors to include at least some of
First and foremost, it has taken a sheer incredible the more accessible local or vernacular names is
amount of detailed scrutiny of old and not so old commendable. Local names, though often not unam-
source material, not readily accessible to a large pub- biguous and unique like scientific names, are the ma-
lic, to reconstruct the sources of names, descriptions jor access route to information for the majority of
and occurrence of almost 4,500 species of Neotropical people. This is borne out by an analysis of FishBase
freshwater fishes. In the process, tentative evidence on use, ostensibly the most utilised public information
a large number of undescribed species was uncovered system on fishes, which shows that about 40% of all
and provides direction for where future work is much search entries are via the local name. In addition, the
needed for completeness. Perhaps as many as 1,550 inclusion of local names in scientific classifications
species are thus estimated to await scientific descrip- can build bridges between local ecological and ethno-
tion. The result is the core information on identity and graphic knowledge and scientific knowledge.
classification, which links so much of the other types
CLOFFSCA enables countries to step up their
of knowledge on Neotropical fishes, their ecosystems
compliance with the Convention on Biological Diver-
and the various types of use into a coherent whole.
sity (CBD). CBD demands documentation and conser-
CLOFFSCA provides the platform from which vation of global biodiversity – the very foundation of
work can proceed in two complementary directions: (i) the smaller number of species directly used by hu-
more detailed national lists or other functional sub-sets mankind. 187 countries were already parties to CBD
of this almost continental core information, e.g. by in early 2003, making it one of the most widely rati-
river catchment; and (ii) expanding the arrangement of fied or accepted international treaties ever. Yet the
other types of knowledge associated with the valid institutionalization of mechanisms at national and
identity of a species, e.g. geographical range, use as a local level which would ensure systematic practice of
food species (and associated processing characteristics) the principles and commitments enshrined in CBD is
or suitability for aquaculture, value in the aquarium
iii
still a long way off. The present publication is a step in Among the human factors were the sense of initia-
this direction. tive with a clear understanding of the objective, the
mutual respect between the collaborators cemented
Secondly, getting 64 authors from Southern Amer-
and further developed through direct interaction at two
ica, North America and Europe with different cultural
workshops and the leadership of the editors to keep the
backgrounds under one roof is a fine piece of interna-
undertaking on course throughout.
tional scientific cooperation, all the more remarkable
as it was not supported by big funding or even a for- Key among the material conditions was the availa-
mal project. It was initiated by a vision of Rainer bility of two core electronic databases relevant to the
Froese, the FishBase team leader and the trustful rela- undertaking, namely Bill Eschmeyer’s Catalog of
tionship between the editors, Sven Kullander, Roberto Fishes with names of all genera and species of recent
E. Reis, and Carl J. Ferraris, Jr. and the numerous fishes and FishBase, the electronic encyclopedia on
authors and supporters and the sense of purpose and the world’s fishes, which had been launched and de-
achievement developed in this voluntary collaboration. veloped by Rainer Froese and Daniel Pauly into a
It was sustained by all partners making available their global collaboration around a public knowledge good.
knowledge and institutional resources, driven by intel- Backed up by the highly dedicated FishBase team in
lectual curiosity and a desire to render research useful the Philippines, CLOFFSCA work could start with a
for society and using limited available funds judicious- pre-structured information base provided by these two
ly. sources and then bring in the CLOFFSCA collabora-
tors’ knowledge about Neotropical fishes for a com-
The European Commission has supported interna-
plete review of accessible knowledge of this large
tional scientific cooperation (INCO) based on mutual
group of freshwater fishes. Thanks to information
respect and partnership since 1983. This experience
technology, under conditions of mutual trust, a ‘labor-
serves in good stead with the ambitious process to
atory without walls’ developed and produced the
create a European Research Area open to the world, in
check list.
which the best scientific competence of Europe and its
partners in different parts of the world is harnessed to The European Commission has supported the
improve our common understanding of the Earth’s FishBase collaboration from the very beginning and
ecosystems and help to make the transition towards has been very pleased with its extremely fruitful inte-
rebuilding and sustainable use of their natural wealth. raction with the California Academy of Sciences’ Cat-
Every good cooperation experience, like the one alog of Fishes and more recently CLOFFSCA. In addi-
bringing about CLOFFSCA, is a valuable building tion to this printed version of CLOFFSCA, the materi-
block in this much larger endeavor. The achievement al can be accessed globally through FishBase, thus
should serve as inspiration to others of what voluntary adding significant value to the work accomplished. I
collaboration can do. trust that the check list provides a very useful baseline
for systematic knowledge of Neotropical fishes and
Finally, how did the group of dedicated individu-
thus enables improved compilation of other biological
als and their institutions make it happen – and in a
and ecological knowledge around it, but also consti-
relatively short period of time at that? As is usually the
tutes a great stimulus to explore the knowledge gaps it
case, several factors combined favorably.
is making apparent.
Cornelia E. Nauen
European Commission, DG Research
iv
Contents
Foreword iii Anguilliformes

Contents v Anguillidae 33
List of Contributors viii By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Introduction 1 Ophichthyidae 35
Methods 4 By S. O. Kullander
Acknowledgments 9 Clupeiformes
References 10 Clupeidae 36
Check List By S. O. Kullander & C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Petromyzontiformes Engraulidae 39
Geotriidae 11 By S. O. Kullander & C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
By S.O. Kullander & B. Fernholm Pristigasteridae 43
Carchariniformes By M. C. C. de Pinna & F. di Dario
Carcharinidae 13 Characiformes
By M. R. de Carvalho & J. D. McEachran Parodontidae 46
Pristiformes By C. S. Pavanelli
Pristidae 17 Curimatidae 51
By M. R. de Carvalho & J. D. McEachran By R. P. Vari
Myliobatiformes Prochilodontidae 65
By R. M. C. Castro & R. P. Vari
Potamotrygonidae 22
By M. R. de Carvalho N. R. Lovejoy & R. S. Anostomidae 71
Rosa By J. C. Garavello & H. A. Britski
Lepisosteiformes Chilodontidae 85
By R. P. Vari & S. J. Raredon
Lepisosteidae 29
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr. Crenuchidae 87
By P. A. Buckup
Osteoglossiformes
Hemiodontidae 96
Osteoglossidae 30
By F. Langeani
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Gasteropelecidae 101
Arapaimidae 31
By S. H. Weitzman & L. Palmer
Characidae
Elopiformes
Species Incertae Sedis 104
Megalopidae 32
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr. Genera Incertae Sedis 106
v
By F. C. T. Lima, L. R. Malabarba, P. A. Buckup, Loricariidae 318

J. F. Pezzi da Silva, R. P. Vari, A. Harold, R. Be- Lithogeneinae 318
nine, O. T. Oyakawa, C. S. Pavanelli, N. A. Me- Neoplecostominae 319
nezes, C. A. S. Lucena, M. C. S. L. Malabarba, Z. By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
M. S. Lucena, R. E. Reis, F. Langeani, L. Cassati, Hypoptopomatinae 321
V. A. Bertaco, C. Moreira & P. H. F. Lucinda By S. A. Schaefer
Agoniatinae 170 Loricariinae 330
By F. C. T. Lima & A. Zanata By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Clupeacharacinae 171 Hypostominae 351
By F. C. T. Lima By C. Weber
Iguanodectinae 172 Ancistrinae 373
By C. Moreira By S. Fisch-Muller
Bryconinae 174 Pseudopimelodidae 401
By F. C. T. Lima By O. A. Shibatta
Serrasalminae 182 Heptapteridae 406
By M. Jégu By F. A. Bockmann & G. M. Guazzelli
Aphyocharacinae 197 Pimelodidae 432
By R. S. Lima By J. G. Lundberg & M. W. Littmann
Characinae 200 Ariidae 447
By C. A. S. Lucena & N. A. Menezes By A. P. Marceniuk & C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Stethaprioninae 209 Doradidae 456
By R. E. Reis By M. H. Sabaj & C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Tetragonopterinae 212 Auchenipteridae 470
By R. E. Reis By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Rhoadsiinae 213 Gymnotiformes
By A. R. Cardoso
Gymnotidae 483
Cheirodontinae 215 By R. Campos-da-Paz
By L. R. Malabarba
Sternopygidae 487
Glandulocaudinae 222 By J. S. Albert
By S. H. Weitzman
Rhamphichthyidae 492
Acestrorhynchidae 231 By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
By N. A. Menezes
Hypopomidae 494
Cynodontidae 234 By J. S. Albert
By M. Toledo-Piza
Apteronotidae 497
Erythrinidae 238 By J. S. Albert
By O. T. Oyakawa
Osmeriiformes
Lebiasinidae 241
Galaxiidae 503
By M. Weitzman & S. H. Weitzman
By T. M. Berra
Ctenoluciidae 252
Ophidiformes
By R. P. Vari
Bythitidae 507
Siluriformes
By J. G. Nielsen
Incertae Sedis 254
Batrachoidiformes
Diplomystidae 255
Batrachoididae 509
By B. B. Collette
Cetopsidae 257
Gobiesociformes
By R. P. Vari & C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Gobiesocidae 511
Aspredinidae 261
By J. P. Friel
Atheriniformes
Nematogenyidae 268
By M. C. C. de Pinna Atherinidae 513
By B. S. Dyer
Trichomycteridae 270
By M. C. C. de Pinna & W. Wosiacki Atherinopsidae 515
By B. S. Dyer
Callichthyidae 291
By R. E. Reis Cyprinodontiformes
Scoloplacidae 310 Rivulidae 526
By S. A. Schaefer By W. J. E. M. Costa
Astroblepidae 312 Cyprinodontidae 549
By S. A. Schaefer By W. J. E. M. Costa
Poeciliidae 555
vi
By P. H. F. Lucinda By L. Casatti
Anablepidae 582 Polycentridae 603
By M. J. Ghedotti By R. Britz & S. O. Kullander
Beloniformes Cichlidae 605
Belonidae 586 By S. O. Kullander
By N. R. Lovejoy & B. B. Collette Mugilidae 655
Hemirhamphidae 589 By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
By B. B. Collette Gobiidae 657
Syngnathiformes By S. O. Kullander
Syngnathidae 591 Pleuronectiformes
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr. Achiridae 666
Synbranchiformes By R. T. C. Ramos
Synbranchidae 594 Tetraodontiformes
By S. O. Kullander Tetraodontidae 670
Perciformes By S. O. Kullander
Percichthyidae 596 Lepidosireniformes
By G. Arratia Lepidosirenidae 671
Perciliidae 598 By G. Arratia
By G. Arratia Index of Scientific Names 673
Sciaenidae 599
vii
List of Contributors
James S. Albert P.O. Box 1429 Museu Nacional

Florida Museum of Natural History 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS Quinta da Boa Vista
University of Florida Brazil 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ
Gainesville FL 32611-7800 bertaco@pucrs.br Brazil
USA buckup@acd.ufrj.br
Flávio A. Bockmann
albert@flmnh.ufl.edu
Laboratório de Ictiologia (LIRP) Ricardo Campos-da-Paz
Gloria Arratia Departamento de Biologia FFCLRP- Departamento de Vertebrados
Museum für Naturkunde USP Museu Nacional
der Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 Quinta da Boa Vista
Institut für Systematische Zoologie 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ
Invalidenstr. 43 Brazil Brazil
D-10099 Berlin fabockmann@ffclrp.usp.br rcpaz@ig.com.br
Germany
Heraldo A. Bristki Alexandre R. Cardoso
gloria.arratia@rz.hu-berlin.de
Museu de Zoologia Laboratory of Ichthyology
Ricardo Benine Universidade de São Paulo Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia
Laboratório de Ictiologia (LIRP) P.O. Box 42594 PUCRS
Departamento de Biologia FFCLRP- 04299-970 São Paulo, SP P.O. Box 1429
USP Brazil 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS
Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 heraldo@usp.br Brazil
14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP alexrc@pucrs.br
Ralf Britz
Brazil
Lehrstuhl für Spezielle Zoologie Marcelo R. de Carvalho
rbenine@netsitemail.com.br
Universität Tübingen Department of Ichthyology
Tim M. Berra Auf der Morgenstelle 28 American Museum of Natural History
Department of Evolution, Ecology & D-72076 Tübingen Central Park West at 79th Street
Organismal Biology Germany New York, NY 10024-5192
The Ohio State University Present address: USA
Mansfield, Ohio 44906 Division of Fishes marcelo@amnh.org
USA National Museum of Natural History
Lilian Cassati
berra.1@osu.edu Washington D.C. 20560
Laboratório de Ictiologia
USA
Vinicius A. Bertaco Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica
britz.ralf@nmnh.si.edu
Laboratory of Ichthyology IBILCE-UNESP
Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia Paulo A. Buckup Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265
PUCRS Departamento de Vertebrados 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP
viii
Brazil Sonia Fisch-Muller Sweden

licasatti@hotmail.com Department d’Herpetologie et sven.kullander@nrm.se
d’Ichtyologie
Ricardo M. C. Castro Francisco Langeani Neto
Museum d’Histoire Naturelle
Laboratório de Ictiologia (LIRP) Laboratório de Ictiologia
P.O. Box 434
Departamento de Biologia FFCLRP- Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica
CH-1211 Genève
USP IBILCE-UNESP
Switzerland
Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265
sonia.muller@mhn.ville-ge.ch
14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP
Brazil John P. Friel Brazil
rmcastro@usp.br Museum of Vertebrates langeani@zoo.ibilce.unesp.br
Cornell University
Bruce Collette Flávio C. T. Lima
E151 Corson Hall
National Marine Fisheries Service Museu de Zoologia
Ithaca, NY 14853-2701
Systematics Laboratory MRC 153 Universidade de São Paulo
USA
National Museum of Natural History P.O. Box 42594
jpf19@cornell.edu
Washington DC, 20560-0153 04299-970 São Paulo, SP
USA Júlio C. Garavello Brazil
collette.bruce@nmnh.si.edu Departamento de Ciências Biológicas fctlima@usp.br
Universidade Federal de São Carlos
Wilson J. E. M. Costa Rosana S. Lima
Via Washington Luiz, km 235
Laboratório de Ictiologia Geral e Apli- Museu de Zoologia
P.O. Box 676
cada Universidade de São Paulo
13565-905 São Carlos, SP
Departamento de Zoologia – UFRJ P.O. Box 42594
Brazil
P.O. Box 68049 04299-970 São Paulo, SP
garavello@power.ufscar.br
21944-970 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
Brazil Michael J. Ghedotti rosanasl@ufba.br
wcosta@acd.ufrj.br Regis University
Michael W. Littmann
Department of Biology
William G. R. Crampton The Academy of Natural Sciences
3333 Regis Boulevard
Projecto Mamirauá Department of Ichthyology
Denver, CO 80221-1099
Caixa Postal 38 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway
USA
Tefé, AM Philadelphia, PA 19103
mghedott@regis.edu
Brazil USA
willc@argo.com.br Gizelani M. Guazelli littmann@acnatsci.org
Museu de Zoologia
Fabio di Dario Nathan R. Lovejoy
Universidade de São Paulo
Museu de Zoologia Department of Ichthyology and Herpe-
P.O. Box 42594
Universidade de São Paulo tology
04299-970 São Paulo, SP
P.O. Box 42594 Royal Ontario Museum
Brazil
04299-970 São Paulo, SP 100 Queen's Park
guazelli@ib.usp.br
Brazil Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6
fddario@ib.usp.br Antony S. Harold Canada
Grice Marine Biological Laboratory nate_lovejoy@umanitoba.ca
Brian Dyer
Department of Biology
Escuela de Pesquerías y Cultivos Carlos A. S. Lucena
College of Charleston
Universidad del Mar Laboratory of Ichthyology
205 Fort Johnson
Carmen # 446, Cº Los Placeres Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia
Charleston, SC 29412
Valparaíso, PUCRS
USA
Chile P.O. Box 1429
harolda@cofc.edu
bdyer@udelmar.cl 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS
Michel Jégu Brazil
Bo Fernholm
Antenne Ird, UR 131 lucena@pucrs.br
Swedish Museum of Natural History
Laboratoire d'Ichtyologie, M.N.H.N.
P.O. Box 50007 SE-104 05 Zilda Margarete S. Lucena
43 rue Cuvier
Stockholm Laboratory of Ichthyology
75231 Paris Cedex 05
Sweden Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia
France
bo.fernholm@nrm.se PUCRS
jegu@mnhn.fr
P.O. Box 1429
Carl J. Ferraris, Jr.
Sven O. Kullander 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS
2944 NE Couch St.
Department of Vertebrate Zoology Brazil
Portland, OR 97232
Swedish Museum of Natural History margarete@pucrs.br
USA
P.O. Box 50007
cferraris@msn.com Paulo H. F. Lucinda
SE-104 05 Stockholm
Laboratório de Ictiologia
ix
Universidade do Tocantins - Campus Jørgen G. Nielsen Roberto E. Reis

de Porto Nacional Zoological Museum Laboratory of Ichthyology
Caixa Postal 25 Universitetsparken 15 Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia
77500-000 Porto Nacional, TO 2100 Copenhagen PUCRS
Brazil Denmark P.O. Box 1429
plucinda@unitins.br jgnielsen@zmuc.ku.dk 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS
Brazil
John G. Lundberg Osvaldo T. Oyakawa
reis@pucrs.br
The Academy of Natural Sciences Museu de Zoologia
Department of Ichthyology Universidade de São Paulo Ricardo S. Rosa
1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway P.O. Box 42594 Depto de Sistemática e Ecologia
Philadelphia, PA 19103 04299-970 São Paulo, SP Universidade Federal da Paraíba
USA Brazil 58059-900 João Pessoa, PB
lundberg@acnatsci.org oyakawa@usp.br Brazil
rsrosa@dse.ufpb.br
Luiz R. Malabarba Lisa Palmer
Laboratory of Ichthyology Division of Fishes Mark Sabaj
Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia National Museum of Natural History The Academy of Natural Sciences
PUCRS Smithsonian Institution Department of Ichthyology
P.O. Box 1429 Washington, D.C. 20560-0159 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway
90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS USA Philadelphia, PA 19103
Brazil palmer.lisa@nmnh.si.edu USA
malabarb@pucrs.br sabaj@acnatsci.org
Carla S. Pavanelli
Maria Cláudia S. L. Malabarba Fundação Universidade Estadual de Scott A. Schaefer
Laboratory of Paleontology Maringá Division of Vertebrate Zoology
Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia Nupelia American Museum of Natural History
PUCRS Av. Colombo, 3690 Central Park West @ 79th Street
P.O. Box 1429 87020-900 Maringá, PR New York, NY 10024-5192
90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil USA
Brazil carlasp@nupelia.uem.br schaefer@amnh.org
mariacm@pucrs.br
José F. Pezzi da Silva Oscar A. Shibatta
Alexandre P. Marceniuk Laboratory of Ichthyology Departamento de Biologia Animal e
Museu de Zoologia Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia Vegetal
Universidade de São Paulo PUCRS Centro de Ciências Biológicas
P.O. Box 42594 P.O. Box 1429 Universidade Estadual de Londrina
04299-970 São Paulo, SP 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS 86051-990 Londrina, PR
Brazil Brazil Brazil
almar@ib.usp.br pezzi@pucrs.br shibatta@uel.br
John D. McEachran Mário C. C. de Pinna Mônica Toledo-Pizza
Department of Wildlife & Fishery Museu de Zoologia Departamento de Zoologia
Science Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências
Texas A&M University P.O. Box 42594 Universidade de São Paulo
22587 AMU 04299-970 São Paulo, SP Caixa Postal 11461
College Station, TX 77843-2258 Brazil 05422-970 São Paulo, SP
USA pinna@ib.usp.br Brazil
j-mceachran@tamu.edu mtpiza@usp.br
Robson T. C. Ramos
Naércio A. Menezes Depto de Sistemática e Ecologia Richard P. Vari
Museu de Zoologia Universidade Federal da Paraíba Division of Fishes
Universidade de São Paulo 58059-900 João Pessoa, PB National Museum of Natural History
P.O. Box 42594 Brazil Smithsonian Institution
04299-970 São Paulo, SP robtamar@dse.ufpb.br Washington, D.C. 20560-0159
Brazil USA
Sandra J. Raredon
naercio@usp.br vari.richard@nmnh.si.edu
Division of Fishes
Cristiano Moreira National Museum of Natural History Claude Weber
Museu de Zoologia Smithsonian Institution Department d’Herpetologie et
Universidade de São Paulo Washington, D.C. 20560-0159 d’Ichtyologie
P.O. Box 42594 USA Museum d’Histoire Naturelle
04299-970 São Paulo, SP raredon.sandra@nmnh.si.edu P.O. Box 434
Brazil CH-1211 Genève
cmoreira@ib.usp.br
x
Switzerland National Museum of Natural History Brazil

claude.weber@mhn.ville-ge.ch Smithsonian Institution wolmar@museu-goeldi.br
Washington, D.C. 20560-0159
Marilyn Weitzman Angela M. Zanata
USA
Division of Fishes Museu de Zoologia
weitzman.stan@nmnh.si.edu
National Museum of Natural History Universidade de São Paulo
Smithsonian Institution Wolmar Wosiacki P.O. Box 42594
Washington, D.C. 20560-0159 Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi 04299-970 São Paulo, SP
USA Laboratório de Ictiologia Brazil
weitzman.marilyn@nmnh.si.edu Av. Magalhães Barata, 376 zanata@ib.usp.br
P.O. Box 399
Stanley H. Weitzman
66040-170 Belém, PA
Division of Fishes
xi
xii
Introduction
What is CLOFFSCA? What matters in this world is not only economic

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD for profit. The intellectual gains from research on an inex-
short), established in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, was a haustible global biological diversity is fundamental to
major effort in several respects relevant to systematic any rational use of natural biological resources, and
research and the use of organisms. It made clear that the basic science dealing with biodiversity is system-
mankind is dependent not on farm products alone, but atic research.
on the functional interaction of the totality of the or- The CBD prescribes that all countries should es-
ganisms on earth, the biological diversity. It stressed tablish lists of their national fauna and flora. Even for
that this diversity is still unknown for the most part, most developed countries, this remains a huge under-
that properties of unknown or little known organisms taking, much more so for tropical countries which
may be of vital interest to mankind, and that the obli- mostly have other primary concerns with available
gation of management and right of exploitation of local funding. The only option is to organize local and in-
diversity remains with the nation or traditional ethnic ternational expertise to at least give such lists a start.
groups occupying the particular area. Several projects have been started in this direction,
The convention had several desirable effects. One notably GBIF the Global Biodiversity Information
was increased awareness of diversity itself, and focus Facility, but also FishBase, Species2000, and similar
on the presumed extremely species rich tropical for- database projects which on a smaller scale paved the
ested regions of earth. Another was awareness of the way for the bigger undertakings. Ali of these are
need for sustainable use not only of farmland, but also driven by scientists, and all recognize that mapping the
of natural resources and need for research on natural world's biodiversity cannot be done with national
harvesting and new channels for distribution of profits concerns, but have to be based on a scientific ap-
from natural products to benefit rural societies to a proach. In the Neotropics, the NEODAT project has
greater extent than before. existed for two decades with the goal to collect and
share all kinds of information of interest to the sys-
The undesirable effect was that numerous coun- tematic study of Neotropical freshwater fishes.
tries closed their boundaries to systematic research for
tear of economic exploitation, and whereas deforesta- CLOFFSCA is one more contribution towards the
tion and other large scale destructive activities contin- objectives of the CBD. It is intended to be a metho-
ued as before or even accelerated, the exploration of dologically precise, complete, and reliable list of all
biodiversity suffered greatly. freshwater fishes occurring in the Neotropical realm.
and can be used as a platform for both national and cerned. Authors have also compiled brief family de-
regional checklists. scriptions.
The bibliographic references at the end of each
The objectives of CLOFFSCA family account were pulled from FishBase according
CLOFFSCA is a biodiversity inventory of the to references given in the checklist proper, u s u a l l y
freshwater fishes of South and Central America, in- with considerable updates provided by the authors.
cluding the Caribbean islands. It meets two immediate
Editors have acted as pushers, and to quite some
objectives, the first to list all known taxa for the regi-
extent guided the work to comply with the intended
on, and the second to establish a platform for keeping
format. Over the four years of existence, editors have
the inventory updated. The most frustrating part of
met once to compile the final revisions, but otherwise
making a checklist is knowing that the day after publi-
corresponded by email. A major event in CLOFFSCA
cation, it will inevitably be outdated by new discoveri-
history was the gathering in September 2000 of more
es; but in fact the checklist will boost new discoveries
than half of the author score for a brainstorming in
because it makes it easier to spot new taxa.
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. The week-long
exercise also included several non-specialists from
How CLOFFSCA was accomplished northern South America and the Caribbean region
CLOFFSCA was made possible by two database re- working with country checklists and FishBase staff.
sources combined with a large number of systematic The meeting was especially fruitful in providing a
expertise. The Catalog of Fishes compiled by William better understanding of, and coordination of higher
N. Eschmeyer at the California Academy of Sciences, level systematics. There were considerable differences
is the first large-scale animal names registry to become in the family classification of the Neotropical fishes
available in electronic form and covers all generic and between the Catalog, FishBase, and the active scien-
species names of Recent fishes: 10,300 generic and tists, and CLOFFSCA reflects the opinion of the sci-
subgeneric names, and 53,500 specific and subspecific entists.
names (Eschmeyer, 1998: 7), The Catalog also forms The final version of CLOFFSCA was ready by the
an important part of the taxonomic backbone in end of 2002, and the publishing house of the Pontifícia
FishBase, which is a global information system Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul accepted
covering all aspects of fish biology, created by Daniel to publish the volume.
Pauly and Rainer Froese (Froese & Pauly, 2000) and
developed into one of the most comprehensive Present status of systematic ichthyology in South
electronic data sources of any larger animal group. and Central America
FishBase contributed the staff for editing and entering
information into a version of the Catalog. Both the The volume on Phylogeny and Classification of Neo-
Catalog and FishBase have had free access to tropical Fishes (Malabarba et al., 1998) was a mile-
CLOFFSCA information and in this way all three stone in Neotropical ichthyology, with numerous spe-
projects have benefited from the enterprise. cialists presenting overview information on nearly all
groups of Neotropical freshwater fishes. As exposed in
The editors invited experts for each family or sub- this volume, Neotropical fish systematics is still a
family of Neotropical fishes to participate in dynamic field, with numerous problems still to be
CLOFFSCA. In the end 64 persons, mostly from South resolved, but it also reflects the existence of a stable
America, some from North America, and a few in platform grounded in cladistic methodology and with
Europe, were enlisted. All experts have exerted strong taxon coverage being a major obstacle. The Neotropi-
ambitions and considerable devotion to the task, and cal fish fauna is an extremely rich component of the
only two eventually gave up the idea. For groups global freshwater fish fauna, including about 6,000 of
where no experts were available, the editors have made the world's about 13,000 freshwater fish species.
the compilations to the best of their ab ility .
Many areas of the Neotropics are still not
FishBase sent excerpts of names to the authors, ichthyologically explored, and large collections exist
who prepared lists of valid names with synonyms, and that have still not been carefully studied by specialists.
these clean lists were then used for successive revi-
sions of information as now displayed in CLOFFSCA, How many Neotropical freshwater fish species are
in clu d in g valid name and all synonyms with there?
publication reference, information on name-bearing
types, and type locality, as well as information on The information available from CLOFFSCA can be
geographical distribution, length, and common name, used in numerous ways to calculate fish biodiversity,
and when needed also remarks on the status of the and will be a significant tool for creating regional.
taxon con-
2
drainage, or country lists of species. Here we will be the estimated existing fish species in Neotropical
content to look at species numbers by family. freshwater to 6,025 (Table 1). This is slightly higher
CLOFFSCA recognizes 4,475 valid species of Neo- than the traditional recent estimate of 5,000 South
tropical freshwater fishes. This is the exact figure of the American freshwater fishes (Schaefer, 1998: 377), but
known species richness of the Neotropical freshwater much less than Schaefer's (1998:378) calculated esti-
fish fauna. Altogether, 1,550 undescribed species may mate of possibly more than 8,000 Neotropical fresh-
be estimated from authors' expertise or conjectures and water fish species.
knowledge about ongoing work, bringing
TABLE 1. Numbers of valid, estimated undescribed, and total estimate of freshwater species in Neotropical
freshwaters, in systematic order. Estimates may be considered low, and even for families with no expected new
species, at least the more species rich families have a potential for new discoveries.
FAMILY VALID UNDESC TOTAL FAMILY VALID UNDESC TOTAL

SPECIES SPECIE SPECIES SPECIES SPECIES SPECIES
Geotriidae 2 0 2 Heptapteridae 186 52 238
Carcharhinidae 1 0 1 Pimelodidae 83 45 128
Pristidae 2 0 2 Pseudopimelodidae 26 14 40
Potamotrygonidae 18 5 23 Ariidae 46 10 56
Lepisosteidae 1 0 1 Doradidae 74 25 99
Osteoglossidae 2 0 2 Auchenipteridae 91 40 131
Arapaimatidae 1 0 1 Gymnotidae 19 10 29
Megalopidae 1 0 1 Sternopygidae 27 20 47
Anguillidae 1 0 1 Rhamphichthyidae 13 5 18
Ophichthidae 1 0 1 Hypopomidae 25 20 45
Clupeidae 10 0 10 Apteronotidae 52 30 82
Engraulididae 20 10 30 Galaxiidae 6 0 6
Pristigasteridae 5 0 5 Bythitidae 6 0 6
Parodontidae 23 6 29 Batrachoididae 5 0 5
Curimatidae 97 10 107 Gobiesocidae 7 0 7
Prochilodontidae 21 0 21 Atherinidae 3 0 3
Anostomidae 138 25 163 Atherinopsidae 94 12 106
Chilodontidae 7 0 7 Rivulidae 235 35 270
Crenuchidae 73 30 103 Cyprinodontidae 58 10 68
Hemiodontidae 28 10 38 Poeciliidae 216 53 269
Gasteropelecidae 9 2 11 Anablepidae 15 3 18
Characidae 952 400 1352 Belonidae 9 0 9
Acestrorhynchidae 15 3 18 Hemiramphidae 2 0 2
Cynodontidae 14 2 16 Syngnathidae 5 0 5
Erythrinidae 15 15 30 Synbranchidae 4 10 14
Lebiasinidae 61 12 73 Percichthyidae 5 0 5
Ctenoluciidae 7 0 7 Perciliidae 2 0 2
Diplomystidae 6 1 7 Sciaenidae 21 2 23
Cetopsidae 20 20 40 Polycentridae 2 0 2
Aspredinidae 36 11 47 Cichlidae 406 165 571
Nematogenyidae 1 0 1 Mugilidae 2 0 2
Trichomycteridae 171 55 226 Gobiidae 40 10 50
Callichthyidae 177 45 222 Achiridae 20 5 25
Scoloplacidae 4 2 6 Tetraodontidae 2 0 2
Astroblepidae 54 10 64 Lepidosirenidae 1 0 1
Loricariidae 673 300 973 Total 4475 1550 6025
3
Methods
Summary of Information Included however, include species which are predominantly

marine or brackish water. The Gobiidae are globally
CLOFFSCA lists provide basic nomenclature] infor- chiefly shallow water coastal marine or estuarine
mation on genera and species of freshwater fishes from fishes, with rather few representatives restricted to
South and Central America, including the Caribbean freshwater. Many species of Atherinopsidae are marine
islands. The southern limit extends to the southern tip but migrate to estuaries for spawning, whereas others
of the continent and includes the Falkland Is- are euryhaline or restricted to freshwater. In these and
lands/Islas Malvinas. All Antillean islands are covered, other families with representatives in both fresh and
and all Central America. The northern limit is less more or less saline waters, we have included species
precise. The Neotropical fish fauna is well char- that are likely to be found in freshwater conditions near
acterized by numerous endemic families in South the coast, but excluded species for which available
America, e.g., almost all ostariophysan families. That information suggests that they are only found in salt
fauna extends to southern Mexico, and traditionally the water. Decisions have not always been straightforward
Isthmus of Tehuantepec is considered to be an and for many taxa the relevant information is simply
imprecise northern limit of the Neotropical fauna. The not available. Other families include migratory species,
North American fauna, characterized by circumarctic like the Anguillidae, and Megalopidae, which spend
families like pikes (Esocidae), perches (Percidae) and only part of their life cycle in fresh water. In
cypi'inids (Cyprinidae), extends into northern Mexico. CLOFFSCA, these migratory species are included. A
We include members of Neotropical families that are selection was made of families which only contain
found north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, principally brackish or marine species, some of which are regu-
cichlids and poeciliids, but we exclude North Ameri- larly encountered in fresh water, e.g. the Carcharhini-
can families from that area. Thus, Cyprinidae and dae. We have otherwise strived to exclude essentially
Ictaluridae and are not covered in CLOFFSCA, even marine fishes which would be expected to be covered
though they are represented by several species within by check-lists of coastal and marine fishes. All in all,
the range of the Cichlidae and Poeciliidae in northern CLOFFSCA is a documentation of the highly endemic
Mexico. There is thus a slight overlap with the Ameri- and particular Neotropical freshwater fish fauna, not a
can Fisheries Society checklist of North American field guide to whatever fish might be encountered in
fishes (Robins et al., 1991; new edition in preparation), South or Central American streams and ponds.
but essentially CLOFFSCA complements that
checklist. The coverage is believed to be exhaustive up
Most families included in CLOFFSCA are purely through mid-2002, and probably quite complete also
freshwater fishes. Several of the included families, up through December 2002. New taxa are being des-
4
cribed all the time, and descriptions in obscure litera- Contextual information for species includes
ture are difficult to locate immediately. maximum length, geographical distribution, countries
of occurrence, common names, and remarks and refer-
Classification used ences.
CLOFFSCA classification builds on results covered in Maximum length is derived from various sources
Malabarba et al. (1998), which radically revised views available to authors, but is often not known to a rea-
of both relationships and classification of Neotropical sonable degree of certainty. Many species are known
fishes. CLOFFSCA thus departs from many traditional only from the type series, which may be based on
texts, such as Nelson (1984), Eschmeyer (1998), or subadult specimens. Length information derived from
FishBase, and implements the frontline in systematic systematic sources is usually standard length, abbrevi-
research. This is most notable in the classification of ated SL, which is the length from the tip of the snout
families within catfishes and characids. Research by de to the base of the caudal fin (details of measurement
Pinna (1998) shows that Neotropical catfishes are not may vary between systematic groups, however).
a monophyletic group, but particular families have Length information from other sources, however, is
th ei r closest relatives on other continents, and traditio- commonly total length, abbreviated TL, which is the
nal groups were based on overall similarity rather than length from the tip of the snout to the tip of the caudal
on shared derived characters. Thus, a large part of the fin with the caudal fin lobes pressed together. The size
traditional Pimelodidae here appears as a separate of skates and rays is rather given as disk width, DW,
family, the Hepapteridae, and a smaller component is which is the greatest width between tips of pectoral
now the Pseudopimelodidae. The classification is thus fins.
novel with CLOFFSCA, but is judged to be stable in The geographical distribution refers to river drain-
regard to novel proposals. Ongoing research may fur- ages, lakes, islands or similar geographical features.
ther improve on the classification used herein, howe- and extends to the best of knowledge. The distribution
ver. is only sketchily documented for most species. Geo-
graphical names are mostly in the language of the
Listing standards country where the fishes are distributed. In cases of
Families are arranged in systematic order as far as rivers running through different countries, like the
possible. Two large families, the Characidae and the Maroni (French)/Marowijne (Surinamese), which
Loricariidae, have been subdivided into subfamilies. forms the border between French Guyana and
Several smaller families also contain subfamilies, but Suriname, only one of the names is used consistently.
such are then detailed on only in the family synopsis. We use Paraguay and Uruguay (Spanish) instead of
Paraguai or Uruguai (Brazilian) for two major rivers in
Within families, genera, and species within genera, southern South America, and we use Amazon basin
are listed in alphabetical order under the valid name (English) instead of Amazonas (Brazilian, Spanish) for
for the taxon. Each genus entry is followed by a list of the major river in South America.
synonyms with reference to author, year and page
number in the original publication, followed by the The list of countries simply records the countries
name of the type species and type category (by from which a species is positively recorded. Introduc-
monotypy, original designation, or subsequent desig- tions are indicated as such. Also this list is often to be
nation), and the gender of the generic name (masculine, considered preliminary.
feminine, or neuter). The name of the type species is Common names are listed by country, and derive
the original combination unless particular conditions from FishBase as a principal source, but modified and
require that some other combination be used. completed by authors. Any list of common names of
Synonyms are listed in chronological order. fishes from a large tropical region cannot presently be
The same arrangement is followed for species, but complete. Common names may be unavailable because
in the synonymy list reference is given also to the the species are not recognized by non-systematists, and
principal illustration, if any, in the original publication. particular species may be called by a generic term.
The type locality is intended to be the type locality as Thus, cichlids are known as acará, bujurqui, vieja, or
stated in the original publication. Clarifications or mojarra in different regions, but noncommercial
corrections to the original type locality are sometimes species are often not given particular names. It is also
included in square brackets. Information about type frequently the case that recorded common names
specimens is derived from the original publication or cannot be correlated with a particular species as known
from other sources. in a scientific sense. The recording of common names
thus has a potential for development, and lack of a
common name for any particular
5
species in CLOFFSCA should be considered an inspi- section of each family account, the actual date of pub-
ration for efforts of recording and allocating names lication is listed along with the stated year of publica-
rather than as a shortcoming. tion (usually enclosed in square brackets). More pre-
Remarks and references highlight important recent cise information on the date of publication (i.e., month
revisions, and cases of nomenclatural uncertainty or or month and day) is only provided if that information
different opinion on the status of names. The remarks is relevant to the decision of the valid name for a spe-
and references are certainly not exhaustive. cies in which two or more available names for the
species were published during the same year.
Original spelling of names
Cited page numbers for new names
In the synonymies, we use the original spelling of a
Page numbers provided for each proposed new name
name, as it appears in the original description. The
represent the page of the publication in which the name
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
(ICZN, 1999), says that capital first letters in species is first proposed as new and for which information is
provided that makes the name available. In a few
epithets and diacritic marks have to be corrected to
cases, two page numbers are listed, because the
lower-case letter or deleted, respectively, in subsequent
usage, but we consider it more appropriate to record information needed to make the name available is
divided between those two pages.
here the original spelling rather than introduce
corrections in the citation, particularly because thisIn some 19th and early 20th Century journals, off-
facilitates correction of spelling of names whenever
prints of articles were issued with pagination that dif-
used as valid names. Thus diacritic marks appear in the
fers from that of the article in the journal. In general,
synonym list, but of course may never be used in valid
the page numbers cited herein are the journal numbers
names. and not those of the offprints. However, if evidence
exists that the offprint was issued in advance of the
Type-localities as originally stated by author of journal, that is so noted in the References and the ap-
name propriate page number of the offprint is listed.
The type locality is the locality from which the name In a few cases, cited publications were issued
bearing type was collected. Often the type locality is without pagination. New names described in such
erroneously reported, or place names are misspelled. publications are listed with a page number enclosed in
Sometimes, additional information is available ren- square brackets, with the assumption that the article
dering greater precision to a vaguely expressed type containing the new name began on page 1.
locality. Whenever a neotype is selected, the type lo-
Cuvier and Valenciennes' (1828-1850) Histoire
cality is formally changed to that of the neotype. A
naturelle des Poissons was issued in two, apparently
syntype series consisting of specimens from several
simultaneous, editions. One edition, called (by Bailey
localities has a complex type locality including differ-
1951, 1957) the Regular Edition, consists of 22 vol-
ent geographical sites; when a lectotype is selected, the
umes in octavo format. The other, called the Stras-
type locality automatically becomes that of the
bourg Deluxe Edition, also consists of 22 volumes, but
lectotype. By citing "corrected" type localities or only
in a slightly larger, royal octavo, format. Although the
a neotype locality one loses information that could
contents of each volume the two editions are identical,
affect future revisions negatively. Whenever the cited
the pagination of the volumes differs, with fewer pages
original type locality is different from the known type
in the Strasbourg deluxe edition. Although the
locality, we add information about the known type
existence of the two editions is well known (see Dean,
locality.
1916: 287), most authors have access to only one of the
two editions (usually the Regular Edition, which is
Date of publication of names more widely available), which has resulted in a certain
The date of publication of all names listed herein rep- amount of confusion about the correct page of a new
resents the best available information on what year the name. Herein, we cite the page numbers of the Regular
publication containing the new name, or that portion of Edition. When authors provided page numbers from
the publication in which all elements necessary to the Strasbourg Deluxe Edition, we list those numbers
make the new name available, was actually issued. In in square brackets after the page from the Regular
many cases, this date differs from that stated on the Edition.
publication. Publications were sometimes issued ear-
lier than stated but, more often, the publication was not Genera and species of uncertain relationships
actually issued until a date later than that listed
(sometimes several years later). In the References
6
In several accounts within this volume, genera and DZSASP Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria de
species are listed as valid, but their placement within a Agricultura do Estado de Sao Paulo (specimens now
higher taxon is unclear. These genera and species are at MZUSP)
listed at the beginning of the Order or Family to DZUH Departamento de Zoologia, Universidad de la
which they belong, under the heading Incertae sedis, to Habana, Habana, Cuba
make clear that the species should be considered valid, EEBP Estacao Experimental de Biologia e Piscicultura
but not in the genus in which it was described or any of de Pirassununga, Pirassununga, Brazil
the treated genera. ENCB, ENCB-IPN, IPN, PNCB Instituto Politecnico.
Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas de Mexico,
Names of uncertain status Mexico, Mexico
FCLR Fundacion Cientifica Los Roques, Venezuela
A number of available species names and, in a few
FFSUC Ichthyology Collection, Faculty of Forestry
cases, generic names, for Neotropical fishes could not
Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
be placed either as a valid name or as a synonym of
FML Instituto Fundacion Miguel Lillo, Tucuman,
another name. In general, these names were proposed
Argentina
with descriptions that were not sufficiently precise to
FMNH Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago,
allow the CLOFFSCA author to assign the name to a
USA
particular species and the type or types are either mis-
INHS Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign,
sing or otherwise unavailable for study. These names
USA
have been included at the end of the taxon to which
INPA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia,
their assignment could be made, under the heading
Manaus, Brazil
Species inquirenda (Species inquirendae, pl.) for spe-
ICNMHN Unidad de Ictiologia del Instituto de Cien-
cies names and GENUS INQUIRENDUM (GENERA
cias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural, Universi-
INQUIRENDAE, pl.) for generic names. Species names
dad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
that were not assignable to any genus are listed at the
IRSNB Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Bel-
end of the family account, with SPECIES
gique, Brussels, Belgium
INQUIRENDA in capital letters.
ISER Institutul Speologie Emil G Rachovita, Bucur-
esti, Romania
Museum codes ILPLA Instituto de Limnologia, Museo de La Plata. La
Type specimens of Neotropical fishes are distributed in Plata, Argentina
numerous collections all over the Americas, Europe INVEMAR Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de
and elsewhere. Each such collection is identified by a Punta de Betin, Santa Marta, Colombia
2-5 letter code (sometimes longer). Museum codes IO Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade de Sao
generally follow Leviton et al. (1985), Leviton & Paulo, Brazil. Formerly Instituto Paulista de Oceano-
Gibbs (1988), and Eschmeyer (1998). grafia.
IU Indiana University (now distributed among several
AFAQ Australia Amateur Fisheries Association of North American museums)
Queensland, Australia. Most specimens transferred to IZAC Academia de Ciencias, Instituto de Zoologia, La
Queensland Museum (QM), Brisbane AFY Personal Habana, Cuba
collection of Agustin Fernandez-Yepez, IZUA Universidad Austral de Chile, Instituto de Zo-
Venezuela ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences of ologia, Valdivia, Chile
Philadelphia, KU University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History,
Philadelphia, USA AMNH American Museum of Lawrence, USA
Natural History, New LACM Los Angeles County Museum, Los Angeles,
York, USA AMS Australian Museum, Sydney. USA
Australia BMNH Natural History Museum, London, LGP Laboratorio de Genetica de Peixes. Departamento
UK CAS California Academy of Sciences, San de Biologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
Francisco, LIVCM Merseyside County Museum, Liverpool, UK
USA CBF Coleccion Boliviana de Fauna, Museo MACLPI Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria, Laborato-
Nacional rio de la Seccion de Pesca Interior y Piscicultura.
de Historia Natural, Instituto de Ecologfa, La Paz, Venezuela.
Bolivia CM Carnegie Museum (now in MACN Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales
FMNH) "Bernardino Rivadavia", Buenos Aires, Argentina
DBCUCH Universidad de Chile, Departamento MB Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocage, Lisboa.
de Portugal
Biologia Celular y Genetica, Santiago, Chile
7
MBLUZ Museo de Biologia de la Universidad del PSU Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Ziilia, Venezuela USA
MBUCV Museo de Biologia, Universidad Central de RMNH Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum. Leiden,
Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela The Netherlands
MCNG Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Guanare, Vene- ROM Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada
zuela RUSI South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity.
MCP Museu de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Pontiftcia Grahamstown, South Africa
Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto SIUC Southern Illinois University at Carbondale,
Alegre, Brazil Carbondale, USA
MCN Museu de Ciencias Naturais, Fundacao Zoobo- SMF Senckenberg-Museum, Frankfurt am Main,
tanica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil Germany
MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, SMNS Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde Stuttgart.
Massachusetts, USA Stuttgart, Germany
MFA Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales "Flo- SU Stanford University (now in CAS)
rentine Ameghino", Santa Fe, Argentina TNHC Texas Memorial Museum. Texas Natural His-
MHNG Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Geneve, Swit- tory Collection, Austin, USA
zerland TU Tulane University, Tulane, USA
MLP Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina UAB Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Departa-
MNHN Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, mento de Biologia, Barcelona, Spain
France UANL Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Mon-
MHNLS, SCN Museo de Histona Natural La Salle, terrey, Mexico
Caracas. Venezuela UBJTL Universidad Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano,
MHNM Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, Bogota, Colombia
Montevideo, Uruguay UFPB Universidade Federal de Parafba, Joao Pessoa.
MF1NN Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Neuchatel, Brazil
Switzerland UHMP Universidad de La Habana Museo Poey, La
MNHNC Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santi- Habana, Cuba
ago. Chile UMMZ University of Michigan Museum of Zoology,
MNHNM Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Mex- Ann Arbor, USA
ico, Mexico USNM National Museum of Natural History, Smith-
MNRJ Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil sonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA
MPEG Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Brazil ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum
MRAC Afrika-Museum, Tervuren. Belgium Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
MSNG Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ZMA Zoologisches Museum, Universiteit van Am-
'Giacomo Doria'. Genova, Italy sterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
MTD Museum fur Tierkunde, Dresden ZMB Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt-Universitat,
MUSM Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Berlin, Germany
Museu de Historia Natural 'Javier Prado', Lima, Peru ZMH Zoologisches Museum und Zoologisches Insti-
MZUB Museo Zoologico dell'Universita de Bologna, tut, Universitat Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Bologna, Italy ZMUC Zoological Museum , University of Copenha-
MZUF Universita di Firenze, Museo Zoologico de la gen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Specola, Firenze, Italy ZMUL Lund University, Zoological Museum, Lund.
MZUSP Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Sweden
Paulo. São Paulo. Brazil ZSM Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates,
MZUT Universita di Torino, Museo Zoologico, To- Munchen, Germany
rino. Italy ZUEC Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Depart-
NMNZ National Museum of New Zealand, Welling- mento do Zoologia, Campinas, Brazil
ton, New Zealand ZVC Departamento de Zoologia Vertebrados de la
NMV Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia Facultad de Humanidides y Ciencias, Montevideo.
NMW Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria Uruguay.
NRM Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden
8
Acknowledgments
The initiative to CLOFFSCA was taken by Rainer primarily by Rainer Froese, and database interactions
Froese, FishBase, back in 1998, and soon thereafter programmed by Josephine F. D. Rius. Alexandre Zart,
taken up by the editors, but Rainer Froese continuously CPD-PUCRS, helped with word processor program-
supervising the progress and coordinating the ming for generating the Taxonomic Index.
interactions between the editors and contributors and
The September 2000 workshop in Santo Domingo
the FishBase staff. The project was supported finan-
was ably arranged by Cristina Garilao, Emily Capuli.
cially by The World Fish Center. Penang (then
and Tess Cruz from the FishBase team, and by Carlos
ICLARM, Philippines), channeled through its support
Rodriquez as local host. The workshop funding was
to FishBase staff and operations.
provided by ICLARM, drawing on funds from the
The FishBase scientist team at Los Baiios. Philip- EDF, enabling not less than 23 specialists and regional
pines, E. Emily Capuli, Armi Torres, Christine M. V. biologists from five countries to gather in the Domini-
Casal, Cristina V. Garilao, and Josephine F. D. Rius, can Republic for one week of intense discussions.
managed the data entry and revisions, and produced
CLOFFSCA would have been impossible to make
the pre-printout for CLOFFSCA. Boris Fabres. ad-
without the access to the Catalog of Fishes, designed
ministrator of the FishBase project, coordinated the and compiled by William N. Eschmeyer. California
interactions between FishBase. ICLARM and the EC, Academy of Sciences.
and with the author team. The operation was designed
9
References
Bailey, R.M. 1951. The authorship of names proposed Leviton, A.E. and R.H. Gibbs, Jr. 1988. Standards in
in Cuvier and Valenciennes' "Histoire Naturelle des Herpetology and Ichthyology. Standard symbolic
Poissons." Copeia, 1951:249-251. codes for institution resource collections in herpetol-
Bailey, R.M. 1957. Request for a ruling determining ogy and ichthyology. Supplement No. 1: Additions
the authorship to be attributed to the various portions and corrections. Copeia, 1988: 280-282.
of the work entitled "Historie Naturelle des Poissons" Malabarba, L.R., R.E. Reis, R.P. Van, Z.M. Lucena
written partly by Cuvier and partly by Valenciennes and C.A.S. Lucena (eds.). 1998. Phytogeny and clas-
and published in the period 1828-1850. Bulletin of sification of Neotropical fishes. Edipucrs, Porto Ale-
Zoological Nomenclature, 13(10/11): 309-312. gre.
Cuvier. G. and A. Valenciennes. 1828-1850. Histoire Nelson, J.S. 1994. Fishes of the World. 3rd Edition. J.
Naturelle des Poissons. Ch. Pitois & Ve Levrault, Wiley and Sons, New York, London, Sydney & To-
Paris & Strasbourg. ronto.
Dean, B. 1916. A bibliography of fishes; enlarged and de Pinna, M.C.C. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships of
edited by Charles Rochester Eastman. Vol. 1, A—K. Neotropical Siluriformes (Telesotei: Ostariophysi):
American Museum of Natural History, New York, x Historical overview and synthesis of hypotheses. Pp.
+ 718 p. 279-330 In: L.R. Malabarba, R.E. Reis, R.P. Van,
Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.). 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Cali- Z.M. Lucena & C.A.S. Lucena (eds.). Phylogeny and
fornia Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. classification of Neotropical fishes. Edipucrs, Porto
Froese. R. and D. Pauly. 2000. FishBase 2000: con- Alegre.
cepts, design and data sources. ICLARM, Los Banos, Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker.
Laguna, Philippines, http://www.fishbase.org E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991.
IC/.N [International Commission on Zoological No- Common and scientific names of fishes from the
menclature]. 1999. International Code of Zoological United States and Canada. American Fisheries Soci-
Nomenclature. The International Trust for Zoological ety, Special Publication (20): 183 p.
Nomenclature, London. Schaefer, S.A. 1998. Conflict and resolution: impact of
Leviton, A.E., R.H. Gibbs Jr., E. Heal and C.E. Daw- new taxa on phylogenetic studies of the Neotropical
son. 1985. Standards in Herpetology and Ichthyol- cascudinhos (Siluroidei: Loricariidae). Pp. 375-400
ogy. Fart 1. Standard symbolic codes for institutional In: L.R. Malabarba, R.E. Reis, R.P. Van. Z.M.
resource collections in herpetology and ichthyology. Lucena & C.A.S. Lucena (eds.). Phylogeny and clas-
Copeia, 1985:802-832. sification of Neotropical fishes. Edipucrs, Porto Ale-
gre.
10
Genera Incertae Sedis in Characidae

