New Freshwater Fish Species Described

International Journal of Innovative Studies in Aquatic Biology and Fisheries (IJISABF)
Volume 2, Issue 5, 2016, PP 20-24
ISSN 2454-7662 (Print) & ISSN 2454-7670 (Online)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-7670.0205004
www.arcjournals.org
©ARC Page 20
Rasbora ataenia, a new freshwater fish from Kerala, India
Dr. Mathews Plamoottil
HOD & Asst. Professor in Zoology, Baby John Memorial Govt. College,
Chavara, Kollam, Kerala, India.
urn: lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C37FECC8-AF36-49F5-89FE-274C38DAD3DE
urn: lsid:zoobank.org:act:F3E83D0B-537E-4FEC-953F-836763E82CE8
Received Date: 8 July 2016 Accepted Date: 25 October 2016 Published Date: 29 December 2016
Abstract: Taxonomic analysis of five specimens of a cyprinid fish collected from Alappuzha, Kerala, India
revealed that they present several taxonomic differences from their congeners. The new species, Rasbora
ataenia, is diagnosed by a combination of the following characters: dorsal fin with seven branched rays, anal
fin with five branched rays, body slender and without any lateral color stripe, head deeper and snout shorter.
Keywords: Taxonomy, New description, Cyprinids, Rasbora dandia, Alappuzha.
Abbreviations: ZSI/NERC- Zoological Survey of India, North Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong; ZSI/ SRC-
Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre; Chennai; BDD- Body depth at dorsal fin origin; HD-
Head depth; INW- Inter narial width;
1. INTRODUCTION
Species of genus Rasbora includes small freshwater fishes found in Southeast Asia and Africa. The
genus includes 120 valid species [1]. Brittan [2], in his revision of Rasbora, considered it as a
subgenus and classified it into eight ‘species complexes’. Howes [3] presented an osteological
treatment of the genus. Subsequent workers suggested several new genera namely Boraras,
Brevibora, Horadandia, Kottelatia, Rasboroides, Trigonopoma and Trigonostigma for some lineages
within Rasbora [4]; [5], [1]. Brittan’s [2] classification was later revised by Kottelat & Vidthayanon
[4]; they introduced the category ‘species group’, instead of ‘species complex’ which had been widely
used by most of the later scientists. Siebert & Guiry [6], Kottelat [7] and Liao et al. [1] also conducted
revisionary works on the genus.
Species of the genus Rasbora are aquarium fishes. Their body is elongated, abdomen rounded, lower
jaw with a well developed symphysal process followed by a deep notch, well developed pectoral axial
lobe attached to postcleithrum, dorsal fin inserted behind the origin of pelvic fins and lateral line fairly
concave and passes through lower half of the flanks. The Rasbora species collected from Alappuzha
possess the characters of the genus but bear many differences from its congeners; so it is described
here as a new species Rasbora ataenia.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Measurements were made point to point with dial calipers and data recorded to tenths of a millimeter.
Counts and measurements were made on the left side of specimens whenever possible. Subunits of the
head are presented as proportions of Head Length (HL); head length and measurements of body parts
are given as proportions of Standard Length (SL). Methods used are those of Jayaram [7].

Mathews Plamoottil
International Journal of Innovative Studies in Aquatic Biology and Fisheries (IJISABF) Page 21
3. RESULTS
Rasbora ataeina, sp. Nov
Fig 1. A collection of R. ataenia from type locality; Fig 2. R. ataenia, Paratype, V/F/NERC/ 4056
Fig 3. A fresh specimen of Rasbora ataenia, Holotype, V/F/NERC/ 4055
Table 1. Morphometric characters of Rasbora ataenia
Sl.
No.
