Conspectus cobitidum - Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research

THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2012 

THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2012 Supplement No. 26: 1–199 

Date of Publication: 28 Dec.2012 

© National University of Singapore and the author 

CONSPECTUS COBITIDUM*: 

AN INVENTORY OF THE LOACHES OF THE WORLD 

(TELEOSTEI: CYPRINIFORMES: COBITOIDEI) 

Maurice Kottelat 

Case postale 57, CH-2952 Cornol, Switzerland (address for correspondence), and 

Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 

6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Republic of Singapore. 

E-mail: mkottelat@dplanet.ch 

CONTENTS 

Abstract ...................................................................................................................... 1 

Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3 

Name-bearing types ................................................................................................... 6 

Ending and spelling of species names ....................................................................... 8 

Abbreviations used .................................................................................................. 12 

Family Gyrinocheilidae ........................................................................................... 14 

Family Botiidae ....................................................................................................... 14 

Family Vaillantellidae .............................................................................................. 21 

Family Cobitidae ..................................................................................................... 21 

Family Ellopostomatidae......................................................................................... 43 

Family Barbuccidae................................................................................................. 43 

Family Balitoridae ................................................................................................... 44 

Family Gastromyzontidae ....................................................................................... 57 

Family Serpenticobitidae......................................................................................... 73 

Family Nemacheilidae ............................................................................................. 74 

Appendix: New genus-group and family-group names ........................................ 137 

Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 141 

Bibliography .......................................................................................................... 142 

Index ...................................................................................................................... 175 

ABSTRACT. — The taxonomy and nomenclature of the fishes of the superfamily Cobitoidea 

(suborder Cobitoidei minus Catostomidae) are reviewed. Original descriptions of all 1499 

recorded species-group names and 185 genus-group names have been checked for correct spelling, 

types and bibliographic references. The bibliography includes about 1010 titles. 1043 valid 

species in 111 valid genera are recognised. Synonymies are given, based on published information 

as well as unpublished observations. Endings consistent with the three possible Latin grammatical 

* Cobitidum is formed on the common name cobites or cobitis, meaning loaches in general, and not on the formal name of 

the suborder Cobitoidei. 

1

Kottelat: Conspectus cobitidum 

genders of genus-group names are indicated for all species-group names; basic tools are provided 

to establish the correct endings in most simple cases. The main nomenclatural acts are: 

– new family-group names: Serpenticobitidae, Barbuccidae; 

– new genera: Ambastaia (type species: Botia nigrolineata), Theriodes (type species: 

Acanthophthalmus sandakanensis), Speonectes (type species: Sundoreonectes tiomanensis); 

– lectotype designation: Cobitis stephanidisi (sensu Economidis, 1992); 

– declaration as nomen protectum: Cobitis biwae; 

– declaration as nomen oblitum: Cobitis schlegeli; 

– first reviser action on precedence of simultaneous synonyms: Parabotia kimluani over P. 

vancuongi, Cobitis taenia turcica over Cobitinula anatoliae, Sewellia medius over S. grandis, 

Parasewellia monolobata over P. polylobata, Cobitis turio over C. bilturio, Triplophysa 

bashanensis over T. longchiensis, Yunnanilus macrositanus over Y. forkicaudalis; 

– first reviser action on correct spelling of: Parabotia vancuongi, Cobitis fahireae, Hemimyzon 

songamensis, Sewellia analis, Parasewellia polylobata, Vanmanenia monofasciodorsalata, 

V. trifaseudorsala, Oreonectes microphthalmus, Paracobitis posterodorsalus, Yunnanilus 

macrositanus, Y. forkicaudalis, Y. spanisbripes. 

2

Loaches, fishes of the suborder Cobitoidei, are small benthic 

fishes known throughout Eurasia, with two named species 

in Africa (Morocco and Ethiopia). Most of them inhabit rivers 

and streams in hilly areas but they are also known from 

streams in rainforest, in the black waters of peat swamp forests, 

or in oases (in the Taklamakan Desert). Many of them 

are specialised cave fishes, others inhabit rapids and waterfalls. 