Flávio C. T. Lima, Luiz R. Malabarba, Paulo A. Buckup, José F. Pezzi da Silva,
Richard P. Vari, Anthony Harold, Ricardo Benine, Osvaldo T. Oyakawa,
Carla S. Pavanelli, Naércio A. Menezes, Carlos A. S. Lucena,
Maria Cláudia S. L. Malabarba, Zilda Margarete S. Lucena,
Roberto E. Reis, Francisco Langeani, Lilian Cassati,
Vinicius A. Bertaco, Cristiano Moreira
and Paulo H. F. Lucinda
Characid genera listed below as Incertae Sedis constitute a largely heterogeneous assemblage of small to large-sized fishes.
Most of these genera had been included in the subfamily Tetragonopterinae (see Géry, 1977). However, considering the
lack of evidence that this subfamily constitutes a monophyletic assemblage (e.g., Weitzman & Fink, 1983; Weitzman &
Malabarba, 1998), this classification was not adopted here. Instead, we preferred to emphasize the fact that interrelation-
ships among the Characidae are poorly known, and only consider subfamilies for which some evidence of monophyly is
available.
Eighty eight genera are listed as Incertae Sedis here, including 620 species. Among these, 64% or 399 species, are assigned
to the speciose, taxonomically poorly known, and possibly not monophyletic genera of Characidae, Hyphessobrycon (97
species), Astyanax (86 species), Moenkhausia (58 species), Bryconamericus (51 species), and Hemigrammus (43 species),
or to Creagrutus (64 species), a group recently revised and for which the taxonomic situation is now clear (Vari & Harold,
2001). In addition, more than 53% or 47 genera included as Incertae Sedis are monotypic and 26% or 23 genera contain
only two or three species.
These mostly small fishes are abundant in rivers and other aquatic habitats throughout the Neotropical region and many
have use as food or pets in the aquarium trade. Also is listed Salminus, the large dourados from the La Plata, São Francisco,
Magdalena, and the periphery of Amazon/Orinoco basins. These predatory, ichthyophagous fishes are one of the main
targets of the professional and amateur fishing in South America and are among the largest Neotropical characiforms. The
bizarre lepidophagous Roeboexodon geryi, the herring-like Triportheus, and the neon tetras of the genus Paracheirodon are
also listed below as Incertae Sedis genera within the Characidae.
Authors to the species below are as follows: Carla S. Pavanelli (Bryconacidnus, Carlastyanax, Genycharax, Gymnochara-
cinus, Gymnotichthys, Hasemania, Markiana, Nematobrycon, Oxybrycon, Parapristella, Parecbasis, Phenagoniates, Pro-
bolodus, Psalidodon, Schultzites, Xenagoniates), Carlos A. S. Lucena (Bryconexodon, Exodon, Serrabrycon), Carlos A. S.
Lucena & Paulo H. F. Lucinda (Gnathoplax, Roeboexodon), Flávio C. T. Lima (Astyanacinus, Axelrodia, Chalceus, Copto-
brycon, Engraulisoma, Inpaichthys, Lignobrycon, Petitella, Piabarchus, Rachoviscus, Salminus, Stygichthys), Flávio C. T.
Lima & Cristiano Moreira (Thayeria), Flávio C. T. Lima & Luiz R. Malabarba (Hyphessobrycon), Flávio C. T. Lima &
Osvaldo T. Oyakawa (Hemigrammus), Francisco Langeani (Bryconella, Microgenys), José F. Pezzi da Silva (Bryconameri-
cus, Ceratobranchia, Knodus), Luiz R. Malabarba (Aphyocharacidium, Aphyodite, Atopomesus, Aulixidens, Boehlkea,
Brittanichthys, Caiapobrycon, Grundulus, Hypobrycon, Leptagoniates, Leptobrycon, Microschemobrycon, Mixobrycon,
Monotocheirodon, Odontostoechus, Othonocheirodus, Paracheirodon, Prionobrama, Pristella, Rhinobrycon, Rhinopetitia,
Thrissobrycon, Tyttobrycon), Maria Cláudia S. L. Malabarba & Flávio C. T. Lima (Triportheus), Naércio A. Menezes
(Bramocharax, Nematocharax, Oligosarcus), Osvaldo T. Oyakawa (Hemibrycon), Paulo A. Buckup (Astyanax, Bryconops,
Jupiaba, Oligobrycon), Ricardo Benine (Bario, Gymnocorymbus, Moenkhausia), Ricardo Benine & Lilian Cassati (Cteno-
brycon, Psellogrammus), Richard P. Vari & Antony Harold (Creagrutus, Piabina), Roberto E. Reis (Attonitus, Parago-
niates, Scissor, Stichonodon, Tucanoichthys), Vinicius A. Bertaco (Hollandichthys, Pseudochalceus), Zilda Margarete S.
Lucena & Carlos A. S. Lucena (Deuterodon).
APHYOCHARACIDIUM locality: brook between upper rios Chaparé and Chimoré (or Ichi-
Aphyocharacidium Géry, 1960b: 24. Type species: Odontostilbe lo), Tributaries of the rio Mamoré into rio Madeira), east of To-
melandetus Eigenmann, 1912. Type by original designation. dos Santos, Central Bolivia, approximately 16°47’S, 65°W. Ho-
Gender: neuter. See comments on relationships in Malabarba lotype: Museum A. Koenig, uncat.
(1998: 232). Maximum length: 2.75 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Mamoré River basin.
Aphyocharacidium bolivianum Géry, 1973 Countries: Bolivia
Aphyocharacidium bolivianum Géry, 1973: 101, fig. 12. Type
106
Aphyocharacidium melandetum (Eigenmann, 1912) masculine.

Odontostilbe melandetus Eigenmann, 1912b: 312, pl. 44, fig. 3. Evenichthys Whitley, 1935: 250. Type species: Tetragonopterus
Type locality: Guyana. Holotype: CM 1878 (missing from fasslii Steindachner, 1915. Type by being a replacement name.
FMNH). Gender: masculine. Replacement for Aequidens Steindachner,
Maximum length: 3.5 cm 1915, preoccupied by Aequidens Eigenmann & Bray, 1894.
Distribution: South America: Essequibo River basin. Anoptichthys Hubbs & Innes, 1936: 3. Type species: Anoptichthys
Countries: Guyana jordani Hubbs & Innes, 1936. Type by original designation.
Gender: masculine.
APHYODITE Astyanax abramis (Jenyns, 1842)
Aphyodite Eigenmann, 1912b: 314. Type species: Aphyodite Tetragonopterus abramis Jenyns, 1842: 123, pl. 23 (figs. 1, 1a).
grammica Eigenmann, 1912b. Type by original designation. Type locality: Río Paraná, up to Rozario [Argentina]. No types
Gender: feminine. See comments on relationships in Malabarba known.
(1998: 230). Maximum length: 5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: La Plata basin; upper Amazon and
Aphyodite grammica Eigenmann, 1912 upper Meta River basins.
Aphyodite grammica Eigenmann, 1912b: 314, pl. 44 (fig. 5). Type Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Peru
locality: Konawaruk [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53408.
Maximum length: 3.2 cm Astyanax alburnus (Hensel, 1870)
Distribution: South America: Essequibo River basin. Tetragonopterus alburnus Hensel, 1870: 85. Type locality: Rio
Countries: Guyana Cadea [Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil]. Holotype: ZMB 7477.
Astyanax hasemani Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson,
ASTYANACINUS 1914: 10. Type locality: Porto Alegre
Astyanacinus Eigenmann, 1907: 769. Type species: Tetragonopte- [Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 56659 [ex CM 5476].
rus moorii Boulenger, 1892. Type by original designation. Gend- Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos basin.
er: masculine. See Géry (1977: 415, 418). Countries: Brazil
Astyanacinus goyanensis Miranda Ribeiro, 1944 Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000
Astyanacinus goyanensis Miranda Ribeiro, 1944: 1, fig. Type Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000: 67, fig. 1. Type
locality: Rio do Couro, Veadeiros, estado de Goiaz [Tocantins locality: rio Grande, represa de Volta Grande, Miguelópolis, SP,
River basin, Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 4129. Brasil (aproximadamente 20°10’S-48°03’W). Holotype: MZUSP
Maximum length: 9 cm SL 18592.
Distribution: South America: Upper Tocantins River basin. Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin.
Countries: Brazil Countries: Brazil
Astyanacinus moorii (Boulenger, 1892) Astyanax angustifrons (Regan, 1908)

Tetragonopterus moorii Boulenger, 1892: 11, pl. 2 (fig. 1). Type Tetragonopterus angustifrons Regan, 1908b: 172, pl. 26 (fig. 5).
locality: Chapala plateau [=Chapada dos Guimarães, upper Para- Type locality: Mexico. Syntypes: (3) BMNH 1857.7.31.9 (1).
guay River basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil]. Syntypes: BMNH Distribution: North America: Mexico (?).
1892.4.29.50-51 (2). Countries: Mexico
Maximum length: 7.5 cm SL Astyanax anterior Eigenmann, 1908
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraguay River basin. Astyanax anterior Eigenmann, 1908: 95. Type locality: Tabatinga
Countries: Brazil [Amazonas, Brazil]. Lectotype: MCZ 89556 [ex MCZ 20768a],
Astyanacinus multidens Pearson, 1924 designated by Eigenmann (1921: 247).
Astyanacinus multidens Pearson, 1924: 41, pl. 9 (fig. 4). Type Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon basin.
locality: Rio Colorado, lower Bopi [Bolivia]. Syntypes: CAS Countries: Brazil
38955 (ex IU 17323) (16); ? MCZ 20826 (1), ? MCZ 21064 (1), Astyanax argyrimarginatus Garutti, 1999
? MCZ 89559 (27), ? UMMZ 66510 (6). Astyanax argyrimarginatus Garutti, 1999: 586, fig. 1. Type locali-
Maximum length: 14 cm TL ty: Aragarças, Córrego Jaraguá, bacia do Rio Araguaia, GO
Distribution: South America: Upper Madeira River basin. (aproximadamente 15°55’S-52°15’W). Holotype: MZUSP
Countries: Bolivia 18592.
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
ASTYANAX Countries: Brazil
Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854: 26. Type species: Astyanax argen-
tatus Baird & Girard, 1854. Type by monotypy. Gender: mascu- Astyanax armandoi Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-
line. Balderas, 1990
Poecilurichthys Gill, 1858: 414, 417. Type species: Poecilurich- Astyanax armandoi Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1990:
thys brevoortii Gill, 1858. Type by subsequent designation by 97, figs. 2 (top), 3a. Type locality: Penjamo, near palenque,
Eigenmann (1910: 432). Gender: masculine. Chiapas, Mexico. Holotype: UANL 6380.
Zygogaster Eigenmann, 1913: 22. Type species: Zygogaster filife- Distribution: North America: Chiapas, Mexico (?).
rus Eigenmann, 1913. Type by original designation. Gender: Countries: Mexico
feminine.
Aequidens Steindachner, 1915a: 34. Type species: Tetragonopte- Astyanax asuncionensis Géry, 1972
rus (Aequidens) fasslii Steindachner, 1915. Type by monotypy. Astyanax (Poecilurichthys) bimaculatus paraguayensis Eigen-
Gender: masculine. Preoccupied by Aequidens Eigenmann & mann, 1921: 256, pls. 62 (fig. 5), 92 (fig. 1). Type locality: Rio
Bray, 1894, in fishes, replaced by Evenichthys Whitley, 1935. Paraguay and upper Rio Tocantins. Syntypes: (179) CAS 38987-
Bertoniolus Fowler, 1918: 141. Type species: Bertoniolus para- 96 and 38999 [ex IU 10005-10010, 10239, 10241-43, 10293]
guayensis Fowler, 1918. Type by original designation. Gender: (44), 38997 [IU 10244] (1), 38998 [ex IU 10247] (1), 39000 [ex
107
IU 11083] (1); FMNH 54643-49 [ex CM 3280-3286] (8, 9, 5, 2, Astyanax brachypterygium Bertaco & Malabarba,
10, 1, 2); + CM 3274 and 3287 missing. 2001
Astyanax bimaculatus asuncionensis Géry, 1972b: 3. Type locali-
Astyanax brachypterygium Bertaco & Malabarba, 2001: 228, fig.
ty: Rio Paraguay and Upper Rio Tocantins. Syntypes: (179) CAS
9. Type locality: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul: Bom Jesus, arroio
38987-96 and 38999 [ex IU 10005-10010, 10239, 10241-43,
Água Branca (28°36’S 50°24’W). Holotype: MCP 26094.
10293] (44), 38997 [IU 10244] (1), 38998 [ex IU 10247] (1),
Maximum length: 5.83 cm TL
39000 [ex IU 11083] (1); FMNH 54643-49 [ex CM 3280-3286]
Distribution: South America: Upper Uruguay and Jacuí River
(8, 9, 5, 2, 10, 1, 2); + CM 3274 and 3287 missing.
basins.
Distribution: South America: Paraguay and lower Paraná River
Countries: Brazil
basin.
Countries: Paraguay Astyanax brevirhinus Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax brevirhinus Eigenmann, 1908: 96. Type locality: Rio
Astyanax atratoensis Eigenmann, 1907
Jequitinhonha [Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 20905.
Astyanax atratoensis Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907: 28,
Maximum length: 10 cm TL
fig. 5. Type locality: Truando, Colombia. Holotype: USNM 1659
Distribution: South America: Jequitinhonha River basin.
(missing).
Countries: Brazil
Distribution: South America: Atratro River basin.
Countries: Colombia Astyanax caucanus (Steindachner, 1879)
Tetragonopterus caucanus Steindachner, 1879: 189. Type locality:
Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Río Cauca, Colombia. Syntypes: ?NMW 57372-76 (2, 3, 2, 2, 2);
Salmo bimaculatus Linnaeus, 1758: 311. Type locality: America
ZMUC 993 (1).
Meridionali. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.34 (1), NRM 7236
Distribution: South America: Cauca River basin
(2).
Countries: Colombia
Tetragonopterus maculatus Müller & Troschel, 1845: 14, pl. 3
(fig. 4). Type locality: Brasilia, Guiana et Surinam. Syntypes: Astyanax chaparae Fowler, 1943
MSNG 9226 [ex ZMB] (2). Astyanax chaparae Fowler, 1943e: 3, fig. 2. Type locality: Todos
?Tetragonopterus gronovii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen- Santos, Bolivia. Holotype: ANSP 69194.
ciennes, 1850: 143. Type locality: Surinam; rivières de La Distribution: South America: Bolivia (?).
Guyane. Syntypes: MNHN 4402 (1), 4414 (1), A.9810 (1), Countries: Bolivia
A.9812 (2). Provisional synonym.
?Tetragonopterus linnaei Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen- Astyanax cordovae (Günther, 1880)
ciennes, 1850: 142. Type locality: Cayenne [French Guiana]. Tetragonopterus cordovae Günther, 1880: 12. Type locality: Río
Holotype: MNHN A.9809. Provisional synonym. de Cordova [Argentina]. Syntypes: BMNH 1872.4.4.4-11 (8).
?Tetragonopterus wappi Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Distribution: South America: Primero River in western Argentina.
1850: 153. Type locality: Not listed in original description [Esse- Countries: Argentina
quibo River, Guyana]. Holotype: MNHN 2636. Provisional syn-
onym. Astyanax cremnobates Bertaco & Malabarba, 2001
?Tetragonopterus vittatus Castelnau, 1855: 66, pl. 33 (fig. 3). Type Astyanax cremnobates Bertaco & Malabarba, 2001: 224, fig. 2.
locality: Bahia [Brazil]. Provisional synonym. Type locality: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul: São Francisco de Pau-
?Poecilurichthys brevoortii Gill, 1858: 417. Type locality: [Island la, tributary of rio Santa Cruz (29°23’S 50°32’W). Holotype:
of] Trinidad. Syntypes: USNM 1113 (2). Provisional synonym. MCP 26093.
Tetragonopterus bartlettii Günther, 1866: 30. Type locality: Upper Maximum length: 8.91 cm SL
Amazons. Syntypes: BMNH 1866.2.15.17-18 (2). Distribution: South America: Upper Jacui and Maquiné River
?Tetragonopterus orientalis Cope, 1870: 559. Type locality: Pará basins.
[Brazil]. Provisional synonym. Countries: Brazil
?Tetragonopterus bahiensis Steindachner, 1877: 571. Type locali-
ty: Bahia, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 57251-52 (2, 1). Provisional Astyanax daguae Eigenmann, 1913
synonym. Astyanax daguae Eigenmann, 1913: 23. Type locality: Cordova
Astyanax bimaculatus borealis Eigenmann, 1908: 96. Type locali- [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56251 [ex CM 5052].
ty: Rio Magdalena and Cauca. Syntypes: 9 specimens, missing. Maximum length: 4 cm TL
Astyanax bimaculatus novae Eigenmann, 1911b: 175, pl. 7 (fig. 2). Distribution: South America: Colombia (?).
Type locality: Rio Sapon, Prazeres, Bahia [Brazil]. Lectotype: Countries: Colombia
FMNH 54641 [ex CM 3278, figured type].
Astyanax rupununi Fowler, 1914: 242, fig. 6. Type locality: Rupu-
Astyanax eigenmanniorum (Cope, 1894)
nuni River, British Guiana, 2°-3°N, 50°20’W. Holotype: ANSP Tetragonopterus eigenmanniorum Cope, 1894: 89, pl. 6 (fig. 8).
39228 [or 39328]. Type locality: Rio Grande do Sul [Restricted to Laguna dos Patos
Astyanax bimaculatus incaicus Tortonese, 1942: 62, pl. 3. Type system, Brazil, by Malabarba (1989)]. Holotype: ANSP 21598.
locality: Rio Zamora, Ecuador. Holotype: MZUT 3560. Distribution: South America: Lower Paraná, Uruguay, and Laguna
Maximum length: 15 cm TL dos Patos drainage.
Distribution: South America: Panama to the Amazon basin. Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuardor, French Guiana, Guyana, Astyanax erythropterus (Holmberg, 1891)
Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela Tetragonopterus erythropterus Holmberg, 1891: 189. Type locali-
Astyanax bourgeti Eigenmann, 1908 ty: Rio de la Plata, Paraná; Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Astyanax bourgeti Eigenmann, 1908: 95. Type locality: Tabatinga Distribution: South America: La Plata River basin.
[Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 89557 [ex MCZ 20768b]. Countries: Argentina
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon basin. Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819)
Countries: Brazil Chalceus fasciatus Cuvier, 1819: 352, pl. 26 (fig. 2). Type locality:
Brésil. Syntypes: MNHN A.9896 (2), A.8653 and 8654 (2).
108
Tetragonopterus rutilus Jenyns, 1842: 125, pl. 23 (fig. 2). Type ?Astyanax hanstroemi Dahl, 1943: 217, fig. Type locality: Río
locality: Rio Paraná, South America. Holotype: BMNH Batatal, trib. to Río San Jorge, Magdalena system, Munic. of
1917.7.14.14. Ayapel, Bolivar Dept., Colombia. Holotype: ZMUL. Provisional
?Tetragonopterus viejita Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, synonym.
1850: 154. Type locality: Lagune de Maracaibo [Venezuela]. ?Astyanax fasciatus orteguasae Fowler, 1943a: 237, fig. 16. Type
Syntypes: MNHN A.9820 (2, poor condition) Lake Maracaibo, locality: Florencia, Río Orteguasa, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP
A.8656 (1, dry) Brazil. Provisional synonym. 70498. Provisional synonym.
Salmo lambari Kner, 1859: 176. Type locality: Irisanga [Brazil]. Maximum length: 10 cm TL
Holotype: 1 specimen 4” long. Distribution: North, Central and South America: Most freshwater
Tetragonopterus aeneus Günther, 1860a: 319. Type locality: Fresh basins from Mexico to Argentina.
waters of Oaxaca (Mexico). Syntypes: BMNH 1860.6.17.41-42 Countries: Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mex-
(2), 1907.4.10.3 (1). ico, Panama, Uruguay, Venezuela
?Tetragonopterus microphthalmus Günther, 1864: 324. Type
locality: Pacific coast of Guatemala; Lake of Amatitlan; Rio Ri- Astyanax fasslii (Steindachner, 1915)
mac. Syntypes: 9 specimens, including BMNH 1864.1.26.349- Tetragonopterus (Aequidens) fasslii Steindachner, 1915a: 48, pl. 4
350 (2) Panama. Provisional synonym. fig.7. Type locality: Colombia. Holotype: NMW.
?Tetragonopterus humilis Günther, 1864: 327. Type locality: Lake Distribution: South America: Western Colombia (?).
Amatitlan [Guatemala]. Syntypes: 4 specimens, but Eschmeyer Countries: Colombia
reports BMNH 1865.4.29.45-50 (6). Provisional synonym.
?Tetragonopterus panamensis Günther, 1864: 324. Type locality: Astyanax festae (Boulenger, 1898)
Pacific coast of Panama. Holotype: 1 specimen, but Eschmeyer Tetragonopterus festae Boulenger, 1898: 2. Type locality: Rio
lists syntypes as (4) BMNH 1864.1.26.415 (1), ZMB 6801 (2). Vinces [Ecuador]. Syntypes: BMNH 1898.11.4.65-70 (6),
Provisional synonym. MSNG 34953 (1), MZUF 2698 (1), MZUT 1743 (1).
?Tetragonopterus finitimus Bocourt, 1868: 62. Type locality: Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
environs d’Orizaba. Syntypes: MNHN 5223 (2). Provisional Countries: Ecuador, Peru
synonym. Astyanax filiferus (Eigenmann, 1913)
?Tetragonopterus cobanensis Bocourt, 1868: 62. Type locality: Zygogaster filiferus Eigenmann, 1913: 23. Type locality: Apulo
Rivière de Coban, Guatemala. Syntypes: BMNH 1907.4.10.2 [ex [Colombia]. Holotype: CAS 62258 [ex IU 12847].
MNHN] (1); MNHN 5219-5220 (19). Provisional synonym. Distribution: South America: Magdalena River basin.
?Tetragonopterus belizianus Bocourt, 1868: 62. Type locality: Countries: Colombia
environs de Belize. Syntypes: BMNH uncat. [ex MNHN] (1).
MNHN 5224 and 5225 (13). Provisional synonym. Astyanax gisleni Dahl, 1943
?Tetragonopterus oaxacanensis Bocourt, 1868: 62. Type locality: Astyanax gisleni Dahl, 1943: 218, fig. Type locality: Río Aburrá,
Oaxaca [Mexico]. Provisional synonym. trib. via Río Porce to R. Nechí, Magdalena system, Medellín,
?Astyanax carolinae Gill, 1870: 92. Type locality: River Napo or Antióquia, Colombia, elev. ca. 1500 m. Syntypes: (13) ZMUL.
Maranon. Holotype: USNM 8225. Provisional synonym. Distribution: South America: Magdalena River basin.
Tetragonopterus cuvieri Lütken, 1875a: 131. Type locality: in Countries: Colombia
fluminibus S. Francisco et Rio das Velhas cum affluentibus [Mi-
nas Gerais, Brazil]. Syntypes: MNHN 9581 (2); ZMB 9198 (2); Astyanax giton Eigenmann, 1908
ZMUC 306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 315, 328, 329, 363. Astyanax giton Eigenmann, 1908: 97. Type locality: Rio Parahyba
?Tetragonopterus orstedii Lütken, 1875b: 229. Type locality: [Brazil]. Lectotype: MCZ 20936.
flumine R. S. Juan Americae centralis. Syntypes: ZMUC 947- Maximum length: 8 cm TL
948 (2), 955-956 (2); ZMB 9197 (2). Provisional synonym. Distribution: South America: Paraíba do Sul River basin; coastal
?Tetragonopterus rutilus jequitinhonhae Steindachner, 1877: 693, streams of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro States.
pl. 2 (fig. 3). Type locality: Rio Jequitinhonha, Brazil. Syntypes: Countries: Brazil
NMW 57759-61 (5, 3, 6). Provisional synonym.
Astyanax albeolus Eigenmann, 1908: 97. Type locality: Rio Ma- Astyanax goyacensis Eigenmann, 1908
chuca, Rio Siguires, Costa Rica. Holotype: FMNH 6241. Astyanax goyacensis Eigenmann, 1908: 96. Type locality: Goyaz
?Tetragonopterus macrophthalmus Regan, 1908b: 171, pl. 26 (fig. [= Goiás, Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 89558.
4). Type locality: Mexico, Motzorongo in Veracruz. Syntypes: Distribution: South America: Goiás State (?).
BMNH 1857.7.31.10 (1), 1905.12.6.19-22 (4), 1906.6.1.268 (1), Countries: Brazil
1906.6.1.269-278 (10?). Provisional synonym.
?Astyanax regani Meek, 1909: 207. Type locality: Las Cañas, Astyanax gracilior Eigenmann, 1908
Costa Rica. Holotype: FMNH 6257. Provisional synonym. Astyanax gracilior Eigenmann, 1908: 98. Type locality: Obidos
?Astyanax grandis Meek & Hildebrand, 1912: 67. Type locality: and Villa Bella [Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20716 (1), 20838 (1),
Río Juan Díaz, Panama. Holotype: FMNH 7571. Provisional 21012 (1).
synonym. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
?Astyanax aeneus costaricensis Meek, 1914: 105. Type locality: Countries: Brazil
La Junta; Guapilis; Parismina; Costa Rica River; Cuba River; Astyanax guaporensis Eigenmann, 1911
Zent; La Victoria; Chitaria. Syntypes: FMNH 6349 (1), 7866-73 Astyanax guaporensis Eigenmann, 1911b: 176, pl. 7 (fig. 4). Type
(5, 39, 15, 2, 6, 61, 49, 25); UMMZ 162475 (5). Provisional syn- locality: Maciel, Rio Guaporé [Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54709
onym. [ex CM 3351].
?Astyanax heterurus Eigenmann & Wilson, in Eigenmann, Henn Distribution: South America: Guaporé River basin.
& Wilson, 1914: 11. Type locality: Turando [=Truando] [Co- Countries: Brazil
lombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56577 [ex CM 5392]. Provisional
synonym. Astyanax guianensis Eigenmann, 1909
?Astyanax fasciatus altior Hubbs, 1936: 176, pl. 1 (fig. 1). Type Astyanax guianensis Eigenmann, 1909a: 16. Type locality: Warra-
locality: roadside pool 3 km. south of Progreso [Yucatán, se. puta [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53518 [ex CM 1013].
Mexico]. Holotype: UMMZ 102144. Provisional synonym.
109
Maximum length: 6 cm TL Distribution: North America: Mexico (?).
Distribution: South America: Guyana and Venezuela (?). Countries: Mexico
Countries: Guyana, Venezuela
Astyanax kennedyi Géry, 1964
Astyanax gymnogenys Eigenmann, 1911 Astyanax (Astyanax) kennedyi Géry, 1964e: 28, fig. 3. Type locali-
Astyanax gymnogenys Eigenmann, 1911b: 179, pl. 9. Type locality: Upper Amazon region, surrounding Iquitos, Peru. Holotype:
ty: Porto União, Rio Iguassú [Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54707 USNM 200425 [ex Géry coll. 399.1].
[ex CM 3350]. Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin. Countries: Peru
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax kompi Hildebrand, 1938
Astyanax hastatus Myers, 1928 Astyanax kompi Hildebrand, 1938: 260, fig. 3. Type locality:
Astyanax hastatus Myers, 1928: 87. Type locality: “The fishes Laguna Gulnar or Grande, Volcán, Pacific slope, Panama. Holo-
were said to have been collected in the vicinity of [Rio de Janei- type: USNM 106510.
ro], but there is a possibility of their having come from any of a Distribution: Central America: Panama (?).
number of places in south-eastern Brazil.” Holotype: USNM Countries: Panama
92952.
Distribution: South America: Coastal streams in the vicinity of Rio Astyanax kullanderi Costa, 1995
de Janeiro. Astyanax kullanderi Costa, 1995: 258, fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil:
Countries: Brazil Estado de Mato Grosso, stream tributary of rio Perdidos, rio das
Mortes drainage, close to the road BR-070, about 10 km W of
Astyanax integer Myers, 1930 Primavera do Leste, 15°32’S, 54°18’W. Holotype: MNRJ 12427.
Astyanax integer Myers, 1930: 67. Type locality: Guaicaramo, Rio Maximum length: 8.8 cm SL
Guavio, Colombia. Holotype: SU 23726. Distribution: South America: Upper Das Mortes River basin.
Distribution: South America: Upper Meta River. Countries: Brazil
Countries: Colombia
Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875)
Astyanax intermedius Eigenmann, 1908 Tetragonopterus lacustris Lütken, 1875a: 131. Type locality: lacu
Astyanax scabripinnis intermedius Eigenmann, 1908: 98. Type Lagoa Santa dicto nec non in rivulis nonnullis vicinis [Minas
locality: Rio Parahyba and Santa Clara [Brazil]. Lectotype: MCZ Gerais, Brazil].
20684. Distribution: South America: Eastern Brazil (?).
Distribution: South America: Paraíba do Sul River basin and Countries: Brazil
coastal rivers of Rio de Janeiro State.
Countries: Brazil Astyanax laticeps (Cope, 1894)
Tetragonopterus laticeps Cope, 1894: 89, pl. 6 (fig. 7). Type local-
Astyanax jacuhiensis Cope, 1894 ity: Rio Grande do Sul [Restricted to Laguna dos Patos system,
Tetragonopterus jacuhiensis Cope, 1894: 88, pl. 6 (fig. 6). Type Brazil, by Malabarba (1989)]. Holotype: ANSP 21852.
locality: Jacuhy [Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil]. Lectotype: ANSP Maximum length: 5.41 cm SL
21912. Distribution: South America: Rio Grande do Sul State (?).
Maximum length: 11 cm SL Countries: Brazil
Distribution: South America: Jacui, Uruguay, and coastal river
drainages of southern Brazil Astyanax leopoldi Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1988
Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay Astyanax leopoldi Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1988: 9, fig. 2.
Type locality: Saut Alicoto en amont de Camopi, Moyen Oyapok
Astyanax janeiroensis Eigenmann, 1908 [French Guiana]. Holotype: IRSNB 731.
Astyanax janeiroensis Eigenmann, 1908: 96. Type locality: Rio de Maximum length: 6 cm TL
Janeiro [Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 21057. Distribution: South America: Approuage and Oyapock River
Distribution: South America: Eastern Brazil (?). basins.
Countries: Brazil Countries: Brazil, French Guiana
Astyanax jenynsii (Steindachner, 1877) Astyanax lineatus (Perugia, 1891)

Tetragonopterus jenynsii Steindachner, 1877: 580, pl. 3 (fig. 1). Tetragonopterus lineatus Perugia, 1891: 644. Type locality: Villa
Type locality: Rio Parahyba [Brazil]. Syntypes: (7) NMW María (Mato Grosso) Rio Paraguay, Brazil.
57534-35 (3, 2). Distribution: South America: La Plata River drainage.
Maximum length: 7.62 cm SL Countries: Argentina, Brazil
Distribution: South America: Eastern Brazil (?).
Countries: Brazil Astyanax longior (Cope, 1878)
Tetragonopterus longior Cope, 1878: 691. Type locality: Moya-
Astyanax jordani (Hubbs & Innes, 1936) bamba [Peru]. Lectotype: ANSP 21222, designated by Fowler
Anoptichthys jordani Hubbs & Innes, 1936: 5, pl. 1. Type locality: (1906: 341).
Subterranean stream in the forested mountain region of south- Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
eastern San Luis Potosí, Mexico, in a region southwest of Valles Countries: Peru
drained by the Río Tampaón of the Río Panuco system. Holo-
type: UMMZ 113514. Astyanax maculisquamis Garutti & Britski, 1997
Anoptichthys antrobius Alvarez, 1946: 278, figs. 16-23. Type Astyanax maculisquamis Garutti & Britski, 1997: 220, fig. 1. Type
locality: Cueva de El Pachón [San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, locality: Pontes e Lacerda (aproximadamente 15°12’S-59°22W),
Mexico]. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. MT, poça em córrego afluente do rio Guaporé (cerca de 7 km da
Anoptichthys hubbsi Alvarez, 1947: 215, fig. 1. Type locality: ponte), bacia do rio Madeira, bacia Amazônica [Brazil]. Holo-
Cueva de los Sabinos [San Luis Potosí, Mexico]. Holotype: whe- type: MZUSP 37680.
reabouts unknown. Distribution: South America: Upper Guaporé River basin.
110
Countries: Brazil ico]. Syntypes: ANSP 15598-608 (11), 32371-74 (4).
Astyanax magdalenae Eigenmann & Henn, 1916 Distribution: North America: Originally restricted to the Nueces,
Astyanax magdalenae Eigenmann & Henn, 1916: 89. Type locali- lower Rio Grande and the lower Pecos River drainages in Texas,
ty: Girardot [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 57006 [ex CM 5822]. USA; now established elsewhere in Texas (primarily streams on
Maximum length: 10 cm SL Edwards Plateau) and New Mexico, USA (throughout Pecos
Distribution: South America: Colombian rivers and the Catatumbo River system); also in eastern and central Mexico.
River basin. Countries: Mexico, USA
Countries: Colombia
Astyanax microlepis Eigenmann, 1913
Astyanax marionae Eigenmann, 1911 Astyanax microlepis Eigenmann, 1913: 24. Type locality: Piedra
Astyanax marionae Eigenmann, 1911b: 175, pl. 7 (fig. 3). Type Moler [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56209 [ex CM 5001].
locality: Six miles from San Louiz de Caceres [Brazil]. Holotype: Distribution: South America: Upper Cauca River basin.
FMNH 54711 [ex CM 3353]. Countries: Colombia
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil Astyanax multidens Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax multidens Eigenmann, 1908: 98. Type locality: Obidos,
Astyanax maximus (Steindachner, 1876) and Silva, Lake Saraca [Brazil]. Syntypes: USNM 120244 [ex
Tetragonopterus maximus Steindachner, 1876a: 593, pl. 7. Type MCZ 21064A = MCZ 89559] (6) Obidos.
locality: Tullumayo and Monterico, Peru. Syntypes: NMW Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
57662-63 (1, 2). Countries: Brazil
Tetragonopterus alosa Günther, 1876: 399. Type locality: Monte-
rico, Peru. Syntypes: BMNH 1875.10.4.24-25 (2). Astyanax mutator Eigenmann, 1909
Astyanax metae Eigenmann in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson, 1914: Astyanax mutator Eigenmann, 1909a: 18. Type locality: Savannah
11. Type locality: Río Negro, Villavicencio [Colombia]. Holo- Landing, Upper Potaro [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52688 [ex
type: FMNH 56640 [ex CM 5457]. Provisional synonym. CM 1023].
Maximum length: 12.4 cm SL Distribution: South America: Guyana (?).
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon and Orinoco River Countries: Guyana
basins.
Countries: Colombia, Peru, Venezuela Astyanax myersi (Fernández-Yépez, 1950)
Poecilurichthys myersi Fernández-Yépez, 1950: 15, pl. 3 (fig. 1).
Astyanax megaspilura Fowler, 1944 Type locality: Río Autana, Hoya del Orinoco, Estado Amazonas,
Astyanax megaspilura Fowler, 1944: 228, fig. 2. Type locality: A Venezuela. Holotype: AFY 48172.
clear brook of Río Jurubidá, Nuquí, Colombia, elev. 3000 ft. Ho- Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
lotype: ANSP 71418. Countries: Venezuela
Distribution: South America: Colombia (?).
Countries: Colombia Astyanax nasutus Meek, 1907
Astyanax nasutus Meek, 1907: 108. Type locality: Lago Managua
Astyanax metae Eigenmann, 1914 at Managua, Nicaragua. Holotype: FMNH 5909.
Astyanax metae Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson, 1914: Distribution: Central America: Lake Managua basin.
11. Type locality: Río Negro, Villavicencio [Colombia]. Holo- Countries: Nicaragua
type: FMNH 56640 [ex CM 5457].
Maximum length: 16 cm TL Astyanax nicaraguensis Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basins. Astyanax rutilus nicaraguensis Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907: 23.
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela Type locality: Nicaragua. Holotype: USNM 55653.
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 116-117) for notes Distribution: Central America: Nicaragua (?).
on habitat preferences and natural history. Countries: Nicaragua
Astyanax mexicanus (De Filippi, 1853) Astyanax obscurus (Hensel, 1870)

Tetragonopterus mexicanus De Filippi, 1853: 166. Type locality: Tetragonopterus aeneus Hensel, 1870: 87. Type locality: Porto
Mexique [=Mexico]. Syntypes: MZUT 159 (3), ZMUC 941-942 Alegre [Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil].
(2). Tetragonopterus obscurus Hensel, 1870: 86. Type locality: Rio
Astyanax argentatus Baird & Girard, 1854: 27. Type locality: Cadea oberhalb des grossen Wasserfalles [Rio Grande do Sul,
Upper tributaries of Rio Nueces. Syntypes: BMNH Brazil]. Syntypes: ZMB 7478 (3).
1883.12.14.107 [ex USNM] (1), MCZ 858 [ex USNM] (3), Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos drainage.
USNM 869 (28). Countries: Brazil
?Tetragonopterus petenensis Günther, 1864: 326. Type locality:
Lake Peten [Petén Itza, Guatemala]; Western Ecuador. Syntypes: Astyanax ojiara Azpelicueta & Garcia, 2000
BMNH, 3 (Lake Peten); 1 (West Ecuador). Provisional synonym. Astyanax ojiara Azpelicueta & Garcia, 2000: 246, fig. 1. Type
Tetragonopterus brevimanus Günther, 1864: 325. Type locality: locality: Argentina, province of Misiones, arroyo Benítez, head-
Yzabal; Rio S. Geronimo; Guatemala. Syntypes: 8 specimens, waters of río Yaboty, an affluent of río Uruguay. Holotype: MLP
including BMNH 1861.8.12.20-21 (2) Guatemala, 9470.
?1864.1.24.177 (1) Rio S. Geronimao, 1864.1.26.388 (1) Yzabal; Distribution: South America: Upper Uruguay River basin.
MRAC 7057 (1). Countries: Argentina
Tetragonopterus fulgens Bocourt, 1868: 62. Type locality: Prov- Astyanax orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1850)
ince of Cuernovaca [Mexico]. Syntypes: MNHN 5194 (2). Tetragonopterus orbignyanus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valen-
?Tetragonopterus nitidus Bocourt, 1868: 62. Type locality: Tasco. ciennes, 1850: 147. Type locality: La Plata [and presumably oth-
Syntypes: MNHN 5191 (3). Provisional synonym. er localities in Argentina, where d’Orbigny obtained specimens,
Tetragonopterus streetsii Cope, 1872a: 217. Type locality: Head- Argentina]. Syntypes: MNHN 4530 (1, poor condition), A.9816-
waters of the Coatzacoalcos River among the Cordilleras [Mex-
111
18 (2, 1, 1). 9199 (4), ZMUC (49).
Distribution: South America: Lower La Plata River basin. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin.
Countries: Argentina Countries: Brazil
Astyanax orthodus Eigenmann, 1907 Astyanax robustus Meek, 1912

Astyanax orthodus Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907: 27. Astyanax robustus Meek, 1912: 69. Type locality: Virginia, Costa
Type locality: Truando, Colombia. Holotype: USNM 55655. Rica. Holotype: FMNH 7682.
Distribution: South America: Atrato River basin. Distribution: Central America: Costa Rica (?).
Countries: Colombia Countries: Costa Rica
Astyanax paraguayensis (Fowler, 1918) Astyanax ruberrimus Eigenmann, 1913