Character Holotype Range Mean SD
1 Total length (mm) 99.50 87.0- 112.0 98.1 9.4
2 Standard Length (mm) 77.50 67.0- 89.0 77.1 8.1
Percentage of Standard Length
3 Head Length 29.00 29.0- 31.3 29.5 0.9
4 Head Depth 18.10 16.4- 18.1 16.9 0.6
5 Head Width 12.90 12.9- 13.9 13.3 0.3
6 Body depth at dorsal fin origin 20.60 19.4- 21.7 20.5 0.9
7 Body depth at anal fin origin 18.10 14.9- 18.1 16.2 1.6
8 Body width at dorsal fin origin 16.10 13.4- 16.1 14.7 1.3
9 Body width at anal fin origin 10.30 9.7- 10.3 10.0 0.3
10 Pre occipital distance 19.30 17.9- 19.3 18.4 0.7
11 Distance from occiput to dorsal fin 37.40 34.3- 37.4 35.5 1.6

Rasbora Ataenia, A New Freshwater Fish from Kerala, India
12 Pre dorsal distance 56.80 52.8- 56.8 54.4 2.0
13 Post dorsal distance 45.20 41.8- 48.3 45.1 3.2
14 Pre pectoral distance 25.80 25.8- 28.4 26. 7 1.5
15 Pre pelvic distance 51.60 51.5- 51.7 51.6 0.1
16 Pre anal distance 74.80 74.8- 77.6 76.2 1.4
17 Height of dorsal fin 20.60 16.4- 20.8 19.2 2.4
18 Length of pectoral fin 16.80 16.8- 19.4 18.0 1.1
19 Length of pelvic fin 16.80 12.3- 17.9 15.6 2.9
20 Length of anal fin 16.80 16.4- 17.4 16.8 0.5
21 Length of caudal fin 28.40 25.8- 29.8 27.6 1.5
22 Length of base of dorsal fin 9.00 9.0- 11.9 9.9 1.6
23 Length of base of anal fin 7.10 7.1- 10.4 8.4 1.7
24 Length of base of caudal fin 14.20 12.3- 14.2 13.3 0.9
25 Length of caudal peduncle 16.80 16.7- 16.9 16.8 0
26 Depth of caudal peduncle 13.50 13.4- 13.6 13.5 0
27 Width of caudal peduncle 5.80 5.6- 5.8 5.7 0.1
28 Depth of caudal peduncle/ length of
caudal peduncle
80.70 80.0- 80.7 80.3 0.4
29 Distance from pectoral to pelvic 27.10 27.1- 28.1 27.6 0.7
30 Distance from pelvic to anal fin 23.20 23.2- 25.8 24.5 1.8
31 Distance from anal to caudal fin 23.20 23.2- 27.0 25.1 2.6
32 Distance from anal to vent 2.60 2.6- 4.5 3.5 1.3
33 Distance from ventral to vent 20.6 20.6- 21.3 20.9 0.4
34 Head Length (mm) 22.5 21.0- 26.0 19.2 1.5
Percentage of Head Length
35 Head depth 62.2 58.4- 62.2 59.9 3.1
36 Head width 44.4 44.4- 46.1 45.2 1.2
37 Eye diameter 26.7 23.1- 28.6 25.5 2.5
38 Inter orbital width 35.6 34.6- 35.6 35.1 0.7
39 Inter narial width 31.1 27.0- 31.1 29.0 2.8
40 Snout length 26.7 26.1- 28.6 27.2 0.9
41 Width of gape of mouth 26.7 26.5- 26.7 26.6 0.1
42 Pre occipital distance 66.70 61.5- 66.7 64.1 0.1
43 Distance from occiput to dorsal front 128.90 119.2- 128.9 124.0 6.8
Holotype: V/F/NERC/ 4055, 77.5 mm SL, small freshwater stream at Alappuzha, (9.4981º N,
76.3388º E) Kerala, India, coll. Mathews Plamoottil, 20.08. 2015.
Paratypes: V/F/NERC/ 4056, 4 examples, 67.0 mm SL- 89.0 mm SL, small freshwater stream at
Alappuzha (9.4981º N, 76.3388º E), Kerala, India, coll. Mathews Plamoottil, 20. 08. 15.
3.1.Diagnosis
A medium sized Rasbora without any lateral color stripe; body is slender (depth 19.4 - 21.7 % SL),
have 7 branched rays in dorsal fin, 5 branched rays in anal fin, shorter (26.1- 28.6 % HL) snout and
deeper head (HD 58.4- 62.2 % HL).
3.2.Description
General body shape and appearance is shown in Figure 1.Morphometric data as shown in Table 1.