The fishes reported from the highest altitude in Asia 

are loaches (Triplophysa stolickai at 5200 masl, in hot springs 

near Lungmu Co [lake], Ngari County in western Tibet 

[34°37'N 80°28'E]; Zhu, 1981: 1063); those reported from 

the lowest altitude are also loaches (Triplophysa zhaoi in 

swamps of the Lükqün oasis, about 50 m below sea level in 

the Turpan depression, Xinjiang, China). 

The suborder Cobitoidei derives its name from Cobitis, a 

genus established by Linnaeus (1758). This name has an old 

history. It first appears as κωβτις in Aristotle's Περ ζων 

στοραζ for small fishes that bury in the bottom (Aristotle, 

ca. 343 BC; first printed edition in 1476, Historia animalium, 

Inquiries on animals, book VI, chapter XIV). Cobitis 

means 'like the gudgeon' (κωβιζ). The word was first transcribed 

in the Latin alphabet by Rondelet (1555) who used 

it for three small fishes identifiable as today's Cobitis taenia, 

Barbatula barbatula, and, apparently, Alburnus alburnus. 

The name was then used by classical authors like Gesner, 

Aldrovandi, Jonston and Willughby. Cobitis is the second 

genus in Artedi's system (1738), who also added Misgurnus 

fossilis. As Artedi's system was adopted by Linnaeus (1758), 

Cobitis entered formal zoological nomenclature. 

Work on this checklist began around 1980 when I became 

interested in the taxonomy and ecology of Southeast Asian 

loaches. On 10 November 2012 the superfamily includes 

1043 valid species, out of 1499 nominal species (valid species 

plus all their synonyms, emendations, nomina nuda and 

some incorrect subsequent spelling occasionally used). They 

are presently placed in 111 genera (out of 185 nominal genera). 

I have examined the original description of all. About 

1400 publications have been checked and about 1010 relevant 

ones are listed. 

By loaches I understand here the suborder Cobitoidei. Some 

authors have considered the family Catostomidae as the sister-group 

of all other Cobitoidei (e.g. Šlechtová et al., 2007). 


INTRODUCTION 

3 

Μα χελιδν αρ ο ποιε 

[One nucleotide does not a species make *] 

Aristotle (384–322 BC) 

[*apocryphal; usually translated as 

"one swallow doest not a summer make"] 

Other authors have found that Catostomidae are the sistergroup 

of all other Cypriniformes (e.g. Mayden et al., 2009; 

Chen et al., 2009 [labelled as part of Cobitoidea in their tree, 

but clearly sister-group to all other Cypriniformes]); part of 

these same authors had also found Catostomidae as sistergroup 

of all other Cobitoidei (Tang et al., 2010) or as sistergroup 

of Gyrinocheilidae, together being the sister-group to 

Cyprinidae (He et al., 2008). In a morphological study, Conway 

(2011) found that Catostomidae are the sister-group of 

Gyrinocheilidae, these together are sister-group of the remaining 

Cobitoidei, which is sister-group of Cyprinidae + 

Psilorhynchidae. 

In view of these conflicting conclusions (and awaiting the 

next ones ....), I follow Šlechtová et al. (2007) and exclude 

Catostomidae from Cobitoidei. Among the above analyses, 

theirs is based on the largest number of genera and species 

of Cobitoidei. 

Content. — First, the following checklist is far from an ultimate 

inventory of the loaches of the world: it merely presents 

what is known today. Many discoveries are still ahead 

of us and a great amount of work remains to be done before 

we reach an acceptable level of knowledge. I am aware of 

the existence of about 100 unnamed species which, hopefully, 

should be described in the next few years, from throughout 

the range of the superfamily. 

This list deals with taxonomy and nomenclature. The two 

topics are intimately related but should not be confused. 

Taxonomy is about species (the animals) and studies their 

distinctness, their morphology, their phylogeny and ultimately 

organises them in a system, under scientific or philosophical 

concepts that may vary among individual scientists. Nomenclature 

is only about the names of animals; it is governed by 

a set of rules (the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; 

ICZN, 1999; hereunder Code) intended to be applied 

universally. Nomenclature is not concerned by scientific 

conclusions and hypotheses, or philosophical concepts, 

and leaves total taxonomic freedom to individual scientists; 

it is concerned only with the names applied to an animal. 