Bertoniolus paraguayensis Fowler, 1918: 141, fig. Type locality: Astyanax ruberrimus Eigenmann, 1913: 25. Type locality: Istmina
Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. Holotype: ANSP 47686. [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56122 [ex CM 4912].
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin. Distribution: Central and South America: Panama and Colombia
Countries: Paraguay (?).
Countries: Colombia, Panama
Astyanax parahybae (Eigenmann, 1908)
Astyanax fasciatus parahybae Eigenmann, 1908: 97. Type locality: Astyanax saltor Travassos, 1960
Rio Parahyba, Mendez, Miriahe, and Taubaté [Brazil – restricted Astyanax saltor Travassos, 1960b: 17, fig. 1. Type locality: Rio
to Paraíba do Sul River between Barra do Piraí and Três Rios Cachimbo, abaixo do salto, Estado do Pará [Brazil]. Holotype:
(along the old Dom Pedro II Emperor’s road)]. Lectotype: MCZ MNRJ 9199.
20685. Distribution: South America: Brazil (?).
Maximum length: 5.6 cm SL Countries: Brazil
Distribution: South America: Paraíba do Sul River basin and
coastal streams of Rio de janeiro State. Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns, 1842)
Countries: Brazil Tetragonopterus scabripinnis Jenyns, 1842: 125, pl. 23 (figs. 3,
3a). Type locality: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: BMNH
Astyanax paranae Eigenmann, 1914 1917.7.14.15.
Astyanax scabripinnis paranae Eigenmann, 1914: 47. Type locali- Maximum length: 6.86 cm SL
ty: Parana [Castro, Estado do Paraná according to Garutti & Distribution: South America: Rio de Janeiro State (?).
Britski, 2000: 81], Brazil. Holotype: CAS 22555 [ex IU 11631]. Countries: Argentina, Brazil
Distribution: South America: Southern Brazil (?).
Countries: Brazil Astyanax schubarti Britski, 1964
Astyanax schubarti Britski, 1964: 214, fig. Type locality: rio Mogi
Astyanax paranahybae Eigenmann, 1911 Guassu em Emas, São Paulo, à jusante da barragem [Brazil]. Ho-
Astyanax paranahybae Eigenmann, 1911b: 177, pl. 8 (fig. 1). Type lotype: MZUSP 4263.
locality: Rio Paranahyba [Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54714 [ex Maximum length: 9 cm SL
CM 3356]. Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin.
Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin. Countries: Brazil
Countries: Brazil
Astyanax scintillans Myers, 1928
Astyanax paris Azpelicueta, Almirón & Casciotta, Astyanax scintillans Myers, 1928: 88. Type locality: Playa Mate-
2002 palma, Rio Orinoco, Venezuela. Syntypes: CAS 39493 [ex IU
Astyanax paris Azpelicueta, Almirón & Casciotta, 2002: 1052, fig. uncat.] (2).
1. Type locality: Argentina, province of Misiones, río Uruguay Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
basin, headwater of arroyo Yabotí-Guazú, arroyo Fortaleza Countries: Venezuela
(26°45’S, 54°10’W). Holotype: MLP 9584.
Maximum length: 8.58 mm SL
Astyanax stilbe (Cope, 1870)
Tetragonopterus stilbe Cope, 1870: 559. Type locality: Para [Bra-
Distribution: South America: Upper Uruguay River basin in Mi-
zil]. Holotype: ANSP 8085.
siones Province.
Distribution: South America: Lower Amazon and Atrato River
Countries: Argentina
basins.
Astyanax poetzschkei Ahl, 1932 Countries: Brazil, Colombia
Astyanax (Poecilurichthys) poetzschkei Ahl, 1932: 124, fig. Type
locality: Amazon R. Holotype: ZMB 20826.
Astyanax superbus Myers, 1942
Astyanax superbus Myers, 1942: 92, fig. 2. Type locality: small
brook tributary to the Rio Tamanaco (a tributary of the Rio Paye;
Countries:
Rio Portuguesa drainage) at Camoruco, 20 km. northeast of San
Astyanax ribeirae Eigenmann, 1911 Carlos, Venezuela. Holotype: SU 36489.
Astyanax ribeirae Eigenmann, 1911b: 177, pl. 8 (fig. 2). Type Distribution: South America: Portuguesa River basin.
locality: Xiririca [Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54725 [ex CM Countries: Venezuela
3368].
Astyanax symmetricus Eigenmann, 1908
Astyanax symmetricus Eigenmann, 1908: 95. Type locality: Taba-
Distribution: South America: Southeastern Brazil (?).
tinga [Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 20768.
Countries: Brazil
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Astyanax rivularis (Lütken, 1875) Countries: Brazil
Tetragonopterus rivularis Lütken, 1875a: 132. Type locality:
flumine Rio d. Velhas cum affluentibus [Minas Gerais, Brazil].
Astyanax taeniatus (Jenyns, 1842)
Tetragonopterus taeniatus Jenyns, 1842: 126. Type locality: run-
Syntypes: MNHN 9582 [ex ZUMC] (4), NMW 57707 (5), ZMB
ning brook at Socego, in the province of Rio de Janeiro [Brazil].
112
Syntypes: Cambridge University Museum V. 329(2). ATTONITUS
Distribution: South America: Paraíba do Sul River drainage and Attonitus Vari & Ortega, 2000: 114. Type species: Attonitus irisae
coastal rivers of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo States. Vari & Ortega, 2000. Type by original designation. Gender:
Countries: Brazil masculine.
Astyanax trierythropterus Godoy, 1970 Attonitus bounites Vari & Ortega, 2000
Astyanax (Astyanax) trierythropterus Godoy, 1970: 276, figs. 1-4. Attonitus bounites Vari & Ortega, 2000: 123, fig. 2. Type locality:
Type locality: Rio Mogi Guassu, Cachoeira de Emas, a juzante Peru, Departamento de Puno, Provincia Carabaya, Zona Reser-
da barragem [São Paulo State, Brazil]. Holotype: EEBP 706, Co- vada Tambopata Candamo, Río Candamo (13°24’S 70°01’W).
leção 8.22, possibly lost. Holotype: MUSM 11840.
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin. Maximum length: 5.67 cm SL
Countries: Brazil Distribution: South America: Madre de Dios River basin.
Countries: Peru
Astyanax unitaeniatus Garutti, 1998
Astyanax unitaeniatus Garutti, 1998: 116, fig. 1. Type locality: Attonitus ephimeros Vari & Ortega, 2000
Brasil, Goiás: Iaciara, Ribeirão Macambira (aproximadamente Attonitus ephimeros Vari & Ortega, 2000: 129, fig. 4. Type locali-
14°08’S-46°37’W), junto à ponte na rodovia GO-112. Holotype: ty: Peru, Departamento de Cusco, Provincia La Convencion, Río
MZUSP 40542. Urubamba basin, Río Picha, Puerto Huallana, Quebrada Mapichi-
Distribution: South America: Paranã River basin in upper Tocan- riato (11°50’S 73°20’W). Holotype: MUSM 11501.
tins River drainage. Maximum length: 4.97 cm SL
Countries: Brazil Distribution: South America: Aguaytia and Pachitea rivers in the
Ucayali River basin.
Astyanax validus Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1991
Countries: Peru
Astyanax validus Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1991: 46, pl. 15 (fig.
1). Type locality: Rivière Comté, Crique Blache [French Guia- Attonitus irisae Vari & Ortega, 2000
na]. Holotype: MHNG 2435.77. Attonitus irisae Vari & Ortega, 2000: 133, fig. 5. Type locality:
Maximum length: 15 cm TL Peru, Departamento de Huanuco, Provincia Pachitea, mouth of
Distribution: South America: French Guiana (?). Río Huambo, where it empties into Río Pachitea (approximately
Countries: French Guiana 9°39’S 74°56’W). Holotype: MUSM 10759.
Maximum length: 4.62 cm SL
Astyanax venezuelae Schultz, 1944
Distribution: South America: Aguaytia and Pachitea rivers in the
Astyanax venezuelae Schultz, 1944: 359, fig. 54. Type locality:
Ucayali River basin.
Río Torbes, 1 km above Táriba, Orinoco system [Venezuela].
Countries: Peru
Holotype: USNM 121449.
Distribution: South America: Venezuela (?). AULIXIDENS
Countries: Venezuela Aulixidens Böhlke, 1952: 775. Type species: Aulixidens eugeniae
Böhlke, 1952. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Astyanax villwocki Zarske & Géry, 1999 See comments on relationships in Malabarba (1998: 232).
Astyanax villwocki Zarske & Géry, 1999: 200, fig.1. Type locality:
Rio Pacal, Rio Pachitea basin, Departamento Ucayali, Peru. Ho- Aulixidens eugeniae Böhlke, 1952
lotype: MTD F 22400. Aulixidens eugeniae Böhlke, 1952: 775. Type locality: mouth of
Maximum length: 11.4 cm SL the Rio Curamoni (or Curamuni, as Ternetz notes his Indians
Distribution: South America: Ucayali, Beni, and Mamoré River pronounced it), Canal de Casiquiare, Venezuela, approximately
basins. 2°38’North Latitude, 66°12’ West Longitude. Holotype: CAS
Countries: Bolivia, Peru 16940.
Species inquirendae Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Astyanax depressirostris Miranda Ribeiro, 1908: unnum. p. Type Countries: Venezuela
locality: Ribeira [Ribeira River, São Paulo, Brazil]. Lectotype:
MNRJ 18241. [Lectotype designated by Miranda Ribeiro (1953:
396) as MNRJ 2621A, subsequently isolated and catalogued as AXELRODIA
MNRJ 18241; MNRJ 2621 are paralectotypes]. Axelrodia Géry, 1965c: 31. Type species: Axelrodia fowleri Géry,
Tetragonopterus paucidens Ulrey, 1894: 610. Type locality: Itai- 1965. Type by original designation. Gender: feminine. See Géry
tuba [Brazil]. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. (1965c, 1966, 1973) for species descriptions and discussion on
the genus.
ATOPOMESUS Axelrodia lindeae Géry, 1973
Atopomesus Myers, 1927: 112. Type species: Atopomesus pachyo- Axelrodia lindeae Géry, 1973: 111, figs. 18-19. Type locality: rio
dus Myers, 1927. Type by original designation. Gender: mascu- Curuçamba, about 9 km of Obidos (3 km from the Obidos-
line. See comments on relationships in Malabarba (1998: 231). airport), lower Amazon basin [Pará, Brazil]. Holotype: MHNG
2229.08.
Atopomesus pachyodus Myers, 1927 Maximum length: 2.06 cm SL
Atopomesus pachyodus Myers, 1927: 112. Type locality: Brazil: Distribution: South America: Curuçamba River on the lower Ama-
Cucuhy, Rio Negro, on the Colombian border. Holotype: CAS zon basin, and middle Madeira River basin.
41736. Countries: Brazil
Maximum length: 4.3 cm
Distribution: South America: Negro River basin. Axelrodia riesei Géry, 1966
Countries: Brazil Axelrodia riesei Géry, 1966a: 112, fig. 4. Type locality: Upper Rio
Méta basin, east of Villavicencio, Colombia. Holotype: USNM
113
207923. Bramocharax baileyi Rosen, 1972: 4, fig. 3. Type locality: Río San
Maximum length: 1.67 cm SL Simon, 6 km. due west of Chiséc, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. Ho-
Distribution: South America: Upper Meta River. lotype: AMNH 30197.
Countries: Colombia Maximum length: 6.8 cm SL
Distribution: Central America: Usumacinta River basin.
Axelrodia stigmatias (Fowler, 1913) Countries: Guatemala
Hyphessobrycon stigmatias Fowler, 1913: 547, fig. 14. Type local-
ity: Tributary of the Madeira River near Porto Velho, Brazil. Ho- Bramocharax bransfordii Gill, 1877
lotype: ANSP 39231. Bramocharax Bransfordii Gill, in Gill & Bransford, 1877: 190.
Axelrodia fowleri Géry, 1965c: 33, pl. 4 (fig. 14). Type locality: Type locality: Lake Nicaragua [Nicarágua]. Syntypes: USNM
environs de Iquitos, Haute Amazonie [Peru]. Holotype: SMF 16885 (3).
7212. Bramocharax elongatus Meek, 1907: 110. Type locality: Lake
Maximum length: 2.05 cm SL Managua, Managua, Nicaragua. Holotype: FMNH 5922.
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin in Brazil Maximum length: 15 cm SL
and Peru and middle Madeira River in Brazil. Distribution: Central America: Nicaragua Lake and Managua Lake
Countries: Brazil, Peru basins.
Remarks and references: See Géry (1966a: 112) for the synonym. Countries: Costa Rica, Nicaragua
Remarks and references: See Rosen (1972) for relationships of
species.
BARIO Common names: Sabalito (Nicaragua)
Entomolepis Eigenmann, 1917: 63. Type species: Tetragonopterus
steindachneri Eigenmann, 1893. Type by original designation. Bramocharax caballeroi Contreras-Balderas & Rive-
Gender: feminine. Preoccupied by Entomolepis Brady, 1889, in
Crustacea; replaced by Bario Myers, 1940.
ra-Teillery, 1985
Bramocharax (Catemaco) caballeroi Contreras-Balderas & Rive-
Bario Myers, 1940: 35. Type species: Tetragonopterus steindach-
ra-Teillery, 1985: 10, fig. 1. Type locality: NW del Lago Cate-
neri Eigenmann, 1893. Type by being a replacement name.
maco, Veracruz, Mexico. Holotype: UANL 5681.
Gender: masculine. Replacement for Entomolepis Eigenmann,
1917, preoccupied by Entomolepis Brady, 1889, in Crustacea.
Distribution: North America: Catemaco Lake basin.
Bario steindachneri (Eigenmann, 1893) Countries: Mexico
Tetragonopterus lineatus Steindachner, 1891a: 173. Type locality: Remarks and references: See Contreras-Balderas & Rivera Teillery
Iquitos [Peru]. Species illustrated and described in more detail in (1985) for detailed description.
Steindachner (1891b: 368, pl. 2, fig. 1). Permanently invalid,
preoccupied by Tetragonopterus lineatus Perugia, 1891, replaced
Bramocharax dorioni Rosen, 1970
Bramocharax bransfordi dorioni Rosen, 1970: 3, fig. 2. Type
by Tetragonopterus steindachneri Eigenmann, 1893.
locality: Río Semococh, tributary to the Río Chajmaic, a headwa-
Tetragonopterus steindachneri Eigenmann, 1893: 53. Type locali-
ter source of the Río de la Pasión (Río Usumacinta Basin) 15 km
ty: Iquitos [Peru]. Replacement name for Tetragonopterus linea-
by road south of Sebol, Alta Varapaz, Guatemala. Holotype:
tus Steindachner, 1891, preoccupied by Tetragonopterus lineatus
AMNH 29411.
Perugia, 1891.
Maximum length: 9 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Usumacinta River basin.
Countries: Guatemala
Countries: Brazil, Peru
Remarks and references: See Eigenmann (1917: 63) for descrip-
tion. BRITTANICHTHYS
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Mojara (Peru) Brittanichthys Géry, 1965a: 13. Type species: Brittanichthys axe-
lrodi Géry, 1965. Type by original designation. Gender: mascu-
BOEHLKEA line. See comments on relationships in Malabarba (1998: 232).
Boehlkea Géry, 1966c: 212. Type species: Boehlkea fredcochui Brittanichthys axelrodi Géry, 1965
Géry, 1966c. Type by original designation. Gender: feminine. Brittanichthys axelrodi Géry, 1965a: 22, fig. 1. Type locality: Rio
Negro basin (Brazil), Praio (= beach) Bulufu on the Rio Itu; the
Boehlkea fredcochui Géry, 1966
collecting place is about 80 km. upstream from the meeting with
Boehlkea fredcochui Géry, 1966c: 212, fig. 5. Type locality:
the Rio Negro, Lat. about 0°-30’S., Long. about 63°-30’W. Holo-
brooks near Loreto Yacu, on the Colombian side of the Upper
type: USNM 198132.
Amazon, about 45 miles west of Leticia [Colombia - Aquarium
import]. Holotype: ANSP 111675 [ex Géry coll. 0124.1].
Distribution: South America: Negro River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Countries: Brazil, Colombia Brittanichthys myersi Géry, 1965
Brittanichthys myersi Géry, 1965a: 62, fig. 5. Type locality: Rio
BRAMOCHARAX Negro, Brazil, unnamed inlet on shore, at about 13 km. west of
Bramocharax Gill in Gill & Bransford, 1877: 189. Type species: junction with the Amazon, 10 km. of Manaus; Lat. about 3°10’S,
Bramocharax bransfordii Gill, 1877. Type by monotypy. Gend- Long. about 59°55’W. Holotype: USNM 198131.
er: masculine. Maximum length: 3.2 cm SL
Catemaco Contreras-Balderas & Rivera-Teillery, 1985: 9. Type Distribution: South America: Negro River basin.
species: Bramocharax (Catemaco) caballeroi Contreras-Balderas Countries: Brazil
& Rivera-Teillery, 1985. Type by original designation. Gender:
masculine. BRYCONACIDNUS
Bryconacidnus Myers in Eigenmann & Myers, 1929: 545. Type
Bramocharax baileyi Rosen, 1972 species: Hyphessobrycon ellisi Pearson, 1924. Type by original
114
designation. Gender: masculine. Panama, Bayano river basin, pool in small stream about 19 Km
along road from El Llano to Carti, about 0.5 Km downstream
Bryconacidnus ellisi (Pearson, 1924) from the road. Holotype: USNM 213842.
Hyphessobrycon ellisi Pearson, 1924: 39, pl. 10 (fig. 2). Type Maximum length: 5.7 cm SL
locality: Espia [...at the junction of the Miguilla and La Paz riv- Distribution: Central America: Upper Bayano River basin.
ers, Bolivia]. Syntypes: (55) CAS 47167 [ex IU 17343] (37), SU Countries: Panama
24660 [ex IU 17343] (3), UMMZ 66505 (14), USNM 117544 [ex
UMMZ 66505, orig. IU 17343] (1). Plus additional material. Bryconamericus beta Eigenmann, 1914
Maximum length: 3.8 cm SL Bryconamericus beta Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson,
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin. 1914: 7. Type locality: Villavicencio [Orinoco system, Colom-
Countries: Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru bia]. Holotype: FMNH 56648 [ex CM 5465a].
Remarks and references: See Géry (1972a: 62) for detailed de- Maximum length: 7.5 cm TL
scription. Possibly synonym of Microgenys weyrauchi Fowler, Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
1945, according to Géry (1977: 398). Countries: Colombia, Venezuela
Common names: Mojarita (Peru) Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 137-139) for notes
on the species.
Bryconacidnus hemigrammus (Pearson, 1924)
Bryconamericus hemigrammus Pearson, 1924: 44. Type locality: Bryconamericus bolivianus Pearson, 1924
Popoi River, Upper Beni [Bolivia]. Syntypes: CAS 39616 [ex IU Bryconamericus bolivianus Pearson, 1924: 43, pl. 10 (fig. 4). Type
17353]. locality: Río Colorado, Lower Bopi [Bolivia]. Syntypes: (9) CAS
Maximum length: 4 cm SL 39506 [ex IU 17349] (1), CAS 39507 [ex IU 17349] (4),
Distribution: South America: Upper Madeira River basin. ?UMMZ 66513 (3). Additional original material: CAS 39508 [ex
Countries: Bolivia IU 17350] (2) & CAS 39509 [ex IU 17351] (now 5).
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977) for photograph. Maximum length: 6.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Beni River basin.
Bryconacidnus paipayensis (Pearson, 1929) Countries: Bolivia
Hemigrammus paipayensis Pearson, in Eigenmann & Myers,
1929: 533. Type locality: Paipay, Rio Crisnejas [Andes of North- Bryconamericus brevirostris (Günther, 1860)
ern Peru]. Syntypes: CAS 44467 [ex IU 17643] (now 1). Chalceus brevirostris Günther, 1860b: 420. Type locality: Western
Maximum length: 5 cm SL Andes of Ecuador. Holotype: BMNH 1860.6.16.166 or 196.
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin. Maximum length: 9.5 cm TL
Countries: Peru Distribution: South America: Pacific coastal drainages of Ecuador
Common names: Mojarita (Peru) and Peru.
Countries: Ecuador, Peru
Remarks and references: See Böhlke (1958: 13-14) for comments
BRYCONAMERICUS on the species.
Bryconamericus Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward,
1907: 139. Type species: Bryconamericus exodon Eigenmann, Bryconamericus caucanus Eigenmann, 1913
1907. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine. Bryconamericus caucanus Eigenmann, 1913: 17. Type locality:
Eretmobrycon Fink, 1976: 332. Type species: Eretmobrycon Piedra Moler [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56229 [ex CM
bayano Fink, 1976. Type by original designation. Gender: mas- 5031a].
culine. Maximum length: 8.8 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Magdalena River basin.
Bryconamericus agna Azpelicueta & Almirón, 2001
Countries: Colombia
Bryconamericus agna Azpelicueta & Almirón, 2001: 276, fig. 1.
Remarks and references: See Román-Valencia & Muñoz (2001)
Type locality: Argentina, Missiones, Municipio Libertador Gen-
for observations on diet and reproduction.
eral San Martin, arroio Tabay (55°10’W – 27°00’S), Paraná ba-
sin. Holotype: FML 3700. Bryconamericus cismontanus Eigenmann, 1914
Maximum length: 6.5 cm SL Bryconamericus cismontanus Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Henn &
Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin. Wilson, 1914: 4. Type locality: Villavicencio [Orinoco River
Countries: Argentina system, Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56642 [ex CM 5459].
Bryconamericus alfredae Eigenmann, 1927 Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Bryconamericus alfredae Eigenmann, 1927: 394, pl. 99 (fig. 1).
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela
Type locality: Santa Ana, Rio Urubamba [Peru]. Holotype: MCZ
31564 [MCZ 30982 also listed as holotype in MCZ catalog]. Bryconamericus cristiani Román-Valencia, 1998
Maximum length: 6.6 cm TL Bryconamericus cristiani Román-Valencia, 1998: 110, fig. 1. Type
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin. locality: Colombia, departamento del Meta, en la vía Villavicen-
Countries: Peru cio-Acacías, vereda Brisas de Guayuriba, cerca de la escuela cru-
zando el puente sobre el río Guayuriba, caño Cayupe, afluente
Bryconamericus alpha Eigenmann, 1914 del río Guayuriba, Alto Meta (4o 7’ N y 74 15’ W). Holotype:
Bryconamericus alpha Eigenmann in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson,
ICNMNH 3445.
1914: 7. Type locality: Villavicencio, Oriente, Colombia [Orino-
co River system]. Holotype: FMNH 56646 [ex CM 5463].
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela Bryconamericus dahli Román-Valencia, 2000
Bryconamericus dahli Román-Valencia, 2000: 451, fig. 1. Type
Bryconamericus bayano (Fink, 1976) locality: Colombia, Departamento de Nariño, sistema del río Pa-
Eretmobrycon bayano Fink, 1976: 334, figs. 2-4. Type locality:
tia, cuenca del río Telembi, Quebrada Babosa afluente do río
115
Sabune, em la vía a Tucmaco km. 98, a dos km de la margen Atrato and Pacific coastal drainages of Colombia
derecha (aprox. 78° 23’ W y los 1° 37’ N). Holotype: ICNMNH Countries: Colombia, Panama
2722. Remarks and references: See Kramer (1978) for observations on
Maximum length: 7.983 cm SL reproduction, diet and preferred microhabitat. Synonymy accord-
Distribution: South America: Patia and Mira River basins. ing to Román-Valencia (2002).
Countries: Colombia
Bryconamericus exodon Eigenmann, 1907
Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Eigenmann, 1914 Bryconamericus exodon Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, McAtee &
Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Ward, 1907: 139. Type locality: Puerto Max [Paraguay]. Holo-
Henn & Wilson, 1914: 5. Type locality: Rio Negro, Quebrada at type: IU 10298a (lost).
Villavicencio [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56644 [ex CM Maximum length: 5.7 cm TL
5461]. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Bryconamericus deuteronoides euryodous Schultz, 1944: 344, fig. Countries: Brazil, Paraguay
51. Type locality: Río Guárico and tributaries between San Se-
bastián and San Casimiro, Estado de Aragua, Venezuela. Holo- Bryconamericus galvisi Román-Valencia, 2000
type: USNM 121437. Bryconamericus galvisi Román-Valencia, 2000: 457, fig. 5. Type
Bryconamericus deuteronoides caudovittatus Inger, 1956: 435. locality: Colombia, Departamento del Putumayo, municipio de
Type locality: Rio Abácapa on the west side of Chimantá-tepui Sibundoy, cuenca del Alto Río Putumayo, Valle Sibundoy
[Venezuela]. Holotype: FMNH 45706. (aprox. 77°23’ W y los 5°00’ N) [76°53’W - 1°10’N, bearings of
Maximum length: 5 cm TL Sibundoy city]. Holotype: ICNMNH 2720.
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River and Maracaibo Lake Maximum length: 7.63 cm SL
basins. Distribution: South America: Putumayo River basin.
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 140-142) for notes
on taxonomy and ecology, and Flecker et al. (1991) for notes on Bryconamericus gonzalezi Román-Valencia, 2002
reproduction. Bryconamericus gonzalezoi Román-Valencia, 2002: 180, fig. 2.
Type locality: río Bongie (9°21’35”N y los 82°36’35”W) [Pana-
Bryconamericus diaphanus (Cope, 1878) ma]. Holotype: IUQ 377.
Tetragonopterus diaphanus Cope, 1878: 691. Type locality: Río Maximum length: 7.38 cm SL
Huallaga at Moyabamba, Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 21216, desig- Distribution: Central America: Sixaola, Cañaza, and Bongie River
nated by Fowler (1906: 339, fig. 27). basins, in the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and Panama.
Maximum length: 5 cm TL Countries: Costa Rica, Panama
Countries: Peru Bryconamericus grosvenori Eigenmann, 1927
Bryconamericus grosvenori Eigenmann, 1927: 365, pl. 99 (fig. 2).
Bryconamericus eigenmanni (Evermann & Kendall, Type locality: Rio Comberciato [Urubamba River basin, Peru].
1906) Holotype: MCZ 31562.
Astyanax eigenmanni Evermann & Kendall, 1906: 83, fig. 1. Type Maximum length: 7 cm TL
locality: Rio Primero, Province of Cordoba [Argentina]. Holo- Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
type: USNM 55570. Countries: Peru
Maximum length: 6.1 cm SL Bryconamericus guaytarae Eigenmann & Henn, 1914
Distribution: South America: Primero River, tributary to Laguna
Bryconamericus scopiferus guaytarae Eigenmann & Henn, in
Mar Chiquita.
Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson, 1914: 7. Type locality: Patia at the
mouth of Rio Guaitara [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56657 (ex
Remarks and references: Redescribed by Miquelarena & Aquino
CM 5474).
(1999).
Bryconamericus emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle, Distribution: South America: Patía River basin.
Countries: Colombia
1907)
Astyanax emperador Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907: 26. Type locality: Bryconamericus hyphesson Eigenmann, 1909
Empire Station, Panama. Holotype: USNM 55651. Bryconamericus hyphesson Eigenmann, 1909a: 32. Type locality:
Bryconamericus ortholepis Eigenmann, 1913: 15. Type locality: Tumatumari, Lower Potaro [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52708
Boca de Raspadura [Colombia]. Holotype: CM 5088 (missing). [ex CM 1070].
Bryconamericus scopiferus Eigenmann, 1913: 16. Type locality: Maximum length: 3.7 cm TL
Istmina, Rio San Juan [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56224 [ex. Distribution: South America: Potaro River basin.
C.M. 5026]. Countries: Guyana
Bryconamericus juanensis Regan, 1913: 464. Type locality:
Southweastern Colombia. Holotype: ?. Bryconamericus icelus Dahl, 1964
Bryconamericus rubricauda Regan, 1913: 464. Type locality: Río Bryconamericus icelus Dahl, in Dahl & Medem, 1964: 70. Type
Condoto, Colombia. Holotype: ?. locality: Quebrada Guamural, tributary of Río Manso del Sinú,
Bryconamericus cascajalensis Meek & Hildebrand, 1916: 284, pl. Colombia. Holotype: possibly lost.
19. Type locality: Rio Cascajal, Porto Bello, Panama. Holotype: Maximum length: 8 cm SL
FMNH 8946. Distribution: South America: Sinú River basin.
Bryconamericus baudoensis Fowler, 1944: 231, figs. 3-4. Type Countries: Colombia
locality: Río Baudó, Chocó Prov., Colombia, elev. 1200 ft. Holo-
type: ANSP 71425. Bryconamericus ichoensis Román-Valencia, 2000
Maximum length: 10.4 cm SL Bryconamericus ichoensis Román-Valencia, 2000: 455, fig. 3.
Distribution: South and Central America: Chagres, Tuira, Bayano, Type locality: Colombia, Departamento del Chocó, municipio de
and Santa María River basins in Panamá and Baudó, San Juan, San Francisco de Ichó, Alto Atrato, Quebrada Chaparraidó, aflu-
116
ente del río Ichó em la vía Tutunendo-San Francisco de Ichó er, São Paulo, Brazil]. Lectotype: MNRJ 2576A, designated by
(aprox. 76°38’ W y los 5°38’ N). Holotype: ICNMNH 2718. Miranda Ribeiro (1953: 396) [but perhaps specimen not iso-
Maximum length: 3.4 cm SL lated]; same specimen also selected by Bizerril & Peres-Neto
Distribution: South America: Atrato River basin (1995: 15).
Countries: Colombia Maximum length: 6.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Ribeira de Iguape River basin.
Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger, 1887) Countries: Brazil
Tetragonopterus iheringii Boulenger, 1887b: 172. Type locality: Remarks and references: Redescribed by Bizeeril & Peres-Neto
San Lorenzo, Rio Grande do Sul [Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, São (1995).
Lourenço do Sul]. Lectotype: BMNH 1886.3.15.30, designated
by Malabarba & Kindel (1995: 679). Bryconamericus miraensis Fowler, 1945
Tetragonopterus pliodus Cope, 1894: 90, pl. 5 (fig. 5). Type locali- Bryconamericus miraensis Fowler, 1945b: 99, fig. 4. Type locali-
ty: Rio Grande do Sul [restricted to Laguna dos Patos system, ty: Ricaurte on the Rio Guebo at 3900 feet elevation, in basin of
Brazil, by Malabarba (1989)]. Lectotype: ANSP 21578, desig- Rio Mira, Nariño, Pacific Slope of Southwest Colombia. Holo-
nated by Fowler (1906: 347). type: ANSP 71686.
Bryconamericus boops Eigenmann, 1908: 105. Type locality: Maximum length: 9.3 cm TL
Maldonado [Uruguay]. Holotype: MCZ 20700. Deformed speci- Distribution: South America: Mira River basin.
men of Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger 1887) (Malabarba Countries: Colombia
& Kindel 1995: 684).
Maximum length: 7.3 cm SL Bryconamericus motatanensis Schultz, 1944
Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos and Uruguay River Bryconamericus beta motatanensis Schultz, 1944: 341, fig. 50.
basin. Type locality: Río San Juan at bridge south of Mene Grande,
Countries: Brazil, Uruguay Motatán system [Venezuela]. Holotype: USNM 121477.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil) Maximum length: 4.7 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Maracaibo Lake basin
Bryconamericus lambari Malabarba & Kindel, 1995 Countries: Venezuela
Bryconamericus lambari Malabarba & Kindel, 1995: 680, fig. 1.
Type locality: Small creek flowing into arroio Feitoria, under Bryconamericus multiradiatus Dahl, 1960
bridge of avenida Ipiranga, município de Dois Irmãos, Rio Bryconamericus multiradiatus Dahl, 1960a: 471, fig. Type locali-
Grande do Sul, Brazil, 51°07’S, 29°36’W [actually 29°36’S, ty: small brook in front of the village Riosucio, lower Atrato [Co-
51°07’W]. Holotype: MCP 15448. lombia]. Holotype: ICNMHN 82.
Maximum length: 5.6 cm SL Maximum length: 2.7 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Feitoria Creek and tributaries in Caí Distribution: South America: Atrato River basin.
River basin, Laguna dos Patos drainage. Countries: Colombia
Countries: Brazil
Bryconamericus novae Eigenmann & Henn, 1914
Bryconamericus loisae Géry, 1964 Bryconamericus novae Eigenmann & Henn, 1914: 234. Type
Bryconamericus loisae Géry, 1964c: 46, fig. 12. Type locality: locality: Below Cachoeira da Velha near Piabana, Rio Novo of
about 200 miles east of Bogota, Colombia, in the upper Rio Meta Rio Tocantins, Lower Amazon basin [Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH
drainage. Holotype: USNM 198645. 54905 [ex CM 3568a].
Distribution: South America: Meta River basin. Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin.
Countries: Colombia Countries: Brazil
Bryconamericus megalepis Fowler, 1941 Bryconamericus ornaticeps Bizerril & Peres-Neto,

Bryconamericus megalepis Fowler, 1941: 188, fig. 98. Type lo- 1995
cality: Fortaleza, Ceará [Brazil]. Holotype: ANSP 69602. Bryconamericus ornaticeps Bizerril & Peres-Neto, 1995: 18, fig.
Maximum length: 4.5 cm SL 3. Type locality: Rio Macacu, city of Cachoeira de Macacu, State
Distribution: South America: Coastal drainages of northeastern of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 12310.
Brazil. Maximum length: 6.5 cm SL
Countries: Brazil Distribution: South America: Macacu River basin in Rio de Janei-
Remarks and references: Apparently a Cheirodontinae (H.A. ro State.
Britski, pers. comm.) Countries: Brazil
Bryconamericus mennii Miquelarena, Protogino, Bryconamericus osgoodi Eigenmann & Allen, 1942
Filiberto & López, 2002 Bryconamericus osgoodi Eigenmann & Allen, 1942: 225, pl. 14
Bryconamericus mennii Miquelarena, Protogino, Filiberto & (fig. 6). Type locality: Moyobamba [Huallaga River basin, Upper
López, 2002: 71, fig. 1. Type locality: Cuña-Pirú creek (27°10’S- Amazon, Peru]. Holotype: CAS 40828 [ex IU 15915].
54°57’W), Departamento Cainguás, Misiones province, Argenti- Maximum length: 6.1 cm SL
na. Holotype: ILPLA 1251. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Maximum length: 5.5 cm SL Countries: Peru
Distribution: South America: Tributaries of the lower Paraná River
Bryconamericus pachacuti Eigenmann, 1927
in Misiones Province.
Bryconamericus pachacuti Eigenmann, 1927: 376, pl. 99 (fig. 3).
Type locality: Santa Ana, Río Urubamba [Peru]. Holotype: MCZ
Bryconamericus microcephalus (Miranda Ribeiro, 31563.
1908) Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin and the
Astyanax microcephalus Miranda Ribeiro, 1908: [3]. Type locali-
Urubamba River.
ty: Rio Bethary [Betari River, tributary of Ribeira de Iguape Riv-
Countries: Peru
117
Bryconamericus pectinatus Vari & Siebert, 1990 MZUT 1527 (many).

Bryconamericus pectinatus Vari & Siebert, 1990: 517, figs. 1-5. Maximum length: 8.7 cm TL
Type locality: Peru, Departamento Madre de Dios, Provincia Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Manú, Parque Nacional de Manú, second large quebrada along Countries: Ecuador, Peru
Trail 1 leading to the east from Pakitza, tributary of Río Manú
(approx. 11°50’S, 71°21’W). Holotype: MHN-USM 2057.
Bryconamericus stramineus Eigenmann, 1908
Maximum length: 3.48 cm SL Bryconamericus stramineus Eigenmann, 1908: 105. Type locality:
Distribution: South America: Peru. Piracicaba and Uruguay River, restricted by Eigenmann (1927:
Countries: Peru 370) to Piracicaba [upper Paraná basin, São Paulo, Brazil]. Lec-
totype: CAS 40833 [ex IU 11519], designated by Eigenmann
Bryconamericus peruanus (Müller & Troschel, 1845) (1927).
Tetragonopterus peruanus Müller & Troschel, 1845: 28, pl. 8 (fig. Maximum length: 5.6 cm SL
1). Type locality: Peru [Near Lima]. Syntypes: ZMB 3591-92 (2, Distribution: South America: La Plata and São Francisco River
1). basins.
Maximum length: 9.2 cm SL Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin; Guayas, Esme- Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
raldas, and Santiago River basins. Remarks and references: See Casatti & Castro (1998) for notes on
Countries: Ecuador, Peru natural history.
Remarks and references: See Böhlke (1958) for an extensive dis-
cussion about this species.
Bryconamericus sylvicola Braga, 1998
Bryconamericus sylvicola Braga, 1998: 22, fig. 1. Type locality:
Bryconamericus phoenicopterus (Cope, 1872) Argentina, Provincia de Misiones, Departamento Gral, Manuel
Tetragonopterus phoenicopterus Cope, 1872b: 261. Type locality: Belgrano, arroyo Central (em proximidades RN 101, aproxima-
[Ambyiacu River, Peru]. Holotype: ANSP 8093. damente 25°50’LS, 54°10’LO), tributario del río Urugua-i, aflu-
Maximum length: 6 cm TL ente del río Paraná. Holotype: MACN 8072.
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin. Maximum length: 6.5 cm SL
Countries: Peru Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin.
Bryconamericus plutarcoi Román-Valencia, 2001
Bryconamericus plutarcoi Román-Valencia, 2001: 470, fig. 1. Bryconamericus tenuis Bizerril & Auraujo, 1992
Type locality: Colombia, Departamento de Santander, quebrada Bryconamericus tenuis Bizerril & Auraujo, 1992: 65, fig. 1. Type
Santa Rosa, cuenca del río Suárez, sistema río Magdalena locality: Etat de Rio de Janeiro, rio São João, Ville de Silva Jar-
(6°26’09’’ N & 73°18’56’’ O). Holotype: ICMNH 4886. dim [Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 12230.
Maximum length: 6.94 cm SL Maximum length: 3.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Upper Suarez River in the Magdale- Distribution: South America: São João River basin in Rio de Janei-
na River drainage. ro State.
Countries: Colombia Countries: Brazil
Bryconamericus rubropictus (Berg, 1901) Bryconamericus ternetzi Myers, 1928

Tetragonopterus rubropictus Berg, 1901: 305. Type locality: Río Bryconamericus ternetzi Myers, 1928: 89. Type locality: Ca-
Molinos, Territorio de los Andes (República Argentina), como á manáos Rapids, Rio Negro, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 44216 [ex
3000 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Syntypes: MACN (8 speci- IU].
mens). Maximum length: 5.9 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Pasaje-Juramento River basin in Distribution: South America: Upper Negro River basin.
Paraná River drainage. Countries: Brazil
Countries: Argentina Remarks and references: Ilustration of the holotype in Géry (1977:
Remarks and references: Transferred from Astyanax and rede- 386).
scribed by Braga (2000).
Bryconamericus terrabensis Meek, 1914
Bryconamericus scleroparius (Regan, 1908) Bryconamericus terrabensis Meek, 1914: 108. Type locality: Rio
Tetragonopterus scleroparius Regan, 1908a: 455. Type locality: Grande de Térraba, Costa Rica. No types known.
Rio Iroquois [Eastern slope of Costa Rica]. Syntypes: (11) Maximum length: 9.0 cm SL
BMNH 1909.3.13.30-39 (10). Additional material: BMNH (5) w. Distribution: Central America: Costa Rica (?).
Ecuador, (2) Panama. Countries: Costa Rica
Bryconamericus peruanus ricae Eigenmann, 1908: 106. Type Remarks and references: See notes on the species by Bussing
locality: Chitaria, Costa Rica [tributary of Revintazon River, At- (1987).
lantic Slope]. Lectotype: FMNH 59523, designated by Grey
(1947: 127).
Bryconamericus thomasi Fowler, 1940
Maximum length: 9.5 cm TL Bryconamericus thomasi Fowler, 1940: 49, fig. 3. Type locality:
Distribution: Central and South America: Coastal rivers in Costa Rio Lipeo, Bolivia. Holotype: ANSP 68740.
Rica, Ecuador, and Panama. Maximum length: 7 cm SL
Countries: Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Remarks and references: See notes on the species by Bussing Countries: Argentina, Bolivia
(1987). Remarks and references: Redescribed by Miquelarena & Aquino
(1995).
Bryconamericus simus (Boulenger, 1898)
Tetragonopterus simus Boulenger, 1898: 2. Type locality: vallée
Bryconamericus uporas Casciotta, Azpelicueta &
du Chota, Nord de l’Equateur. [Pacific slope north of Ecuador]. Almirón, 2002
Syntypes: BMNH 1898.11.4.71-73 (3), MSNG 35974 (3), Bryconamericus uporas Casciotta, Azpelicueta & Almirón, 2002:
156. Type locality: Argentina, Misiones, Municipio Leandro N.
118
Alen, arroyo Once Vueltas (27°38’S – 55°12’W), Uruguay basin. Gender: masculine.
Holotype: MLP 9568 Autanichthys Fernández-Yépez, 1950: 11. Type species: Autanich-
Maximum length: 5.34 cm SL thys giacopinii Fernández-Yépez, 1950. Type by original desig-
Distribution: South America: Uruguay River basin. nation. Gender: masculine.
Countries: Argentina, Brazil
Bryconops affinis (Günther, 1864)
Bryconamericus zeteki Hildebrand, 1938 Tetragonopterus affinis Günther, 1864: 329. Type locality: Guya-
Bryconamericus zeteki Hildebrand, 1938: 265, fig. 4. Type locali- na. Holotype: BMNH 1969.12.13. 1.
ty: A creek in El Valle, Pacific slope, Panama. Holotype: USNM Maximum length: 12 cm TL
106511. Distribution: South America: Coastal streams of the Guiana
Maximum length: 8.8 cm TL Shield.
Distribution: Central America: Panama (?). Countries: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname
Countries: Panama
Bryconops alburnoides Kner, 1858
Bryconops lucidus Kner, 1858a: 80. Type locality: Rio Branco
BRYCONELLA [Amazon system, Brazil]. Holotype: NMW 62847.
Bryconella Géry, 1965c: 27. Type species: Bryconella haraldi Bryconops alburnoides Kner, 1858a: 80. Type locality: Rio Gua-
Géry, 1965. Type by original designation. Gender: feminine. poré [Madeira River basin, Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 5994 (1),
16170 (1, dry), 62843-45 (2, 2, 2).
Bryconella pallidifrons (Fowler, 1946)
Maximum length: over 10 cm SL
Cheirodon pallidifrons Fowler, 1946: 1, fig. Type locality: South
Distribution: South America: Orinoco and Amazon River basin.
American, supposedly from the Amazon R. Holotype: ANSP
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
71728.
Hyphessobrycon thompsoni Fowler, 1949b: 73, fig. Type locality: Bryconops caudomaculatus (Günther, 1864)
Aquarium fish; supposed to be South America, probably Brazil. Tetragonopterus caudomaculatus Günther, 1864: 330. Type locali-
Holotype: ANSP 71849. ty: South America. Holotype: BMNH 1852.9.13.74.
Bryconella haraldi Géry, 1965c: 28, pl. 4 (fig. 13). Type locality: Maximum length: 7 cm TL
Igarapé Préto, collateral de l’Amazone supérieure près de Belem, Distribution: South America: Coastal streams of the Guiana
à environ 60 km en aval de Leticia [Brazil]. Holotype: SMF Shield, Orinoco and Amazon River basins.
7220. Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin. Bryconops colanegra Chernoff & Machado-Allison,
Countries: Brazil, Peru 1999
Remarks and references: See Géry (1972b) for a comparison Bryconops colanegra Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 1999: 365,
among the three nominal species. fig. 5. Type locality: Río Carrao near base camp at Angel Falls,
Common names: Mojarrita (Peru) Bolivar, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-27716.
BRYCONEXODON Distribution: South America: Caroní River basin.
Bryconexodon Géry, 1980b: 2. Type species: Bryconexodon juru- Countries: Venezuela
enae Géry, 1980. Type by original designation. Gender: mascu-
line. Bryconops colaroja Chernoff & Machado-Allison,
1999
Bryconexodon juruenae Géry, 1980 Bryconops colaroja Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 1999: 363, fig.
Bryconexodon juruenae Géry, 1980b: 2, fig. 1. Type locality: Haut 4. Type locality: Río las Clariats at Puente Las Claritas, at km 86
rio Juruena, affluent du rio Tapajoz, Mato Grosso, Brésil, au voi- on the El Dorado-Sta. Elena Hwy, 6°10’16.4”N, 61°25’33.9”W,
sinage de la route Cuiaba-Porto Velho. Holotype: MZUSP Estado Bolivar, Venezuela.
14638. Maximum length: 7.79 cm SL
Maximum length: 12.5 cm SL Distribution: South America: Cuyuní River basin in the vicinity of
Distribution: South America: Upper Tapajós River basin. the Venezuelan-Guyanan border.
Countries: Brazil Countries: Venezuela
Bryconexodon trombetasi Jégu, Santos & Ferreira, Bryconops cyrtogaster (Norman, 1926)
1991 Creatochanes cyrtogaster Norman, 1926: 91. Type locality: Oya-
Bryconexodon trombetasi Jégu, Santos & Ferreira, 1991: 774, fig. pock River, French Guiana. Syntypes:
2. Type locality: Rio Trombetas, em amont de la confluence avec BMNH 1926.3.2.515-524.
l’Igarapé Caxipacoré, Parà, Brésil. Holotype: INPA 3103. Maximum length: 12 cm TL
Maximum length: 11.7 cm SL Distribution: South America: Oyapock River between French
Distribution: South America: Trombetas River basin. Guiana and Brazil.
Countries: Brazil Countries: Brazil, French Guiana
Bryconops disruptus Machado-Allison & Chernoff,

BRYCONOPS 1997
Bryconops Kner, 1858a: 80. Type species: Bryconops alburnoides Bryconops disruptus Machado-Allison & Chernoff, 1997: 68, fig.
Kner, 1858. Type by subsequent designation by Eigenmann 2. Type locality: Pozos y Playa en la boca del Caño Darigua 7
(1910: 435). Gender: masculine. Km Sur de San Carlos de Río Negro, Amazonas, Venezuela. Ho-
Creatochanes Günther, 1864: 318. Type species: Salmo melanurus lotype: MBUCV-V-25003.
Bloch, 1794. Type by subsequent designation by Eigenmann Maximum length: 6.41 cm SL
(1910: 435). Gender: masculine. Distribution: South America: Negro River basin.
Brycochandus Eigenmann, 1908: 106. Type species: Brycochan- Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
dus durbini Eigenmann, 1908. Type by original designation.
119
Bryconops durbini (Eigenmann, 1908) Buckup, 1996

Brycochandus durbini Eigenmann, 1908: 106. Type locality: Rio Bryconops vibex Machado-Allison, Chernoff & Buckup, 1996: 47,
Tapajos [Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20862 (2). fig. 6. Type locality: Río Cataniapo, Salto Nieves, AM [Venezu-
Maximum length: 3.06 cm SL ela]. Holotype: MBUCV-V-25002.
Distribution: South America: Tapajós River basin. Maximum length: 6.77 cm SL
Countries: Brazil Distribution: South America: Cataniapo River basin.
Countries: Venezuela
Bryconops giacopinii (Fernández-Yépez, 1950)
Autanichthys giacopinii Fernández-Yépez, 1950: 12, pl. 1 (fig. 3).
Type locality: Río Autana, ca. 8 km above confluence in Río CAIAPOBRYCON
Sipapo, ca. 4°44’N, 67°37’W, Fed. Terr. of Amazonas, Venezu- Caiapobrycon Malabarba & Vari, 2000: 316. Type species: Caia-
ela. Neotype: MBUCV 21510. Holotype (AFY 48171) and para- pobrycon tucurui Malabarba & Vari, 2000. Type by original de-
types (AFY 48235) apparently lost; neotype designated by Cher- signation. Gender: masculine.
noff et al. (1994: 239).
Caiapobrycon tucurui Malabarba & Vari, 2000
Distribution: South America: Autana River basin in upper Orinoco
Caiapobrycon tucurui Malabarba & Vari, 2000: 316, fig. 2. Type
River drainage.
locality: Brazil, Goiás, rio do Peixe, tributary of rio Maranhão,
Countries: Venezuela
Niquelândia (14°28’S 48°45’W). Holotype: MNRJ 14546.
Bryconops gracilis (Eigenmann, 1908) Maximum length: 4.53 cm SL
Creatochanes gracilis Eigenmann, 1908: 106. Type locality: Rio Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin.
Tapajos [Brazil]. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. Countries: Brazil
Distribution: South America: Tapajós River basin. Remarks and references: Relationships discussed in Malabarba &
Countries: Brazil Vari (2000).
Bryconops humeralis Machado-Allison, Chernoff & CARLASTYANAX