Body elongated; dorsal profile nearly straight; ventral profile convex; Eyes situated, on the upper
lateral side, considerably behind and above the angle of jaws, protruding above the surface of head
and distinctly visible from below the ventral side; lower border of orbit just touch the level of angle of
jaws. Inter orbital region nearly straight. Nostrils inserted on the middle of orbit and snout tip. Snout
distinctly pointed. Mouth superior and upturned. Jaws unequal, lower jaw longer than upper jaw;
width of gape of mouth equals to inter narial width. Lower jaw symphysial knob present; it is not
prominent. Operculum rigid and moderately hard. Dorsal fin inserted, behind the insertion of pelvic
fin, nearer to caudal base than snout tip. Its outer margin slightly convex; dorsal fin with 2 undivided
and 7 branched rays; last dorsal ray branched to root and articulating on same pterygiophore. Dorsal
fin shorter than head and longer than all other fins. Pectoral tip never reach ventral fin origin; its outer
margin slightly concave; pectoral fin shorter than head and dorsal fin. Ventral fin originates just in
front of dorsal origin; tip of it never reach vent. Upper margin of ventral fin convex. Ventral fin with 1

Mathews Plamoottil
undivided 7- 8 branched rays; Auxiliary scale present on the side of pelvic fin; it is delicate, feeble
and shorter than orbit diameter. Anal fin originates below the tip of dorsal fin; with 2 undivided and 5
branched rays; its tip never reach caudal base; considerable distance in between anal fin origin and
vent; length of base of anal fin shorter than that of dorsal fin; lateral line passes through lowest part of
flanks; caudal fin equally lobed and with 19 principal rays.
Lateral line scales 31 to 32; 1 scale on the base of caudal fin; pre dorsal scales 13; scales between
lateral line and ventral fin 1½; scales between lateral line and dorsal fin ½ 4½; pre pelvic scales 7- 8;
pre anal scales 16.
3.3.Coloration
Lateral and ventral sides silvery; dorsal side blackish green; dorsal fin orange; pectoral and pelvic fin
hyaline; anal fin yellowish; caudal fin greenish yellow. A faint black dotted line present on the head
from tip of snout to operculum;
3.4.Etymology
Feminine Latin noun 'taenia' meaning ribbon or band; prefix ‘a’ means ‘without’; the name
'ataenia' used here in reference to the absence of a mid lateral color band on the body of the new fish.
3.5.Distribution
Currently known to occur only at its type locality in Kerala, India.
4. DISCUSSION
According to Vishwanath & Laisram [8] five species of Rasbora are known from India, namely, R.
caverii (Jerdon), R. daniconius (Hamilton), R. labiosa Mukerji, R. rasbora (Hamilton) and R.
ornatus. Silva et al [9] revised the Rasbora of Sri lanka based on osteological observations and
opined that 4 species of Rasbora are residing in the water bodies of India namely, Rasbora daniconius
(Hamilton), Rasbora rasbora (Hamilton), Rasbora dandia Valenciennes and R. microcephalus
(Jerdon). They also showed that Leuciscus flavus Jerdon, L. caverii Jerdon, L. xanthogramme Jerdon,
L. malabaricus, Rasbora neilgherriensis Day and R. woolaree Day as junior synonyms of R. dandia.
By a careful examination, it was found that, Rasbora dandia, R. daniconius, R. rasbora and
R.microcephalus are the close congeners of Rasbora ataenia. Rasbora ataenia differs from R. dandia
(Valenciennes) described from Sri Lanka in having a slender body (Body height 19.4- 21.7 % SL vs.
23.4- 29.5), shorter (26.1- 28.6 % HL` vs. 31.1- 36.4) snout, deeper head (Head height 58.4- 62.2 %
HL vs. 50.6- 57.9) and lesser (7 vs. 8) branched rays in dorsal fin, pectoral fin (11 vs. 12- 14) and anal
fin (5 vs. 6). The new species can further be distinguished from Rasbora dandia in lacking (vs.
having a deep color stripe in R. dandia) any lateral color band on body. The new species differs from
Rasbora daniconius [10] of Ganges River in having a complete (vs. incomplete) lateral line, superior
(vs. terminal) mouth and in lacking (vs. having) any lateral color band. Rasbora ataenia can be
distinguished from R. rasbora in having a slender body (BDD 19.4- 21.7 % SL vs. 26.0- 30.0 in R.
rasbora), longer head (HL 29.0- 31.3 % SL vs.22.0- 26.0) and a fewer (13 vs. 15) pre dorsal scales.
The new species can be distinguished from Rasbora microcephalus [11], in having lesser lateral line
scales (31- 32 vs. 30), fewer (13 vs. 15- 16) pre dorsal scales, higher (HD 58.4- 62.2 % HL vs. 47.0-
53.5) head, widely (INW 27.0- 31.1 % HL vs. 18.0- 23.8) set nares and slender (19.4- 21.7 % SL vs.
22.5- 26.6) body. Unlike the new species, Rasbora microcephalus have a silvery lateral stripe. The
new species differs from Rasbora labiosa Mukerji in having lesser lateral line scales (31- 32 vs. 33-
35) and pre dorsal scales (13 vs. 15) and also in lacking (vs. having) a lateral color stripe. The new
species differs from Leuciscus xanthogramme Jerdon in having larger eyes (ED 23.1- 28.6 % HL vs.