In using the checklist, attention should be paid so as to not 

confuse taxonomic and nomenclatural discussions. Taxonomy 

is a matter of hypotheses and open to discussion, while

nomenclature is a more objective issue, almost administrative, 

automatically decided by application of the Code. 

The checklist aims to include all the known species and their 

correct names. Synonymies are usually based on published 

information, but in some cases I used personal communication 

from colleagues, my own interpretation of the literature, 

or unpublished personal observations. 

The list includes references to the original descriptions of 

all species and their synonyms, of all the genera and their 

synonyms, and all relevant nomenclatural acts. All the cited 

references have been checked in the original publications. 

The details that I could not check are marked in bold face. A 

few references have been checked by trusted colleagues. 

Names based on fossil taxa and which have never been used 

for Recent taxa are not included in this checklist. 

Taxonomy and systematics have two main goals. One is primarily 

of academic interest: the study of the diversity of living 

organisms and their phylogenetic relationships. The 

other is of immediate practical interest: inventories, surveys, 

documentation of biodiversity, and compilation of identification 

tools. For the proper management of natural resources, 

we need information on numbers of species and their identification 

now, not sometime in the distant future. If definitive 

conclusions are not possible with the available data, then 

tentative decisions are needed. As for other components of 

environmental management strategies, the precautionary 

approach should be the rule. In the present context, in case 

of doubt on the distinctness of two species, the precautionary 

approach would be to retain them as distinct awaiting 

(possible) further research. 

This precautionary approach, however, has its limits. The 

development of molecular techniques has led some to recognise 

as 'species' populations distinguished only by very 

few nucleotides; complex statistics have been used to justify 

the recognition of 'species' otherwise not distinguishable by 

human eyes. These species I have not given the benefit of 

the doubt. The now fashionable discussions about 'cryptic' 

species do not change the situation very much: Aristotle (384– 

322 BC) already commented "one nucleotide does not a species 

make", be it ever so cryptic [apocryphal translation of 

Μα χελιδν αρ ο ποιε, usually translated in English as 

"one swallow doest not a summer make"]. Further, in fishes, 

the 'cryptic' species discovered by molecular techniques that 

I have been told about have been cryptic not because taxonomists 

could not distinguish them, but because no trained 

taxonomist ever had an opportunity to examine them. 

Another problem with the precautionary approach in Southeast 

Asian fishes is shown by the huge number of 'new' species 

that have been described from Vietnam in recent years. 

The description of many is in a quality that makes it impossible 

to even guess whether or not they might be valid. Their 

identity and possible distinctness will remain in limbo as 

long as they are not competently re-described. 


4 

Limitations. — One of the limitations of the checklist is that 

I started work on it around 1980. In 30 years, its scope, coverage 

and format unavoidably evolved and this caused slight 

internal inconsistencies in formatting. It has been updated 

continuously so that the technical content is not affected by 

this 'formatting evolution'. Further, between 1980 and today, 

three different editions of the International Code of 

Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1964, 1985, 1999) have 

been in use, which differ slightly. I have tried to update all 

entries affected by the changes in the Code but I may have 

missed details. 

Another limitation is that the core target of my work and my 

own experience is Southeast Asian freshwater fishes. My 

treatment of these taxa is probably quite complete. But I am 

likely to have missed some literature on the species occurring 

outside this area. When I encountered nomenclatural 

problems concerning Southeast Asian species I had no hesitation 

in introducing changes to clear the problems. When it 

came to the same situation with taxa from other areas, I tried 

to solve the routine problems but decided not to address the 

more complex ones. However, I discuss these cases and their 

possible solutions where pertinent. 

Families vs. subfamilies. — The family-level organisation 

is based on the phylogeny established by Šlechtová et al. 

(2007) and Bohlen & Šlechtová (2009), and on my personal 

considerations (see below and Appendix). The naming and 

ranking of supraspecific taxa (genera, tribes, families, etc.) 

is partly a matter of individual taste, that is, some may prefer 

to have, for example, a family Balitoridae divided into subfamilies 

A, B, C, or a superfamily Balitoroidea divided into 

families A, B, C, or a subfamily Balitorinae divided into tribes 

A, B, C. What is important is not the rank, but that the organisation 

reflects phylogeny. 