Buckup, 1996 Carlastyanax Géry, 1972a: 16. Type species: Astyanax aurocauda-
Bryconops humeralis Machado-Allison, Chernoff & Buckup, tus Eigenmann, 1913. Type by original designation. Gender:
1996: 46, fig. 3. Type locality: Río Cuao, AM [Venezuela]. Ho- masculine.
lotype: MBUCV-V-25000.
Maximum length: 8.6 cm SL Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann, 1913)
Distribution: South America: Upper Orinoco, Casiquiare, and Astyanax aurocaudatus Eigenmann, 1913: 26. Type locality:
Negro River basins. Boquia [Cauca River basin, Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56882
Countries: Venezuela [ex CM 5162].
Bryconops imitator Chernoff & Machado-Allison, Distribution: South America: Cauca River basin.
2002 Countries: Colombia
Bryconops imitator Chernoff & Machado-Allison, in Chernoff, et Remarks and references: See Géry, 1977: 379 for comments and
al., 2002: 195, fig. 2. Type locality: Venezuela: Bolívar: Río description of color pattern in life.
Caura, small branch of Río Caura at Raudal Cejiato, 5°33’28”N Common names: Gold-tailed tetra (USA)
64°18’49”W. Holotype: MBUCV-V-29605.
Maximum length: 7.56 cm SL CERATOBRANCHIA
Distribution: South America: Caura River basin. Ceratobranchia Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson, 1914:
Countries: Venezuela 3. Type species: Ceratobranchia obtusirostris Eigenmann, 1914.
Type by monotypy. Gender: feminine. Reviewed by Chernoff &
Bryconops inpai Knöppel, Junk & Géry, 1968 Machado-Allison (1990).
Bryconops (Creatochanes) inpai Knöppel, Junk & Géry, 1968:
231, fig. 1b. Type locality: Lower Rio Negro region, Igarapé Ceratobranchia binghami Eigenmann, 1927
Barro Branco, a brook in the “Reserva Ducke” (INPA) about 30 Ceratobranchia binghami Eigenmann, 1927: 357, pl. 96 (fig. 1).
km from Manaus [Brazil]. Holotype: INPA 10978. Type locality: Santa Ana, Rio Urubamba [Depto. Cuzco, Peru].
Maximum length: 10 cm TL Holotype: MCZ 31561.
Distribution: South America: Negro River and Casiquiare basins. Maximum length: 5.3 cm SL
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Bryconops melanurus (Bloch, 1794)
Salmo melanurus Bloch, 1794: 104, pl. 381 (fig. 2). Type locality: Ceratobranchia delotaenia Chernoff & Machado-
Suriname. Syntypes: ZMB 3588 (2).
Allison, 1990
Ceratobranchia delotaenia Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 1990:
Distribution: South America: Coastal streams of the Guiana
283, figs. 20-21. Type locality: Cuzco/Madre de Dios border,
Shield.
mouth of Río Carbon, below Atalaya in vicinity of road ford on
Countries: Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname
north/south hwy, 12°53’S, 71°20’W [Depto. de Cuzco, Peru].
Bryconops transitoria Steindachner, 1915 Holotype: ANSP 163721 [ex ANSP 143770].
Bryconops melanurus transitoria Steindachner, 1915a: 49, pl.1 Maximum length: 3.79 cm SL
(fig.5). Type locality: Río Tapajos [Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
68532 (4), 68939 (3), 69213 (6). Countries: Peru
Distribution: South America: Tapajós River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Ceratobranchia elatior Tortonese, 1942
Ceratobranchia elatior Tortonese, 1942: 67, pl. 4 (fig. 1). Type
Bryconops vibex Machado-Allison, Chernoff & locality: Rio Zamora, Ecuador. Holotype: MZUT 3558.
120
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin. COPTOBRYCON
Countries: Ecuador Coptobrycon Géry, 1966c: 226. Type species: Hasemania bilinea-
ta Ellis, 1911. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Ceratobranchia joanae Chernoff & Machado-Allison,
1990 Coptobrycon bilineatus (Ellis, 1911)
Ceratobranchia joanae Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 1990: 286, Hasemania bilineata Ellis, 1911: 150, pl. 1 (fig. 3). Type locality:
fig. 22. Type locality: Venezuela, Bolivar, Río Maniapure at Alto da Serra, São Paulo, in a creek [upper Paraná River basin,
crossing of Caicara-Puerto Ayacucho Hwy, 6°55’48”N, São Paulo, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54383 [ex CM 2937 or
66°33’22”W. Holotype: MBUCV 18616 [ex ANSP 159214]. 3004].
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin. Distribution: South America: Upper Tietê River basin.
Countries: Venezuela Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Géry (1966: 226) for remarks.
Ceratobranchia obtusirostris Eigenmann, 1914
Ceratobranchia obtusirostris Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Henn &
Wilson, 1914: 4. Type locality: Chauchamago, Peru CREAGRUTUS
[=Chanchamayo, now Pueblo Nuevo, Depto. Junín, 11°15’S, Creagrutus Günther, 1864: 339. Type species: Leporinus muelleri
75°15’W]. Holotype: CAS 40848 [ex IU 13154]. Günther, 1859. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Maximum length: 5.5 cm SL Creagrudite Myers, 1927: 117. Type species: Creagrudite maxil-
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin. laris Myers, 1927. Type by original designation. Gender: mascu-
Countries: Peru line.
Creagrutops Schultz, 1944: 327. Type species: Creagrutops mara-
CHALCEUS caiboensis Schultz, 1944. Type by original designation. Gender:
Chalceus Cuvier, 1816: 454. Type species: Chalceus macrolepido- masculine.
tus Cuvier, 1816. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine. Most
recent appraisal on the taxonomy of the genus is Géry (1977:
Creagrutus affinis Steindachner, 1880
Creagrutus affinis Steindachner, 1880: 79. Type locality: Río
342). The synonymy mentioned below was suggested by A. Za-
Cauca, Colombia. Lectotype: NMW 67120.1, designated by Ha-
nata and M. Toledo-Piza (pers. comm.), who are reviewing the
rold & Vari (1994: 25).
genus.
Creagrutus notropoides Meek & Hildebrand, 1912: 68. Type
Plethodectes Cope, 1870: 563. Type species: Plethodectes erythru-
locality: R. Indio, Panama. Holotype: FMNH 7574.
rus Cope, 1870. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Creagrutus leuciscus Regan, 1913: 463. Type locality: R. Lisa and
Pellegrinina Fowler, 1907: 442. Type species: Pellegrinina hete-
R. Condoto, San Juan River, Colombia. Lectotype: BMNH
rolepis Fowler, 1907. Type by original designation. Gender: fe-
1913.10.1.6, designated by Harold & Vari (1994: 26).
minine.
Creagrutus simus Meek & Hildebrand, 1913: 85. Type locality:
Chalceus erythrurus (Cope, 1870) Rio Cupe, Cituro, Panama. Holotype: FMNH 7591.
Plethodectes erythrurus Cope, 1870: 563, figs. Type locality: Creagrutus londonoi Fowler, 1945d: 3, figs. 1-3. Type locality:
Pebas, Equador [Amazon system, Peru]. Holotype: ANSP 8032. Honda, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP 71610.
Pellegrinina heterolepis Fowler, 1907: 442, fig. 39. Type locality: Maximum length: 7.8 cm SL
Probably some part of West Africa. Holotype: ANSP 8150 Distribution: Central and South America: Caribbean drainages of
(caudal damaged). Colombia from the Magdalena River basin west to coastal basins
Chalceus macrolepidotus iquitensis Nakashima, 1941: 76, fig. of Chocó Department, Pacific slope rivers of Panama from
Type locality: Cercanias del puerto de Iquitos [Amazon system, Bayano to Tuira River, Chagres River system of Atlantic slope of
Peru]. Type specimen(s) lost (H. Ortega, pers. comm.). Panama, and Baudo and San Juan rivers of Pacific slopes of Co-
Maximum length: 21.35 cm SL lombia.
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin. Countries: Colombia, Panama
Common names: Sardina (Peru)
Creagrutus amoenus Fowler, 1943
Creagrutus amoenus Fowler, 1943a: 239, fig. 18. Type locality:
Chalceus macrolepidotus Cuvier, 1816 Florencia, Río Orteguasa, Caquetá, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP
Chalceus macrolepidotus Cuvier, 1816: 454, pl. 21 (fig. 1). Type 70499.
locality: Brésil. Holotype: MNHN 2634. Creagrutus boehlkei Géry, 1972a: 63, pl. 4 (fig. 2). Type locality:
Chalceus ararapeera Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Oriente del Ecuador (=eastern Ecuador). Holotype: ZSM 28428.
1850: 244. Type locality: l’Essequibo [Guiana]. Syntypes: Maximum length: 9.1 cm SL
MNHN 5402 (2), A.9836 (1), A.9916. Distribution: South America: Andean foothill rivers of eastern
Creagrutus pellegrini Puyo, 1943: 143, fig. 2. Type locality: haut Ecuador and southeastern Colombia.
Itany... cours supérieur du Marouni [French Guiana]. Type spe- Countries: Colombia, Ecuador
cimen (s) lost (see Géry, 1959c: 345-346; Géry & Planquette, Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 58) for de-
1982: 68). tailed redescription.
Distribution: South America: Negro and Orinoco River basins and
Creagrutus anary Fowler, 1913
Creagrutus anary Fowler, 1913: 552, fig. 16. Type locality: Ma-
coastal rivers in Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana.
deira River, about 200 miles east of long. 62°20’W, Brazil. Holo-
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname,
type: ANSP 39290 (missing). Type locality apparently erroneous
Venezuela
(Böhlke 1955: 8).
Common names: Alampia (French Guiana), Arari-pirá (Brazil),
Douanier (French Guiana), Douanier caca (French Guiana), Ka-
Distribution: South America: Madeira River basin.
lala (French Guiana), Mopéaki (French Guiana), Rabirrojo (Co-
Countries: Brazil
lombia)
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 63) for de-
121
tailed redescription. Creagrutus calai Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus calai Vari & Harold, 2001: 85, fig. 32. Type locality:
Creagrutus atratus Vari & Harold, 2001 Colombia, Meta, unnamed stream on Rancho El Viento, across
Creagrutus atratus Vari & Harold, 2001: 66, fig. 24-25. Type Río Meta from Puerto Lopez (4°08’N, 72°39’W). Holotype:
locality: Colombia, Cundinamarca, Río Meta basin, Río Caqueza, ANSP 130527.
tributary to Río Negro, about 2 km upstream of village of Caque- Maximum length: 6.6 cm SL
za (latter at 4°25”N, 73°57”W). Holotype: ICNMHN 4158. Distribution: South America: Western Meta River basin in eastern
Maximum length: 7.01 cm SL Colombia.
Distribution: South America: western portions of Orinoco River Countries: Colombia
basin.
Countries: Colombia Creagrutus caucanus Eigenmann, 1913
Creagrutus caucanus Eigenmann, 1913: 9. Type locality: Paila,
Creagrutus atrisignum Myers, 1927 Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56104.
Creagrutus atrisignum Myers, 1927: 116. Type locality: Upper Maximum length: 8.3 cm SL
Rio Maranhão (upper Tocantins), Goyaz (=Goiás), Brazil. Holo- Distribution: South America: Upper Cauca River basin.
type: CAS 41339. Countries: Colombia
Maximum length: 5.5 cm SL Remarks and references: See Harold & Vari (1994: 5) for detailed
Distribution: South America: Maranhão River basin in Tocantins redescription.
River drainage.
Countries: Brazil Creagrutus changae Vari & Harold, 2001
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 69) for de- Creagrutus changae Vari & Harold, 2001: 88, fig. 34. Type locali-
tailed redescription. ty: Peru, Huanuco, Provincia Pachitea, Río San Alejandro, a tri-
butary of Río Sungarayacu, just above junction with Río Sunga-
Creagrutus barrigai Vari & Harold, 2001 rayacu (approximately 9°23’S, 75°11’W). Holotype: MUSM
Creagrutus barrigai Vari & Harold, 2001: 71, fig. 27. Type locali- 8858.
ty: Ecuador, Sucumbíos, Río Aguarico, near San Pablo de Kante- Maximum length: 6.69 cm SL
siya (0°15’18”S, 76°25’30”W). Holotype: MEPN 4621. Distribution: South America: Western tributaries of Ucayali River
Maximum length: 5.3 cm SL in departments of Junin, Pasco, and Huanuco, Peru.
Distribution: South America: Western Amazon River basin in Countries: Peru
northeastern Peru, northeastern Ecuador, and western Brazil.
Countries: Brazil, Ecuador, Peru Creagrutus cochui Géry, 1964
Creagrutus cochui Géry, 1964e: 56, fig. 12. Type locality: Upper
Creagrutus beni Eigenmann, 1911 Amazon region surrounding Iquitos, Peru. Holotype: USNM
Creagrutus beni Eigenmann, 1911b: 172, pl. 6 (fig. 2). Type local- 200426.
ity: Villa Bella on Río Beni (Bolivia). Holotype: FMNH 54585 Maximum length: 7.9 cm SL
(poor condition). Distribution: South America: Western Amazon River basin.
Maximum length: 7.3 cm SL Countries: Brazil, Peru
Distribution: South America: Upper Madeira River basin in nor- Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 91) for de-
theastern Bolivia. tailed redescription.
Countries: Bolivia Common names: Mojarita (Peru)
tailed redescription. Creagrutus cracentis Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus cracentis Vari & Harold, 2001: 93, fig. 36. Type local-
Creagrutus bolivari Schultz, 1944 ity: Brazil, Pará, Rio Tapajós, sandy beaches on an island located
Creagrutus bolivari Schultz, 1944: 334, fig. 49. Type locality: Río 5 km S of Itaituba (latter locality at 4°17’S, 55°59’W). Holotype:
Guárico and tributaries between San Sebastián and San Casimiro, MCP 15213.
State of Aragua, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121497. Maximum length: 3.83 cm SL
Maximum length: 5.2 cm SL Distribution: South America: Lower portions of Tapajós River
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin. basin.
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela Countries: Brazil
tailed redescription. Creagrutus crenatus Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus crenatus Vari & Harold, 2001: 95, fig. 37. Type locali-
Creagrutus brevipinnis Eigenmann, 1913 ty: Venezuela, Lara, Quebrada Sanare in Yay (9°45’N,
Creagrutus brevipinnis Eigenmann, 1913: 10. Type locality: Pie- 69°43’W). Holotype: MHNLS 505.
dra de Moler, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56095. Maximum length: 7.02 cm SL
Maximum length: 4.8 cm SL Distribution: South America: Upper Tocuyo River, Caribbean
Distribution: South America: Upper Cauca River basin. versant, north central Venezuela.
Countries: Colombia Countries: Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Harold & Vari (1994: 18) for de-
tailed redescription. Creagrutus ephippiatus Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus ephippiatus Vari & Harold, 2001: 98, fig. 39. Type
Creagrutus britskii Vari & Harold, 2001 locality: Venezuela, Amazonas, Upper Río Siapa, Campamento
Creagrutus britskii Vari & Harold, 2001: 83, fig. 31. Type locali- Siapa (Siapa Base Camp). Holotype: MBUCV V-29068.
ty: Brazil, Goiás, Iaciara, Ribeirão Macambira (approximately Maximum length: 5.84 cm SL
14°20’S, 46°45’W), near bridge on highway GO 112. Holotype: Distribution: South America: Siapa River, southern tributary of
MZUSP 40537. Casiquiare River, upper Negro River basin.
Maximum length: 5.25 cm SL Countries: Venezuela
Distribution: South America: Upper Tocantins River basin.
Countries: Brazil Creagrutus figueiredoi Vari & Harold, 2001
122
Creagrutus figueiredoi Vari & Harold, 2001: 101, fig. 40. Type Creagrutus hysginus Harold, Vari, Machado-Allison
locality: Brazil, Distrito Federal, Rio Maranhão, upper Rio To- & Provenzano, 1994
cantins basin, approximately 35 air km N of Brasilia (approx-
Creagrutus hysginus Harold, Vari, Machado-Allison & Provenza-
imately 15°32’S, 47°49’W). Holotype: MZUSP 50542.
no, 1994: 975, fig. 1. Type locality: Venezuela, Estado Sucre,
Río Güiria, near La Toma. Holotype: MBUCV V-20310.
Distribution: South America: Tocantins River drainage in both
upper Tocantins and Araguaia River basins.
Distribution: South America: Rivers draining into Gulf of Paria,
Countries: Brazil
Estados Sucre and Monagas.
Creagrutus flavescens Vari & Harold, 2001 Countries: Venezuela
Creagrutus flavescens Vari & Harold, 2001: 104, fig. 41. Type Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 119) for de-
locality: Ecuador, Pastaza, Río Tiguino basin, Río Tiguino No. 3 tailed redescription.
(unnamed tributary of Río Tiguino; 1°07’35”S, 76°56’52”W). Creagrutus ignotus Vari & Harold, 2001
Holotype: MEPN 4622.
Creagrutus ignotus Vari & Harold, 2001: 122, fig. 48. Type locali-
ty: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Riacho (small stream) 1, tributary to Rio
Distribution: South America: Eastern slopes of the Andean pied-
Preto at road to San Francisco, Município de Diamantino (Rio
mont.
Arinos basin). Holotype: MZUSP 45310.
Countries: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Creagrutus gephyrus Böhlke & Saul, 1975 Distribution: South America: Upper Tapajós River basin.
Creagrutus gephyrus Böhlke & Saul, 1975: 25, figs. 1-4. Type Countries: Brazil
locality: Río Aguarico at Santa Cecilia, Napo Province, Ecuador. Creagrutus kunturus Vari, Harold & Ortega, 1995
Holotype: ANSP 130516.
Creagrutus kunturus Vari, Harold & Ortega, 1995: 290, figs. 1-2.
Type locality: Peru, Departamento Amazonas, Provincia Con-
Distribution: South America: Andean piedmont rivers of eastern
dorcanqui, Cordillera del Condor, upper Río Comainas, 20 m
Ecuador and northeastern Peru.
upriver of Puesto de Vigilancia No.22 (3°56’30”S, 78°24’20”W).
Holotype: MUSM 5667.
tailed redescription.
Distribution: South America: Upper Marañón River in northeas-
Creagrutus gracilis Vari & Harold, 2001 tern Peru, upper Pastaza River and southwestern portion of Napo
Creagrutus gracilis Vari & Harold, 2001: 111, fig. 44. Type lo- River in southeastern Ecuador.
cality: Peru, Amazonas, Provincia Condorcanqui, Río Santiago, Countries: Ecuador, Peru
at La Poza (4°01’S, 77°47’W). Holotype: LACM 41724-27. Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 125) for de-
Maximum length: 7.7 cm SL tailed redescription.
Distribution: South America: Amazonas and Loreto States of Peru Creagrutus lassoi Vari & Harold, 2001
and various localities along eastern slope of Andean Cordilleras
Creagrutus lassoi Vari & Harold, 2001: 128, fig. 52. Type locali-
in Ecuador.
ty: Venezuela, Yaracuy, Río Tupe, Río Aroa drainage, approx-
imately 12 km N of Aroa, on Highway 3 (10°30’19”N,
Creagrutus gyrospilus Vari & Harold, 2001 68°52’33”W). Holotype: INHS 60094.
Creagrutus gyrospilus Vari & Harold, 2001: 113, fig. 45. Type Maximum length: 7.54 cm SL
locality: Venezuela, Portuguesa, Río Saguaz, Río Guanare-Apure Distribution: South America: Aroa and Yaracuy River basins,
drainage, bridge near park on road to Chabasquen (= Paraíso de Caribbean versant drainages of north central Venezuela.
Chabasquén; 9°23’30”N, 70°00’30”W). Holotype: INHS 69479. Countries: Venezuela
Maximum length: 6.23 cm SL Creagrutus lepidus Vari, Harold, Lasso & Machado-
Distribution: South America: Western Orinoco River basin in
Venezuela. Allison, 1993
Countries: Venezuela Creagrutus lepidus Vari, Harold, Lasso & Machado-Allison, 1993:
352, fig. 1. Type locality: Río Aroa basin, Quebrada El Charal,
Creagrutus hildebrandi Schultz, 1944 Finca El Jaguar, Sierra de Aroa, State of Yaracuy, Venezuela
Creagrutus hildebrandi Schultz, 1944: 330, figs. 47-48. Type (approx. 10°32’N, 68°32’W). Holotype: MHNLS 9659.
locality: Río Táchira, 7 km north of San Antonio, Catatumbo Maximum length: 4.7 cm SL
system, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121482. Distribution: South America: Aroa and Urama River basins, Ca-
Maximum length: 6.3 cm SL ribbean versant drainages of Venezuela.
Distribution: South America: Maracaibo Lake basin and Gulf of Countries: Venezuela
Venezuela. Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 131) for de-
Countries: Venezuela tailed redescription.
Remarks and references: See Harold & Vari (1994: 20) for de-
tailed redescription. Creagrutus machadoi Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus machadoi Vari & Harold, 2001: 134, fig. 54. Type
Creagrutus holmi Vari & Harold, 2001 locality: Venezuela, Bolivar, Departamento Cedeno, upper Río
Creagrutus holmi Vari & Harold, 2001: 116, fig. 46. Type locality: Caura, Caño Yumucukenã, within 4 km of its mouth. Holotype:
Peru, Amazonas, Provincia Utcubamba, Bagua Grande, San An- MCNG 18852.
tonio, Quebrada Jaimito (approximately 5°47’S, 78°23’W). Ho- Maximum length: 4.45 cm SL
lotype: MUSM 5670. Distribution: South America: Caura River basin.
Distribution: South America: Marañón River basin above Pongo
de Manseriche, in northeastern Peru. Creagrutus magdalenae Eigenmann, 1913
Countries: Peru Creagrutus magdalenae Eigenmann, 1913: 8. Type locality: Gi-
123
rardot, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56088. Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 149) for de-
Countries: Colombia Creagrutus menezesi Vari & Harold, 2001
Remarks and references: See Harold & Vari (1994: 16) for de- Creagrutus menezesi Vari & Harold, 2001: 153, figs. 63-64. Type
tailed redescription. locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Ribeirão Chiqueirão (tributary of
Rio Jangada, which, in turn, drains into the Rio Cuiabá), approx-
Creagrutus magoi Vari & Harold, 2001 imately 21 km W of Jangada (latter locality at 15°14’S,
Creagrutus magoi Vari & Harold, 2001: 137, fig. 55. Type locali- 56°29’W) on road to Barra do Bugres, Município de Jangada.
ty: Venezuela, Bolivar, Río Chaviripa, where crossed by bridge Holotype: MZUSP 50546.
on road from Caicara to San Fernando de Atabapo (approximate- Maximum length: 7.52 cm SL
ly 7°11’N, 66°18’W). Holotype: UF 80477. Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin and tentatively
Maximum length: 6.48 cm SL Branco and Negro River near mouth of Branco.
Distribution: South America: Chaviripa and Parguaza River ba- Countries: Brazil
sins, right bank tributaries to the Orinoco River.
Countries: Venezuela Creagrutus meridionalis Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus meredionalis Vari & Harold, 2001: 157, fig. 65. Type
Creagrutus manu Vari & Harold, 2001 locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Ribeirão Chiqueirão (tributary of
Creagrutus manu Vari & Harold, 2001: 140, fig. 56. Type locality: Rio Jangada, which, in turn, drains into the Rio Cuiabá), approx-
Peru, Madre de Dios, Provincia Manu, Río Manu basin, Parque imately 21 km W of Jangada (latter locality at 15°14’S,
Nacional Manu, Quebrada Agua Clara, first major quebrada on 56°29’W) on road to Barra do Bugres, Município de Jangada.
trail 1 leading from Pakitza (approximately 11°57’S, 71°17’W). Holotype: MZUSP 50546.
Holotype: MUSM 8867. Maximum length: 6.2 cm SL
Maximum length: 3.97 cm SL Distribution: South America: Upper Paraguay River basin in Mato
Distribution: South America: Upper Manu River basin in southeas- Grosso State, and eastern tributaries to Paraguay River in Para-
tern Peru. guay.
Countries: Peru Countries: Brazil, Paraguay
Creagrutus maracaiboensis (Schultz, 1944) Creagrutus molinus Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutops maracaiboensis Schultz, 1944: 327, figs. 45-46. Type Creagrutus molinus Vari & Harold, 2001: 159, fig. 66. Type local-
locality: Río Negro below mouth of Río Yasa, Lago Maracaibo ity: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Rio Araguaia basin, riacho (small
basin, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121531. stream) tributary to Ribeirão Lajeadinho, Município de Alto Ara-
Maximum length: 2.2 cm SL guaia (approximately 17°19’S, 53°12’W). Holotype: MZUSP
Distribution: South America: Maracaibo Lake basin. 41461.
Countries: Venezuela Maximum length: 5.58 cm SL
Remarks and references: See Harold & Vari (1994: 10) for de- Distribution: South America: Upper Araguaia River basin.
tailed redescription. Countries: Brazil
Creagrutus maxillaris (Myers, 1927) Creagrutus mucipu Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrudite maxillaris Myers, 1927: 118. Type locality: Sandbank Creagrutus mucipu Vari & Harold, 2001: 162, fig. 68. Type locali-
on the Colombian border, Rio Negro, Cucuhy (=Cucuí) (Brazil). ty: Brazil, Goiás, Município de Minaçu, Rio Tocantins, at port of
Holotype: CAS 30419. Rubao (13°44’31”S, 48°08’29”W). Holotype: MCP 19511.
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin and rivers drain- Distribution: South America: Upper Tocantins River basin.
ing the Guyana shield, upper Negro River in Venezuela and Bra- Countries: Brazil
zil, and perhaps upper Madeira River basin along Brazilian-
Bolivian border. Creagrutus muelleri (Günther, 1859)
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela Leporinus muelleri Günther, 1859: 92. Type locality: Andes of
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 142) for de- western Ecuador. Syntypes: BMNH 1858.7.25.42-43.
tailed redescription. Maximum length: 10.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Rivers of eastern slope of the An-
Creagrutus melanzonus Eigenmann, 1909 dean piedmont in Ecuador.
Creagrutus melanzonus Eigenmann, 1909a: 30. Type locality: Countries: Ecuador
Crab Falls, British Guiana (=Guyana). Holotype: FMNH 52705. Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 165) for de-
Distribution: South America: Cuyuni River of eastern Venezuela
to Sinnamary River basin of French Guiana. Creagrutus nigrostigmatus Dahl, 1960
Countries: French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela Creagrutus nigrostigmatus Dahl, 1960b: 353. Type locality: Pozo
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 146) for de- approxidamente 200 metros corriente arriba del puente de carre-
tailed redescription. tera entre Sincelejo y Tolú, en el arroyo Pechilín, municipio de
Toluviejo, departamento de Bolívar, Colombia [=pool approx.
Creagrutus melasma Vari, Harold & Taphorn, 1994 200 m upriver of bridge along road between Sincelejo and Tolú].
Creagrutus melasma Vari, Harold & Taphorn, 1994: 91, fig. 1. Neotype: ICNMHN 989, designated by Harold & Vari (1994:
Type locality: Venezuela, Estado Guarico, Parque Nacional Gua- 10).
topo, Río Orituco, first bridge along road from Santa Teresa to Maximum length: 2.3 cm SL
Altagracia. Holotype: MBUCV V-22198. Distribution: South America: Caño Pechilín and Caño Zaragocilla
Maximum length: 4 cm SL in Colombia.
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin and Tuy and Countries: Colombia
Neveri rivers of Caribbean Sea versant of Venezuela. Remarks and references: See Harold & Vari (1994: 7) for detailed
Countries: Venezuela redescription.
124
Creagrutus occidaneus Vari & Harold, 2001 co, Peru [=Montericco, Ayacucho, Peru]. Syntypes: NMW
Creagrutus occidaneus Vari & Harold, 2001: 167, fig. 70. Type 19852-19854, 19867-19871.
locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, Provincia Manu, Parque Nacional Creagrutus nasutus Günther, 1876: 400. Type locality: Monterico,
Manu, Pakitza, beach along Río Manu close to mouth of Quebra- Peru [=Monterrico, Ayacucho, Peru]. Syntypes: BMNH
da Pachija (approximately 11°57’S, 71°17’W). Holotype: 1875.10.14.26-33.
MUSM 8869. Maximum length: 8.7 cm SL
Maximum length: 6.59 cm SL Distribution: South America: Apurimac and Urubamba River
Distribution: South America: Foothills and lowlands of eastern basins.
Peru in the Manu River basin of Department of Madre de Dios Countries: Peru
and in upper Purus River basin in states of Acre and Amazonas, Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 181) for de-
Brazil and Department of Ucayali, Peru. tailed redescription.
Countries: Brazil, Peru Common names: Mojarita (Peru)
Creagrutus ortegai Vari & Harold, 2001 Creagrutus petilus Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus ortegai Vari & Harold, 2001: 170, fig. 71. Type locali- Creagrutus petilus Vari & Harold, 2001: 184, fig. 78. Type locali-
ty: Peru, San Martin, Provincia San Martin, Banda de Shilcayo, ty: Brazil, Rondônia, Rio Marco Rondon, Pimenta Bueno (ap-
upper portions of Quebrada Choclin, tributary to Río Huallaga, proximately 11°29’S, 61°12’W). Holotype: MNRJ 14807.
near town of Shapaja (latter locality at 6°36’S, 76°16’W). Holo- Maximum length: 4.88 cm SL
type: MUSM 7498. Distribution: South America: Upper Machado River, right bank
Maximum length: 7.11 cm SL tributary of Madeira River.
Distribution: South America: Huallaga River basin and headwaters Countries: Brazil
of the Aguaytia River.
Countries: Peru
Creagrutus phasma Myers, 1927
Creagrutus phasma Myers, 1927: 117. Type locality: Venzuela,
Creagrutus ouranonastes Vari & Harold, 2001 mouth of Curamuni, Río Cassiquiare. Syntypes: CAS 209192.
Creagrutus ouranonastes Vari & Harold, 2001: 173, fig. 72. Type Maximum length: 6.6 cm SL
locality: Peru, Apurimac, Provincia Aymaraes, Río Chalhuanca Distribution: South America: Upper Negro River north to Orinoco
(approximately 14°01’S, 73°11’W). Holotype: MUSM 8872. River basin.
Maximum length: 10 cm SL Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela
Distribution: South America: Upper Apurimac River basin. Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 186) for de-
Countries: Peru tailed redescription.
Creagrutus paraguayensis Mahnert & Géry, 1988 Creagrutus pila Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus paraguayensis Mahnert & Géry, 1988: 5, figs. 4-5; pl. Creagrutus pila Vari & Harold, 2001: 189, fig. 80. Type locality:
3. Type locality: Río Azotey à Cororo, prés de l’embouchure du Peru, Ucayali, Provincia Padre Abad, Río Huacamayo, km 155
Río Ypané Province Concepción, Paraguay (=Río Azotey at Co- on Highway (Carratera Federico Basadre) from Pucallpa to Tin-
roro, near mouth of Río Ypané, Concepción Province, Paraguay). go Maria. Holotype: MUSM 8874.
Holotype: MHNG 2386.01. Maximum length: 7.05 cm SL
Maximum length: 5.8 cm SL Distribution: South America: Smaller rivers draining into Aguaytia
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin in central and River, left bank tributary of Ucayali River.
northern Paraguay. Countries: Peru
Countries: Paraguay
Creagrutus planquettei Géry & Renno, 1989
tailed redescription. Creagrutus planquettei Géry & Renno, 1989: 1, figs. 1-5. Type
locality: Crique Japigny, Arataye, affluent de l’Approuague, en
Creagrutus paralacus Harold & Vari, 1994 amonte de Pierrette, Guyane (=crique Japigny, Arataye, tributary
Creagrutus paralacus Harold & Vari, 1994: 13, fig. 8. Type locali- of Approuague River, above Pierrette, French Guiana). Holotype:
ty: Río Catatumbo basin, Río Táchira, 7 km N of San Antonio, MNHN 1989-31.
Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121504. Maximum length: 6.7 cm SL
Maximum length: 6.7 cm SL Distribution: South America: Middle and upper Approuague River
Distribution: South America: Southern and southeastern tributaries basin.
to Maracaibo Lake. Countries: French Guiana
Countries: Venezuela Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 191) for de-
Creagrutus pearsoni Mahnert & Géry, 1988 Common names: Yaya (French Guiana)
Piabina beni Pearson, 1924: 45, pl. 10 (fig. 5). Type locality:
Popoi River, upper Beni. Syntypes: CAS 87389, UMMZ 66 495. Creagrutus provenzanoi Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus pearsoni Mahnert & Géry, 1988: 5. Type locality: Río Creagrutus provenzanoi Vari & Harold, 2001: 195, fig. 84. Type
Beni at Villa Bella, Amazon system, Bolivia. Holotype: FMNH locality: Venezuela, Amazonas, Upper Río Cataniapo basin,
54585 (poor condition). small caño above Saramä Sota. Holotype: MBUCV V-14392.
Distribution: South America: Upper Madeira River basin in nor- Distribution: South America: Cataniapo River basin, right bank
theastern Bolivia and southeastern Peru. tributary of Orinoco River.
Countries: Bolivia, Peru Countries: Venezuela
Creagrutus runa Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus runa Vari & Harold, 2001: 198, fig. 85. Type locality:
Creagrutus peruanus (Steindachner, 1875) Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, Paraná do Jacaré (approximately
Piabina peruana Steindachner, 1875: 596. Type locality: Monteri- 0°30’S, 66°30’W). Holotype: MZUSP 29888.
125
Distribution: South America: Upper Negro River basin. Creagrutus zephyrus Vari & Harold, 2001
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela Creagrutus zephyrus Vari & Harold, 2001: 220, fig. 94. Type
locality: Venezuela, Amazonas, Río Casiquiare, playa and back-
Creagrutus saxatilis Vari & Harold, 2001 water about 2 km downstream from mouth of Río Pamoni
Creagrutus saxatilis Vari & Harold, 2001: 200, fig. 86. Type (2°48’N, 65°57’W). Holotype: ANSP 161238.
locality: Brazil, Goiás, Niquelândia, Rio Indaial, left bank tribu- Maximum length: 3.98 cm SL
tary of Rio Maranhão, upper Rio Tocantins basin. Holotype: Distribution: South America: Central and upper Negro River.
MNRJ 14544. Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Distribution: South America: Upper Tocantins River basin in
Goiás State and Distrito Federal. CTENOBRYCON
Countries: Brazil Ctenobrycon Eigenmann, 1908: 94. Type species: Tetragonopterus
hauxwellianus Cope, 1870. Type by original designation. Gend-
Creagrutus seductus Vari & Harold, 2001 er: masculine.
Creagrutus seductus Vari & Harold, 2001: 202, fig. 87. Type Apodastyanax Fowler, 1911: 422. Type species: Apodastyanax
locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Upper Rio Araguaia basin, Córre- stewardsoni Fowler, 1911. Type by original designation. Gender:
go Fundo, Município de Barra do Garças (approximately masculine.
15°53’S, 52°15’W). Holotype: MZUSP 51026.
Maximum length: 7.03 cm SL Ctenobrycon alleni (Eigenmann & McAtee, 1907)
Distribution: South America: Upper Araguaia River basin. Tetragonopterus alleni Eigenmann & McAtee, in Eigenmann,
Countries: Brazil McAtee & Ward, 1907: 126, pl. 40 (fig. 2). Type locality: Co-
rumba [Rio Paraguay basin, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil]. Holo-
Creagrutus taphorni Vari & Harold, 2001 type: CAS 57616 [ex IU 10158].
Creagrutus taphorni Vari & Harold, 2001: 205, fig. 88. Type Maximum length: 8 cm SL
locality: Venezuela, Guarico, Río Orituco, Parque Nacional Gua- Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
topo, first bridge along road from Santa Teresa to Altagracia. Countries: Brazil, Paraguay
Holotype: MBUCV V-29288. Remarks and references: See Britski et. al. (1999: 32) for descrip-
Maximum length: 7.41 cm SL tion.
Distribution: South America: Piedmont streams of north central Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Venezuela, east of Andean Cordilleras, largely in Orinoco River
and Tuy River basin of Caribbean versant. Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus (Cope, 1870)
Countries: Venezuela Tetragonopterus hauxwellianus Cope, 1870: 560. Type locality:
Pebas, Ecuador [now Peru]. Syntypes: ANSP 8157 [incorrectly
Creagrutus ungulus Vari & Harold, 2001 considered as the holotype by Böhlke (1984)], ANSP 8138-42
Creagrutus ungulus Vari & Harold, 2001: 209, fig. 89. Type local- (5).
ity: Peru, Madre de Dios, Provincia Manu, Quebrada Soga, tribu- Ctenobrycon rhabdops Fowler, 1913: 537, fig. 10. Type locality:
tary of Río Alto Madre de Dios, 1 km upstream from Erika (op- Igarapé de Candelaria (about two miles from the Madeira River,
posite Salvacion; approximately 12°53’S, 71°12’W). Holotype: into which it empties), in Lat. S. 8°45’, Long. W 63°54’, Brazil.
MUSM 8878. Holotype: ANSP 39220.
Maximum length: 7.49 cm SL Maximum length: 8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Madre de Dios River basin. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru Countries: Brazil, Peru
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Mojara (Peru)
Creagrutus veruina Vari & Harold, 2001
Creagrutus veruina Vari & Harold, 2001: 213, fig. 91. Type lo- Ctenobrycon spilurus (Valenciennes, 1850)
cality: Venezuela, Amazonas, Río Cataniapo, 200 m above Las Tetragonopterus spilurus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
Pavas. Holotype: MBUCV V-29072. ciennes, 1850: 156. Type locality: Surinam. Syntypes: MHNH
Maximum length: 4.47 cm SL 5341 (ex RMNH).
Distribution: South America: Cataniapo River basin, east bank Apodastyanax stewardsoni Fowler, 1911: 422, fig. 2. Type-
tributary of middle Orinoco River. locality: Corisal, Venezuela [Orinoco River basin]. Holotype:
Countries: Venezuela ANSP 37867.
Creagrutus vexillapinnus Vari & Harold, 2001 Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin; coastal river
Creagrutus vexillapinnus Vari & Harold, 2001: 215, fig. 92. Type basins of Guiana, Suriname, and french Guiana.
locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, Cachoeira de São Gabriel Countries: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
(0°08’S, 67°05’W). Holotype: MZUSP 29894. Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992) for notes on ecology
Maximum length: 5.04 cm SL and synonymy.
Distribution: South America: Upper Negro and upper Orinoco Common names: Bobita (Venezuela)
River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela Species inquirendae
Tetragonopterus multiradiatus Steindachner, 1876b: 92. Type
Creagrutus xiphos Vari & Harold, 2001 locality: Amazonenstrom bei Teffé [Brazil]. Syntypes not found
Creagrutus xiphos Vari & Harold, 2001: 218, fig. 93. Type locali- at NMW.
ty: Venezuela, Bolivar, Sand bank along Río Mato (7°02’N, Tetragonopterus correntinus Holmberg, 1891: 188. Type locality:
65°13’W). Holotype: ANSP 165815. Corrientes, Río Paraná, Argentina. No types known.
Maximum length: 2.77 cm SL Astyanax pelegrini Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward,
Distribution: South America: Mato River in the Caura River basin, 1907: 136, pl. 40 (fig. 3). Type locality: Paraguay Basin and Ba-
Orinoco River drainage. hia Negra.
Countries: Venezuela Tetragonopterus gibbicervix Pellegrin, 1909: 152. Type locality:
Tabatinga Tonnantins Teffé [Amazon River, Brazil]. Syntypes:
126
MNHN 1909-182 (1), MNHN 1909-320 (1), MNHN 1909-321 Remarks and references: Redescribed in Travassos (1957: 87).
(2), NMW 57516 (1). Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Deuterodon singularis Lucena & Lucena, 1992

DEUTERODON Deuterodon singularis Lucena & Lucena, 1992: 141, fig. 11. Type
Deuterodon Eigenmann in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward, 1907: locality: Santa Catarina: rio Sanga de Areia, Gravatal (aprox.
140. Type species: Deuterodon iguape Eigenmann, 1907. Type 49°06W 28°33’S) [Brazil]. Holotype: MCP 14753.
by monotypy. Gender: masculine. Species of coastal river drai- Maximum length: 8.8 cm SL
nages of southern Brazil revised by Lucena & Lucena (1992), Distribution: South America: Tubarão River basin and coastal
with species descriptions, geographical distribution and com- drainages between its mouth and Da Madre River.
ments on diagnostic characters. Countries: Brazil
Joinvillea Steindachner, 1908: 29. Type species: Joinvillea rosae Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Steindachner, 1908. Type by monotypy. Gender: feminine.
Distoechus Gomes, 1947: 12. Type species: Distoechus stigmatu- Deuterodon stigmaturus (Gomes, 1947)
rus Gomes, 1947. Type by original designation. Gender: mascu- Distoechus stigmaturus Gomes, 1947: 13, fig. 2; pl. 1 (fig. 2).
line. Type locality: backwater of Rio Maquiné, a tributary to Lagôa
dos Quadros, Conceiçao do Arroio County, Rio Grande do Sul,
Deuterodon iguape Eigenmann, 1907 Brazil. Holotype: UMMZ 143273.
Deuterodon iguape Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward, Maximum length: 10.7 cm SL
1907: 140, pl. 41 (fig. 3). Type locality: Iguape [São Paulo, Bra- Distribution: South America: Maquiné, Três Forquilhas and Mam-
zil]. Holotype: CAS 44226 [ex IU 9265]. pituba River basins in Rio Grande do Sul State.
Distribution: South America: Ribeira de Iguape River basin. Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: Redescribed with synonymy in Eigen- Deuterodon supparis Lucena & Lucena, 1992
mann (1927: 346); see Lucena & Lucena (1992: 152) for com- Deuterodon supparis Lucena & Lucena, 1992: 148, fig. 12. Type
ments about species description. locality: Santa Catarina: afluente do Rio Itajaí-Açu, estrada Blu-
Common names: Lambari (Brazil) menau-Rio do Sul (Br 470), próximo a Ibirama (aprox. 49°33’ W
27°04’S)[ Brazil]. Holotype: MCP 14752.
Deuterodon langei Travassos, 1957 Maximum length: 10.24 cm SL
Deuterodon langei Travassos, 1957: 81, fig. 9. Type locality: Distribution: South America: Itajaí-Açu River basin in Santa Cata-
Córrego da Divisa - Pôrto de Cima - Paraná [Morretes, Brazil]. rina State.
Holotype: MNRJ 8534. Countries: Brazil
Deuterodon amniculus Lucena & Lucena, 1992: 127, fig. 5. Type Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
locality: Santa Catarina: arroio Lindo, ao lado da SC 301 próxi-
mo do entroncamento com a Br 101, Pirabeiraba, Joinville
(aprox. 48°57’W 26°10’S). Holotype: MCP 14755. ENGRAULISOMA
Deuterodon garujo Lucena & Lucena, 1992: 130, fig. 5. Type Engraulisoma Castro, 1981: 135. Type species: Engraulisoma
locality: Santa Catarina: rio Garuvá, sob a ponte na Br 101 cerca taeniatum Castro, 1981. Type by original designation. Gender:
de 2 Km da divisa Santa Catarina/Paraná, Garuvá (aprox. neuter.
48°55’W 25°59’S). Holotype: MCP 14754.
Maximum length: 9.4 cm SL Engraulisoma taeniatum Castro, 1981
Distribution: South America: Coastal basins between Cubatão Engraulisoma taeniatum Castro, 1981: 137, fig. 1. Type locality:
(northern) River, Santa Catarina State and the Nhundiaquara Brasil. Mato Grosso: Rio Cuiabá, Município de Poconé. Holo-
River basin in Paraná State. type: MZUSP 14704.
Countries: Brazil Maximum length: 4.2 cm SL
Remarks and references: see Lucena & Lucena (1992: 137) for Distribution: South America: Upper Paraguay and Napo River
comments about distribution. basins.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil) Countries: Brazil, Ecuador, Peru
Deuterodon longirostris (Steindachner, 1907) EXODON

Tetragonopterus fasciatus longirostris Steindachner, 1907: 481. Exodon Müller & Troschel, 1844: 31. Type species: Exodon para-
Type locality: Flusse Cubatão [Águas Mornas, Santa Catarina doxus Müller & Troschel, 1844. Type by monotypy. Gender:
State, Brazil]. Syntypes: (23) NMW 57508 (2), 57633 (4). masculine.
Maximum length: 9.13 cm SL Hystricodon Günther, 1864: 349. Type species: Exodon paradoxus
Distribution: South America: Cubatão (southern) River in Santa Müller & Troschel, 1844. Type by being a replacement name.
Catarina State. Gender: masculine.
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: For information regarding the type locali- Exodon paradoxus Müller & Troschel, 1844
ty see Lucena & Lucena (1990). Exodon paradoxus Müller & Troschel, 1844: 91, pl. 4 (fig. 1).
Common names: Lambari (Brazil) Type locality: Guiana. Syntypes: ZMB 3609 (2).
Epicyrtus exodon Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:
Deuterodon rosae (Steindachner, 1908) 46. Type locality: l’Amazone.
Joinvillea rosae Steindachner, 1908: 30. Type locality: Rio Jara- Maximum length: 7.5 cm SL
guá bei Joinville im Staate S. Catarina (Brasilien). Lectotype: Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin; Tocantins
NMW 69596 (105 mm SL), designated by Lucena & Lucena River basin; Guyana.
(1992: 138). Countries: Brazil, Guyana
Maximum length: 11.7 cm SL Common names: Miguelinho (Brazil)
Distribution: South America: Itapocú River basin.
Countries: Brazil
127
GENYCHARAX Gymnocorymbus bondi (Fowler, 1911)