20), 31- 32 (vs. 30) lateral line scales, 9 (vs. 8) dorsal fin rays, 7 (vs. 6) anal fin rays and both caudal
lobes equal (vs. lower lobe longer). The new species can be demarcated from Leuciscus malabaricus
Jerdon in having 9 (vs. 10) rays in dorsal fin and in lacking (vs. having a blue color band) a mid
lateral color band. Rasbora ataenia can be distinguished from Leuciscus cauverii Jerdon and L. flavus
Jerdon (1849) in having 31- 32 (vs. 30) lateral line scales, 7 (vs. 6) rays in anal fin and in lacking (vs.
having) a mid lateral color band.
5. CONCLUSION
Rasboras are common freshwater fishes of Kerala. They are beautiful aquarium fishes. Even though
many surveys and certain biological studies were conducted on these fishes, systematic studies were

Rasbora Ataenia, A New Freshwater Fish from Kerala, India
found to be rare. For a long time, Rasbora species of the Kerala were considered as Rasbora
daniconius, which was originally described from West Bengal. Silva et al [9], in their revision of
Rasbora, showed that majority of Rasbora species of Kerala are Rasbora dandia. Now a new
Rasbora is being discovered and named from Kerala, especially without a lateral color band on it. It is
interesting to state that it is after one and half century a new species of this genus reaching to
scientific world from Kerala. It is expected that many new Rasboras will be discovered in the coming
days from the state.
6. COMPARATIVE MATERIALS EXAMINED
Rasbora rasbora (Hamilton-Buchanan): F. 2107/2 ZSI, Dharikati, 31,12 miles R. Bharati near Lokra
(Balipara F. track, Assam). Dr. S.L. Hora; Rasbora caverii (Jerdon): ZSI/ SRC F 5672, 1 ex, 83.0
mm SL, Thoovanam, coll. M. S. Ravichandran, 24.02. 1998; Rasbora dandia: PCM 21, 30 cm, coll.
Mathews Plamoottil; Rasbora microcephalus: From original description by Jerdon (1849) and from
review of Sri Lankan Rasbora by Silva et al. (2010). Rasbora labiosa Mukerji: ZSI/ SRC/ F7455,
30.0 mm SL. Leuciscus xanthogramme, Leuciscus malabaricus and Leuciscus flavus: From original
description by Jerdon (1849).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author acknowledges Principal, Baby John Memorial Government College, Chavara, Kerala for
providing the facilities. I am grateful to anonymous reviewers for comments that helped to improve
the manuscript. The author is greatly indebted to Dr. Richard Pyle, database coordinator and associate
zoologist in ichthyology, Department of Natural Sciences, Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
REFERENCES
[1] Liao, T.Y., Kullander, S.O. & Fang, F. Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Rasbora (Teleostei:
Cyprinidae). Zoologica Scripta, 2010, 39, 155–176.
[2] Brittan, M. A revision of the Indo-Malayan freshwater fish genus Rasbora. Monographs of the
Institute of Science and Technology, Manila, 1954, 3: 1- 224.
[3] Howes, G. J. The anatomy and phylogeny and classification of the bariline cyprinid fishes. Bull.
Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool). 1980, 37 (3): 129- 198.
[4] Kottelat, M. & Vidthayanon, C. Boraras micros, a new genus and species of minute freshwater
fish from Thailand (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 1993, 4,
161–176.
[5] Kottelat, M. and Whitten, A. Freshwater fishes of western Indonasia ans Sulaasi. Hong Kong,
Periplus, 1993, xxxviii+ 221
[6] Siebert, D.J. & Guiry, S. Rasbora johannae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), a new species of the R.
trifasciata-complex from Kalimantan, Indonesia. Cybium, 1996, 20, 395–404.
[7] Jayaram, KC. Fundamentals of fish taxonomy. Narendra publishing House, Delhi, 2002, 53-65.
[8] Vishwanath, W. and Laisram, J. A new species of Rasbora Bleeker (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)
from Manipur, India. Journal of Bombay natural History Society. 2004, 101 (3): 429- 432.
[9] Silva, A, Maduwage, K. and Pethiyagoda, R. A review of the genus Rasbora in Sri lanka with
description of two new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of
Freshwaters. 2010, 21 (1): 27- 50.
[10] Hamilton F. An account of fishes found in the River Ganges and its branches. Edinburgh Hurst,
Robinson & Co, London, 1822, 312-389.
[11] Jerdon, T. C, On the freshwater fishes of southern India. Madras Journal of Literature and
Science, . 1849, 15: 302- 346.

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