Genycharax Eigenmann, 1912a: 22. Type species: Genycharax Phenacogaster bondi Fowler, 1911: 419, fig. 1. Type locality:
tarpon Eigenmann, 1912. Type by original designation. Gender: Corisal, Venezuela. Holotype: ANSP 37863.
masculine. Gymnocorymbus socolofi Géry, 1964c: 25, fig. 1. Type locality:
about 200 miles east of Bogota, Colombia, in the upper Rio Meta
Genycharax tarpon Eigenmann, 1912 drainage. Holotype: USNM 198646.
Genycharax tarpon Eigenmann, 1912a: 22. Type locality: Cartago Maximum length: 5 cm SL
[Cauca River basin, Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56018 [ex CM Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
4808]. Countries: Colombia, Venezuela
Maximum length: 17.4 cm SL Remarks and references: Synonymy above is based on personal
Distribution: South America: Upper Cauca River basin. observation and examination of types.
Countries: Colombia Common names: Bobita (Venezuela)
Remarks and references: Game fish (Eigenmann, 1912a: 22; Dahl,
1971: 129). See Géry (1977: 531) for comments. Gymnocorymbus ternetzi (Boulenger, 1895)
Tetragonopterus ternetzi Boulenger, 1895: 528. Type locality:
Descalvados, Matto Grosso [Brazil]. Syntypes: BMNH
GRUNDULUS 1885.5.163-7.
Grundulus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 216. Maximum length: 6 cm SL
Type species: Poecilia bogotensis Humboldt, 1821. Type by mo- Distribution: South America: Paraguay and Guaporé River basins.
notypy. Gender: masculine. See Malabarba (1998: 228-229) for Countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia (introduced)
comments on the status of Grundulus, Rhodeoides and Cteno- Remarks and references: See Britski et. al. (1999: 32) for descrip-
charax. tion.
Rhodeoides Thominot, 1884: 149. Type species: Rhodeoides vail- Common names: Black tetra (USA), Tetra preto (Brazil)
lanti Thominot, 1884. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Ctenocharax Regan, 1907: 403. Type species: Ctenocharax bogo- Gymnocorymbus thayeri Eigenmann, 1908
tensis Regan, 1907. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine. Gymnocorymbus thayeri Eigenmann, 1908: 93. Type locality:
Amazons from Tabatinga to Gurupa [Brazil].
Grundulus bogotensis (Humboldt, 1821) Moenkhausia profunda Eigenmann, 1912b: 322, pl. 46 (fig. 1).
Poecilia bogotensis Humboldt in Humboldt & Valenciennes, Type locality: Cloaca trenches, Issora Rubber Plantation [Guya-
1821: 154, 159, pl. 45 (fig. 1). Type locality: Plains of Bogota, na]. Holotype: FMNH 53717 [ex CM 2207].
Colombia. Holotype: unknown. Maximum length: 5 cm SL
Ctenocharax bogotensis Regan, 1907: 403. Type locality: Bogota Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin (Bolivia
[Colombia]. Holotype: BMNH 1868.3.4.1. and Colombia). Recorded from the Orinoco River, Guyana, and
Distribution: South America: Magdalena River basin. Trinidad and Tobago.
Countries: Colombia Countries: Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago
Remarks and references: Ctenocharax bogotensis Regan is a junior Remarks and references: See Eigenmann (1918: 125) for descrip-
homonym of the type species of Grundulus, Poecilia bogotensis tion.
Humboldt, 1821 - see Malabarba (1998: 229) for comments. Common names: False black tetra (USA), Lambari (Brazil), Sardi-
Species inquirenda nita (Ecuador)
Rhodeoides vaillanti Thominot, 1884: 150. Type locality: Río
Chénéché, affluent of Río Magdalena, Bolivia, elev. ca. 2000 m. GYMNOTICHTHYS
Holotype: unknown. Gymnotichthys Fernández-Yépez, 1950: 9. Type species: Gymno-
tichthys hildae Fernández-Yépez, 1950. Type by original desig-
GYMNOCHARACINUS nation. Gender: masculine.
Gymnocharacinus Steindachner, 1903b: 6. Type species: Gymno- Gymnotichthys hildae Fernández-Yépez, 1950
characinus bergii Steindachner, 1903. Type by monotypy. Gend- Gymnotichthys hildae Fernández-Yépez, 1950: 10, pl. 2 (fig. 1).
er: masculine. Type locality: Rio Autana [Orinoco River basin, Venezuela].
Gymnocharacinus bergii Steindachner, 1903 Holotype: MHNLS 963 [ex AFY 48164].
Gymnocharacinus bergii Steindachner, 1903a: 17. Type locality: Maximum length: 7.1 cm SL
Bache des südlichen Argentinien, der nach kurzem Laufe in der Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
Ebene verschwimdet [Argentina]. Syntypes: NMW 69429 (1), Countries: Venezuela
uncat (1, skeleton). Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 451) for comments.
Distribution: South America: Valcheta River basin in Negro River HASEMANIA
drainage of southern Argentina. Hasemania Ellis, 1911: 148. Type species: Hasemania melanura
Countries: Argentina Ellis, 1911. Type by original designation. Gender: feminine.
Remarks and references: Illustrated and described in more detail in Pristicharax Fowler, 1949a: 1. Type species: Pristicharax hanseni
Steindachner (1903b: 6, pl. 1, fig. 2). See Géry, (1977: 535) for Fowler, 1949a. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
comments. Threatened species according to Ortubay & Cussac
(2000: 144). Hasemania crenuchoides Zarske & Géry, 1999
Common names: Mojarra bronceada (Argentina), Mojarra desnuda Hasemania crenuchoides Zarske & Géry, 1999: 91, fig. 1. Type
(Argentina), Naked Characin (USA), Naked Tetra (USA) locality: Corrego Planaltina, oberer Rio São Bartolomeu
(mündend in den Rio Corumba, Nebenfluss des Rio Paranaiba,
La-Plata system), 1050 m über NN, nahe Planaltina, nordöstl.
GYMNOCORYMBUS von Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Bundesstaat Goias, Brasilien, etwa
Gymnocorymbus Eigenmann, 1908: 93. Type species: Gymnoco- 15°38’ südl. Breite und 47°40’ westl. Länge. Holotype: MZUSP
rymbus thayeri Eigenmann, 1908. Type by original designation. 52732.
Gender: masculine.
128
Maximum length: 6.72 cm SL type: whereabouts unknown.
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin in Distrito Maximum length: 6.67 cm SL
Federal. Distribution: South America: Upper Atrato River basin.
Countries: Brazil Countries: Colombia
Common names: Sardina (Colombia)
Hasemania hanseni (Fowler, 1949)
Pristicharax hanseni Fowler, 1949a: 1, fig. 2. Type locality: Hemibrycon colombianus Eigenmann, 1914
Goiaz, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 72104. Hemibrycon colombianus Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Henn &
Maximum length: 3.1 cm SL Wilson, 1914: 8. Type locality: Rio San Gil, Santander, Colom-
Distribution: South America: Goiás State (exact locality un- bia. Holotype: FMNH 56653 [ex CM 5470].
known). Maximum length: 10.6 cm SL
Countries: Brazil Distribution: South America: San Gil River, Santander.
Remarks and references: See Böhlke (1958: 46-49) for a redescrip- Countries: Colombia
tion of the species. Remarks and references: See Dahl, (1971) for identification key
and distribution and list of species from Colombia.
Hasemania maxillaris Ellis, 1911 Common names: Golosa (Colombia), Sardina (Colombia)
Hasemania maxillaris Ellis, 1911: 148, pl. 1 (fig. 1). Type locality:
Porto União, Rio Iguassú [Iguaçu River, Paraná River basin, Pa- Hemibrycon dariensis Meek & Hildebrand, 1916
raná, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54303 [ex CM 2937]. Hemibrycon dariensis Meek & Hildebrand, 1916: 285, pl. 20.
Maximum length: 2.9 cm TL Type locality: Rio Yape, Rio Tuyra Basin, Panama. Holotype:
Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin. FMNH 8947.
Distribution: Central America: Yape River in Tuira River basin.
Hasemania melanura Ellis, 1911 Countries: Panama
Hasemania melanura Ellis, 1911: 149, pl. 1 (fig. 2). Type locality:
Porto União, Rio Iguassú [Iguaçu, Paraná River basin, Paraná, Hemibrycon decurrens (Eigenmann, 1913)
Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54384 [ex CM 3002]. Bryconamericus decurrens Eigenmann, 1913: 20. Type locality:
Maximum length: 4.4 cm TL Soplaviento [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56255 [ex CM 5055].
Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin. Maximum length: 5.7 cm SL
Countries: Brazil Distribution: South America: Lower Magdalena River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Hasemania nana (Lütken, 1875) Remarks and references: See Dahl (1971) for identification key
Tetragonopterus nanus Lütken, 1875a: 133. Type locality: Iacu and distribution and list of species from Colombia.
Lagoa Santa [São Francisco River basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil]. Common names: Galocha (Colombia), Sardinita (Colombia)
Syntypes: USNM 44958 (4), MNHN 9584 (5), ZMB 9202 (5),
ZMUC 664-678 (15), ZMUC 900-916 (17). Hemibrycon dentatus (Eigenmann, 1913)
Hasemania marginata Meinken, 1938: 225, fig. Type locality: Bryconamericus dentatus Eigenmann, 1913: 19. Type locality:
Südöstliches Brasilien, genauer Fangplatz unbekannt. Piedra Moler [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56253 [ex CM
Maximum length: 2.66 cm SL 5054a].
Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin in Minas Maximum length: 11.8 cm SL
Gerais State. Distribution: South America: Cauca River basin, upper San Jorge,
Countries: Brazil Cesar, and Orihueca Rivers.
Remarks and references: See Géry (1972: 9) and Lima & Gerhard Countries: Colombia
(2001: 112) for notes on taxonomy. Remarks and references: See Dahl (1971) for identification key
HEMIBRYCON
Hemibrycon Günther, 1864: 330. Type species: Tetragonopterus Hemibrycon guppyi (Regan, 1906)
polyodon Günther, 1864. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine. Tetragonopterus guppyi Regan, 1906: 384, pl. 21 (fig. 1). Type
locality: Glenside Estate stream, at the foot of the range of hills,
Hemibrycon boquiae (Eigenmann, 1913)
Trinidad Island, West Indies.
Bryconamericus boquiae Eigenmann, 1913: 20. Type locality:
Boquia [at western base of Mount Tolima, Colombia]. Holotype:
Distribution: South America: Glenside Estate Stream, Trinidad
FMNH 56259 [ex CM 5059]. Name originally published as Bry-
Island.
conamericus or Hemibrycon boquiae spec. nov.?
Countries: Trinidad and Tobago
Hemibrycon boquillae Eigenmann, 1922b: 153. Type locality:
Common names: Mountain-stream Sardine (Trinidad and Tobago)
Boquia [at western base of Mount Tolima, Colombia]. Holotype:
FMNH 56259 [ex CM 5059]. Hemibrycon helleri Eigenmann, 1927
Maximum length: 4.8 cm SL Hemibrycon helleri Eigenmann, 1927b: 406, pl. 96 (fig. 2). Type
Distribution: South America: Upper Cauca River basin. locality: Rio Comberciato [Peru]. Holotype: ?MCZ 31565 (1) or
Countries: Colombia 30980 (1).
Remarks and references: Misspelled or unjustifibly emmended to Maximum length: 10 cm SL
Hemibrycon boquillae by Eigenmann (1922: 153) with same Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, Urubamba,
types. See Dahl (1971) for identification key and distribution and Comberciato, and Crisnejas rivers in Peru.
list of species from Colombia. Countries: Peru
Hemibrycon huambonicus (Steindachner, 1882)
Hemibrycon carrilloi Dahl, 1960 Tetragonopterus huambonicus Steindachner, 1882a: 177. Type
Hemibrycon carrilloi Dahl, 1960a: 467, fig. Type locality: Que- locality: Huambo [Peru]. Syntypes: NMW 57531. Species later
brada La Noche, tributary to the upper Atrato [Colombia]. Holo- illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner (1882b:
129
25, pl. 5, fig. 1). portion of the Island of Trinidad, W.I. [Trinidad and Tobago]
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, mountain Distribution: Central America: Western Trinidad Island.
streams of the eastern slope of Peru and the Beni River basin. Countries: Trinidad and Tobago
Countries: Peru Common names: Mountain stream sardine (Trinidad and Tobago),
Sardine (Trinidad and Tobago)
Hemibrycon jabonero Schultz, 1944
Hemibrycon dentatus jabonero Schultz, 1944: 363, fig. 55. Type Hemibrycon tolimae (Eigenmann, 1913)
locality: Río Chama at Estanques, Estado de Mérida, Venezuela. Bryconamericus tolimae Eigenmann, 1913: 18. Type locality:
Holotype: USNM 121455. Ibagué [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56257 [ex CM 5057].
Distribution: South America: Maracaibo Lake basin. Distribution: South America: Upper Magdalena River basin.
Countries: Venezuela Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Dahl (1971) for identification key
Hemibrycon jelskii (Steindachner, 1877) and distribution and list of species from Colombia.
Tetragonopterus jelskii Steindachner, 1876a: 590. Type locality: Common names: Pintona (Colombia), Sardina pintada (Colombia),
Monterico [Peru]. Sardinita pintada (Colombia)
Distribution: South America: Remac River basin near Lima. Hemibrycon tridens Eigenmann, 1922
Countries: Peru Hemibrycon tridens Eigenmann, 1922b: 152. Type locality: Río
Apurimac at Uruhuasi [Peru]. Holotype: CAS 44358 [ex IU
Hemibrycon metae Myers, 1930 13723]. Description in key.
Hemibrycon metae Myers, 1930: 68. Type locality: Guaicaramo, Maximum length: 6.5 cm SL
Rio Guavio, Colombia. Holotype: SU 23727. Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Maximum length: 8 cm SL Countries: Peru
Distribution: South America: Upper Meta River basin. Remarks and references: See Eigenmann (1927: 403-404) for
Countries: Colombia detailed description.
Hemibrycon orcesi Böhlke, 1958 Hemibrycon velox Dahl, 1964
Hemibrycon orcési Böhlke, 1958b: 25, pl. 2 (fig. 4). Type locality: Hemibrycon velox Dahl, in Dahl & Medem, 1964: 68, fig. Type
Río Macuna [northern tributary of upper Morona River, upper locality: Quebrada Caña Fina, Río Verde del Sinu [Colombia].
Amazon, 2°7-13’ S, 77°35-47’ W, prov. Santiago-Zamora, Ecua- Holotype: not researched.
dor]. Holotype: USNM 164064. Maximum length: 11 cm SL
Maximum length: 5 cm SL Distribution: South America: Sinu River basin.
Distribution: South America: Macuma River basin. Countries: Colombia
Countries: Ecuador Remarks and references: See Dahl (1971) for identification key
Hemibrycon polyodon (Günther, 1864) Common names: Sardina (Colombia)
Tetragonopterus polyodon Günther, 1864: 330. Type locality:
Guayaquil [Ecuador]. Holotype: BMNH 1858.7.25.41.
?Hemibrycon coxeyi Fowler, 1943d: 1, fig. 1(1). Type locality: HEMIGRAMMUS
Hacienda Las Mascota, mouth of the Rio Pastaza, basin of the Hemigrammus Gill, 1858: 420. Type species: Poecilurichthys
Rio Marañon, Ecuador. Holotype: ANSP 70155. Provisional (Hemigrammus) unilineatus Gill, 1858. Type by monotypy in
synonym. subgenus. Gender: masculine. More recent appraisal is Géry
Maximum length: 16.8 cm SL (1977: 490-510). See Taphorn (1992: 221) for synonymization of
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin. Ramizerella.
Countries: Ecuador Holopristis Eigenmann, 1903: 145. Type species: Tetragonopterus
Remarks and references: See Eigenmann (1927: 410), Fowler ocellifer Steindachner, 1883. Type by original designation.
(1943: 2), and Géry (1977: 379) for distribution of Hemibrycon Gender: feminine. Unjustifiably emended or misspelled Holo-
species in Ecuador and possibly synonym of H. coxeyi with H. pristes by Eigenmann & Ogle (1907: 11).
polyodon. The type locality of H. coxeyi given by Fowler (1943) Ramirezella Fernández-Yépez, 1949: unnumbered. Type species:
is not in accordance with the original label of the holotype (M.H. Ramirezella newboldi Fernández-Yépez, 1949. Type by original
Sabaj, pers.comm.) or the information given by Brown (1941: designation. Gender: feminine.
834) on the position of the Hacienda Mascota (see also Böhlke,
1958b: 24-25). Type locality should be ammended to “Ecuador, Hemigrammus aereus Géry, 1959
Napo-Pastaza, Hacienda Mascota, río Topo, a tributary of río Hemigrammus aereus Géry, 1959a: 257, fig. 5. Type locality:
Pastaza, 1°25’S, 78°11’W”. crique Nancibo, basin de la Conté, un des formateurs du Mahury
[French Guiana]. Holotype: MHNG 2181.86.
Hemibrycon surinamensis Géry, 1962 Maximum length: 2.4 cm SL
Hemibrycon surinamensis Géry, 1962: 71, fig. 2. Type locality: Distribution: South America: Known only from the type locality in
Brownscreek, -km. 114 of the railroad Paramaribo-Dam, Para- Comté River basin.
macca river basin, Surinam. Holotype: ZMA 104188 [ex Géry Countries: French Guiana
M.107.1]. Remarks and references: Planquette et al. (1996: 295) suggested
Maximum length: 7.08 cm SL that probably Hemigrammus aereus is a synonym of either
Distribution: South America: Coastal drainages of French Guiana Moenkhausia collettii or Hemigrammus bellottii.
and Suriname.
Countries: French Guiana, Suriname Hemigrammus analis Durbin, 1909
Hemigrammus analis Durbin, 1909: 64. Type locality: Rockstone
Hemibrycon taeniurus (Gill, 1858) [Essequibo River, Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53041 [ex CM
Poecilurichthys taeniurus Gill, 1858: 418. Type locality: Western 1466].
130
Maximum length: 3.6 cm TL Hemigrammus cupreus Durbin, 1918
Distribution: South America: Essequibo and Demerara rivers; Hemigrammus cupreus Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1918: 168, pl. 20
Apure River basin, Orinoco River basin, lower Tapajós and Ne- (fig. 3). Type locality: Jatuarana [probably near Parintins, Ama-
gro River basins. zonas, Brazil], Silva, Lake Saraca [Silves, Lago Saracá, Amazo-
Countries: Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela nas, Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 21067 (6), MCZ 89964 (11), CAS
Remarks and references: Goulding et al. (1988) and Taphorn 42675 (2).
(1992: 200-202) provided information on taxonomy and ecology. Maximum length: 5.3 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Solimões River basin in Brazil.
Hemigrammus barrigonae Eigenmann & Henn, 1914 Countries: Brazil
Hemigrammus barrigonae Eigenmann & Henn, 1914: 232. Type
locality: Barrigona, Rio Meta [Colombia]. Holotype: CAS 44368 Hemigrammus cylindricus Durbin, 1909
[ex IU 13423]. Hemigrammus cylindricus Durbin, 1909: 62. Type locality: Tuma-
Maximum length: 4 cm SL tumari [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53426 [ex CM 1461].
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin. Maximum length: 10.8 cm TL
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela Distribution: South America: Essequibo River, Guyana.
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 203-205) for rede- Countries: Guyana
scription and ecological notes.
Common names: Sardinita dos líneas (Venezuela) Hemigrammus elegans (Steindachner, 1882)
Tetragonopterus elegans Steindachner, 1882a: 179. Type locality:
Hemigrammus belottii (Steindachner, 1882) Obidos [Amazon River at Óbidos, Pará, Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW
Tetragonopterus belottii Steindachner, 1882a: 179. Type locality: 57390 (8), ?MCZ 90014 (2). Described in more detail in Stein-
Tabatinga [Solimões River at Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brazil]. dachner (1882b: 36, pl. 7, fig. 4).
Syntypes: NMW 57253 (13), NMW 57524 (9), NMW 57525 (9). Maximum length: 4 cm SL
Described in more detail in Steindachner (1882b: 34-35). Distribution: South America: Amazon and Tapajós River basins in
Maximum length: 2.63 cm SL Brazil; Apure and Aguaro River basins in Venezuela.
Distribution: South America: Solimões and Negro River basins Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
and Maroni River basin. Remarks and references: Taphorn (1992: 206-207) provided tax-
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana onomical/ecological remarks.
Remarks and references: See Géry (1963) and Planquette et al.
(1996: 274-275) for redescription and figures. Hemigrammus erythrozonus Durbin, 1909
Hemigrammus erythrozonus Durbin, 1909: 56. Type locality:
Hemigrammus bleheri Géry & Mahnert, 1986 Erukin [Essequibo River, Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53546 [ex
Hemigrammus bleheri Géry & Mahnert, 1986: 41, fig. unnumb. CM 1448].
Type locality: Middle Rio Negro, Brazil, probably near Rio Jufa- Maximum length: 3.3 cm TL
ris. Holotype: MZUSP 37369. Distribution: South America: Essequibo River, Guyana.
Maximum length: 3.6 cm SL Countries: Guyana
Distribution: South America: Negro and Meta River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia Hemigrammus gracilis (Lütken, 1875)
Remarks and references: Ornamental fish. Tetragonopterus gracilis Lütken, 1875a: 133. Type locality: Lacu
Lagoa Santa [São Francisco River basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil].
Hemigrammus boesemani Géry, 1959 Syntypes: MNHN 9583 (4), NMW 68066 (5), ZMB 9201 (1),
Hemigrammus micropterus boesemani Géry, 1959a: 251, fig. 2. ZMUC 522-529 (8), ZMUC 539 (1), ZMUC 650 (1), ZMUC 651
Type locality: Crique vers Sinnamary, Guyane fse [French Guia- (1), ZMUC 661 (1), ZMUC 662 (1).
na]. Holotype: MHNG 2181.80. Maximum length: 4.4 cm SL
Maximum length: 2.65 cm SL Distribution: South America: São Francisco and Amazon River
Distribution: South America: Maroni, Mana, Iracoubo, Sinnamary, basins, Brazil.
Kourou, Comté, and Kaw rivers, French Guiana; Suriname; up- Countries: Brazil
per Amazon in Peru. Remarks and references: Considered a Hyphessobrycon previous
Countries: French Guiana, Peru, Suriname to Géry (1977).
Remarks and references: See Planquette et al. (1996: 275) for
notes on taxonomy, ecology and distribution. Hemigrammus guyanensis Géry, 1959
Hemigrammus guyanensis Géry, 1959a: 254, fig. 3. Type locality:
Hemigrammus brevis Ellis, 1911 crique Sable (Hte Mana) [French Guiana]. Holotype: MHNG
Hemigrammus brevis Ellis, 1911: 161, pl. 3 (fig. 4). Type locality: 2181.23.
Barreiras. Lagôas do Rio Grande [São Francisco River basin, Maximum length: 3.5 cm SL
Bahia, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54444 [ex CM 3068]. Distribution: South America: Maroni, Mana, Approuague, and
Maximum length: 3.6 cm TL Oyapock Rivers, French Guiana.
Distribution: South America: Rio São Francisco basin, Brazil. Countries: French Guiana
Countries: Brazil Remarks and references: See Planquette et al. (1996: 276-277) for
notes om taxonomy, ecology and distribution.
Hemigrammus coeruleus Durbin, 1908
Hemigrammus coeruleus Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1908: 99. Type Hemigrammus haraldi Géry, 1961
locality: Manacapuru [Solimões River, Amazonas, Brazil]. Syn- Hemigrammus pulcher haraldi Géry, 1961a: 44, fig. 2. Type local-
types: MCZ 20801 (97); original says 103 specimens, the type ity: Upper Solimõoes, environs of Sao Paulo de Olivença (Bra-
46. zil), in an inland-lake midst the thick forest between Paraná-Para
Maximum length: 5.8 cm TL and the Paraná-Camatia. Holotype: USNM 196672.
Distribution: South America: Solimões River and lower Negro Maximum length: 2.73 cm SL
River basins in Brazil. Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin in west-
Countries: Brazil ern Brazil.
131
Countries: Brazil Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 209-210) for tax-
onomic remarks.
Hemigrammus hyanuary Durbin, 1918
Hemigrammus hyanuary Durbin in Eigenmann, 1918: 151, pl. 18 Hemigrammus matei Eigenmann, 1918
(fig. 4). Type locality: Lake Hyanuary [= Lago Januari, Amazo- Hemigrammus matei Eigenmann, 1918: 152, pl. 19 (fig. 1). Type
nas, Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20955 (4), CAS 42676 (2). locality: Argentina. Holotype: CAS 44436 [ex IU 11438].
Maximum length: 4.4 cm TL Maximum length: 4.3 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin. Distribution: South America: Argentina (exact locality unknown).
Countries: Brazil, Peru Countries: Argentina
Hemigrammus iota Durbin, 1909 Hemigrammus maxillaris (Fowler, 1932)

Hemigrammus iota Durbin, 1909: 60. Type locality: Gluck Island Hyphessobrycon maxillaris Fowler, 1932: 354, fig. p. 350. Type
[Essequibo River, Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53034 [ex CM locality: Descavaldos, Matto Grosso [Brazil]. Holotype: ANSP
1458]. 53660.
Maximum length: 2.1 cm TL Maximum length: 3.8 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Essequibo River basin. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Guyana Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: Transferred from Hyphessobrycon to
Hemigrammus levis Durbin, 1908 Hemigrammus by Weitzman (1985).
Hemigrammus levis Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1908: 100. Type local-
ity: Lago do Maximo, Obidos, Villa Bella, Lake Jose Assu Hemigrammus megaceps Fowler, 1945
[Amazon River basin, Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20738 (194), Hemigrammus megaceps Fowler, 1945c: 1, fig. 3. Type locality:
MCZ 20749 (28), MCZ 20829 (3), MCZ 89961 (64), MCZ Ninabamba near Ayacucho, at 1900 meters elevation, Rio Ucaya-
89962 (18), USNM 120266 (6), CAS 42677 (5), CAS 42678 (7). li basin, Peru. Holotype: ANSP 71624.
Lectotype designated as MCZ 20738 by Eigenmann (1918: 149) Maximum length: 2.8 cm TL
but lot with more than one specimen so lectotype designation is Distribution: South America: Upper Ucayali River basin.
not valid. Countries: Peru
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin. Hemigrammus melanochrous Fowler, 1913
Countries: Brazil Hemigrammus melanochrous Fowler, 1913: 543, fig. 12. Type
Remarks and references: See Araújo-Lima et al. (1986) to observa- locality: Tributary of Madeira River near Porto Velho, Brazil.
tions on diet and microhabitat preferences. Holotype: ANSP 39228.
Hemigrammus luelingi Géry, 1964 Distribution: South America: Middle Madeira River basin.
Hemigrammus luelingi Géry, 1964a: 7, fig. 5. Type locality: petit Countries: Brazil
ruisseau faisant communiquer le Zapote Cocha avec le Caño Ya-
rina, en bordure du Rio Pacaya, afluent du canal de Puinahua Hemigrammus micropterus Meek, 1907
(bras du bas Rio Ucayali). Holotype: ZFMK? Hemigrammus micropterus Meek, in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907:
Maximum length: 2.51 cm SL 15. Type locality: Los Castillos, Venezuela. Holotype: CAS
Distribution: South America: Pacaya River basin. 44438 [ex IU 10802].
Countries: Peru Maximum length: 4 cm SL
Hemigrammus lunatus Durbin, 1918 Countries: Venezuela
Hemigrammus lunatus Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1918: 164. Type Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 212-214) for tax-
locality: Amazon. Holotype: MCZ 20964 (1 of 3). onomical/ecological remarks.
Distribution: South America: Amazon, Paraguay, and Suriname Hemigrammus microstomus Durbin, 1918
River basins. Hemigrammus microstomus Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1918: 165.
Countries: Brazil, Peru, Suriname Type locality: Santarem [Amazon basin, Pará, Brazil]. Holotype:
Remarks and references: For taxonomic remarks, see Géry (1964: MCZ 20782 (1 of 9).
9-10). Maximum length: 4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Central Amazon and Orinoco River
Hemigrammus mahnerti Uj & Géry, 1989 basins.
Hemigrammus mahnerti Uj & Géry, 1989: 154, figs. 5-7. Type Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
locality: Paraguay, dépt. Misiones, marais près de Panchito Lo- Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 215-216) for tax-
pez à 4 km de Yabebyry. Holotype: MHNG 2412.82. onomical/ecological remarks.
Distribution: South America: Paraná and Paraguay River basins in Hemigrammus mimus Böhlke, 1955
Paraguay. Hemigrammus mimus Böhlke, 1955: 229, fig. 2. Type locality:
Countries: Paraguay rapids at Camanáos on the Rio Negro, Brazil... Camanáos is
down river from São Gabriel, at approximately 0°10’S South
Hemigrammus marginatus Ellis, 1911 Latitude, 66°25’ West Longitude. Holotype: SU 47759.
Hemigrammus marginatus Ellis, 1911: 159, pl. 3 (fig. 3). Type Maximum length: 2.83 cm SL
locality: Queimadas, Rio Itapicurú [Bahia, Brazil]. Holotype: Distribution: South America: Middle Negro and Amazon basins;
FMNH 54430 [ex CM 3053]. upper Orinoco River basin.
Maximum length: 4.5 cm SL Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela
Distribution: South America: São Francisco, Itapicuru, Paraná, and Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 218-219) for tax-
Paraguay River basins; Guaporé and Amazon River basins; Ori- onomical/ecological remarks.
noco River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela Hemigrammus neptunus Zarske & Géry, 2002
132
Hemigrammus neptunus Zarske & Géry, 2002a: 24, fig. 3. Type designated by Zarske & Géry (1995: 112).
locality: Bolivien, Dep. Pando, Río Manuripi, unweit des Zu- Maximum length: 5 cm TL
sammenflusses mit dem Río Tahumanu, mehrere Fundorte Zwis- Distribution: South America: Lower Amazon River basin in Pará
chen Alméndrillo (11°11’687”S, 67°34’269”W) und Bolima State, and Orinoco River basin.
(11°16’890” S, 67°36’246”). Holotype: MTD F 25536. Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Maximum length: 3.19 cm SL Remarks and references: See Géry & Uj (1986) and Taphorn
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin in Bolivia. (1992: 224-225) for taxonomic remarks.
Countries: Bolivia
Hemigrammus rodwayi Durbin, 1909
Hemigrammus newboldi (Fernández-Yépez, 1949) Hemigrammus rodwayi Durbin, 1909: 58. Type locality: George-
Ramirezella newboldi Fernández-Yépez, 1949: [2], fig. Type town trenches [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53026 [ex CM 1450].
locality: Palital, Edo. Guárico, Venezuela [Orinoco River basin]. Hemigrammus armstrongi Schultz & Axelrod, 1955: 5, fig. (p. 4).
Holotype: AFY 45019. Type locality: From near Georgetown,
Maximum length: 5 cm SL British Guyana. Holotype: USNM 163868.
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin. Maximum length: 5.3 cm TL
Countries: Venezuela Distribution: South America: Rivers of Guyana, Suriname, French
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 221-222) for tax- Guiana, and Amazon River basin.
onomical/ecological remarks. Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname
Remarks and references: See Géry (1964: 32) and Planquette et al.
Hemigrammus ocellifer (Steindachner, 1882) (1996: 280-281) for taxonomic, distributional, and ecological
Tetragonopterus ocellifer Steindachner, 1882a: 179. Type locality: remarks.
Villa bella, Cudajas [= Vila Bela, now Parintins, and Cudajas =
Codajás, Amazon basin, Brazil]. Syntypes: ?MCZ 20969 (5), Hemigrammus schmardae (Steindachner, 1882)
MSNM 4 (1), NMW 57689 (6). Species later illustrated and de- Tetragonopterus schmardae Steindachner, 1882a: 179. Type local-
scribed in more detail in Steindachner (1882b: 32, pl. 7, fig. 5). ity: Tabatinga [upper Amazon basin, Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW
?Hemigrammus ocellifer falsus Meinken, 1958: 232. Type locality: 57809 (3), NMW 57979 (22), NMW 81255 (2). Described in
Amazonas. Holotype: ZMH H1183. more detail in Steindachner (1882b: 37, pl. 7, fig. 6).
Maximum length: 4.4 cm TL Hemigrammus proneki Géry, 1963b: 14, fig. 2. Type locality: near
Distribution: South America: Rivers of Guyana, Suriname, French Tapurucuara, upper Rio Negro [Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype:
Guiana, and Amazon basin in Brazil and Peru. USNM 198648.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trini- Maximum length: 3.68 cm SL
dad and Tobago (introduced) Distribution: South America: Amazon, Negro and Orinoco River
Remarks and references: See Géry (1959, 1964) and Planquette et basins.
al. (1996: 278-279) for taxonomical, distributional and ecological Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
remarks. Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 506) for the synonym,
Taphorn (1992: 227-228) for notes on the taxonomy and ecology.
Hemigrammus orthus Durbin, 1909
Hemigrammus orthus Durbin, 1909: 61. Type locality: Tukeit Hemigrammus stictus (Durbin, 1909)
[upper Essequibo River, Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53052 [ex Hyphessobrycon stictus Durbin, 1909: 71. Type locality: Lama
CM 1477]. Stop-Off [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52798 [ex CM 1197].
Maximum length: 3.4 cm TL Maximum length: 4.3 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Essequibo River in Guyana; lower Distribution: South America: Amazon and Negro River basins,
Tapajós River. Orinoco River basin, and coastal rivers in Guyana.
Countries: Brazil, Guyana Countries: Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela
Remarks and references: Géry (1977: 494) and Planquette et al. Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 233-234) for an
(1996: 274) consider Hemigrammus orthus as being possibly a account on the taxonomy.
synonym of Hemigrammus bellotii.
Hemigrammus tridens Eigenmann, 1907
Hemigrammus pretoensis Géry, 1965 Hemigrammus tridens Eigenmann, in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907:
Hemigrammus pretoensis Géry, 1965c: 19, pl. 2 (fig. 7). Type 15. Type locality: Arroyo Pypucu, Paraguay basin [Paraguay].
locality: Igarapé Préto, collatéral de l’Amazone supérieure près Holotype: CAS 58609 [ex IU 11262].
de Belem, à environ 60 km en aval de Leticia [Brazil]. Holotype: Maximum length: 2 cm TL
SMF 7237. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Maximum length: 4.54 cm SL Countries: Paraguay
Distribution: South America: Upper Solimões River basin.
Countries: Brazil Hemigrammus ulreyi (Boulenger, 1895)
Tetragonopterus ulreyi Boulenger, 1895: 529. Type locality: Des-
Hemigrammus pulcher Ladiges, 1938 calvados, Matto Grosso [Paraguay basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil].
Hemigrammus pulcher Ladiges, 1938: 49. Type locality: dem Syntypes: BMNH 1895.5.17.194-199 (6).
Stromgebiet zwischen Tabatinga und Iquitos. Lectotype: ZMH Maximum length: 4.4 cm TL
H61 [ex 17757, in part], designated by Ladiges et al. (1958: 157). Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Peru Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill, 1858)
Remarks and references: See Géry (1961) for remarks on the Poecilurichthys unilineatus Gill, 1858: 420. Type locality: West-
taxonomy. ern Portion of the Island of Trinidad, W. I. [Trinidad and Toba-
go]. No types known.
Hemigrammus rhodostomus Ahl, 1924 Hemigrammus unilineatus cayennensis Géry, 1959a: 248, fig. 1.
Hemigrammus rhodostomus Ahl, 1924: 405, fig. Type locality: Type locality: crique d’eau douce de l’ile de Cayenne [French
Pará [Brazil]. Lectotype: ZMB 22626 [apparently not 22616], Guiana]. Holotype: MHNG 2179.61.
133
Maximum length: 5.3 cm TL Distribution: South America: Madeira River basin.
Distribution: Central to South America: River basins of Trinidad, Countries: Brazil
coastal river basins of Venezuela, rivers of Guyana, Suriname, Remarks and references: See Géry (1965: 23-24; 1972: 8) for
French Guiana; Guaporé and Amazon River basins. remarks on the taxonomy of the species.
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trini-
dad and Tobago, Venezuela Hyphessobrycon albolineatum Fernández-Yépez,
Remarks and references: See Géry (1959, 1966), Planquette et al. 1950
(1996: 282-283), and Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 237) for tax- Hyphessobrycon albolineatum Fernández-Yépez, 1950: 17, pl. 3
onomic remarks. (fig. 3). Type locality: Rio Autana, Venezuela. Holotype: AFY
48169.
Hemigrammus vorderwinkleri Géry, 1963 Maximum length: 2.58 cm SL
Hemigrammus vorderwinkleri Géry, 1963b: 11, fig. 1. Type locali- Distribution: South America: Autana River in the Orinoco River
ty: near Tapurucuara, upper Rio Negro [Amazonas, Brazil]. Ho- basin.
lotype: USNM 198643. Countries: Venezuela
Distribution: South America: Middle Negro River basin. Hyphessobrycon amandae Géry & Uj, 1987
Countries: Brazil Hyphessobrycon amandae Géry & Uj, 1987b: 59, figs. Type local-
ity: Rio das Mortes, Brazil, some 100 km before its confluence
HOLLANDICHTHYS with the Braço Maior of the Rio Araguaia (the western border of
the Ilha do Bananal), State of Mato Grosso. Holotype: MZUSP
Hollandichthys Eigenmann, 1909b: 257. Type species: Tetrago-
37367 [ex Géry no. G.799.1].
nopterus multifasciatus Eigenmann & Norris, 1900. Type by
monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Distribution: South America: Araguaia River basin.
Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Eigenmann & Norris, Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 239) for
1900)
taxonomical remarks.
Tetragonopterus multifasciatus Eigenmann & Norris, 1900: 358.
Type locality: Cubatão [São Paulo, Brazil]. Syntypes: CAS Hyphessobrycon amapaensis Zarske & Géry, 1998
61483 [ex IU 9288]. Hyphessobrycon amapaensis Zarske & Géry, 1998: 20, fig. 1.
Pseudochalceus perstriatus Miranda Ribeiro, 1908: [4], fig. 5. Type locality: Brasilien, Amapa, etwa 45 km nördlich Macapa.
Type locality: Corregos de Iporanga [São Paulo, Brazil]. Kleiner Savannenbach an der B 156 von Sitio Camaipi nach San-
Pseudochalceus affinis Steindachner, 1908: 29. Type locality: Rio ta Clara, etwa 11 km von Sitio Camaipi (Rio-Preto-Gebiet). Ho-
Jaraguá bei Joinville, Staate S. Catharina (Brasilien). Syntypes: lotype: MZUSP 52730.
NMW 56736-37 (6-3). Maximum length: 2.99 cm SL
Maximum length: 9.64 cm SL Distribution: South America: Amapa State (known only from the
Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers from Rio de Janeiro to type locality).
Rio Grande do Sul. Countries: Brazil
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Eigenmann (1921) for a detailed Hyphessobrycon anisitsi (Eigenmann, 1907)
description; Sabino & Castro (1990) for ecological observations Hemigrammus anisitsi Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907:
and biological information. Probably a species complex includ- 16. Type locality: Villa Rica [Paraguay]. Holotype: CAS 11984
ing several species. [ex IU 10182] (1 of 3).
Common names: Lambari-listrado (Brazil) Hemigrammus caudovittatus Ahl, 1923: 261, fig. Type locality:
Buenos Aires [Argentina]. Syntypes not found in ZMB (Zarske
HYPHESSOBRYCON & Géry, 1995: 110).
Hyphessobrycon Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1908: 100. Type species: Hyphessobrycon erythrurus Ahl, 1928: 319. Type locality: Proba-
Hemigrammus compressus Meek, 1908. Type by original desig- bly Brazil. Syntypes: (5) ZMB 20828 (1).
nation. Gender: masculine. More recent appraisal is Géry (1977: Maximum length: 5.7 cm TL
458-486). See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a) for synonymization Distribution: South America: Paraná and Uruguay River basins.
of Megalamphodus and Pseudopristella. Probably not monophy- Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
letic (Weitzman & Fink, 1983; Weitzman & Palmer, 1997a). Hyphessobrycon arianae Uj & Géry, 1989
Dermatocheir Durbin, 1909: 55. Type species: Dermatocheir Hyphessobrycon arianae Uj & Géry, 1989: 148, figs. 2-4. Type
catablepta Durbin, 1909. Type by original designation. Gender: locality: Paraguay, dépt. Caaguazu, Rio Güyraugua, affl. du Rio
feminine. Monday à 3 km E de Juan Frutos. Holotype: MHNG 2412.79.
Megalamphodus Eigenmann, 1915: 49. Type species: Megalam- Maximum length: 2.4 cm SL
phodus megalopterus Eigenmann, 1915. Type by original desig- Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin.
nation. Gender: masculine. Countries: Paraguay
Ectrepopterus Fowler, 1943c: 313. Type species: Megalamphodus Remarks and references: This species is possibly a synonym of
uruguayensis Fowler, 1943c. Type by original designation. Cheirodon stenodon Eigenmann, 1915 (Malabarba, 1998).
Gender: masculine.
Pseudopristella Géry, 1960b: 18. Type species: Pseudopristella Hyphessobrycon axelrodi (Travassos, 1959)
simulata Géry, 1960b. Type by original designation. Gender: Aphyocharax axelrodi Travassos, 1959: 5, figs. unnumb. p. 6.
feminine. Type locality: Trinidad, T.W.I. near Piarco. Holotype: MNRJ
9120.
Hyphessobrycon agulha Fowler, 1913 Maximum length: 2.2 cm SL
Hyphessobrycon agulha Fowler, 1913: 549, fig. 15. Type locality: Distribution: South America: Island of Trinidad.
Madeira River, about 200 miles east of W. Long. 62°20’, Brazil Countries: Trinidad and Tobago
Holotype: ANSP 39232. Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 234;
134
1998: 130-131) for remarks. Brazil. Holotype: CAS 60476 [ex IU 17665].
Hyphessobrycon balbus Myers, 1927 Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin.
Hyphessobrycon balbus Myers, 1927: 115. Type locality: Planalti- Countries: Brazil
na, Lagoa Fervedeira, Goyaz [Distrito Federal, Alto Paraná River
basin, Brazil]. Holotype: CAS 51789 [ex IU 17678a]. Hyphessobrycon columbianus Zarske & Géry, 2001
Maximum length: 6 cm TL Hyphessobrycon columbianus Zarske & Géry, 2001: 23, fig. 1.
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin. Type locality: Kolumbien, Darien, kleiner Bach etwa 6 km flus-
Countries: Brazil saufwärts von Acandi, Einzugsgebiet des Rio Acandi, Atlan-
tikküste. Holotype MTD F 25 497.
Hyphessobrycon bentosi Durbin, 1908 Max length: 4.6 cm SL (7 cm TL)
Hyphessobrycon bentosi Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1908: 101. Type Distribution: South America: Acandi River basin.
locality: Obidos [Amazon River basin, Pará, Brazil]. Syntypes: Countries: Colombia
CAS 42682 (3), MCZ 20842 (15), USNM 120270 (3).
Hyphessobrycon robertsi Anonymous [H. R. Axelrod], 1958: 76. Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek, 1904)
Not available as above, no distinguishing features provided; as Hemigrammus compressus Meek, 1904: 87, fig. 25. Type locality:
pointed out by Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 226) and Weitzman El Hule, Oaxaca. Basin of the Rio Papaloapam [Mexico]. Holo-
& Palmer (1997b: 153), “Numerous subsequent references to H. type: FMNH 4641.
robertsi in the aquarium literature appear to refer to H. bentosi Maximum length: 4.4 cm TL
and may have made the name H. robertsi available.” Distribution: North and Central America: Papaloapam River basin.
Maximum length: 4.32 cm SL Countries: Belize, Mexico
Countries: Brazil, Peru Hyphessobrycon condotensis Regan, 1913
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 226- Hyphessobrycon condotensis Regan, 1913: 465. Type locality: Rio
227; 1997d) for taxonomic comments. Condoto..and the Rio San Juan. Syntypes: BMNH 1913.10.1.19-
21 (3).
Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus Ellis, 1911 Maximum length: 4 cm TL
Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus Ellis, 1911: 156, pls. 2 (fig. 4), 3 (fig. Distribution: South America: Condoto and San Juan River basins.
1). Type locality: Campos [Paraíba do Sul River, Rio de Janeiro, Countries: Colombia
Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54404 [ex CM 3026].
Maximum length: 4.7 cm TL Hyphessobrycon copelandi Durbin, 1908
Distribution: South America: Coastal river drainages from Espírito Hyphessobrycon copelandi Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1908: 101.
Santo to Rio Grande do Sul States and upper Paraná River basin. Type locality: Tabatinga [Amazon River basin, Amazonas, Bra-
Countries: Brazil zil]. Syntypes: CAS 42683 (5), MCZ 20771 (88), USNM 120271
(6).
Hyphessobrycon boulengeri (Eigenmann, 1907) Maximum length: 3.46 cm SL
Hemigrammus boulengeri Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle, Distribution: South America: Upper Solimões, Mana and Approu-
1907: 15. Type locality: Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil [restricted to ague River basins.
Laguna dos Patos system by Malabarba, 1989)]. Holotype: CAS Countries: Brazil, French Guiana
44379 [ex IU 11073]. Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 226)
Maximum length: 4.5 cm TL and Planquette et al. (1996: 288-289) for comments.
Distribution: South America: Coastal river drainages of Rio
Grande do Sul State. Hyphessobrycon diancistrus Weitzman, 1977
Countries: Brazil Hyphessobrycon diancistrus Weitzman, 1977b: 349, figs. 1-5.
Remarks and references: See Malabarba (1989: 134-135) for Type locality: Colombia, State of Vichada, Río Vichada, about
comments. 50 km west of San José de Ocumé (70°20’W, 4°14’S), Orinoco
river basin. Holotype: USNM 216607.
Hyphessobrycon cachimbensis Travassos, 1964 Maximum length: 3 cm SL
Hyphessobrycon cachimbensis Travassos, 1964: 542, fig. 5. Type Distribution: South America: Orinoco and Negro River basins.
locality: Rio Cachimbo - Cachimbo - Aeroporto da FAB. Abaixo Countries: Brazil, Colombia
do Salto - Estado do Pará. Lat. 9°22’S e Long. 54°55’W [Brazil].
Holotype: MNRJ 9196. Hyphessobrycon duragenys Ellis, 1911
Maximum length: 4.2 cm SL Hyphessobrycon duragenys Ellis, 1911: 155, pl. 2 (fig. 3). Type
Distribution: South America: Cachimbo River, Tapajós River locality: Mogy das Cruzes, Rio Tieté [upper Paraná River basin,
basin. São Paulo, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH [ex CM 3023] (missing).
Countries: Brazil Maximum length: 6.8 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Upper Tietê and Paraíba do Sul
Hyphessobrycon catableptus (Durbin, 1909) River basins.
Dermatocheir catablepta Durbin, 1909: 55. Type locality: Tuma- Countries: Brazil
tumari, above the falls [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53553 [ex
CM 1198]. Hyphessobrycon ecuadorensis (Eigenmann, 1915)
Maximum length: 1.8 cm TL Megalamphodus ecuadorensis Eigenmann, 1915: 99. Type locali-
Distribution: South America: Essequibo River basin. ty: “Naranjito, Río Chan Chan, Ecuador”. Holotype: CAS [ex IU
Countries: Guyana 13628] (apparently lost).
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Vari (1987: 650-651; Maximum length: 2.05 cm SL
1988: 650-651) for comments on the species. Distribution: South America: Guayas River basin.
Countries: Ecuador
Hyphessobrycon coelestinus Myers, 1929 Remarks and references: Weitzman & Palmer (1998: 129-130)
Hyphessobrycon coelestinus Myers in Eigenmann & Myers, 1929: noted that Megalamphodus ecuadorensis Eigenmann is a second-
535. Type locality: Lagoa Bonita, into São Bartholomeu, Goyaz, ary homonym of Hyphessobrycon ecuadoriensis Eigenmann &
135
Henn. They decided to not propose a new name in view of the Hemigrammus erythrostigma Fowler, 1943b: 33, fig. Type locali-
uncertainties involving the taxonomic status of the species. We ty: without locality, supposed to have been secured in Brazil.
agree that an analysis of the species of the “rosy tetra” complex Holotype: ANSP 70208.
occurring in trans-Andean rivers of South America and Central Hyphessobrycon rubrostigma Hoedeman, 1956: 312, fig. Type
America is needed before any nomenclatural action could be locality: Colombia. Holotype: ZMA 101935a.
made. Maximum length: 6.06 cm SL
Hyphessobrycon ecuadoriensis Eigenmann & Henn, Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Peru
1914 Remarks and references: See Weitzman (1977) for redescription,
Hyphessobrycon ecuadoriensis Eigenmann & Henn, in Eigen- and Weitzman & Palmer (1997c) for general comments.
mann, Henn & Wilson, 1914: 9. Type locality: Vinces, Ecuador
[Los Ríos, forest pool near Vinces, w. Ecuador (ca. 1°33’S, Hyphessobrycon fernandezi Fernández-Yépez, 1950
79°44’W)]. Holotype: CAS 61602 [ex IU 13105a]. Hyphessobrycon fernandezi Fernández-Yépez, 1972: 20, pl. 20.
Maximum length: 3.1 cm TL Type locality: Río Yaracuy [Venezuela]. Holotype: no repository
Distribution: South America: Only known from the type locality. stated.
Countries: Ecuador Maximum length: 3.66 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Yaracuy River basin.
Hyphessobrycon elachys Weitzman, 1984 Countries: Venezuela
Hyphessobrycon elachys Weitzman, 1984: 800, figs. 1-5. Type
locality: Paraguay, Departamento San Pedro, swamp 3 km Hyphessobrycon flammeus Myers, 1924
northwest of Lima, Río Aguaray-guazu system, 23°55’S, Hyphessobrycon flammeus Myers, 1924: 330, fig. Type locality:
56°29’W. Holotype: USNM 232393. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Syntypes: USNM 92629 (2).
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin. Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers of Rio de Janeiro
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay State.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon eos Durbin, 1909 Remarks and references: See Weitzman et al. (1988) for comments
Hyphessobrycon eos Durbin, 1909: 69. Type locality: Creek be- on the distribution.
tween Potaro Landing and Kangaruma [Guyana]. Holotype:
FMNH 52795 [ex CM 1194]. Hyphessobrycon frankei Zarske & Géry, 1997
Maximum length: 4.2 cm TL Hyphessobrycon frankei Zarske & Géry, 1997: 309, fig. 3. Type
Distribution: South America: Guyana (?). locality: Bach an der Carretera Central, zehn Kilometer westlich
Countries: Guyana Aguaytia [Ucayali River basin, Depto. Loreto, Peru]. Holotype:
MTDF 17706.
Hyphessobrycon epicharis Weitzman & Palmer, 1997 Maximum length: 3.35 cm SL
Hyphessobrycon epicharis Weitzman & Palmer, 1997a: 214, figs. Distribution: South America: Ucayali River basin.
1-4. Type locality: Venezuela, State of Amazonas, head waters of Countries: Peru
Río Baria (= Río Mawarinuma…), tributary mouth, 3 km down-
stream from Neblina base camp on left bank, 0°55’N, 66°10’W. Hyphessobrycon georgettae Géry, 1961
Holotype: MBUCV-V 20800. Hyphessobrycon georgetti Géry, 1961d: 121, figs. 1-3. Type local-
Maximum length: 3.3 cm SL ity: swampcreek in Paru savannah [Suriname]. Holotype: ZMA
Distribution: South America: Upper Orinoco and upper Negro 103269. Originally as georgetti but named after a woman so
River basins. emended to georgettae.
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela Maximum length: 3.2 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Suriname (?).
Hyphessobrycon eques (Steindachner, 1882) Countries: Suriname
Chirodon eques Steindachner, 1882a: 179. Type locality: Villa
Bella, Obidos [Villa Bella = Parintins, Amazon River basin, Bra- Hyphessobrycon gracilior Géry, 1964
zil]. Syntypes: NMW 62693: 1-4 Hyphessobrycon gracilior Géry, 1964a: 12, figs. 10-11. Type
Tetragonopterus callistus Boulenger, 1900: 2. Type locality: Ca- locality: petit ruisseau faisant communiquer le Zapote Cocha
randosiñho [= Carandazinho, near Corumbá, Paraguay River sys- avec le Caño Yarina, en bordure du Rio Pacaya, affluent du Can-
tem, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil]. Syntypes: BMNH al de Puinahua (bras du Rio Ucayali) [Peru]. Holotype: not re-
1900.4.4.63-68. searched.
Hemigrammus melasopterus Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903: 518. Maximum length: 2.15 cm SL
Type locality: Type locality: Aguada, near Arroyo Trementina Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
[Paraguay]. Holotype: CAS 44381 [ex IU 10039]. Countries: Peru
Hyphessobrycon serpae Durbin in Eigenmann, 1908: 100. Type
locality: Serpa [Serpa = Itacoatiara, Amazon River basin, Ama-
Hyphessobrycon griemi Hoedeman, 1957
zonas, Brazil]. Syntypes: CAS 42684 (5), MCZ 20985 (34), Hyphessobrycon griemi Hoedeman, 1957: 87, figs. 1-3. Type
USNM 120269 (6). locality: Gojas, Brasilien. Holotype: ZMA 101936a.
Maximum length: 3.13 cm SL Hyphessobrycon flammeus guabirubae Godoy, 1987: 220, unnum-
Distribution: South America: Amazon and Guaporé River basin; bered fig. on p. 220. Type locality: lagoa entre Brusque e Guabi-
Paraguay River basin. ruba, SC [Brazil].
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana (introduced), Paraguay Maximum length: 2.57 cm SL
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a, b) for Distribution: South America: Eastern coastal rivers from São
notes on the taxonomy and synonyms. Paulo to northern Santa Catarina States.
Common names: Mato grosso (Brazil) Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Weitzman et al. (1988) for comments
Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma (Fowler, 1943) on the distribution.
136
Hyphessobrycon guarani Mahnert & Géry, 1987 Hyphessobrycon hildae Fernández-Yépez, 1950: 18, pl. 3 (fig. 4).
Hyphessobrycon guarani Mahnert & Géry, 1987: 307, figs. 1-2. Type locality: Rio Autana, Venezuela. Holotype: MHNLS 989
Type locality: Paraguay, dept. Alto Parana, Rio Alto Parana à [ex AFY 48170].
Puerto Bertoni (25°38 S, 54°40’W), dans um brás mort du Maximum length: 1.88 cm SL
fleuve. Holotype: MHNG 2366.99. Distribution: South America: Autana River basin.
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin.
Countries: Paraguay
Hyphessobrycon igneus Miquelarena, Menni, Lopez
& Casciotta, 1980
Hyphessobrycon haraldschultzi Travassos, 1960 Hyphessobrycon igneus Miquelarena, Menni, Lopez & Casciotta,
Hyphessobrycon haraldschultzi Travassos, 1960a: 5, fig. 1. Type 1980: 237, fig. 1a. Type locality: Laguna frente a Escuela N°12,
locality: Ilha do Bananal, Goyaz-Brazil [Araguaia River basin, camino Bella Vista-San Roque, Corrientes [Argentina]. Holo-
Tocantins State]. Holotype: MNRJ 9207. type: ILPLA 23-IX-80-7.
Distribution: South America: Araguaia River basin. Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin.
Countries: Brazil Countries: Argentina
Hyphessobrycon hasemani Fowler, 1913 Hyphessobrycon iheringi Fowler, 1941

Hyphessobrycon hasemani Fowler, 1913: 545, fig. 13. Type locali- Hyphessobrycon iheringi Fowler, 1941: 186, fig. 96. Type locality:
ty: Madeira River above Falls of Guajaramirim, approximately in Forteleza, Ceará [= Fortaleza, Brazil]. Holotype: ANSP 69579.
Lat. S. 10°47’S, Long. W. 65°23’W, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP Maximum length: 4.2 cm SL
39230. Distribution: South America: Fortaleza, Ceará State (only known
Maximum length: 2.8 cm SL from type locality).
Distribution: South America: Madeira River (only known from Countries: Brazil
type locality).
Countries: Brazil Hyphessobrycon inconstans (Eigenmann & Ogle,
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 238) for 1907)
remarks on the taxonomy. Hemigrammus inconstans Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907: 17, fig. 4.
Type locality: Para (?), Brazil. Holotype: USNM 34591 [not
Hyphessobrycon heliacus Moreira, Landim & Costa, 55652].
2002 Maximum length: 4.5 cm TL
Hyphessobrycon heliacus Moreira, Landim & Costa, 2002: 428, Distribution: South America: Pará (exact locality unknown).
fig. 1. Type locality: ribeirão Macuco (= córrego-Duas Bocas), Countries: Brazil
tributary of the rio Teles Pires, rio Tapajós basin, 71.9 km north
from Sinop, município de Cláudia, at the BR-163 road in direc- Hyphessobrycon itaparicensis Lima & Costa, 2001
tion to Santarém, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, 55°19’W, Hyphessobrycon itaparicensis Lima & Costa, 2001: 234, fig. 1.
11°15’S. Holotype: MZUSP 52891. Type locality: Brazil: Estado da Bahia, small stream in Ilha de
Maximum length: 2.78 cm SL Itaparica. Holotype: MZUSP 57539.
Distribution: South America: Teles Pires River in the upper Ta- Maximum length: 3.84 cm SL
pajós basin. Distribution: South America: Coastal streams in eastern Brazil.
Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi Géry, 1961 Hyphessobrycon loretoensis Ladiges, 1938

Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi Géry, 1961c: 29, fig. 4. Type Hyphessobrycon loretoensis Ladiges, 1938: 51. Type locality:
locality: Coxim on the Rio Taquary (Rio Paraguay Basin), State Loretogebiet am peruanischen Teil des Amazonas. Lectotype:
of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: USNM 196089. ZMH H59 [ex 17759 in part], designated by Ladiges et al. (1958:
Maximum length: 3.23 cm SL 157).
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin. Maximum length: 2.4 cm SL
Countries: Brazil Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River.
Common names: Neon-negro (Brazil) Countries: Peru
Hyphessobrycon heteresthes (Ulrey, 1894) Hyphessobrycon loweae Costa & Géry, 1994
Aphyocarax heteresthes Ulrey, 1894: 612. Type locality: Brazil. Hyphessobrycon loweae Costa & Géry, 1994: 71, figs. 1-2. Type
Syntypes: CAS 76377 (4), SU 2161 (1). Species was also de- locality: Brazil: Estado de Mato Grosso, córrego Xavante, a tri-
scribed as new in Ulrey (1895: 293). butary of rio Culuene, rio Xingú basin, 40 km S of Paranatinga,
Maximum length: 1.7 cm TL 15°01’S, 54°03’W. Holotype: MNRJ 12437.
Distribution: South America: Only known from type locality. Maximum length: 3.16 cm SL
Countries: Brazil Distribution: South America: Upper Xingu River basin.
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1998: 125-126) Countries: Brazil
for comments. Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 236) for
taxonomical remarks.
Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus (Ulrey, 1894)
Tetragonopterus heterorhabdus Ulrey, 1894: 610. Type locality: Hyphessobrycon luetkenii (Boulenger, 1887)
Brazil. Syntypes: CAS 44415 (9), CAS 44416 (6), SU 2174 (1). Tetragonopterus luetkenii Boulenger, 1887b: 173. Type locality:
Maximum length: 3.3 cm TL San Lorenzo, Rio Grande do Sul [Brazil]. Syntypes: BMNH
Distribution: South America: Lower Amazon River basin. 1885.2.3.78-80 (3), BMNH 1886.3.15.35-38 (4).
Distribution: South America: Coastal river drainages and Uruguay
Hyphessobrycon hildae Fernández-Yépez, 1950 River basin in Rio Grande do Sul State; Paraíba do Sul River in
137
Rio de Janeiro State; Paraguay River basin. Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 242-243) for com-
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay ments on taxonomy and ecology.
Hyphessobrycon maculicauda Ahl, 1936 Hyphessobrycon micropterus (Eigenmann, 1915)

Hyphessobrycon maculicauda Ahl, 1936: 22. Type locality: Mit- Megalamphodus micropterus Eigenmann, 1915: 54, fig. 16; pl. 8
telbrasilien. Holotype: ZMB (not found). (fig. 1). Type locality: Lagoa do Porto [São Francisco River ba-
Maximum length: 4.3 cm TL sin, Bahia, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 57916 [ex CM 6900a].
Distribution: South America: Central Brazil (exact locality un- Maximum length: 2.7 cm SL
known). Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin.
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 232-
Hyphessobrycon megalopterus (Eigenmann, 1915) 233; 1998: 129) for remarks on the taxonomy.
Megalamphodus megalopterus Eigenmann, 1915: 50, fig. 14; pl. 7.
Type locality: Caceres [=Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil]. Holo- Hyphessobrycon milleri Durbin, 1908
type: FMNH 57823 [ex CM 6806]. Hyphessobrycon compressus milleri Durbin in Eigenmann, 1908:
Megalamphodus rogoaguae Pearson, 1924: 33, pl. 10 (fig. 3). 100. Type locality: Los Amates, Guatemala [Zacapa, Río Mota-
Type locality: Lagoons, Lake Rogoagua [ca. 13°58’S, 66°53’W, gua drainage, 15°16’N, 89°6’W]. Holotype: whereabouts un-
Beni, Bolivia]. Holotype: CAS 98917 [ex IU 17348]. known.
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraguay and Guaporé River Distribution: Central America: Motagua River basin.
basins. Countries: Guatemala
Countries: Bolivia, Brazil
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 231- Hyphessobrycon minimus Durbin, 1909
232; 1998: 126-129) for notes on the taxonomy. Hyphessobrycon minimus Durbin, 1909: 68. Type locality: Cane
Grove Corner [mouth of the Mahaica River, Guyana]. Holotype:
Hyphessobrycon melanopleurus Ellis, 1911 FMNH 52794 [ex CM 1193].
Hyphessobrycon melanopleurus Ellis, 1911: 157, pl. 3 (fig. 2). Maximum length: 2.1 cm TL
Type locality: Alto da Serra, São Paulo [Brazil]. Holotype: Distribution: South America: Mahaica River basin.
FMNH 54413 [ex CM 3035]. Countries: Guyana
Distribution: South America: Upper Tietê River. Hyphessobrycon minor Durbin, 1909
Countries: Brazil Hyphessobrycon minor Durbin, 1909: 65. Type locality: Konawa-
ruk [Konawaruk River, tributary of the Essequibo River, approx.
Hyphessobrycon melasemion Fowler, 1945 6°42’N, 58°54’W, Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52789 [ex CM
Hyphessobrycon melasemeion Fowler, 1945a: 57, fig. Type locali- 1189] (missing).
ty: Locality unknown (supposed to be the lower Amazon?). Ho- Maximum length: 3.12 cm SL
lotype: ANSP 71584. Distribution: South America: Essequibo River basin.
Maximum length: 3.88 cm SL Countries: Guyana
Distribution: South America: Unknown. Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 229) for
Countries: Brazil (?) notes on taxonomy.
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 234) for
taxonomical remarks. Hyphessobrycon moniliger Moreira, Lima & Costa,
2002
Hyphessobrycon melazonatus Durbin, 1908 Hyphessobrycon moniliger Moreira, Lima & Costa, 2002: 74, fig.
Hyphessobrycon melazonatus Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1908: 101. 1. Type locality: Brazil: Tocantins: município de Araguaçú, farm
Type locality: Lago do Maximo [near Parintins, Amazonas, Bra- Praia Alta 2, Araguaçú to Barreira do Piqui road, 27 km N from
zil]. Lectotype: MCZ 20737. Araguaçú, pool behind farm’s house, rio Água Fria basin,
Maximum length: 3.8 cm TL 12°42’S 49°55’W. Holotype: MZUSP 67466.
Countries: Brazil Distribution: South America: Araguaia-Tocantins River and upper
Tapajós River basins.
Hyphessobrycon meridionalis Ringuelet, Miquelarena Countries: Brazil
& Menni, 1978
Hyphessobrycon meridionalis Ringuelet, Miquelarena & Menni, Hyphessobrycon mutabilis Costa & Géry, 1994
1978: 248, figs. 2-3. Type locality: Cantera sobre ruta provincial Hyphessobrycon mutabilis Costa & Géry, 1994: 74, figs. 6-7. Type
N°15, 70 m al sur del canal Delgado, a 30 m del camino en di- locality: Brazil: Estado de Mato Grosso, tributary of rio Sete de
rección al Río de la Plata (Los Talas, Pcia. de Buenos Aires) Setembro, rio Xingu basin, 107 km SW of Canarana, 13°51’S,
[Argentina]. Holotype: ILPLA 30.3.77.1. 52°40’W. Holotype: MNRJ 12438.
Distribution: South America: Lower Paraná River and coastal river Distribution: South America: Upper Xingu River basin.
basins of Rio Grande do Sul State. Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon negodagua Lima & Gerhard, 2001
Hyphessobrycon metae Eigenmann & Henn, 1914 Hyphessobrycon negodagua Lima & Gerhard, 2001: 106, fig. 1.
Hyphessobrycon metae Eigenmann & Henn, 1914: 233. Type Type locality: Brazil: Bahia; município de Iraquara, rio Pratinha
locality: Barrigona, Río Meta [Colombia]. Holotype: CAS 61751 at fazenda Pratinha, 12°21’13’’S 41°32’51’’W. Holotype:
[ex IU 13421]. MZUSP 53989.
Maximum length: 4 cm SL Maximum length: 2.82 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin. Distribution: South America: Upper Paraguaçú River basin.
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela Countries: Brazil
138
Hyphessobrycon panamensis Durbin, 1908 Distribution: South America: Atrato, Sinú, and lower portions of
Hyphessobrycon panamensis Durbin in Eigenmann, 1908: 101. Magdalena River basins.
Type locality: Panama Boqueron River, Panama. Syntypes: MCZ Countries: Colombia
20688 (5), USNM 120416 (1). Remarks and references: Generally considered a synonym of
Hemigrammus minutus Meek & Hildebrand, 1912: 67. Type local- Hyphessobrycon inconstans (Eigenmann & Ogle), see Eigen-
ity: Rio Agua Clara, C.Z., Panama. Holotype: FMNH 7572 mann (1918: 199), but probably a valid species.
(missing). Common names: Galocha (Colombia), Sardinita (Colombia)
Hyphessobrycon panamensis daguae Eigenmann, 1922: 141. Type
locality: Dagua and Patia Basins [Colombia]. Syntypes: FMNH
Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis Ahl, 1937
?56516 (1), FMNH 56526-56529 (1,2,2,2), FMNH 58316 (2). Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis Ahl, 1937a: 235. Type locality:
Maximum length: 4.41 cm SL vermutlich Amazonas [Brasil]. Holotype: ZMB 20849 (male).
Distribution: South and Central America: Atlantic slope of south- Maximum length: 3.6 cm TL
ern Costa Rica; atlantic coastal streams of Panama; San Juan, Distribution: South America: Tapajós River basin.
Atrato, Dagua, and Patia Rivers, and around the mouth of the Countries: Brazil
Magdalena River; Esmeraldas River. Remarks and references: See Géry (1980a) for a redescription, and
Countries: Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama Burt et al. (1988) for comments on the reproduction.
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 227- Hyphessobrycon pyrrhonotus Burgess, 1993
229) for notes on taxonomy, and Kramer (1978) for observations Hyphessobrycon pyrrhonotus Burgess, 1993: 157, figs. Type
on reproduction. locality: Rio Erere, a tributary to the Rio Negro, Brazil. Holo-
Hyphessobrycon parvellus Ellis, 1911 type: MZUSP 45714.
Hyphessobrycon parvellus Ellis, 1911: 153, pl. 2 (fig. 1). Type Maximum length: 4.54 cm SL
locality: Alagoinhas, Rio Catú [Bahia, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH Distribution: South America: Negro River basin.
54392 [ex CM 3011]. Countries: Brazil
Maximum length: 2.16 cm SL Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997c) for
Distribution: South America: Catu and Itapicuru Rivers in nor- general comments.
theastern Bahia. Hyphessobrycon pytai Géry & Mahnert, 1993
Countries: Brazil Hyphessobrycon pytai Géry & Mahnert, 1993: 33, fig. 1. Type
Remarks and references: See Lima & Gerhard (2001: 110-111) for locality: Paraguay, Caaguazu: petit affluent du Rio Güyraugua
comments on the taxonomy. sur la route Asuncion-Cde del Este, près de Juan Frutos, bassin
Hyphessobrycon peruvianus Ladiges, 1938 du Rio Monday (Parana). Holotype: MHNG 2543.86.
Hyphessobrycon peruvianus Ladiges, 1938: 50. Type locality: der Maximum length: 3.8 cm SL
peruanische Teil des Amazonenstromes zwischen Tabatinga und Distribution: South America: Güyraugua River basin (only known
Iquitos angegeben. Lectotype: ZMH H60 [ex 17758 in part]. from type locality).
Maximum length: 2.81 cm SL Countries: Paraguay
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin. Hyphessobrycon reticulatus Ellis, 1911
Countries: Peru Hyphessobrycon reticulatus Ellis, 1911: 153, pl. 2 (fig. 2). Type
Hyphessobrycon piabinhas Fowler, 1941 locality: Campos [Paraíba do Sul River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil].
Hyphessobrycon piabinhas Fowler, 1941: 187, fig. 97. Type lo- Holotype: FMNH 54397 [ex CM 3018].
cality: Forteleza, Ceará [=Fortaleza, Brazil]. Holotype: ANSP Maximum length: 4.9 cm SL
69580. Distribution: South America: Coastal river drainages from Rio de
Maximum length: 3.2 cm SL Janeiro to northern Santa Catarina States.
Distribution: South America: Fortaleza, Ceará (only known from Countries: Brazil
type locality). Remarks and references: Possibly a junior synonym of Hyphesso-
Countries: Brazil brycon boulengeri (Malabarba, 1989: 135).
Remarks and references: See notes on the type material by Géry Hyphessobrycon robustulus (Cope, 1870)
(1972: 8-9). Hemigrammus robustulus Cope, 1870: 561. Type locality: Pebas,
Hyphessobrycon poecilioides Eigenmann, 1913 Equador [actually Peru]. Syntypes: ANSP 8037 (1), ANSP 8038-
Hyphessobrycon poecilioides Eigenmann, 1913: 29. Type locality: 8052 (15).
Cali [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56290 [ex CM 5091]. Maximum length: 4.4 cm TL
Maximum length: 6.9 cm TL Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Distribution: South America: Cauca River basin. Countries: Peru
Countries: Colombia Remarks and references: Holotype redescribed and figured by
Fowler (1906: 335-336).
Hyphessobrycon procerus Mahnert & Géry, 1987
Hyphessobrycon procerus Mahnert & Géry, 1987: 311, figs. 3-4.
Hyphessobrycon rosaceus Durbin, 1909
Type locality: Paraguay, dept. Caaguazu, Rio Guyrau-gua à Ltr. Hyphessobrycon rosaceus Durbin, 1909: 67. Type locality: Gluck
Juan M. Frutos. Holotype: MHNG 2385.68. I., Essequibo R., Guyana (a river island at ca 6°00’ to 6°05’N,
Maximum length: 3.3 cm SL 58°36’W). Holotype: FMNH 52791 [ex CM 1190].
Distribution: South America: Guyrau-gua River basin. Hyphessobrycon ornatus Ahl, 1934: 238, figs. Type locality: Pará,
Countries: Paraguay Brazil [probably in error for Guyana]. Syntypes: ZMB 20781 (1
or 3), ZMB 20805 (7).
Hyphessobrycon proteus Eigenmann, 1913 Cheirodon troemneri Fowler, 1942: 1. Type locality: Aquarium
Hyphessobrycon proteus Eigenmann, 1913: 28. Type locality: fish without locality, thought to have been obtained in Brazil.
Quibdo [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56293 [ex CM 5094]. Holotype: lost (Weitzman & Palmer, 1997a: 234).
Distribution: South America: Essequibo, Corantijn and Suriname
139
River basins. Comté, Approuague and Oiapock River basins.
Countries: Guyana, Suriname Countries: French Guiana
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 229- Remarks and references: See Planquette et al. (1996: 336-337) and
231; 1997b) for notes on taxonomy. See Weitzman & Palmer Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 235) for notes on taxonomy, biolo-
(1997a: 233-234) for possible synonymy of C. troemneri. gy and distribution.
Hyphessobrycon roseus (Géry, 1960) Hyphessobrycon socolofi Weitzman, 1977

Megalamphodus roseus Géry, 1960b: 26, pl. 2 (fig. 3); figs. 10-11. Hyphessobrycon socolofi Weitzman, 1977a: 327, fgs. 1-3. Type
Type locality: criques near Gaa Kaba, Maroni [French Guiana]. locality: Brazil, State of Amazonas, Rio Negro, Barcelos
Holotype: SMF 4784. (62°57’W, 0°58’S). Holotype: MZUSP 13181.
Distribution: South America: Maroni and Oyapock River basins. Distribution: South America: Negro River basin.
Countries: French Guiana Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Planquette et al. (1996: 332-333) and Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997c) for
Weitzman & Palmer (1998: 131) for notes on taxonomy, biology general comments.
and distribution.
Hyphessobrycon sovichthys Schultz, 1944
Hyphessobrycon saizi Géry, 1964 Hyphessobrycon sovichthys Schultz, 1944: 350, fig. 53. Type
Hyphessobrycon saizi Géry, 1964c: 46, fig. 11. Type locality: locality: Ciénaga del Guanavana, about 10 km. north of Sinamai-
About 200 miles east of Bogota, Colombia, in the upper Rio Me- ca, Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121534.
ta drainage. Holotype: USNM 198647. Maximum length: 3 cm SL
Maximum length: 23 mm SL Distribution: South America: Maracaibo Lake basin.
Distribution: South America: Upper Meta River basin. Countries: Venezuela
Countries: Colombia
Hyphessobrycon stegemanni Géry, 1961
Hyphessobrycon santae (Eigenmann, 1907) Hyphessobrycon stegemanni Géry, 1961b: 7, fig. 1. Type locality:
Hemigrammus santae Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907: 16. originally savannahs of northeastern Brazil, between the lower
Type locality: Lagoa Santa [São Francisco River basin, Minas Rio Tocantins and the rio Capim corrected to Brazil, Estado do
Gerais, Brazil]. Holotype: USNM 55652. Tocantins... município de Itacajá, between rio Manoel Alves Pe-
Tetragonopterus rivularis var. interrupta Lütken, 1875b: 215. queno and rio Vermelho, rio Tocantins basin, approx. 8°19’S,
Name not available, published in the synonymy of Tetragonopte- 47°25’W (Lima & Géry, 2001: 96). Holotype: USNM 195942.
rus rivularis Lütken. Also a junior homonym of Tetragonopterus Maximum length: 3.12 cm SL
interruptus Jenyns. Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin.
Maximum length: 4.2 cm TL Countries: Brazil
Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin. Remarks and references: See Lima & Géry (2001) for the correc-
Countries: Brazil tion of the type locality, and Seegers & Géry (1989) for notes on
distribution.
Hyphessobrycon savagei Bussing, 1967
Hyphessobrycon savagei Bussing, 1967: 215, fig. 2. Type locality: Hyphessobrycon stramineus Durbin, 1918
Puntarenas: Río Ceibo (260 m) at IH [=Interamerican Highway], Hyphessobrycon stramineus Durbin, in Eigenmann, 1918: 190.
4 km NW of Buenos Aires turnoff [Costa Rica]. Holotype: Type locality: Tabatinga [Amazon River basin, Amazonas, Bra-
LACM 9237-1. zil]. Holotype: MCZ 20772.
Distribution: Central America: Pacific drainages between Jicote Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
River near Parrita and Esquinas River basin. Countries: Brazil
Countries: Costa Rica
Hyphessobrycon sweglesi (Géry, 1961)
Hyphessobrycon schauenseei Fowler, 1926 Megalamphodus sweglesi Géry, 1961c: 36, fig. 7. Type locality:
Hyphessobrycon schauenseei Fowler, 1926: 254, fig. Type locali- Surroundings of Leticia, Upper Amazon, corrected to Río Muco
ty: Rio Inhangpy, Pará, Brazil [ = Inhangapi River]. Holotype: and upper Meta (Géry, 1966c: 232) [Orinoco River basin, Co-
ANSP 90878. lombia]. Holotype: USNM 196090.
Distribution: South America: Inhangapi River basin (only known Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
from type locality). Countries: Colombia
Countries: Brazil Remarks and references: Taphorn (1992: 239) suggested that H.
sweglesi could be a synonym of H. bentosi. However, see
Hyphessobrycon scholzei Ahl, 1937 Weitzman & Palmer (1997d; 1998: 131).
Hyphessobrycon scholzei Ahl, 1937b: 445. Type locality: Amazo-
nas bei Para [Brazil]. Lectotype: ZMB 20798, designated by Hyphessobrycon takasei Géry, 1964
Zarske & Géry (1995: 116). Hyphessobrycon takasei Géry, 1964d: 15, fig. 2. Type locality:
Maximum length: 4 cm TL Serra do Navio above Macapa, Amapa Territorio, lower Amazon
Distribution: South America: Lower Amazon River basin. basin [Brazil]. Holotype: USNM 198138.
Distribution: South America: Araguari and Oyapock River basins.
Hyphessobrycon simulatus (Géry, 1960) Countries: Brazil, French Guiana
Pseudopristella simulata Géry, 1960b: 18, pl. 2 (fig. 1); figs. 3-4. Remarks and references: See Planquette et al. (1996: 290-291) for
Type locality: Kourou River (coast) [French Guyana]. Holotype: notes on taxonomy, ecology, and distribution.
SMF 4786.
Maximum length: 3 cm SL Hyphessobrycon taurocephalus Ellis, 1911
Distribution: South America: Maroni, Mana, Sinnamary, Kourou, Hyphessobrycon taurocephalus Ellis, 1911: 151 [footnote], pl. 1
140
(fig. 4). Type locality: Serrinha Paraná, Rio Iguassú [=Iguaçu Hyphessobrycon werneri Géry & Uj, 1987a: 546, fig. Unnumb.
River, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54389 [ex CM 3007]. p.546. Type locality: Estado do Para, Brasilien, Einzugsgebiet
Maximum length: 5.5 cm TL des Rio Guama, Waldbach zwischen Santa Maria do Para und
Distribution: South America: Iguaçú River basin. Sao Miguel do Guama, etwa 120 Kilometer von Belem (Para) auf
Countries: Brazil der strasse BR 010. Holotype: MZUSP 42365.
Remarks and references: See Lima & Gerhard (2001: 159) for Maximum length: 3.2 cm SL
notes on taxonomy. Distribution: South America: Guamá River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon tenuis Géry, 1964 Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 215,
Hyphessobrycon tenuis Géry, 1964a: 10, fig. 8. Type locality: petit 222) for notes on taxonomy.
ruisseau faisant communiquer le Zapote Cocha avec le Caño Ya-
rina, en bordure du Rio Pacaya, affluent du canal de Puinahua
(bras du bas Rio Ucayali) [Peru]. Holotype: not researched. HYPOBRYCON
Maximum length: 2.6 cm SL Hypobrycon Malabarba & Malabarba, 1994: 20. Type species:
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin. Hypobrycon maromba Malabarba & Malabarba, 1994. Type by
Countries: Peru original designation. Gender: masculine.
Hyphessobrycon tortuguerae Böhlke, 1958 Hypobrycon leptorhynchus Silva & Malabarba, 1996
Hyphessobrycon tortuguerae Böhlke, 1958a: 173, fig. 1. Type Hypobrycon leptorhynchus Silva & Malabarba, 1996: 46, fig. 1.
locality: Tortuguero River (Lagoon) at Tortuguero, 2 miles from Type locality: Brazil: Santa Catarina: Campos Novos: rio Ibicuí,
ocean inlet, Costa Rica. Holotype: UF 5741. about 10 km from its mouth in the rio Canoas, rio Uruguai drai-
Maximum length: 3.9 cm SL nage, near the Celulose Iguaçu pulp mill plant (approx. 27°33’S,
Distribution: Central America: Atlantic versant between the Patuca 51°12’W). Holotype: MCP 18862.
River in Honduras and rivers San Juan and Tortuguero in north- Maximum length: 4.76 cm SL
ern Costa Rica. Distribution: South America: Upper Uruguay River basin.
Countries: Costa Rica, Honduras Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon tropis Géry, 1963 Hypobrycon maromba Malabarba & Malabarba, 1994
Hyphessobrycon tropis Géry, 1963b: 57, fig. 5. Type locality: Hypobrycon maromba Malabarba & Malabarba, 1994: 20, fig. 2.
Tapurucuara, upper Rio Negro [Brazil]. Holotype: USNM Type locality: Brazil: Santa Catarina: rio das Marombas, under
198639 [ex Géry coll. M.336,1]. Irineu Bornhausen bridge, on the old road to Campos Novos (ap-
Maximum length: 2.13 cm SL prox. 27°11’S, 50°38’W). Holotype: MCP 15757.
Distribution: South America: Middle Negro River basin. Maximum length: 4.84 cm SL
Countries: Brazil Distribution: South America: Upper Uruguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Hyphessobrycon tukunai Géry, 1965
Hyphessobrycon tukunai Géry, 1965c: 25, pl. 4 (fig. 12). Type Hypobrycon poi Almirón, Casciotta & Cione, 2001
locality: Igarapé Préto, collatéral de l’Amazone supérieure près Hypobrycon poi Almirón, Casciotta, Azpelicueta & Cione, 2001:
de Belem, à environ 60 km em aval de Leticia [Solimões River, 35, fig. 1. Type locality: Argentina, Misiones, Municipio Lean-
Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype: SMF 7209. dro N. Alem, arroyo Once Vueltas (27°38’S – 55°12’W), Uru-
Maximum length: 2.06 cm SL guay basin. Holotype: MLP 9573.
Distribution: South America: Upper Solimões River basin. Distribution: South America: Uruguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil Countries: Argentina
Hyphessobrycon uruguayensis (Fowler, 1943) INPAICHTHYS

Megalamphodus uruguayensis Fowler, 1943c: 313, fig. 2. Type Inpaichthys Géry & Junk, 1977: 417. Type species: Inpaichthys
locality: Uruguay. Holotype: ANSP 70331. kerri Géry & Junk, 1977. Type by original designation. Gender:
Maximum length: 3.74 cm SL masculine.
Distribution: South America: Uruguay River basin.
Countries: Uruguay Inpaichthys kerri Géry & Junk, 1977
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Palmer (1997a: 234; Inpaichthys kerri Géry & Junk, 1977: 418, fig. 5. Type locality:
1998: 129) for notes on taxonomy. pequeno igarapé pertencente ao sistema do igarapé Queimada
(atualmente igarapé do Aeroporto), cerca de duas horas da Ci-
Hyphessobrycon vilmae Géry, 1966 dade de Humboldt (Núcleo Aripuanã), na futura estrada para Ju-
Hyphessobrycon vilmae Géry, 1966b: 64, fig. 1. Type locality: ruena, alto rio Aripuanã [Madeira River system, Mato Grosso,
Upper Arinos-Juruena basin, Brazil. Holotype: Holotype: MHNG Brazil]. Holotype: INPA 10408.
2229.04. Maximum length: 2.8 cm SL
Maximum length: 2.94 cm SL Distribution: South America: Aripuanã River, upper Madeira
Distribution: South America: Upper Tapajós River basin. River basin in Mato Grosso State.
Hyphessobrycon wajat Almiron & Casciotta, 1999 Common names: Puxa-puxa (Brazil)
Hyphessobrycon wajat Almiron & Casciotta, 1999: 340, fig. 1.
Type locality: Argentina, Corrientes province, Laguna Brava JUPIABA
(58°44’W-27°33’S). Holotype: MLP 9321. Jupiaba Zanata, 1997: 102. Type species: Jupiaba poranga Zana-
Maximum length: 3.1 cm SL ta, 1997. Gender: feminine.
Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin.
Countries: Argentina Jupiaba abramoides (Eigenmann, 1909)
Astyanax abramoides Eigenmann, 1909a: 21. Type locality: Tuma-
Hyphessobrycon werneri Géry & Uj, 1987 tumari, Potaro River [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52863 [ex CM
141
1028]. Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers in French Guiana.
Maximum length: 12 cm SL Countries: French Guiana
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin and coastal
dranages in the Guianas Jupiaba meunieri (Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1996)
Countries: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela Astyanax meunieri Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1996: 21, pl. 2b.
Type locality: Approuague, Rivière Arataye au Saut Japigny
Jupiaba acanthogaster (Eigenmann, 1911) [French Guiana]. Holotype: MNHN 1995-1086.
Deuterodon acanthogaster Eigenmann, 1911b: 179, pl. 8 (fig. 3). Maximum length: 9 cm SL
Type locality: Corumbá [Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54748 [ex Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers in French Guiana and
CM 3395a]. Suriname.
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin in Brazil, Countries: French Guiana, Suriname
upper Tapajós and Tocantins River basins.
Countries: Brazil Jupiaba minor (Travassos, 1964)
Deuterodon minor Travassos, 1964: 11, fig. 1. Type locality: Rio
Jupiaba anteroides (Géry, 1965) Cachimbo - Cachimbo - Aeroporto da FAB. Abaixo do Salto -
Astyanax (Poecilurichthys) anteroides Géry, 1965c: 16, pl. 1 (figs. Estado do Pará. Lat. 9°22’S e Long. 54°55’W [Brasil]. Holotype:
3-4). Type locality: Igarapé Préto, collatéral de l’Amazone MNRJ 9196.
supérieure près de Belem, à environ 60 km en aval de Leticia, Distribution: South America: Cachimbo River basin, Pará State.
Brazil. Holotype: SMF 7255. Countries: Brazil
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon and Curuá-Una River
basins. Jupiaba mucronata (Eigenmann, 1909)
Countries: Brazil Astyanax mucronatus Eigenmann, 1909a: 19. Type locality: Tuma-
tumari above fall [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53520 [ex CM
Jupiaba apenina Zanata, 1997 1025].
Jupiaba apenima Zanata, 1997: 108, fig. 7. Type locality: Brasil. Maximum length: 4.2 cm SL
Mato Grosso: Cachimbo, rio Peixoto de Azevedo. Holotype: Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers in Guyana.
MZUSP 48458. Countries: Guyana
Distribution: South America: Peixoto de Azevedo and Noedori
River basins. Jupiaba ocellata (Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1996)
Countries: Brazil Astyanax ocellatus Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1996: 12, pl. 1a.
Type locality: Oyapock entre Saut Maripa et Camopi [French
Jupiaba asymmetrica (Eigenmann, 1908) Guiana]. Holotype: MNHN 1995-1090.
Astyanax asymmetricus Eigenmann, 1908: 94. Type locality: Maximum length: 12 cm TL
Tabatinga [Amazonas, Brazil]. Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers of northeastern South
?Astyanax asymmetricus colombiensis Fowler, 1945b: 97, fig. 2. America.
Type locality: Morelia, Río Caquetá drainage, Colombia. Holo- Countries: Brazil, French Guiana
type: ANSP 71672. Provisional synonym.
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin Jupiaba pinnata (Eigenmann, 1909)
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Deuterodon pinnatus Eigenmann, 1909a: 25. Type locality: Ama-
tuk, Lower Potaro River [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53525 [ex
Jupiaba atypindi Zanata, 1997 CM 1046].
Jupiaba atypindi Zanata, 1997: 111, fig. 8. Type locality: Brasil. Maximum length: 5.82 cm SL
Pará: (igarapé Jaramucu, afluente do rio Cuminá). Holotype: Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers in Guyana and Suri-
MZUSP 17809. name.
Distribution: South America: Negro River and some of its tributa- Countries: Guyana, Suriname
ries: Uraricoera, Surumu, and Cuminá rivers.
Countries: Brazil Jupiaba pirana Zanata, 1997
Jupiaba pirana Zanata, 1997: 114, fig. 9. Type locality: Brasil.
Jupiaba essequibensis (Eigenmann, 1909) Pará: (rio Tapajós, igarapé Pimenta, Parque Nacional da
Astyanax essequibensis Eigenmann, 1909a: 17. Type locality: Amazônia). Holotype: MZUSP 25389.
Tumatumari, Potaro River [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53519 Maximum length: 4.35 cm SL
[ex CM 1018]. Distribution: South America: Tapajós River basin.
Distribution: South America: Essequibo River basin. Countries: Brazil
Countries: Guyana
Jupiaba polylepis (Günther, 1864)
Jupiaba keithi (Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1996) Tetragonopterus polylepis Günther, 1864: 320. Type locality:
Astyanax keithi Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1996: 26, fig. 10; pl. British Guiana. Holotype: BMNH 1845.3.5.33.
1c. Type locality: Maroni, Crique Balaté [French Guiana]. Holo- Maximum length: 6.12 cm SL
type: MNHN 1995-1087. Distribution: South America: Paru de Oeste, Xingu, Tocantins, and
Maximum length: 10 cm SL Araguaia River basins and coastal rivers in Suriname and Guya-
Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers in French Guiana. na.
Countries: French Guiana Countries: Brazil, Guyana, Suriname
Jupiaba maroniensis (Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, Jupiaba poranga Zanata, 1997
1996) Jupiaba poranga Zanata, 1997: 115, fig. 10. Type locality: Brasil.
Astyanax maroniensis Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1996: 17, pl. Mato Grosso: Diamantino (rio Arinos, riacho Monjolinho). Holo-
2a. Type locality: Antecume Pata, village indien au confluent du type: MZUSP 45324.
Litani et du Marouini, formateurs du Maroni [French Guiana]. Maximum length: 7.9 cm SL
Holotype: MNHN 1995-1091. Distribution: South America: Peixoto de Azevedo and Arinos
Maximum length: 6 cm TL River basins in Tapajós River drainage.
142
Countries: Brazil Knodus delta Géry, 1972a: 56, pl. 3 (fig. 2). Type locality: Ruis-
seau près de Puerto Napo, haut Río Napo [Ecuador]. Holotype:
Jupiaba potaroensis (Eigenmann, 1909) ZMH H1473.
Astyanax potaroensis Eigenmann, 1909a: 22. Type locality: Ama- Maximum length: 3.61 cm SL
tuk Cataract, Potaro River [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52695 Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
[ex CM 1037]. Countries: Ecuador
Distribution: South America: Potaro River basin. Knodus gamma Géry, 1972
Countries: Guyana Knodus gamma Géry, 1972a: 52, pl. 2 (fig. 3). Type locality: Río
Villano, affluent du rio Cururay [Ecuador]. Holotype: ZMH
Jupiaba scologaster (Weitzman & Vari, 1986) H1861.
Astyanax scologaster Weitzman & Vari, 1986: 709, figs. 1, 3. Maximum length: 4.84 cm SL
Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, lower Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
portion of Caño Manu, which drains into the Casiquiare about Countries: Ecuador
250 m upstream of Solano (approx. 02°00’N, 66°57’W). Holo-
type: MBUCV V-15249. Knodus heteresthes (Eigenmann, 1908)
Maximum length: 3.7 cm SL Bryconamericus heteresthes Eigenmann, 1908: 105. Type locality:
Distribution: South America: Upper Negro and Orinoco River Tapajos [Brazil]. Syntypes: (many) MCZ 89966 [ex MCZ
basins. 20862a] (34), USNM 120247 [ex MCZ 20862a] (6).
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela Maximum length: 5.1 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Tapajós River basin.
Jupiaba yarina Zanata, 1997 Countries: Brazil
Jupiaba yarina Zanata, 1997: 119, fig. 11. Type locality: Brasil.
Mato Grosso: (rio Arinos, riacho Monjolinho). Holotype: Knodus hypopterus (Fowler, 1943)
MZUSP 45323. Bryconamericus hypopterus Fowler, 1943a: 242, fig. 20. Type
Maximum length: 7.73 cm SL locality: Florencia, Rio Orteguasa, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP
Distribution: South America: Arinos River basin in Tapajós River 70505.
drainage. Maximum length: 4.4 cm TL
Countries: Brazil Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Countries: Colombia
Jupiaba zonata (Eigenmann, 1908)
Astyanax zonatus Eigenmann, 1908: 95. Type locality: Tabatinga Knodus megalops Myers, 1929
[Amazonas, Brazil]. Lectotype: MCZ 89560 (1 of 2). Knodus megalops Myers in Eigenmann & Myers, 1929: 527. Type
Maximum length: 4.71 cm SL locality: Rio Pichis, Puerto Bermudez
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon and Negro River [Peru]. Holotype: CAS 61845 [ex IU 17668].
basins. Maximum length: 5.9 cm TL
Countries: Brazil Distribution: South America: Amazon River River basin.
Countries: Peru
KNODUS
Knodus Eigenmann, 1911a: 216. Type species: Knodus meridae Knodus meridae Eigenmann, 1911
Eigenmann, 1911. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine. Also Knodus meridae Eigenmann, 1911b: 216. Type locality: Merida,
appeared as new genus in Eigenmann (1918: 114) but with type Venezuela. Holotype: BMNH 1911.5.29.148.
given as Bryconamericus breviceps Eigenmann. Maximum length: 4.5 cm SL
Knodus breviceps (Eigenmann, 1908) Countries: Venezuela
Bryconamericus breviceps Eigenmann, 1908: 105. Type locality:
Goyaz [Goiás, Tocantins or Paraná River basin, Brazil]. Syn- Knodus mizquae (Fowler, 1943)
types: (many) MCZ 20692 (20, USNM 120274 [ex MCZ 20692] Astyanax mizquae Fowler, 1943e: 4, fig. 3. Type locality: Ele Ele,
(4). 5000 feet elevation, Río Mizque, Department of Cochabamba,
Maximum length: 8.7 cm TL Bolivia. Holotype: ANSP 69176.
Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin. Distribution: South America: Bolivia (?).
Countries: Brazil Countries: Bolivia
Common names: Piaba (Brazil)
Knodus moenkhausii (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903)
Knodus caquetae Fowler, 1945 Poecilurichthys moenkhausii Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903: 522.
Knodus caquetae Fowler, 1945b: 94, fig. 1. Type locality: Morelia, Type locality: a brook near Arroyo Trementina [Paraguay]. Holo-
Rio Caquetá drainage, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP 71670. type: CAS 55102 [ex IU 10001].
Distribution: South America: Amazon and Caquetá River basins. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Colombia Countries: Paraguay, Peru
Knodus chapadae (Fowler, 1906) Knodus orteguasae (Fowler, 1943)

Astyanax chapadae Fowler, 1906: 349, fig. 33. Type locality: Near Bryconamericus orteguasae Fowler, 1943a: 240, fig. 19. Type
Santa Anna da Chapada, in Matto Grosso, Brazil, from the head- locality: Florencia, Rio Orteguasa, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP
waters of the Paraguay. Holotype: ANSP 21828. 70504.
Maximum length: 4.4 cm SL Distribution: South America: Caquetá River basin.
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraguay River basin. Countries: Colombia
Countries: Brazil
Knodus savannensis Géry, 1961
Knodus delta Géry, 1972 Knodus savannensis Géry, 1961c: 26, fig. 1. Type locality: savan-
143
nahs of northeastern Brazil, between the lower Rio Tocantins and Countries: Brazil
the rio Capim [Brazil], corrected to “Brazil, Estado do Tocan-
tins.. município de Itacajá, between rio Manoel Alves Pequeno
and rio Vermelho, rio Tocantins basin, approx. 8°19’S, 47°25’W
LIGNOBRYCON
Lignobrycon Eigenmann & Myers, 1929: 513. Type species: Te-
or Brasil, estado do Tocantins, rio Javaés, Ilha do Bananal, ap-
tragonopterus ligniticus Woodward, 1898. Type by original de-
prox. 11° S, 51° W” by Lima & Géry (2001: 96). Holotype:
signation. Gender: masculine. Type is a fossil species.
USNM 196088.
Moojenichthys Miranda Ribeiro, 1956: 546. Type species: Mooje-
nichthys myersi Miranda Ribeiro, 1956. Type by original desig-
Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin.
nation. Gender: masculine.
Countries: Brazil
Knodus septentrionalis Géry, 1972 Lignobrycon myersi (Miranda Ribeiro, 1956)

Moojenichthys myersi Miranda Ribeiro, 1956: 546, fig. Type
Knodus victoriae septentrionalis Géry, 1972a: 49, pl. 2, fig. 1.
locality: Rio Braço, Ilhéos [Ilhéus], Bahia, Brazil. Holotype:
Type locality: rio Capotazo, affluent du haut rio Paztaza [Ecua-
MNRJ 4127.
dor]. Holotype: ZMH 2261.
Distribution: South America: Do Braço River basin in Bahia State.
Distribution: South America: Upper Pastaza River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Countries: Ecuador
Remarks and references: See Castro & Vari (1990) for redescrip-
Knodus smithi (Fowler, 1913) tion and comments on relationships.
Bryconamericus smithi Fowler, 1913: 557, fig. 18. Type locality: Common names: Canivete (Brazil), Mossarupè (Brazil), Piaba-
Tributary of the Madeira River near Porto Velho, Brazil. Holo- faca (Brazil)
type: ANSP 39293.
Bryconamericus jacunda Fowler, 1913: 555, fig. 17. Type locality: MARKIANA
Madeira River, about 200 miles east of W. Long. 62°20’, Brazil. Markiana Eigenmann, 1903: 145. Type species: Tetragonopterus
Holotype: ANSP 39292. nigripinnis Perugia, 1891. Type by original designation. Gender:
Maximum length: 3.5 cm TL feminine.
Distribution: South America: Madeira River basin.
Countries: Bolivia, Brazil Markiana geayi (Pellegrin, 1908)
Tetragonopterus (Markiana) nigripinnis geayi Pellegrin, 1908:
Knodus victoriae (Steindachner, 1907) 347. Type locality: Río Apuré (Vénézuéla) [Orinoco River ba-
Tetragonopterus victoriae Steindachner, 1907: 83. Type locality: sin]. Holotype: MNHN 98-17.
einem kleinen Bache nächst seiner Mündung in den Parnahyba Maximum length: 10.4 cm SL
bei dem Städtchen Victoria [Maranhão, Brazil]. Syntypes: (sev- Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin.
eral) NMW 57823-25 (16, 13, 18). Countries: Venezuela
Distribution: South America: Parnaíba River basin. Remarks and references: See Eigenmann (1918: 123) for key.
Countries: Brazil
Markiana nigripinnis (Perugia, 1891)
Tetragonopterus nigripinnis Perugia, 1891: 643. Type locality: Rio
LEPTAGONIATES della Plata [Argentina]. Syntypes: MSNG 9222 (3).
Leptagoniates Boulenger, 1887a: 281. Type species: Leptago-
niates steindachneri Boulenger, 1887a. Type by monotypy.
Distribution: South America: Paraná, Paraguay, and Mamoré River
Gender: masculine. See Malabarba (1998: 229) for comments.
basins.
Leptagoniates pi Vari, 1978 Countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay
Leptagoniates pi Vari, 1978: 185, fig. 1. Type locality: Bolivia, Remarks and references: See Eigenmann (1918: 123) for key.
Río Mamoré, 10 km west of San Pedro, lagoons communicating Common names: Lambari-campo (Brazil), Sardina (Bolivia)
with river. Holotype: AMNH 35952.
Maximum length: 3.1 cm SL MICROGENYS
Distribution: South America: Mamoré River basin. Microgenys Eigenmann, 1913: 22. Type species: Microgenys
Countries: Bolivia minutus Eigenmann, 1913. Type by original designation. Gender:
feminine.
Leptagoniates steindachneri Boulenger, 1887
Leptagoniates steindachneri Boulenger, 1887a: 282, pl. 23, fig. 3. Microgenys lativirgata Pearson, 1927
Type locality: Sarayacu [eastern Ecuador]. Holotype: BMNH Microgenys lativirgatus Pearson, in Eigenmann, 1927: 355. Type
1880.12.5.252. locality: Rio Pusoc, above Balsas, Peru. Syntypes: CAS 47171
Maximum length: 7.6 cm SL [ex IU 17642].
Countries: Ecuador, Peru Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
LEPTOBRYCON Remarks and references: see Eigenmann (1927: 354) for a compar-
Leptobrycon Eigenmann, 1915: 46. Type species: Leptobrycon ison with M. minuta (in key).
jatuaranae Eigenmann, 1915. Type by original designation. Common names: Mojarrita (Peru)
Gender: masculine. See Malabarba (1998: 230) for comments.
Microgenys minuta Eigenmann, 1913
Leptobrycon jatuaranae Eigenmann, 1915 Microgenys minutus Eigenmann, 1913: 22. Type locality: Piedra
Leptobrycon jatuaranae Eigenmann, 1915: 46, pl. 6 (fig. 1). Type Moler [upper Cauca basin, Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56215
locality: Jatuarana [Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 20952. [ex CM 5007].
Maximum length: 2.9 cm Maximum length: 4.5 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin. Distribution: South America: Cauca River basin.
144
Countries: Colombia Microschemobrycon melanotus (Eigenmann, 1912)
Remarks and references: see Eigenmann (1927: 354) for a rede- Aphyocharax melanotus Eigenmann, 1912b: 312. Type locality:
scription, figure and comparison with M. lativirgata. Rockstone sand-bank [Essequibo River, Guyana]. Holotype:
FMNH 53578.
Microgenys weyrauchi Fowler, 1945 Maximum length: 4.3 cm TL
Microgenys weyrauchi Fowler, 1945c: 3, fig. 4. Type locality: Distribution: South America: Essequibo and Negro River basins.
Ninabamba near Ayacucho, at 1900 meters elevation, Rio Ucaya- Countries: Brazil, Guyana.
li basin, Peru. Holotype: ANSP 71627.
Maximum length: 2.8 cm SL Microschemobrycon meyburgi Meinken, 1975
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin. Microschemobrycon meyburgi Meinken, 1975: 217, fig. 1. Type
Countries: Bolivia, Peru locality: Rio Xeriuini, Brasilien. Holotype: SMF 12271.
Remarks and references: possibly a junior synonym of Brycona- Maximum length: 2.2 cm SL
cidnus ellisi (Pearson, 1924), as suggested by Géry (1977: 398). Distribution: South America: Branco River basin.
Common names: Mojarrita (Peru) Countries: Brazil
MICROSCHEMOBRYCON MIXOBRYCON
Microschemobrycon Eigenmann, 1915: 56. Type species: Micro- Mixobrycon Eigenmann, 1915: 62. Type species: Cheirodon ribei-
schemobrycon guaporensis Eigenmann, 1915. Type by original roi Eigenmann, 1907. Type by original designation. Gender:
designation. Gender: masculine. See reviews by Böhlke (1953) masculine. See Malabarba 1998: 231.
and Géry (1973).
Mixobrycon ribeiroi (Eigenmann, 1907)
Microschemobrycon callops Böhlke, 1953 Cheirodon ribeiroi Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907: 9.
Microschemobrycon callops Böhlke, 1953b: 846, pl. 20 (fig. 2). Type locality: Puerto Max, Paraguay Basin. Holotype: CAS
Type locality: Rio Negro at Camanaos Rapids, Brazil... Cama- 59778 [ex IU 10229].
naos is just down river from São Gabriel, at approximatly Maximum length: 3.5 cm SL
0°10’North Latitude, 66°55’West Longitude. Holotype: SU Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
17491. Countries: Paraguay
Maximum length: 3 cm SL Remarks and references: See Malabarba (1998: 231) for comments
Distribution: South America: Negro, Orinoco, and Paru do Oeste on type specimen. Described in more detail by Eigenmann (1915:
River basins. 62-64, pl. 10, fig. 2).
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Microschemobrycon casiquiare Böhlke, 1953 MOENKHAUSIA

Microschemobrycon casiquiare Böhlke, 1953b: 843, pl. 20 (fig. 1). Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903: 145. Type species: Tetragonopte-
Type locality: São Gabriel Rapids of the Rio Negro, Brazil, rus xinguensis Steindachner, 1882. Type by original designation.
shortly down river from 0°08’03”South Latitude, 67°03’28”West Gender: feminine.
Longitude, where the village of São Gabriel is situated. Holo- Opisthanodus Ahl, 1935: 46. Type species: Opisthanodus haerteli
type: SU 17497. Ahl, 1935. Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.
Distribution: South America: Negro, Casiquiare, and Madeira Moenkhausia affinis Steindachner, 1915
Rivers basins. Moenkhausia affinis Steindachner, 1915b: 348. Type locality:
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela Mündung des Rio Negro. Syntypes: NMW (3)
Microschemobrycon elongatus Géry, 1973 Distribution: South America: Lower Negro River basin.
Microschemobrycon elongatus Géry, 1973: 97, fig. 9. Type locali- Countries: Brazil
ty: Rio Suiazinho (rio Xingù basin)... place North-West of Base Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Camp, which is 256 km North of Xavantina by road, 12°49’S,
51°46’W [Brazil]. Holotype: BMNH 1972.11.15.1. Moenkhausia agnesae Géry, 1965
Maximum length: 2.5 cm SL Moenkhausia agnesae Géry, 1965c: 14, pl. 1 (fig. 1). Type locali-
Distribution: South America: Xingu River basin. ty: Igarapé Preto, collatéral de l’Amazone supérieure près de Be-
Countries: Brazil lem, à environ 60km en aval de Leticia. Holotype: SMF 7238.
Microschemobrycon geisleri Géry, 1973 Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Microschemobrycon geisleri Géry, 1973: 93, fig. 7. Type locality: Countries: Brazil
Igarapé about 35 km N.-W. from Obidos, rio Curuçamba drai- Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
nage, lower Amazon basin [Brazil]. Holotype: MHNG 2229.09
[ex Géry coll. 0672]. Moenkhausia atahualpiana (Fowler, 1907)
Maximum length: 2.7 cm SL Astyanax atahualpianus Fowler, 1907: 436, fig. 36. Type locality:
Distribution: South America: Lower Amazon River basin. Near Pebas, Peru. Holotype: ANSP 21435.
Countries: Brazil Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: Peru
Microschemobrycon guaporensis Eigenmann, 1915 Common names: Mojara (Peru)
Microschemobrycon guaporensis Eigenmann, 1915: 56, pl. 8 (fig.
2). Type locality: Maciél, Rio Guaporé [Madeira River basin, Moenkhausia barbouri Eigenmann, 1908
Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 57926 [ex CM 6910a]. Moenkhausia barbouri Eigenmann, 1908: 103. Type locality: Villa
Maximum length: 3 cm SL Bella [now Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20708
Distribution: South America: Guapore River basin. (2).
Countries: Brazil
145
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Mojara (Peru)
key.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil) Moenkhausia copei (Steindachner, 1882)
Tetragonopterus copei Steindachner, 1882a: 179. Type locality:
Moenkhausia browni Eigenmann, 1909 Santarem [Brazil, Pará, Santarém and environs, 2°26’S,
Moenkhausia browni Eigenmann, 1909a: 13. Type locality: Arua- 54°51’W]. Syntypes (several): ?MCZ 89960 (30) Obidos; NMW
taima Falls, Potaro River [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52732 [ex 57383 (5).
CM]. Maximum length: 6 cm SL
Maximum length: 8.2 cm TL Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins.
Distribution: South America: Potaro River basin. Cuntries: Brazil, Venezuela.
Countries: Guyana Rmarks and references: See notes on taxonomy and ecology by
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification Taphorn (1992: 269-270).
key. Common names: bobita, sardinita (Venezuela).
Moenkhausia ceros Eigenmann, 1908 Moenkhausia costae (Steindachner, 1907)

Moenkhausia ceros Eigenmann, 1908: 104. Type locality: Lake Tetragonopterus costae Steindachner, 1907: 84. Type locality: Rio
Hyanuary [= Paraná do Janauari, Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype: San Francisco, Rio grande do Norte und Rio Preto bei Joazeiro,
MCZ 49161. Barra, Sa Rita [Brazil]. Syntypes: MNHN 1907-178 [ex NMW]
Maximum length: 5 cm TL (4); MZUT 1682 (3); NMW 57391-98 (8?), NMW 57401-06
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin. (6?), NMW 57408-09 (2?), NMW 57411 (1).
Countries: Brazil, Peru Maximum length: 5.9 cm SL
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification Distribution: South America: Sao Francisco and Itapicuru River
key. basins.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Mojara (Peru) Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See redescription and figures by Eigen-
Moenkhausia chrysargyrea (Günther, 1864) mann (1917: 93-95, pl. 14, fig. 2) and Britski et al. (1984: 46,
Tetragonopterus chrysargyreus Günther, 1864: 328. Type locality: fig.35). See Géry (1977: 446) for identification key.
Essequibo [Guyana]. Holotype: BMNH 1864.1.21.69. Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Piaba (Brazil)
Moenkhausia chrysargyrea leucopomis Fowler, 1914: 244, fig. 7.
Type locality: Rupununi River, British Guyana. Holotype: ANSP Moenkhausia cotinho Eigenmann, 1908
39330. Moenkhausia cotinho Eigenmann, 1908: 104. Type locality: Para
Maximum length: 10 cm SL [Belém and environs, Pará, Brazil, 1°27’S, 48°29’W]. Syntypes:
Distribution: South America: Guianas coastal rivers and Amazon MCZ 21013 (2), MCZ 21070 (3).
River basin. Maximum length: 5.1 cm SL
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Remarks and references: See Eigenmann (1917: 75, pl. 6, fig. 3) Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
for a detailed redescription. Notes on taxonomy and ecology by Remarks and references: Syntypes collected by Dr. Justa presuma-
Taphorn (1992: 266) and Planquette et al. (1996: 294). See Géry bly from Brazil, Paraíba, rio Paraíba do Norte at João Pessoa,
(1977: 446) for identification key. 7°6’S, 34°53’W, a locality outside the known range of the spe-
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Mojara (Peru), Sardinita (Ec- cies. See Géry (1977: 446) for identification key.
uador), Palometa Aro de Oro (Venezuela), Common names: Bobita (Venezuela), Lambari (Brazil), Mojara
(Peru)
Moenkhausia collettii (Steindachner, 1882)
Tetragonopterus collettii Steindachner, 1882a: 179. Type locality: Moenkhausia crisnejas Pearson, 1929
Rio Hyavary. Obidos [Javari River, tributary of Solimões River Moenkhausia crisnejas Pearson, in Eigenmann & Myers, 1929:
at the Brazilian-border, c. 4°21’S, 70°02’W; Brazil, Pará, Ama- 524. Type locality: Paipay, Rio Crisnejas, Peru. Syntypes: CAS
zon River at Óbidos, 1°52’S, 55°30’W]. Syntypes: MCZ 20483 60477 (24) (ex IU 17641).
(42) Obidos, ? MCZ 90154 [ex MCZ 20480a] (3) Obidos; NMW Maximum length: 4.4 cm SL
57379-82 (3, 3, 2, 5). Distribution: South America: Crisnejas River basin.
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin from Peru to the Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
Guianas. key.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suri- Common names: Mojara (Peru)
name, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner, 1858)
key. Tetragonopterus dichrourus Kner, 1858a: 80. Type locality: Rio
Common names: Bobita (Venezuela), Lambari (Brazil), Mojara Guaporé...Caiçara...Rio Paraguay [Guaporé and Paraguay River
(Peru), Sardinita (Ecuador) basins, Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 56219 (4), NMW 57593 (2).
Moenkhausia comma Eigenmann, 1908 Distribution: South America: Amazon, Paraguay, and Orinoco
Moenkhausia comma Eigenmann, 1908: 102. Type locality: Cuda- River basins.
jas [Solimões River at Codajás, near Ilha Codajás, Amazonas, Countries: Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela
Brazil, 3°55’S, 62°0’W]. Syntypes: MCZ 20972 (2). Eigenmann Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
(1917: 77) writes “One specimen 20972 part Type 77 mm”, but key. Notes on taxonomy and ecology by Taphorn (1992: 272-
this does not constitute a lectotype designation. 273).
Maximum length: 7.4 cm SL Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Lambari-corintiano (Brazil),
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin. Mojara (Peru), sardinita tijeras (Venezuela)
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification Moenkhausia diktyota Lima & Toledo-Piza, 2001
key. Moenkhausia diktyota Lima & Toledo-Piza, 2001: 1058, fig. 1.
146
Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, rio Negro, igarapé at São João, (fig. 2). Type locality: Surinam.
near Santa Isabel do Rio Negro, 0º24’S; 65º02’W. Holotype: Maximum length: 6.4 cm SL
MZUSP 62614 Distribution: South America: Amazon, Orinoco and coastal river
Maximum length: 5.2 cm SL drainages of the Guianas.
Distribution: South America: Upper Negro River basin. Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
Countries: Brazil Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Tuniupe (Tukano Indians in key.
upper rio Negro, Brazil), Tumuapé (Tuyuka Indians in upper rio Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Sardina (Ecuador), Weti fisa,
Negro, Brazil). Sriba, Piki pilélou (French Guiana)
Moenkhausia doceana (Steindachner, 1877) Moenkhausia hasemani Eigenmann, 1917

Tetragonopterus doceanus Steindachner, 1877: 572. Type locality: Moenkhausia lepidura hasemani Eigenmann, 1917: 102, pls. 15
Rio Doce [eastern Brazil]. Syntypes: MNHN 1913-135 and 136 (fig. 3), 101 (fig. 5). Type locality: Santarem [Pará, Brazil]. Ho-
(2); NMW 57389 (2), NMW 57591 (2). lotype: FNNH 55055 [ex CM 3746].
Distribution: South America: Mucuri and Doce River basins. Distribution: South America: Lower Tapajós River basin.
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key. key; Géry (1992: 73) for notes on taxonomy.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil) Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Moenkhausia dorsinuda Zarske & Géry, 2002 Moenkhausia hemigrammoides Géry, 1965
Moenkhausia dorsinuda Zarske & Géry, 2002b: 13, fig. 1. Type Moenkhausia hemigrammoides Géry, 1965b: 109, fig. 6. Type
locality: Bolivien, Departamento Beni, Río Ipurupuru, unweit der locality: Weyne, Matoekasie creek, on the road Albina-Moengo,
Kreuzung des Flusses an der Strasse nach San Ramón, etwa Cottica River basin [Suriname]. Holotype: ZMA 104227.
73km nördlich Trinidad (14°12’538”S, 64°56’268”W). Holo- Maximum length: 4 cm SL
type: MTD F 24833. Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers in Suriname and
Maximum length: 7.09 cm SL French Guiana.
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin in Bolivia. Countries: French Guiana, Suriname
Countries: Bolivia Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key; Planquette et al. (1996: 302-303) for notes, ecology, and
Moenkhausia eigenmanni Géry, 1964 distribution.
Moenkhausia eigenmanni Géry, 1964c: 30, fig. 5. Type locality:
about 200 miles east of Bogota, Colombia, in the upper Rio Meta Moenkhausia icae Eigenmann, 1908
drainage. Holotype: USNM 198640. Moenkhausia lepidurus içae Eigenmann, 1908: 103. Type locality:
Maximum length: 5.25 cm SL Iça [Brazil, Amazonas, Içá River, tributary of Solimões River,
Distribution: South America: Upper Meta River basin. near the Brazilian-Colombian border, 3°07’S, 67°58’W]. Syn-
Countries: Colombia types: MCZ MCZ 20810 (1, missing), MCZ 20812 (30).
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification Maximum length: 5 cm SL
key. Distribution: South America: Solimões and Içá River basins.
Countries: Brazil
Moenkhausia georgiae Géry, 1965 Remarks and references: See Géry (1992: 73) for notes on the
Moenkhausia georgiae Géry, 1965b: 104, pl. 1 (fig. 3). Type species.
locality: between “Saut-Chien” and “Saut-Topi-Topi”, middle
Mana River, French Guiana. Holotype: ZMA 104223. Moenkhausia inrai Géry, 1992
Maximum length: 6.9 cm SL Moenkhausia inrai Géry, 1992: 74, fig. 7. Type locality: “crique
Distribution: South America: Sipaliwini, Maroni, Mana, Sinnama- Roche au-dessus du Saut Grand Canori, Approuague” [French
ry, Comté, Approuagua, and Oyapock River basins. Guiana]. Holotype: MNHN 1992-0943.
Countries: French Guiana, Suriname Maximum length: 6.45 cm SL
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification Distribution: South America: Maroni and Approuague River ba-
key. See Planquette et al. (1996: 296-297) for notes on ecology, sins.
taxonomy and distribution. Countries: French Guiana
Common names: Pikili (French Guiana).
Moenkhausia gracilima (Eigenmann, 1908)
Moenkhausia lepidurus gracilimus Eigenmann, 1908: 104. Type Moenkhausia intermedia Eigenmann, 1908
locality: Villa Bella; Serpa [Amazon River at Parintins, Amazo- Moenkhausia dichrourus intermedius Eigenmann, 1908: 103. Type
nas, Brazil, 2°38’S, 56°45’W; Brazil, Amazonas, Amazon River locality: Tabatinga [Amazonas, Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20762
at Itacoatiara, 3°06’S, 58°22’W]. Syntypes: MCZ 20983 (now (2).
13), USNM 120279 [ex MCZ 20983] (4). Moenkhausia lepidura madeirae Fowler, 1913: 540, fig. 11. Type
Maximum length: 5.9 cm SL locality: Tributary of Rio Madeira near Porto Velho, Brazil. Ho-
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin. lotype: ANSP 39224.
Countries: Brazil Astyanax bipunctialbicaudalis Godoy, 1977: 666, fig. 7. Type
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification locality: Rio Mogi Guassu, Cachoeira de Emas, Pirassununga
key; Géry (1992: 71) for notes on taxonomy and distribution. (SP), mais ou menos 500 m abaixo da ponte. Holotype: EEBP-
Common names: Lambari (Brazil) Pirassununga 8109.
Moenkhausia grandisquamis (Müller & Troschel, Distribution: South America: Amazon, Orinoco, La Plata, Approu-
1845) ague, Maroni and Mana River basins.
Tetragonopterus grandisquamis Müller & Troschel, 1845: 27, pl. 8 Countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Paraguay,
Venezuela
147
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification [Pará, Brazil]. Holotype: ZMB 23684.
key. Maximum length: 8.4 cm SL
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Lambari-corintiano (Brazil) Distribution: South America: Amazon, Orinoco, and coastal rivers
in Guyana and Suriname.
Moenkhausia jamesi Eigenmann, 1908 Countries: Brazil, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
Moenkhausia jamesi Eigenmann, 1908: 102. Type locality: Iça; Remarks and references: See Géry (1992) for taxonomic remarks
Obidos; Lago do Maximo, Tajapuru [Brazil, Amazonas, Içá Riv- on the species; Taphorn (1992: 275-276) and Araújo-Lima et al.
er, tributary of Solimões River, near the Brazilian-Colombian (1986) for observations on diet and microhabitat preferences.
border, 3°07’S, 67°58’W; Brazil, Pará, Amazon River at Óbidos, Common names: Mojara (Peru)
1°52’S, 55°30’W; Lake Maximo, near Parintins, 2°40’S,
56°45’W, Amazonas, Brazil; Furo Tajapuru at Tajapuru, Ilha de Moenkhausia levidorsa Benine, 2002
Marajó, 1°50’S, 50°25’W, Pará, Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20734 Moenkhausia levidorsa Benine, 2002: 290, fig. 1. Type locality:
(1), MCZ 20742 (1), MCZ 20816 (2), MCZ 20827 (1). Brazil: State of Mato Grosso: Núcleo Aripuanã, igarapé do
Maximum length: 6.8 cm SL Aeroporto, Furo Bahia, above cachoeira de Dardanelos (approx-
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin. imately 10°10’S 59°25’W). Holotype: INPA 16774.
Remarks and references: See Eigenmann (1917: 72-73, pl. 5, fig. Distribution: South America: Middle Tapajós River basin.
1) for a more detailed description and figure; See Géry (1977: Countries: Brazil.
446) for identification key.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil) Moenkhausia lopezi Britski & Silimon, 2001
Moenkhausia lopezi Britski & Silimon, 2001: 113, fig. 2. Type
Moenkhausia justae Eigenmann, 1908 locality: Ribeirão Sozinho na rodovia BR 163, entre Rondonópo-
Moenkhausia justae Eigenmann, 1908: 102. Type locality: Not lis e Coxim (aproximadamente 17°30’S 55°10’W), município de
provided in the original description; Eigenmann (1917: 73) sug- Rondonópolis, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Holotype:
gested “probably… neighborhood of Manaos”. Eschmeyer et al. MZUSP 64480.
(1998: 822), based on undisclosed evidence, suggested Paraíba Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
do Norte River, João Pessoa, Paraíba. However, recent collec- Countries: Brazil.
tions at João Pessoa and other sites in northeastern Brazil did not
reveal specimens which could be assigned to that species (R.S. Moenkhausia loweae Géry, 1992
Rosa, H.A. Britski, pers. comm.). As a consequence, the type- Moenkhausia loweae Géry, 1992: 73, fig. 6. Type locality: Rio das
locality should be still considered uncertain, but more probably Mortes à Xavantina [Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 44560.
lies in Amazon basin in Brazil. Holotype: MCZ 21014. Maximum length: 5.25 cm SL
Maximum length: 6 cm SL Distribution: South America: Araguaia River basin.
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin in Brazil. Countries: Brazil
Countries: Brazil Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Remarks and references: Very similar and doubtfully diagnosable
from M. jamesi (Eigenmann, 1917: 73; Géry, 1977: 447). Moenkhausia margitae Zarske & Géry, 2001
Common names: Lambari (Brazil) Moenkhausia margitae Zarske & Géry, 2001: 7, fig. 1. Type local-
ity: Peru, Ucayali, Quebrada an der Straße Campo Verde - Nueva
Moenkhausia lata Eigenmann, 1908 Requena (etwa auf halber Strecke). Holotype: MTD F 17256.
Moenkhausia lepidurus latus Eigenmann, 1908: 103. Type locali- Maximum length: 6.4 cm SL
ty: Rio Tapajos [Brazil, Pará, approx. 2°24’S, 54°51’W]. Syn- Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
types: (many) CAS 42670 [ex IU 15259 & MCZ 20860] (5, Countries: Peru
missing), MCZ 20860 (2), USNM 120278 [ex MCZ 20860] (4). Common names: Mojara (Peru)
Distribution: South America: Tapajós and Oyapock River basins. Moenkhausia megalops (Eigenmann, 1907)
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana Astyanax megalops Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907: 29.
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification Type locality: Itaituba, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 71433 [ex IU
key. See Géry (1992: 72) and Planquette et al. (1996: 308-309) 5192].
for notes on the species. Maximum length: 5 cm SL
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Pilaki (French Guiana) Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin and coastal
rivers in French Guiana.
Moenkhausia latissima Eigenmann, 1908 Countries: Brazil, French Guiana
Moenkhausia latissimus Eigenmann, 1908: 101. Type locality: Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
Tabatinga [Brazil, Amazonas, Solimões River at Tabatinga and key.
environs, 4°14’S, 69°44’W]. Syntypes: MCZ 20767 (9), MCZ Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
20769 (now 9), USNM 120277 [ex MCZ 20769] (3).
Maximum length: 9.2 cm SL Moenkhausia melogramma Eigenmann, 1908
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River near Tabatin- Moenkhausia melogrammus Eigenmann, 1908: 102. Type locality:
ga. Tabatinga [Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 20825.
Countries: Brazil Maximum length: 4 cm SL
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
key. Countries: Brazil
Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Sardina (Ecuador) Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key.
Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner, 1858) Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Tetragonopterus lepidurus Kner, 1858a: 80. Type locality: Rio
Guaporé [Rondônia, Brazil; provided by Kner, 1859: 41]. Syn- Moenkhausia metae Eigenmann, 1922
types: presumably at NMW. Moenkhausia metae Eigenmann, 1922b: 234, pl. 34 (fig. 3). Type
Knodus calliurus Ahl, 1931: 208, fig. 2. Type locality: Rio Capim locality: Barrigón, Río Meta [Orinoco System, Colombia]. Holo-
148
type: CAS 55610 [ex IU 15026a]. Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
Maximum length: 7.4 cm SL key; Planquette et al. (1996: 312-313) for notes.
Distribution: South America: Upper Meta River basin. Common names: Bobita (Venezuela), Lambari olho-de-fogo (Bra-
Countries: Colombia zil), Mojara (Peru), Pequira (Brazil), Tetra de vidrio (Peru), Tetra
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification espejo (Peru)
key.
Moenkhausia orteguasae Fowler, 1943
Moenkhausia miangi Steindachner, 1915 Moenkhausia orteguasae Fowler, 1943a: 233, fig. 14. Type locali-
Moenkhausia miangi Steindachner, 1915a: 43, pl. 3 (fig. 5). Type ty: Florencia, Rio Orteguasa, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP 70496.
locality: aus dem Miang an der Grenze von Venezuela. Maximum length: 7.3 cm TL
Maximum length: 8.9 cm SL Distribution: South America: Orteguasa River basin.
Distribution: South America: Upper Branco and upper Caroni Countries: Colombia
River basins Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
Countries: Brazil, Venezuela key.
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
key; Lasso (1990: 222) for remarks on the species. Moenkhausia ovalis (Günther, 1868)
Common names: Bobita (Venezuela), Curuku (Venezuela) Tetragonopterus ovalis Günther, 1868: 480. Type locality: Xebe-
ros [Peru]. Holotype: BMNH 1867.6.13.87.
Moenkhausia moisae Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, Maximum length: 8 cm SL
1995 Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Moenkhausia moisae Gery, Planquette, & Le Bail, 1995: 67, fig. 2. Countries: Peru
Type locality: Crique Blaté, Bas Maroni. Holotype: MNHN Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
1995-1073. key.
Maximum length: 9.5 cm SL Common names: Mojara (Peru)
Distribution: South America: Maroni and Mana River basins.
Countries: French Guiana
Moenkhausia phaeonota Fink, 1979
Moenkhausia phaeonota Fink, 1979: 2, fig. 1. Type locality: Bra-
Moenkhausia naponis Böhlke, 1958 zil, Mato Grosso, from the shores of an island “below Rio dos
Moenkhausia naponis Böhlke, 1958b: 14, fig. 1. Type locality: Peixes”, Rio Arinos, Juruena-Tapajós drainage. Holotype:
from headwaters of Río Arajuno [Ecuador, 1°24’ to 1°26’S, MZUSP 13793.
77°50’ to 77°55’W]. Holotype: USNM 164067. Maximum length: 5.6 cm SL
Maximum length: 5.4 cm SL Distribution: South America: Upper Tapajós River basin.
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin. Countries: Brazil
Countries: Ecuador Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Piaba (Brazil)
key.
Moenkhausia pittieri Eigenmann, 1920
Common names: Sardinita (Ecuador) Moenkhausia pittieri Eigenmann, 1920: 10, pl. 3. Type locality:
Concejo, Rio Tiquirito [Venezuela]. Holotype: CAS 62059 [ex
Moenkhausia newtoni Travassos, 1964 IU 15136].
Moenkhausia newtoni Travassos, 1964: 543, fig. 6-9. Type locali- Opisthanodus haerteli Ahl, 1935: 47. Type locality: Amazonas bei
ty: Rio Cachimbo, Cachimbo, Aeroporto da FAB. Abaixo do Para [Brazil]. Lectotype: ZMB 20793.
Salto, Estado do Pará. Lat. 9°22’S e Long. 54°55’W [Brazil]. Maximum length: 6 cm SL
Holotype: MNRJ 9177. Distribution: South America: Lake Valencia basin.
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin in Pará State. Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
Countries: Brazil key and Zarske & Géry (1995: 117) for synonymy.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil) Common names: Bobita (Venezuela)
Moenkhausia nigromarginata Costa, 1994 Moenkhausia pyrophthalma Costa, 1994

Moenkhausia nigromarginata Costa, 1994: 22, fig. 1. Type locali- Moenkhausia pyrophthalma Costa, 1994: 25, figs. 3-4. Type local-
ty: Brazil, Estado do Mato Grosso, small stream, tributary to Rio ity: Brazil: Estado do Mato Grosso, stream crossing the road be-
Cravari, near the road MT-170, about 10 km N of Campo Novo tween Água Boa and Cocalinho, 13 km W of the point where the
do Parecis, rio Tapajós basin. Holotype: MNRJ 12429. road reaches rio das Mortes, rio Araguaia-Tocantins basin,
Maximum length: 5.3 cm SL 14°03’S, 51°47’W. Holotype: MNRJ 12431.
Distribution: South America: Upper Tapajós River basin Maximum length: 3.4 cm SL
Countries: Brazil Distribution: South America: Araguaia River basin.
Common names: Lambari (Brazil) Countries: Brazil
Common names: Lambari olho-de-fogo (Brazil)
Moenkhausia oligolepis (Günther, 1864)
Tetragonopterus oligolepis Günther, 1864: 327. Type locality: Moenkhausia robertsi Géry, 1964
British Guyana. Holotype: BMNH 1969.12.19.2. Moenkhausia robertsi Géry, 1964e: 21, fig. 1. Type locality: Up-
Tetragonopterus agassizii Steindachner, 1876b: 89, pl. 6, fig. 2. per Amazon region surrounding Iquitos [Peru]. Holotype: USNM
Type locality: Amazonenstrom bei Tabatinga [Brazil]. Syntypes: 200427 [ex Géry coll. 398.1].
ZMUC 42 (1); NMW 57176-79 (2, 2, 3, 2). Maximum length: 4.9 cm SL
Maximum length: 10 cm SL Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Distribution: South America: Venezuela, the Guianas and the Countries: Peru
Amazon River basin. Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Vene- key.
zuela Common names: Mojara (Peru)
149
Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Steindachner, 1907) Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Piaba (Brazil)
Tetragonopterus sanctae Filomenae Steindachner, 1907: 82. Type
locality: Lagune bei Sa. Filomena am Rio Parnahyba [Brazil].
Moenkhausia xinguensis (Steindachner, 1882)
Syntypes: NMW 57513 (5), NMW 57514 (7), NMW 57515 (2). Tetragonopterus xinguensis Steindachner, 1882a: 178. Type lo-
Moenkhausia australe Eigenmann, 1908: 103. Type locality: cality: Xingu [Xingu River, Pará, Brazil]. Holotype: NMW.
Arroyos Trementina and Chagalalina [Paraguay]. Syntypes: Maximum length: 5 cm SL
Probably MCZ (2). Distribution: South America: Xingu River basin.
Distribution: South America: Parnaíba, São Francisco, upper Remarks and references: Species later described in more detail by
Paraná, Paraguay and Uruguay River basins. Steindachner (1882b: 32). See Géry (1977: 446) for identification
Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay key.
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification Common names: Lambari (Brazil), Piaba (Brazil)
key. Species inquirendae
Common names: Lambari olho-de-fogo (Brazil), Pequira (Brazil) Moenkhausia tridentata Holly, 1929: 1. Type locality: Piquirão
Moenkhausia shideleri Eigenmann, 1909 (Amazonasgebiet) [Brazil]. Holotype: whereabouts unknown.
Moenkhausia shideleri Eigenmann, 1909a: 15. Type locality: Moenkhausia lepidura ocoae Fowler, 1943a: 234, fig. 15. Type
Bartica [Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52961 [ex CM 1012]. locality: Rio Ocoá, Rio Meta basin, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP
Maximum length: 7.3 cm SL 70497.
Distribution: South America: Guyana (?). Moenkhausia schultzi Fernández-Yépez, 1950: 13, pl. 2 (fig. 4).
Countries: Guyana Type locality: Rio Autana, Venezuela. Holotype: AFY 48166.
key. MONOTOCHEIRODON
Monotocheirodon Eigenmann & Pearson, in Pearson, 1924: 34.
Moenkhausia simulata (Eigenmann, 1924) Type species: Monotocheirodon pearsoni Eigenmann, 1924.
Astyanax simulatus Eigenmann in Pearson, 1924: 41. Type locali- Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
ty: Creek at Puerto Burmedez [Peru]. Syntypes: MCZ 31875 [ex
IU 16860] (2), USNM 167811 [ex IU 15860] (2), CAS 62100 [ex Monotocheirodon pearsoni Eigenmann, 1924
IU 15860] (orig. 10, now 6), USNM 167811 [ex IU 15860] (2). Monotocheirodon pearsoni Eigenmann, in Pearson, 1924: 34, pl.
Maximum length: 7.2 cm SL 11, fig. 1. Type locality: Espia [Beni River basin, Bolivia]. Syn-
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon, Pachitea, and Maro- types: (10) CAS 59792 [ex IU 15348] (7), UMMZ 66484 (4).
ni River basins. Additional original material: CAS 70832 [ex IU 17334] (3),
Countries: French Guiana, Peru, Suriname 70833 [es IU 17333] (now 5), 70835 [ex IU 17335] (2).
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification Maximum length: 4.4 cm
key; Planquette et al. (1996: 316-317) for record in French Guia- Distribution: South America: Beni River basin.
na and Suriname. Countries: Bolivia
Common names: Mojara (Peru)
Moenkhausia surinamensis Géry, 1965 NEMATOBRYCON

Moenkhausia surinamensis Géry, 1965b: 102, fig. 2. Type locality: Nematobrycon Eigenmann, 1911a: 215. Type species: Nematobry-
Brownscreek, km 114 from Paramaribo on the Paramaribo-Dam con palmeri Eigenmann, 1911. Type by monotypy. Gender: mas-
railroad, between Saramacca and Suriname River systems [Suri- culine. See Weitzman & Fink (1971: 57) for comments and dis-
name]. Holotype: ZMA 104221. cussion about species of this genus.
Distribution: South America: Suriname, Saramacca, Oyapock,
Nematobrycon lacortei Weitzman & Fink, 1971
Approuague, Comté, and Sinnamary River basins. Nematobrycon lacortei Weitzman & Fink, 1971: 59, fig. 1. Type
Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname locality: Probably from Rio Calima, Colombia. Holotype: USNM
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification 205594.
key; Planquette et al. (1996: 314-315) for notes on the species. Maximum length: 3.6 cm SL
Distribution: South America: San Juan River basin.
Moenkhausia takasei Géry, 1964 Countries: Colombia
Moenkhausia takasei Géry, 1964d: 13, fig. 1. Type locality: creek Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Fink (1971: 57) for
close to Belem do Para, Rio Guama basin, lower Amazon [Bra- detailed synonymy and Géry (1977: 386) for comments.
zil]. Holotype: USNM 198136. Common names: Rainbow tetra (USA)
Distribution: South America: Lower Amazon River basin.
Nematobrycon palmeri Eigenmann, 1911
Nematobrycon palmeri Eigenmann, 1911a: 215. Type locality:
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 446) for identification Condoto, Rio Condoto, and Novita, Rio Tamana, S.W. Colombia
key. [restricted to Colombia, Condoto River, by Weitzman & Fink
Common names: Lambari (Brazil) (1971: 68)]. Lectotype: BMNH 1910.7.11.96, designated by
Weitzman & Fink (1971: 68).
Moenkhausia tergimacula Lucena & Lucena, 1999 Nematobrycon amphiloxus Eigenmann & Wilson, in Eigenmann,
Moenkhausia tergimacula Lucena & Lucena, 1999: 232, fig. 1. Henn & Wilson, 1914: 13. Type locality: Boca de Raspadura
Type locality: Brazil: Goiás: Minaçu: rio Tocantins, 3 km down- [Colombia]. Holotype: CM 5050 (apparently lost).
stream of Serra da Mesa Dam, 13°50’51”S 48°16’60”. Holotype: Maximum length: 4.2 cm SL
MCP 20560. Distribution: South America: Atrato and San Juan River basins.
Maximum length: 5.2 cm SL Countries: Colombia
Distribution: South America: Upper Tocantins River basin. Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Fink (1971) for detailed
Countries: Brazil synonymy and Géry (1977: 386) for comments.
Common names: Emperor tetra (USA)
150
NEMATOCHARAX Oligosarcus argenteus Günther, 1864

Nematocharax Weitzman, Menezes & Britski, 1986: 335. Type Oligosarcus argenteus Günther, 1864: 353. Type locality: Brazil.
species: Nematocharax venustus Weitzman, Menezes & Britski, Lectotype: BMNH 1967.1.24.2.
1986. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine. Oligosarcus meadi Menezes, 1969: 31 fig. 21. Type locality:
União de Caeté, Minas Gerais, Río das Velhas basin. Holotype:
Nematocharax venustus Weitzman, Menezes & MZUSP 4618.
Britski, 1986 Maximum length: 10.5 cm SL
Nematocharax venustus Weitzman, Menezes & Britski, 1986: 336, Distribution: South America: Doce and Das Velhas River basins.
fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil; Minas Gerais, Município Medina, Countries: Brazil
Rio Jequitinhonha at Itaobim, about 16°40’S, 41°23’W. Holo- Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 22) for diagnosis.
type: MZUSP 5131.
Maximum length: 5.1 cm SL Oligosarcus bolivianus (Fowler, 1940)
Distribution: South America: Jequitinhonha River basin. Acestrorhamphus bolivianus Fowler, 1940: 53, fig. 7. Type locali-
Countries: Brazil ty: Río Lipeo, Bolivia. Holotype: ANSP 68814.
Distribution: South America: Lipeo River in the Paraguay River
ODONTOSTOECHUS basin.
Odontostoechus Gomes, 1947: 7. Type species: Odontostoechus Countries: Bolivia
lethostigmus Gomes, 1947. Type by original designation. Gend- Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 26) for diagnosis.
er: masculine.
Oligosarcus brevioris Menezes, 1987
Odontostoechus lethostigmus Gomes, 1947 Oligosarcus brevioris Menezes, 1987: 10, fig. 2. Type locality:
Odontostoechus lethostigmus Gomes, 1947: 8, fig. 1; pl. 1 (fig. 1). Arroio Cachoeirinha, bacia do Rio Pelotas, estrada Vacaria-Bom
Type locality: backwater of Rio Maquiné, a tributary to Lagôa Jesus, municipio de Vacaria, Rio Grande do Sul (ca. 28°40’S,
dos Quadros, Conceiçao do Arroio County, Rio Grande do Sul, 50°40’W) [Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 37508.
Brazil. Holotype: UMMZ 143272. Maximum length: 16.6 cm SL
Maximum length: 6.65 cm SL Distribution: South America: Upper Uruguay River basin.
Distribution: South America: Maquiné, Três Forquilhas and Mapi- Countries: Brazil
tuba River basins in southern Brazil.
Countries: Brazil Oligosarcus hepsetus (Cuvier, 1829)
Remarks and references: See comments on possible relationships Hydrocyon hepsetus Cuvier, 1829: 312. Type locality: Unknown.
in Malabarba (1998: 231-232). No types known.
Distribution: South America: Southeastern Brazil and La Plata
OLIGOBRYCON River basin.
Oligobrycon Eigenmann, 1915: 56. Type species: Oligobrycon
microstomus Eigenmann, 1915. Type by original designation.
Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 31) for diagnosis.
Gender: masculine.
Common names: Tajibucu (Brazil), Tambicu (Brazil)
Oligobrycon microstomus Eigenmann, 1915 Oligosarcus jenynsii (Günther, 1864)
Oligobrycon microstomus Eigenmann, 1915: 57, fig. 17; pl. 9 (fig.
Xiphorhamphus jenynsii Günther, 1864: 356. Type locality:
1). Type locality: Jacarehy, Rio Parahyba [Brazil]. Holotype:
Freshwater Lake of Maldonado [Uruguay]. Types apparently not
FMNH 57913 [ex CM 6898].
preserved.
Xiphorhamphus brachycephalus Cope, 1894: 84, pl. 4. Type local-
Distribution: South America: Upper and middle Paraíba do Sul
ity: Rio Grande do Sul [restricted to Laguna dos Patos system,
River basin.
Brazil, by Malabarba (1989)]. Lectotype: ANSP 21728, desig-
Countries: Brazil
nated by Fowler (1907: 460).
Remarks and references: Known only from type specimens.
Acestrorhamphus purpureus Messner, 1962: 1. Type loclity: Río
Olimar, near the mouth of Arroyo de las Piedras, Uruguay. Holo-
OLIGOSARCUS type: MNHN 79.
Oligosarcus Günther, 1864: 353. Type species: Oligosarcus ar- Maximum length: 22.2 cm SL
genteus Günther, 1864. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine. Distribution: South America: Streams, rivers and lagoons of coast-
Acestrorhamphus Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903: 527. Type spe- al areas and interior plains of Rio Grande do Sul State, Uruguay
cies: Hydrocyon hepsetus Cuvier, 1816. Type by monotypy. and Argentina.
Gender: masculine. Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay
Paroligosarcus Campos & Trewavas, 1949: 157. Type species: Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 23) for diagnosis.
Oligosarcus pintoi Campos, 1945. Type by monotypy. Gender: Common names: Branca (Brazil), Tambica (Brazil), Tambicu
masculine. Originally proposed as a subgenus of Oligosarcus. (Brazil)
Oligosarcus acutirostris Menezes, 1987 Oligosarcus macrolepis (Steindachner, 1877)

Oligosarcus acutirostris Menezes, 1987: 15, fig. 3. Type locality: Xiphorhamphus macrolepis Steindachner, 1877: 594. Type locali-
Rio Itapemirim, Fazenda Boa Esperança, entre Pacotuba e Cou- ty: Rio Jequitinhonha. Syntypes: not found at NMW.
tinho, Espirito Santo (aproximadamente 21°S, 41°W) [Brazil]. Maximum length: 7.7 cm SL
Holotype: MZUSP 37525. Distribution: South America: Jequitinhonha River basin.
Distribution: South America: Eastern coastal rivers between Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 21) for diagnosis.
Espírito Santo and Bahia States. Common names: Tambicu (Brazil)
Countries: Brazil
Oligosarcus menezesi Miquelarena & Protogino, 1996
151
Oligosarcus menezesi Miquelarena & Protogino, 1996: 112, fig. Bolivia. Holotype: ZSM 26095.
Type locality: Arroyo Urugua-í, arriba de Salto de Uruguau-í, em Maximum length: 8.2 cm SL
terrenos de la Cia. “Alto Parana” [Paraná River basin, Misiones, Distribution: South America: Chapare River basin and lagoons
Argentina]. Holotype: ILPLA 299. near Cochabamba.
Maximum length: 13.8 cm SL Countries: Bolivia
Distribution: South America: Upper Urugua-í creek, upper Paraná Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 27) for diagnosis.
River basin in Misiones.
Countries: Argentina Oligosarcus solitarius Menezes, 1987
Remarks and references: See Miquelarena & Protogino (1996) for Oligosarcus solitarius Menezes, 1987: 6, fig. 1. Type locality:
detailed description. Lagoa Carioca, Vale do Rio Doce, Minas Gerias, approximada-
mente (20°S, 43°W). Holotype: MZUSP 37377.
Oligosarcus oligolepis (Steindachner, 1867) Maximum length: 16.2 cm SL
Xiphoramphus oligolepis Steindachner, 1867: 339. Type locality: Distribution: South America: Doce River basin.
Río de la Plata. Holotype: NMW. Countries: Brazil
Distribution: South America: Paraguay, lower Paraná, Uruguay Species inquirenda
and La Plata River basins. Xiphorhamphus pericoptes Muller & Troschel, 1844: 93. Type
Countries: Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay locality: Brasilia. No types known. Either a synonym of Oligo-
Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 28) for diagnosis. sarcus hepsetus or Oligosarcus robustus (see Menezes, 1987:
32).
Oligosarcus paranensis Menezes & Géry, 1983
Oligosarcus paranensis Menezes & Géry, 1983: 572, fig. 3. Type
locality: Represa de Salesópolis (Tietê river system), State of São
OTHONOCHEIRODUS
Othonocheirodus Myers, 1927: 113. Type species: Othonocheiro-
Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 25721.
dus eigenmanni Myers, 1927. Type by original designation.
Gender: masculine.
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay Othonocheirodus eigenmanni Myers, 1927
Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 27) for diagnosis. Othonocheirodus eigenmanni Myers, 1927: 114. Type locality:
Common names: Tambicu (Brazil) Peru: Rio Cayumba [tributary of Huallaga River]. Holotype: IU
17674.
Oligosarcus pintoi Campos, 1945 Maximum length: 4.7 cm
Oligosarcus pintoi Campos, 1945: 456, fig. 9. Type locality: Rio
Mogi-Guaçu [upper Paraná River basin, São Paulo, Brazil]. Ho-
Countries: Peru
lotype: MZUSP 3465.
Remarks and references: See comments on possible relationships
Hemibrycon marciae Godoy, 1971: 155, fig. 2. Type locality:
in Malabarba (1998: 231-232).
tanque da EEBP-Pirassununga (SP), bacia do Rio Mogi Guassa
[upper Paraná River basin, São Paulo, Brazil]. Holotype: EEBP
710. OXYBRYCON
Maximum length: 8.4 cm SL Oxybrycon Géry, 1964a: 15. Type species: Oxybrycon parvulus
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin. Géry, 1964. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay
Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 20) for diagnosis. Oxybrycon parvulus Géry, 1964
Common names: Lambari (Brazil) Oxybrycon parvulus Géry, 1964a: 16, fig. 13. Type locality: petit
ruisseau faisant communiquer le <<Zapote Cocha>> avec le
Oligosarcus planaltinae Menezes & Géry, 1983 <<Caño Yarina>>, en bordure du Rio Pacaya, affluent du canal
Oligosarcus planaltinae Menezes & Géry, 1983: 564, fig. 1. Type de Puinahua (bras du bas Rio Ucayali) [Peru]. Holotype: unnum-
locality: Córrego Planaltina, a tributary of Rio São Bartolomeu bered: not researched.
(Paraná river system) near Brasìlia, State of Goiás, Brazil. Holo- Maximum length: 1.6 cm SL
type: MZUSP 26718 or 25718. Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin.
Distribution: South America: Paranaíba River basin in Goiás State. Common names: Mojara (Peru)
Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 33) for diagnosis. PARACHEIRODON
Oligosarcus robustus Menezes, 1969 Lamprocheirodon Géry, 1960a: 13. Type species: Cheirodon
Oligosarcus robustus Menezes, 1969: 26, fig. 18. Type locality: axelrodi Schultz, 1956. Type by original designation. Gender:
Rio Caí in Montenegro, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Guaíba River masculine.
basin). Holotype: MZUSP 4917. Paracheirodon Géry, 1960a: 12. Type species: Hyphessobrycon
Maximum length: 22 cm SL innesi Myers, 1936. Type by original designation. Gender: mas-
Distribution: South America: Coastal drainages of Rio Grande do culine. Phylogeny, species description and key in Weitzman &
Sul State. Fink (1983).
Countries: Brazil
Paracheirodon axelrodi (Schultz, 1956)
Remarks and references: See Menezes (1987: 30) for diagnosis.
Cheirodon axelrodi Schultz, 1956: 42, unnumbered fig. Type
Common names: Branca (Brazil), Tambica (Brazil), Tambicu
locality: near Porto Velho, Brazil; corrected in Weitzman & Fink
(Brazil)
(1983) to “Brazil, Amazonas, stream near Tomar (=Thomar)
Oligosarcus schindleri Menezes & Géry, 1983 (0°25’S, 63°55’W), Rio Negro”. Holotype: USNM 164483.
Oligosarcus schindleri Menezes & Géry, 1983: 566, fig. 2. Type Hyphessobrycon cardinalis Myers & Weitzman, 1956: 1. Type
locality: San Francisco de Chipiriri in a small tributary of the Río locality: Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil [aquarium import]; cor-
Chapare (Rio Madeira basin), about 100 km east of Cochabamba, rected in Weitzman & Fink (1983) to “Brazil, Amazonas, rio
152
Negro near Tomar (0°25’S, 63°55’W)”. Holotype: SU 48710. about 200 miles east of Bogota, Colombia, in the upper Rio Meta
Maximum length: 2.51 cm SL drainage. Holotype: USNM 198641.
Distribution: South America: Upper Orinoco and Negro River Maximum length: 5 cm SL
basins. Distribution: South America: Meta and Aguaro River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela Countries: Colombia, Venezuela
Remarks and references: Synonym, redescription, figures and Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 487) and Taphorn
discussion of type locality in Weitzman & Fink (1983) (1992: 292-293) for remarks on the species.
Common names: Neon (Brazil, USA), Neon tetra (USA) Common names: Plain Jane (USA)
Paracheirodon innesi (Myers, 1936)

Hyphessobrycon innesi Myers, 1936: 97. Type locality: Peruvian PARECBASIS
Amazon [Aquarium import]. Holotype: USNM 102109. Parecbasis Eigenmann, 1914: 45. Type species: Parecbasis cyclo-
Maximum length: 2.2 cm SL lepis Eigenmann, 1914. Type by monotypy. Gender: feminine.
Distribution: South America: Blackwater or clearwater streams
Parecbasis cyclolepis Eigenmann, 1914
tributaries of the Solimões River.
Parecbasis cyclolepis Eigenmann, 1914: 45. Type locality: San
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Peru
Antonio, de Rio Madeira [Rondônia, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH
Remarks and references: Redescribed and figured in Weitzman &
56677 [ex CM 5495].
Fink (1983).
Paracheirodon simulans (Géry, 1963) Distribution: South America: Madeira-Mamoré River basin.
Hyphessobrycon simulans Géry, 1963a: 15, fig. 1. Type locality: Countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Peru
Rio Purus [Brazil] [corrected by Géry (1966: 231) to Rio Jufaris Common names: Mojara (Peru)
(or Tupari), which empties into the Rio Negro just above Rio
Branco]. Holotype: USNM 197510 [ex Géry coll. M.332.1]. PETITELLA
Maximum length: 2.02 cm SL Petitella Géry & Boutière, 1964: 474. Type species: Petitella
Distribution: South America: Upper Negro and Orinoco River georgiae Géry & Boutière, 1964. Type by original designation.
basins. Gender: feminine.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela
Remarks and references: Redescribed and figured in Weitzman & Petitella georgiae Géry & Boutière, 1964
Fink (1983). Petitella georgiae Géry & Boutière, 1964: 474, fig. 1. Type locali-
Common names: Neon (Brazil, USA), Neon tetra (USA) ty: village de Lagunas, bas Rio Huallaga, Loreto District, Pérou.
Holotype: MHNG 2150.28.
PARAGONIATES Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin in Peru;
Paragoniates Steindachner, 1876b: 117. Type species: Parago-
Purus, Negro, and Madeira River basins.
niates alburnus Steindachner, 1876b. Type by subsequent desig-
nation by Eigenmann (1910: 441). Gender: masculine.
Remarks and references: See Géry & Mahnert (1986) for remarks
Paragoniates alburnus Steindachner, 1876 on taxonomy and distribution.
Paragoniates alburnus Steindachner, 1876b: 117, pl. 8 (fig. 3).
Type locality: Amazonenstrom bei Teffé [Brazil]. Holotype: PHENAGONIATES
NMW 73544. Phenagoniates Eigenmann & Wilson, in Eigenmann, Henn &
Maximum length: 6 cm TL Wilson, 1914: 2. Type species: Phenagoniates wilsoni Eigen-
Distribution: South America: Middle and upper Amazon and mann, 1914. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
Orinoco River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Peru, Venezuela Phenagoniates macrolepis (Meek & Hildebrand,
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 289-290) for remarks 1913)
on the species. Roeboides macrolepis Meek & Hildebrand, 1913: 84. Type locali-
ty: Rio Cupe, Boca de Cupe, Panama [Tuira River basin]. Holo-
Species inquirenda type: FMNH 7590.
Paragoniates muelleri Steindachner, 1876b: 120. Type locality: Phenagoniates wilsoni Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Henn & Wil-
Amazonenstrom bei Obidos [Brazil]. Holotype: NMW 56535. son, 1914: 2. Type locality: Manigru [Colombia]. Holotype:
FMNH 56540 [ex CM 5354].
PARAPRISTELLA Maximum length: 4.5 cm SL
Parapristella Géry, 1964c: 41. Type species: Pristella aubynei Distribution: Central and South America: Chucunaque and Atrato
Eigenmann, 1909a. Type by original designation. Gender: femi- Rivers and Lake Maracaibo basins.
nine. Countries: Colombia, Panama, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Fink & Weitzman (1974: 30) for
Parapristella aubynei (Eigenmann, 1909) detailed synonymy and Géry (1977: 347) for key and comments.
Pristella aubynei Eigenmann, 1909a: 24. Type locality: Lama Common names: Barred glass tetra (USA)
Stop-off [coastal basin, about twenty-five miles east of George-
town, Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52698 [ex CM 1042].
PIABARCHUS
Distribution: South America: Coastal drainages of Guyana. Piabarchus Myers, 1928: 90. Type species: Piabina analis Eigen-
Countries: Guyana mann, 1914. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Remarks and references: Valid as Parapristella aubynei according Piabarchus analis (Eigenmann, 1914)
to Géry (1964c: 41). See Géry (1977: 487) for comments. Piabina analis Eigenmann, in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson, 1914:
Parapristella georgiae Géry, 1964 8. Type locality: Caceres [=Cáceres, upper Paraguay River basin,
Parapristella georgiae Géry, 1964c: 44, fig. 9. Type locality: Mato Grosso, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 56661 [ex CM 5478].
153
Maximum length: 3.09 cm SL Pristella maxillaris (Ulrey, 1894)
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin; upper Amazon Aphyocarax maxillaris Ulrey, 1894: 611. Type locality: Brazil.
River basin in Peru. Syntypes: SU 2170 (1), 47059 (2).
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay, Peru Holopristis riddlei Meek, in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907: 11. Type
Remarks and references: See Mahnert & Géry (1988) for remarks locality: Los Castillas, Venezuela. Holotype: CAS 57151.
on taxonomy. Maximum length: 4.5 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon, Orinoco, and coastal river
Piabarchus torrenticola Mahnert & Géry, 1988 drainages of the Guianas.
Piabarchus torrenticola Mahnert & Géry, 1988: 3, fig. 2; pl. 2. Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela
Type locality: Salto Pirareta, prov. Cordillera, Paraguay. Holo- Remarks and references: See Planquette et al. (1996: 334-335) for
type: MHNG 2385-70. notes on the species.
Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay PROBOLODUS
Probolodus Eigenmann, 1911b: 164. Type species: Probolodus
heterostomus Eigenmann, 1911. Type by original designation.
PIABINA Gender: masculine.
Piabina Reinhardt, 1867: 49. Type species: Piabina argentea
Reinhardt, 1867. Type by monotypy. Gender: feminine. Probolodus heterostomus Eigenmann, 1911
Probolodus heterostomus Eigenmann, 1911b: 164, pl. 4 (fig. 1).
Piabina argentea Reinhardt, 1867 Type locality: Campos [on Parahyba do Sul River, Rio de Janei-
Piabina argentea Reinhardt, 1867: 50, pl. 1 figs. 1,2. Type locali- ro, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54328 [ex CM 2973].
ty: Rio das Velhas, Brazil. Syntypes: ZMUC 253, 254. Maximum length: 8.1 cm SL
Piabina piquira Eigenmann, 1910: 434. Type locality: Piracicaba. Distribution: South America: Coastal basins of southeastern Bra-
Placed as a synonym of Piabina argentea by Eigenmann and zil.
Myers (1929: 430). Countries: Brazil
Maximum length: 6.8 cm SL Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 579) for comments and
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná River basin in nor- Bizerril (1994: 65) for key.
theastern Paraguay and southern Brazil, São Fransisco, Itapicuru,
Paraíba, and Itapemirim River basins.
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay PSALIDODON
Remarks and references: See Vari & Harold (2001: 224) for de- Psalidodon Eigenmann, 1911b: 165. Type species: Psalidodon
tailed redescription. gymnodontus Eigenmann, 1911. Type by original designation.
Gender: masculine.
PRIONOBRAMA Psalidodon gymnodontus Eigenmann, 1911
Prionobrama Fowler, 1913: 534. Type species: Prionobrama Psalidodon gymnodontus Eigenmann, 1911b: 166, pl. 4 (figs. 2-3).
madeirae Fowler, 1913. Type by original designation. Gender: Type locality: Porto União, Rio Iguassú [Paraná, Brazil]. Holo-
feminine. type: FMNH 54574 [ex CM 3204].
Bleptonema Eigenmann, 1914: 44. Type species: Bleptonema Maximum length: 17 cm SL
paraguayensis Eigenmann, 1914. Type by subsequent designa- Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin.
tion by Jordan (1920: 535). Gender: neuter. Countries: Brazil
Remarks and references: See comments in Garavello et al. (1977:
Prionobrama filigera (Cope, 1870) 75).
Aphyocharax filigerus Cope, 1870: 564. Type locality: Pebas, Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
Eastern Ecuador [actually Peru]. Holotype: ANSP 8073.
Prionobrama madeirae Fowler, 1913: 535, fig. 9. Type locality:
Tributary of the Madeira River, near Porto Velho, Brazil. Holo- PSELLOGRAMMUS
type: ANSP 39218. Psellogrammus Eigenmann, 1908: 99. Type species: Hemigram-
Bleptonema amazonae Eigenmann, 1914: 44. Type locality: Santa- mus kennedyi Eigenmann, 1903. Type by original designation.
rem [Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 56679 [ex CM 5497a]. Gender: masculine.
Aphyocharax analis Nichols, 1915: 127. fig. 1. Type locality:
Manaos [“an aquarium fish said to come from Manaos”; Amazo- Psellogrammus kennedyi (Eigenmann, 1903)
nas, Brazil]. Holotype: AMNH 5073. Hemigrammus kennedyi Eigenmann, in Eigenmann & Kennedy,
Maximum length: 6 cm TL 1903: 520. Type locality: Campo Grande [Lagunitas, five kilo-
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin. meters from Asuncion, Paraguay River basin, Paraguay]. Holo-
Countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru type: CAS 44420 [ex IU 10016].
Prionobrama paraguayensis (Eigenmann, 1914) Distribution: South America: Paraguay and São Francisco River
Bleptonema paraguayensis Eigenmann, 1914: 44. Type locality: basins.
Corumba [Paraguay River, Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 56681 [ex Countries: Brazil, Paraguay
CM 5499a]. Remarks and references: See Britski et. al. (1999: 32) for descrip-
Maximum length: 5 cm TL tion.
Distribution: South America: Paraguay and lower Paraná River Common names: Lambari (Brazil)
basins.
Countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay PSEUDOCHALCEUS
Pseudochalceus Kner, 1863: 225. Type species: Pseudochalceus
PRISTELLA lineatus Kner, 1863. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine. Al-
Pristella Eigenmann, 1908: 99. Type species: Holopristis riddlei so appeared as new in Kner & Steindachner (1864: 35).
Meek, 1907. Type by original designation. Gender: feminine.
154
Pseudochalceus kyburzi Schultz, 1966 Rhinobrycon negrensis Myers, 1944

Pseudochalceus kyburzi Schultz, 1966: 27, fig. p. 25. Type locali- Rhinobrycon negrensis Myers, 1944: 589, fig. Type locality: Santa
ty: Río Calima, Cauca Valley, Colombia. Holotype: USNM Izabel, Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 11089.
231738 [ex USNM 257403-F27]. Maximum length: 3.9 cm SL
Maximum length: 7.8 cm SL Distribution: South America: Negro River basin.
Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers in Pacific versant of Countries: Brazil
Colombia.
Countries: Colombia
Remarks and references: See Schultz (1966) for description and
RHINOPETITIA
Rhinopetitia Géry, 1964b: 454. Type species: Rhinopetitia myersi
ecological observations; Géry (1972: 941) for comparison with
Géry, 1964b. Type by original designation. Gender: feminine.
other species.
Pseudochalceus lineatus Kner, 1863 Rhinopetitia myersi Géry, 1964

Rhinopetitia myersi Géry, 1964b: 454, fig. 3; pl. 4a. Type locality:
Pseudochalceus lineatus Kner, 1863: 225, fig. 11. Type locality:
Ilha do Bananal, haut Rio Araguaia, Brésil. Holotype: MHNG
Vom Westabhange der Anden in Staate Ecuador. Syntypes:
2229.03 [ex Géry coll. M.194,1].
NMW 56738-9. Also appeared as new in Kner & Steindachner
(1864: 35, pl. 5, fig. 1).
Distribution: South America: Araguaia River basin.
Countries: Brazil
Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers in Pacific versant of
Ecuador.
Countries: Ecuador ROEBOEXODON
Remarks and references: See Kner & Steindachner (1864) for a Roeboexodon Géry, 1959c: 346. Type species: Roeboexodon geryi
detailed description; Géry (1972: 941) for comparison with other Myers, 1960. Type by subsequent designation by Myers (1960:
species. 210). Gender: masculine
Pseudochalceus longianalis Géry, 1972 Roeboexodon geryi Myers, 1960

Pseudochalceus (Pseudochalceus) longianalis Géry, 1972c: 933, Roeboexodon geryi Myers, 1960: 209. Type locality: Confluent du
fig. 1. Type locality: Sud de la Colombie, près de la frontière Ouaqui et du Tampoc, bassin du Haut-Maroni, Guyane
avec l’Equateur, versant pacifique: rio Guiza, affluent du rio Mi- Française. Holotype: MNHN 59-38, established by Myers (1960:
ra, à la Guayacana, Province Narino, altitude 240 m, coordonnées 210) based in the type-specimens of Exodon guyanensis sensu
1°27’N et 78°27’O. Holotype: MHNG 1226.90. Géry (1959c).
Maximum length: 7.85 cm SL Maximum length: 15 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Coastal rivers in Pacific versant of Distribution: South America: Amazon, Tocantins, Xingu, and
Colombia and Ecuador. Tapajós River basins.
Countries: Colombia, Ecuador Countries: Brazil.
Remarks and references: See Géry (1972: 941) for comparison Remarks and references: See color photo in Planquette et al.
with other species. (1996). Puyo (1948) on the basis of three specimens collected in
French Guyana, described Exodon guyanensis. Géry (1959) des-
ignated a neotype and proposed the new genus Roeboexodon for
RACHOVISCUS Puyo's species. Myers (1960) indicated differences between
Rachoviscus Myers, 1926: 1. Type species: Rachoviscus crassi-
Géry's and Puyo's descriptions, stating that the former did not
ceps Myers, 1926. Type by monotypy. Gender: neuter.
corresponded to E. guyanensis. For this reason, Myers (1) erected
Rachoviscus crassiceps Myers, 1926 a new genus, Gnathoplax in order to house the species of Puyo,
Rachoviscus crassiceps Myers, 1926: 1, fig. unnumbered. Type (2) maintained the name Roeboexodon for the specimens of
locality: Rio de Janeiro. Lectotype: USNM 92971, designated by Géry and, (3) provided a specific epithet for Roeboexodon: R.
Weitzman & Cruz (1981: 1009); they also suggest type locality geryi. We herein keep the name Roeboexodon geryi and regard
probably is the region of Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil. the neotype designation by Géry invalid in accordance with the
Maximum length: 3.85 cm SL arguments mentioned by Myers (1960). Moreover, Géry (1959)
Distribution: South America: Coastal river basins of Paraná and doesn't say that there are controversies concerning Puyo's species
northern Santa Catarina States. identification or even that the taxon is involved in nomenclatural
Countries: Brazil problems, basic premises for a neotype designation following the
Remarks and references: See Weitzman & Cruz (1981) for rede- ICZN Art. 75.1. Contrarily, Géry statement: "l'espèce, bien que
scription. clairemente définie et figurée par Puyo, l'était toutefois incom-
pletèmente et aucun type était désigné...." enforces the incom-
Rachoviscus graciliceps Weitzman & Cruz, 1981 pleteness of Puyo's description but no difficulties on the identifi-
Rachoviscus graciliceps Weitzman & Cruz, 1981: 1003, figs. 1-2. cation. Besides, Géry (p. 346) cited his objectives: "... désigner
Type locality: Brazil, State of Bahia:... one of three small creeks un néotype de Exodon guyanensis et d'en faire une redescription
about 1 km north of Prado and about 500 meters from Atlantic figurée (....) le tout en application des Règles de la nomenclature,
Ocean, 39°14’W, 17°19’S. Holotype: MZUSP 14387. ...", which allow us to exclusively view his action as a procedure
Maximum length: 4.76 cm SL to satisfy the "need" of replacement of the missing type-
Distribution: South America: Coastal river basins of southern specimens. It characterizes this procedure as merely curatorial,
Bahia State. and not as a reason for a neotype designation. On the contrary, it
Countries: Brazil automatically invalidates the neotype designation (ICZN Art
75.2). It seems that Myers' procedure is nomenclaturally correct
in spite of the presence of some questionable diagnostic charac-
RHINOBRYCON ters cited by Puyo (1948). We considered the names Gnathoplax
Rhinobrycon Myers, 1944: 587. Type species: Rhinobrycon ne- Myers and Exodon guyanensis (Puyo), respectively Genus and
grensis Myers, 1944. Type by original designation. Gender: mas- Species inquirenda.
culine.
155
SALMINUS (Venezuela), Sauta (Venezuela), Tabarana (Brazil), Tubarana

Salminus Agassiz, in Spix & Agassiz, 1829: 76. Type species: (Brazil), Tuburana (Brazil)
Hydrocyon brevidens Cuvier, 1819. Type by monotypy. Gender:
masculine. SCHULTZITES
Schultzites Géry, 1964c: 31. Type species: Schultzites axelrodi
Salminus affinis Steindachner, 1880 Géry, 1964. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Salminus affinis Steindachner, 1880: 80, pl. 7 (fig. 2). Type locali-
ty: Cauca [Colombia]. Lectotype: NMW 78042.02, designated by Schultzites axelrodi Géry, 1964
Géry & Lauzanne (1990: 123). Schultzites axelrodi Géry, 1964c: 32, fig. 7. Type locality: about
Maximum length: 100 cm SL 200 miles east of Bogota, Colombia, in the upper Rio Meta drai-
Distribution: South America: Magdalena River basin and Santiago nage [Colombia]. Holotype: USNM 198642.
River basin in Ecuador. Maximum length: 3.4 cm SL
Countries: Colombia, Ecuador Distribution: South America: Upper Meta River basin.
Common names: Dorada (Colombia), Picuda (Colombia), Rubia Countries: Colombia
(Colombia), Rubio (Colombia) Remarks and references: See Géry (1977: 450) for comments.
Common names: Axelrod’s Moenkhausia (USA)
Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1816)
Hydrocynus brasiliensis Cuvier, 1816: 167. Type locality: Brésil. SCISSOR
Holotype: MNHN A.8555 (dry). Scissor Günther, 1864: 331. Type species: Scissor macrocephalus
Hydrocyon brevidens Cuvier, 1819: 364, pl. 27 (fig. 1). Type Günther, 1864. Type by monotypy. Gender: masculine.
locality: Brésil. Holotype: MNHN A.8555 (dry). Objective syn-
onym of Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1816) (Géry & Lauzanne, Scissor macrocephalus Günther, 1864
1990: 117). Scissor macrocephalus Günther, 1864: 331. Type locality:...as all
Salminus maxillosus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, the specimens from the same source were from Surinam, it is
1850: 62. Type locality: l’Amazone [Brazil]. Holotype: MNHN probable that this species also comes from that country. Holo-
A.8550 (dry). Possibly a synonym of Salminus brasiliensis type: BMNH 1858.6.14.1.
(Cuvier, 1816) (Géry & Lauzanne 1990: 122). Distribution: South America: Suriname (?).
Salminus cuvieri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850: Countries: Suriname
56. Type locality: Brésil. Holotype: MNHN A.8555. Objective Remarks and references: See Rosen (1972: 16-17) for notes on the
synonym of Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1816) (Géry & Lau- species.
zanne, 1990: 117).
Salminus orbignyanus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1850: 65. Type locality: les Missions jusqu’à Buénos Ayres, Ar-
SERRABRYCON
gentina; dans tous les affluents du Parana ou de l’Uruguay. Holo- Serrabrycon Vari, 1986: 329. Type species: Serrabrycon magoi
type: MNHN A.8551. Possible synonym of Salminus brasiliensis Vari, 1986. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
(Cuvier, 1816) (Géry & Lauzanne 1990: 122). Serrabrycon magoi Vari, 1986
Salmo auratus Larrañaga, 1923: 378. Type locality: Uruguay. Serrabrycon magoi Vari, 1986: 329, figs. 1-3. Type locality: Ve-
Salmo 27-radiatus Larrañaga, 1923: 388. Type locality: Uruguay. nezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Departamento Rio Negro,
Originally as Salmo auratus vel 27-radiatus. lower portion of Caño Manu, which drains into the Casiquiare
Maximum length: 100 cm SL about 250 m upstream of Solano (apporx. 02º00’N 66º57’W).
Distribution: South America: Paraná, Paraguay, and Uruguay Holotype: MBUCV 14270.
River basins; Laguna dos Patos drainage, upper Chaparé and Maximum length: 3.1 cm SL
Mamoré River basin in Bolivia. Occurrence in the remaining Distribution: South America: Upper Negro, Casiquiare, and Orino-
Amazon River basin highly doubtful. co River basins.
Countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay Countries: Brazil, Venezuela
Remarks and references: See Géry & Lauzanne (1990) for remarks Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 292, 324-325) for
on taxonomy. remarks on the species.
Common names: Dorado (Argentina, Uruguay), Dourado (Brazil),
Pirayú (Argentina, Uruguay)
STICHONODON
Salminus hilarii Valenciennes, 1850 Lütkenia Steindachner, 1876b: 85. Type species: Lütkenia insignis
Salminus hilarii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850: Steindachner, 1876. Type by monotypy. Gender: feminine. Ap-
64. Type locality: Rio San Francisco [Brazil]. Lectotype: MNHN parently preoccupied by Lütkenia Claus, 1864, in Crustacea [not
A.8658, designated by Géry & Lauzanne (1990: 117). investigated], replaced by Stichonodon Eigenmann, 1903.
Brycon erythrura Fowler, 1941: 191, fig. 101. Type locality: Rio Stichonodon Eigenmann, 1903: 146. Type species: Lütkenia insig-
Jaguaribe, Orós, Ceará [Brazil]. Holotype: ANSP 69608. nis Steindachner, 1876. Type by being a replacement name.
Holobrycon iquitensis Nakashima, 1941: 72, fig. Type locality: Gender: masculine. Replacement for Lütkenia Steindachner
Cercanias del Puerto de Iquitos [Peru]. Probably a synonym of 1877, preoccupied by Lutkenia Claus, 1864, in Crustacea [origi-
Salminus hilarii (Géry & Lauzanne, 1990: 116). Type material nal spelling not investigated].
lost (H. Ortega, pers. comm.).
Maximum length: 50 cm SL Stichonodon insignis (Steindachner, 1876)
Distribution: South America: Upper Paraná, São Francisco, and Lütkenia insignis Steindachner, 1876b: 86, pl. 8 (fig. 1). Type
Tocantins River basins; upper Amazon River basin; Orinoco locality: Amazonenstrom bei Tabatinga und Santarem [Brazil].
River basin. Syntypes: (several) NMW; ZSM (1).
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela Maximum length: 8 cm TL
Remarks and references: See Géry & Lauzanne (1990) for remarks Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
on taxonomy. Countries: Brazil
Common names: Dorada (Venezuela), Dorado (Colombia), Dou-
rado (Brazil), Sábalo (Peru), Saltador (Venezuela), Saltadora
156
STYGICHTHYS TRIPORTHEUS
Stygichthys Brittan & Böhlke, 1965: 1. Type species: Stygichthys Chalcinus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1849: 258.
typhlops Brittan & Böhlke, 1965. Type by original designation. Type species: Chalcinus brachipomus Valenciennes, 1849. Type
Gender: masculine. by subsequent designation. Gender: masculine.
Triportheus Cope, 1872b: 263. Type species: Triportheus albus
Stygichthys typhlops Brittan & Böhlke, 1965 Cope, 1872b. Type by subsequent designation. Gender: mascu-
Stygichthys typhlops Brittan & Böhlke, 1965: 2, figs. 1-2. Type line.
locality: Jaiba, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP Coscinoxyron Fowler, 1907: 450. Type species: Chalcinus culter
100891. Cope, 1872b. Type by original designation. Gender: neuter.
Distribution: South America: Upper São Francisco River basin in Triportheus albus Cope, 1872
Minas Gerais State. Triportheus albus Cope, 1872b: 264. Type locality: Ambyiacu
Countries: Brazil [Peru]. Holotype: ANSP 21234.
Remarks and references: Threatened species (Romero & McLeran, Maximum length: 15.1 cm SL
2000). Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, Tocantins-
Araguaia basin.
Countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru
THAYERIA Common names: Sardina (Peru)
Thayeria Eigenmann, 1908: 94. Type species: Thayeria obliquus
Eigenmann, 1908. Type by original designation. Gender: femi- Triportheus angulatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829)
nine. Chalceus angulatus Spix & Agassiz, 1829: 67, pl. 34. Type locali-
ty: in Brasiliae aequinoctialis fluviis. Type specimens (2) proba-
Thayeria boehlkei Weitzman, 1957
bly lost (Kotellat, 1988).
Thayeria boehlkei Weitzman, 1957: 391, fig. 1. Type locality: No
Triportheus flavus Cope, 1872b: 264, pl. 14 (fig. 1). Type locality:
definite locality. Holotype: CAS (ex SU) 149907.
Ambyiacu [Peru]. Lectotype: ANSP 8077 designated by Fowler
(1907: 448).
Distribution: South America: Upper Amazon River basin in Peru
Chalcinus angulatus fuscus Garman, 1890: 4. Type locality: Villa
and Araguaia River in Brazil.
Bella and Lake Hyanuary [Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 21175, MCZ
21202, MCZ 21239, MCZ 21201, MCZ 21241 (22), MCZ
Remarks and references: See Géry (1960, 1964) for notes on tax-
21183, MCZ 21187, MCZ 21189 (10), MCZ 21190, MCZ
onomy and distribution.
21186, MCZ 21191 (15), MCZ 21224 (33), MCZ 21216 (3),
Thayeria ifati Géry, 1959 USNM 120253 (3).
Thayeria ifati Géry, 1959b: 128, figs. 1-3. Type locality: Gaa Chalcinus angulatus vittatus Garman, 1890: 4. Type locality: José
Kaba, Maroni, Guiana, north of the 4 th parallel. Holotype: Fernandez, Villa Bella, Porto do Moz, and Santarem [Brazil].
MHNG 2173.42 (ex Géry 25T05a). Syntypes: MCZ 21175 (22), MCZ 21183 (10), MCZ 21186,
Maximum length: 3.5 cm SL MCZ 21190, MCZ 21191 (10), MCZ 21270 (18).
Distribution: South America: Maroni and Approuague River ba- Maximum length: 16.3 cm SL
sins in French Guiana. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Countries: French Guiana Countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
Common names: Sardinha (Brazil), Sardinha chata (Brazil)
Thayeria obliqua Eigenmann, 1908
Thayeria obliquus Eigenmann, 1908: 94. Type locality: Obidos Triportheus culter (Cope, 1872)
[Amazon River basin, Pará, Brazil]. Syntypes: USNM 120295 Chalcinus culter Cope, 1872b: 265, pl. 14 (fig. 3). Type locality:
(6), MCZ 20841 (20). Ambyiacu [Peru]. Holotype: ANSP 16672.
Thayeria sanctae-mariae Ladiges, 1951: 129, fig. Type locality: Maximum length: 24.5 cm SL
Staate Goyaz (Brasilien) südlich Carolina bei der Ortschaft St. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin.
Maria [Tocantins River basin, Brazil]. Holotype: ZSM. Countries: Brazil, Peru
Maximum length: 7.6 cm SL Common names: Sardina (Peru)
Distribution: South America: Middle Amazon, middle Tocantins,
and Guaporé River basins, Brazil.
Triportheus curtus (Garman, 1890)
Chalcinus angulatus curtus Garman, 1890: 4. Type locality: Pará
Countries: Brazil
and Arary [Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 21264 (1), MCZ 21272 (2).
Remarks and references: See Géry (1960) for notes on taxonomy
and distribution.
THRISSOBRYCON
Thrissobrycon Böhlke, 1953a: 168. Type species: Thrissobrycon Triportheus elongatus (Günther, 1864)
pectinifer Böhlke, 1953. Type by original designation. Gender: Chalcinus elongatus Günther, 1864: 342. Type locality: Unknown.
masculine. Holotype: BMNH 1852.9.13.10.
Chalcinus cruzi Miranda Ribeiro, 1941: 173, fig. 5. Type locality:
Thrissobrycon pectinifer Böhlke, 1953 Not given. Holotype: MNRJ 2775.
Thrissobrycon pectinifer Böhlke, 1953a: 169, fig. 1. Type locality: Chalcinus amazonensis Miranda Ribeiro, 1941: 174. Type locality:
Upper Rio Negro at Cucuhy (São Antonio), Brazil... approx- Rio Amazonas [Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 2771.
imately 1°12’North Latitude, 66°51’West Longitude. Holotype: Chalcinus elongatus iquitensis Nakashima, 1941: 63, fig. Type
SU 16944. locality: Cercanias del puerto de Iquitos [Amazon system, Peru].
Maximum length: 2.85 cm SL Type material lost.
Distribution: South America Upper Negro River basin. Maximum length: 24.2 cm SL
Countries: Brazil Distribution: South America: Trinidad Island; Amazon, Orinoco,
and Essequibo River basins.
157
Countries: Brazil, Ecuador, Guiana, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname
Venezuela. Common names: Moroyo (French Guiana), Sardina (Peru), Sar-
dinha (Brazil), Zareng blanc (French Guiana)
Triportheus guentheri (Garman, 1890)
Chalcinus guentheri Garman, 1890: 4. Type locality: San Francis- Triportheus signatus (Garman, 1890)
co River [Minas Gerais, Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 21173. Esch- Chalcinus angulatus signatus Garman, 1890: 4. Type locality: Rio
meyer et al. (1998: 686) add material from BMNH as being part Puty [Parnaíba River basin, Piauí, Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 21267
of a syntypical series, but Garman (1890: 5) stated: “Taking one (17).
from the San Francisco river as a typical specimen”, which sug- Maximum length: 15.8 cm SL
gests that Garman designated only a specimen from MCZ as typ- Distribution: South America: Parnaíba River basin and some nor-
ical. theartern coastal drainages in Brazil.
Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin.
Countries: Brazil Triportheus trifurcatus (Castelnau, 1855)
Common name: sardinha, peituda (Brazil) Chalcinus trifurcatus Castelnau, 1855: 70, pl. 37 (fig. 1). Type
locality: l’Araguay [Brazil]. Holotype: MNHN A.9837. Possibly
Triportheus magdalenae (Steindachner, 1878) a synonym of Triportheus angulatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829)
Chalcinus magdalenae Steindachner, 1878: 91. Type locality: (Garman, 1890: 3).
Cienaga... Magdalenen-strom [Colombia]. Syntypes: NMW Maximum length: 16.5 cm SL
69151-54, ZMUC 87. Distribution: South America: Tocantins-Araguaia River basin.
Countries: Colombia Species inquirendae
Chalcinus auritus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:
Triportheus nematurus (Kner, 1858) 262. Type locality: l’Amazone [Brazil]. Types unknown.
Chalcinus nematurus Kner, 1858b: 163. Type locality: not men- Chalcinus muellerii De Filippi, 1853: 165. Type locality: Rio
tioned in original description [Cujaba, Suaguragua und Caiçara Napo. Holotype: MZUT 160. Name emended as Chalcinus muel-
Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 16171 (1), NMW 62689 (2), NMW leri. Possibly a synonym of Triportheus angulatus (Spix & Agas-
69034 (1), NMW 69694 (2). Type locality provided by Kner siz, 1829) (Garman, 1890: 3).
(1860: 7). Chalcinus knerii Steindachner, 1876b: 98, pl. 12 (fig. 4). Type
Salmo clupeoides Kner, 1860: 15. Name not available, published locality: Amazonestrom (bei Teffé?) [Brazil]. Possibly a syn-
in the synonymy of Triportheus nematurus. onym of Triportheus albus Cope,1872 (Garman, 1890: 6). Syn-
Maximum length: 15.8 cm SL types not found at NMW.
Distribution: South America: Paraná-Paraguay River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Paraguay
TUCANOICHTHYS
Triportheus paranensis (Günther, 1874) Tucanoichthys Géry & Römer, 1997: 66. Type species: Tucanoich-
Chalcinus paranensis Günther, 1874: 454. Type locality: River thys tucano Géry & Romer, 1997. Type by original designation.
Parana. Holotype: BMNH 1872.5.6.32. Gender: masculine.
Tucanoichthys tucano Géry & Römer, 1997
Distribution: South America: La Plata and Paraná-Paraguay River
Tucanoichthys tucano Géry & Römer, 1997: 66, fig. 1. Type local-
basins.
ity: brook emptying into Igarapé Yavuari, a tributary of Rio
Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Uaupés, upper Rio Negro basin, Amazonas, Brazil, 0°14’31”N,
Triportheus pictus (Garman, 1890) 68°03’48”W. Holotype: MZUSP 51321.
Chalcinus pictus Garman, 1890: 5. Type locality: Jutahy [tributary Maximum length: 1.655 cm SL
of Solimões River, Amazonas, Brazil]. Distribution: South America: Uaupés River in upper Negro River
Holotype: MCZ 21261. basin.
Countries: Brazil, Peru TYTTOBRYCON
Tyttobrycon Géry, 1973: 117. Type species: Tyttobrycon xeruini
Triportheus rotundatus (Jardine, 1841) Géry, 1973. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
Chalceus rotundatus Jardine in Schomburgk, 1841: 209. Type
locality: River Padauiri [Padauari River, a tributary of the Negro Tyttobrycon dorsimaculatus Géry, 1973
River, Amazonas, Brazil]. Types unknown. Tyttobrycon dorsimaculatus Géry, 1973: 118, fig. 20. Type locali-
Chalcinus brachipomus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, ty: “Hoffmann Lagune” on the rio Chaparé, tributary of the rio
1850: 259. Type locality: La Mana, l’Esséquibo R. Syntypes: Mamoré (into rio Madeira) below Todos Santos, Central Bolivia,
MNHN 5402 (2), MNHN A.9836 (1), MNHN A.9916 (5). approximately 16°45’S. and 65°07’. Holotype: Museum A. Koe-
Chalcinus rotundatus Nakashima, 1941: 65. Type locality: Cerca- nig, uncat.
nias del puerto de Iquitos [Amazon system, Peru]. Type material Maximum length: 1.95 cm SL
lost. Appeared as Chalcinus rotundatus in main heading and as Distribution: South America: Chapare River basin.
Chalcinus rotundatus iquitensis in figure caption; intention of Countries: Bolivia
author unclear.
Chalcinus rotundatus iquitensis Nakashima, 1941: 65. Type locali- Tyttobrycon hamatus Géry, 1973
ty: Cercanias del puerto de Iquitos [Amazon system, Peru]. Type Tyttobrycon hamatus Géry, 1973: 129, fig. 31. Type locality:
material lost. (See remarks of Chalcinus rotundatus). Upper Amazon basin, Loreto District of Peru, in some tributary
Maximum length: 17.8 cm SL of the Maranon not far from Iquitos (precise locality unknown).
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin and coastal Holotype: MHNG 2172.30.
rivers of the Guianas. Maximum length: 1.69 cm SL
158
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin. Charax notatus Meuschen, 1778: 38. Type locality: ?. Holotype: ?
Countries: Peru [Not available, published in a rejected work (Opinion 260)].
Charax serratus Gronow in Gray, 1854: 155. Type locality: Suri-
Tyttobrycon spinosus Géry, 1973 nam. Holotype: ?.
Tyttobrycon spinosus Géry, 1973: 121, fig. 23. Type locality: Ctenobrycon multifasciatus Steindachner in Eigenmann, 1910:
brook between upper rios Chaparé and Chimoré (or Ichilo), tribu- 435. [Not available, name and locality but no description; a sup-
taries of the rio Mamoré (into rio Madeira), east of Todos Santos, posed Steindachner species, but no reference cited].
Central Bolivia, approximately 16°47’S and 65°W. Holotype: Exodon guyanensis Puyo, 1948: 78, fig. 1. Type locality: not spe-
Museum A. Koenig, uncat. cified [French Guiana]. Three syntypes probably lost. Neotype
Maximum length: 2.05 cm SL designation by Géry (1959c: 347) invalid (ICZN Art. 75.2).
Distribution: South America: Mamoré River basin. Knodus albolineatus Holly, 1929: 117. Type locality: Piquirão,
Countries: Bolivia Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: ?.
Hyphessobrycon latus Fowler, 1941: 185, fig. 95. Type locality:
Tyttobrycon xeruini Géry, 1973 Forteleza, Ceará [= Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil]. Holotype: ANSP
Tyttobrycon xeruini Géry, 1973: 126, fig. 27. Type locality: Mid- 69578. Apparently a Cheirodontinae (H.A. Britski, pers. comm.)
dle rio Negro basin, rio Novo, tributary of the rio Xeruini [Bra- Salmo (dentado) denticulosus Larrañaga, 1923: 378. Type Locali-
zil]. Holotype: MHNG 2229.10. ty: Uruguay. Holotype: ?.
Maximum length: 2.26 cm SL Salmo denticulosus vel 26-radiatus Larrañaga, 1923: 388. Type-
Distribution: South America: Negro River basin. locality: Uruguay. Holotype: ?.
Countries: Brazil Salmo ovatus Larrañaga, 1923: 388. Type locality; Uruguay. Holo-
type: ?.
XENAGONIATES Salmo sachicanga Kner, 1860: 51. Not available, name mentioned
Xenagoniates Myers, 1942: 90. Type species: Xenagoniates bondi in passing under Cynopotamus humeralis Valenciennes.
Myers, 1942. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine. Salmo sau-à Netterer in Kner, 1859: 174: Type locality: Cuiaba
und Gujana. Holotype: ?.
Xenagoniates bondi Myers, 1942 Salmo 30-radiatus Larrañaga, 1923: 388. Type-locality: Uruguay.
Xenagoniates bondi Myers, 1942: 90, fig. 1. Type locality: Rio Holotype: ?.
Amana, 6 km. east of Santa Barbara and 35 km. west of Maturin, Tetragonopterus (Astyanax) riveti Pellegrin, 1907: 25. Type locali-
Venezuela. Holotype: SU 36486. ty: Rio Pove, Santo Domingo de los Colorados (560 mètres
Maximum length: 6 cm SL d’altitud, versant du Pacifique) [Équateur]. Holotype: MNHN
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin and coastal 1904-22.
drainages of Venezuela and Colombia. Tetragonopterus anomalus Steindachner, 1891a: 173. Type locali-
Countries: Colombia, Venezuela ty: Río Paraná at Corrientes, Argentina. Holotype: NMW 57643.
Remarks and references: See Taphorn (1992: 355-356) for notes Tetragonopterus artedii Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
on ecology of the species. 1850: 128. Type locality: not stated in original description. Syn-
Common names: Long-finned glass tetra (USA) types: MNHN (ex. “Cabinet du Stathouder); “Musée de Leyde”.
Tetragonopterus astictus Ulrey, 1894: 611. Type locality: Brazil.
GENUS INQUIRENDUM Holotype: whereabouts unknown.
Gnathoplax Myers, 1960: 209. Type species: Exodon guyanensis Tetragonopterus branickii Steindachner, 1879c: 151. Type locali-
Puyo, 1948. Type by original designation. Gender: feminine. ty: Zurumilla [Ecuador]. Syntypes: NMW 57258 (2).
Tetragonopterus fischeri Steindachner, 1879c: 151. Type locality:
Río Mamoni, Panama.
SPECIES INQUIRENDAE Tetragonopterus fuscoauratus Castelnau, 1855: 66, pl. 33 (fig. 2).
Astyanax notemigonoides Fowler, 1911b: 506, fig. 4. Type locali- Type locality: environs de Bahia [Brazil]. Syntypes: MNHN A-
ty: Affluent of the Chimbo River near Bucay, Province of 9821 (8).
Guayas, Ecuador. Holotype: ANSP 39110. Tetragonopterus gibbosus Steindachneri, 1877: 562, pl. 1 (fig. 1).
Astyanax scierus Fowler, 1911b: 509, fig. 5. Type locality: Afflu- Type locality: Parahyaba [Brazil]. Holotype: ?
ent of the Chimbo River near Bucay, Province of Guayas, Ecua- Tetragonopterus (Hemibrycon) trinitatis Lütken, 1875b: 234. Type
dor. Holotype: ANSP 39065. locality: Trinidad Island, West Indies.
Chalceus fasciatus Jardine & Schomburgk in Schomburgk, 1841: Tetragonopterus huberi Steindachner, 1909: 172. Type locality:
215. Type locality: Rio Padauiri...also in the Curantu. Holotype: Purus, Amazonas [Brazil]. Holotype: ?
?. Tetragonopterus microstoma Günther, 1864: 323. Type locality:
Chalceus latus Jardine & Schomburgk in Schomburgk, 1841: 214. Bahia [Brazil].
Type locality: Padauiri, a tributary of the Rio Negro. Holotype: ?. Tetragonopterus ortonii Gill, 1870: 92. Type locality: Unlisted
Chalceus taeniatus Jardine & Schomburgk in Schomburgk, 1841: locality from “Maranon, or Upper Amazon, and Río Napo Riv-
210. Type locality: River Essequibo...Rios Negro and Branco. ers”.
Holotype: ?. Tetragonopterus ortonii Gill in Cope, 1870: 566. [Name only, not
Characinus curimata La Cepède, 1803: 271. Type locality: Suri- available].
nam. Holotype: ?. Tetragonopterus rhomboidalis Posada, 1909: 302. Type locality:
Characinus piabucu La Cepède, 1803: 269. Type locality: South Medellín, Colombia. No types known.
America. Holotype: ?. Tetragonopterus rufipes Valenciennes, 1842: no p., pl. 11 (fig. 1).
Charax cyprinoides Meuschen, 1778: 38. [Not available, published Type locality: Not listed in original description (plate) [Buenos
in a rejected work (Opinion 260)]. Aires, Argentina]. Syntypes: MNHN A-9808 (3).
Charax fasciata Swainson, 1839: 222. Type locality: ?. Holotype: Tetragonopterus santaremensis Ulrey, 1894: 610. Type locality:
? [Based on Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1839 pl. 144]. Santarém [Brazil]. Syntypes: 10 specimens, SU 2167 (2).
Charax gracilis Gronow in Gray, 1854: 154. Type locality: Tropi- Tetragonopterus sardina Posada, 1909: 302. Type locality: Me-
cal America. Holotype: ?. dellín, Colombia. No types known.
Charax leucometopon Zuiew, 1786: 275. Type locality: ?. Holo- Tetragonopterus sawa Castelnau, 1855: 65, pl. 33 (fig. 1). Type
type: ?. locality: rio Crixas qui se jette dans L’Araguay [Brazil]. Holo-
159
type: MNHN A.9819. poldensia, 16 (1): 51-80.
Tetragonopterus schomburgkii Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valen- Bizerril, C.R.S.F. and R.M.C. Araujo. 1992. Description d’une
ciennes, 1850: 137. Type locality: Essequibo [Guyana]. Holo- nouvelle espèce du genre Bryconamericus (Characidae, Tetra-
type: MNHN A.9812 (poor condition). gonopterinae) du Brésil oriental. Rev. Fr. Aquariol., 19 (3): 65-
68.
Bizerril, C.R.S.F. and P.R. Peres-Neto. 1995. Redescription of
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168

Dokumen - Pub Check List of The Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America 1nbsped 8574303615 9788574303611

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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of

South and Central America

Carl J. Ferraris, Jr.

Porto Alegre, 2003

Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul

Pró Reitor de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação

Diretor do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia

Conselho Editorial Edipucrs

Copyright © 2003 Edipucrs

1. Ictiologia. 2. Peixes de Água Doce – Taxonomia. 3. Peixes de Água

Foreword iii Anguilliformes

By F. C. T. Lima, L. R. Malabarba, P. A. Buckup, Loricariidae 318

James S. Albert P.O. Box 1429 Museu Nacional

Brazil Sonia Fisch-Muller Sweden

Universidade do Tocantins - Campus Jørgen G. Nielsen Roberto E. Reis

Switzerland National Museum of Natural History Brazil

What is CLOFFSCA? What matters in this world is not only economic

FAMILY VALID UNDESC TOTAL FAMILY VALID UNDESC TOTAL

Summary of Information Included however, include species which are predominantly

Genera Incertae Sedis in Characidae

Aphyocharacidium melandetum (Eigenmann, 1912) masculine.

Astyanacinus moorii (Boulenger, 1892) Astyanax angustifrons (Regan, 1908)

Astyanax jenynsii (Steindachner, 1877) Astyanax lineatus (Perugia, 1891)

Astyanax mexicanus (De Filippi, 1853) Astyanax obscurus (Hensel, 1870)

Astyanax orthodus Eigenmann, 1907 Astyanax robustus Meek, 1912

Astyanax paraguayensis (Fowler, 1918) Astyanax ruberrimus Eigenmann, 1913

Bryconamericus megalepis Fowler, 1941 Bryconamericus ornaticeps Bizerril & Peres-Neto,

Bryconamericus pectinatus Vari & Siebert, 1990 MZUT 1527 (many).

Bryconamericus rubropictus (Berg, 1901) Bryconamericus ternetzi Myers, 1928

Bryconops disruptus Machado-Allison & Chernoff,

Bryconops durbini (Eigenmann, 1908) Buckup, 1996

Bryconops humeralis Machado-Allison, Chernoff & CARLASTYANAX

Deuterodon singularis Lucena & Lucena, 1992

Deuterodon longirostris (Steindachner, 1907) EXODON

GENYCHARAX Gymnocorymbus bondi (Fowler, 1911)

Hemigrammus iota Durbin, 1909 Hemigrammus maxillaris (Fowler, 1932)

Hyphessobrycon hasemani Fowler, 1913 Hyphessobrycon iheringi Fowler, 1941

Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi Géry, 1961 Hyphessobrycon loretoensis Ladiges, 1938

Hyphessobrycon maculicauda Ahl, 1936 Hyphessobrycon micropterus (Eigenmann, 1915)

Hyphessobrycon roseus (Géry, 1960) Hyphessobrycon socolofi Weitzman, 1977

Hyphessobrycon uruguayensis (Fowler, 1943) INPAICHTHYS

Knodus chapadae (Fowler, 1906) Knodus orteguasae (Fowler, 1943)

Knodus septentrionalis Géry, 1972 Lignobrycon myersi (Miranda Ribeiro, 1956)

Microschemobrycon casiquiare Böhlke, 1953 MOENKHAUSIA

Moenkhausia ceros Eigenmann, 1908 Moenkhausia costae (Steindachner, 1907)

Moenkhausia doceana (Steindachner, 1877) Moenkhausia hasemani Eigenmann, 1917

Moenkhausia nigromarginata Costa, 1994 Moenkhausia pyrophthalma Costa, 1994

Moenkhausia surinamensis Géry, 1965 NEMATOBRYCON

NEMATOCHARAX Oligosarcus argenteus Günther, 1864

Oligosarcus acutirostris Menezes, 1987 Oligosarcus macrolepis (Steindachner, 1877)

Paracheirodon innesi (Myers, 1936)

Pseudochalceus kyburzi Schultz, 1966 Rhinobrycon negrensis Myers, 1944

Pseudochalceus lineatus Kner, 1863 Rhinopetitia myersi Géry, 1964

Pseudochalceus longianalis Géry, 1972 Roeboexodon geryi Myers, 1960

SALMINUS (Venezuela), Sauta (Venezuela), Tabarana (Brazil), Tubarana

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