The recognition of sublineages within a lineage (e.g. subfamilies 

within a family) implies that the relationships of the 

lineage have been resolved and that it is demonstrated that 

the lineage is monophyletic. If it is not demonstrated, then 

there is no justification to recognise sublineages within this 

lineage and they are better either ignored or each recognised 

as a separate lineage. 

Various published phylogenies (Šlechtová et al., 2007; 

Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2009; Chen et al., 2009; Mayden et al., 

2009) are congruent in recognising that Ellopostoma, Barbucca, 

Serpenticobitis, Balitoridae and Nemacheilidae form 

a monophyletic lineage, but they show different relationships 

within this lineage, or between some of the branches. In such 

a situation I consider that it is not justified to recognise some 

lineages at family rank and others at subfamily rank; this is 

why I treat all at the same rank. Because of their very distinctive 

morphology and because they are not positioned 

within any of the sublineages, Barbucca and Serpenticobitis 

are treated at the same rank and two family-group names 

(Barbuccidae, Serpenticobitidae) are established for them. 

I use only the family rank; in my opinion intermediate ranks 

such as subfamily, subtribe, etc., are rarely justified. But

others may disagree and might prefer to recognise a family 

Balitoridae with subfamilies Ellopostomatinae, Nemacheilinae, 

Balitorinae, Barbuccinae, Serpenticobitinae and Gastromyzontinae; 

this makes no difference. 

Note that a family-group name retains its original author and 

date even if used at different ranks. For example Nemacheilinae 

Regan, 1911 retains Regan, 1911 as author even if treated 

as family Nemacheilidae or tribe Nemacheilini. 

Listed names. — I list all the names I found, including infrasubspecific 

names, which are given in their original form. 

The headings of all generic and specific accounts have the 

correct spelling of all valid names. In the synonymies, however, 

all names are given with their original combination (except 

that interpolated subgeneric names are omitted) and with 

their original spelling, including misspellings and diacritic 

marks [ü, è, ñ, etc.]. Capitalised letters and diacritic marks 

are not permitted by the Code (arts. 27, 28, Glossary) in 

species- and genus-group names and must be corrected. Incorrect 

original spellings are used only in the synonymies 

but they have been corrected in all other circumstances, especially 

in the discussions under Taxonomic notes and Nomenclatural 

notes. 

Genera and species. — Genera are listed in alphabetic sequence 

within families. Species are listed in alphabetic sequence 

within genera. 

Entries for genera include the valid name of the genus (in 

bold, as a heading), the name of the genus with the spelling 

in the original description, the author, the year of publication, 

and the number of the page with principal information. 

This is followed by information on possible subgeneric status 

in the original description, type species, mode of designation, 

information on possible nomenclatural acts associated 

with the name, and grammatical gender. This information 

is provided for all names considered to be synonyms, in chronological 

sequence. 

Entries for species include the valid name of the species (in 

bold, as a heading), the name of the species with the spelling 

in the original description, the author, the year of publication, 

the number of the page on which the actual description 

starts (or where the elements necessary to make the name 

available occur) and the number of the main illustration 

(ignoring those showing maps, anatomical details, portrait 

of collector, etc.). This is followed by a block in parentheses 

with information on type locality, primary types and possible 

nomenclatural acts associated with the name. If the name 

is based largely or totally on references to the older literature, 

this information is listed first in the block in parentheses. 

The block in parentheses also includes information on 

the spelling of the end of the name associated with the three 

grammatical genders of genera (see explanation below). This 

information is provided for all names considered to be synonyms, 

in chronological sequence. 

Transliteration of non-Latin alphabets. — Author names, 

place names, and journal names in non-Latin alphabets, and 


5 

in languages using other notations, have been transcribed; 

titles of books and papers have been translated. When a transliteration 

is used in the original work (e.g. in the text, in an 

abstract, in a table of contents), the same spelling is used 

here. There are some inconsistencies as it happens that transliterations 

or translations used in abstracts or tables of contents 

may be different from the actual title of a paper. Frequently, 

transliteration systems have changed with time and 

no standardisation has been attempted here. Older bibliographies 

or indexes may have used earlier transliteration systems 

and I consider that a standardised use could actually 

complicate bibliographic search, especially for those not 

familiar with these languages. 

Unfortunately, some accents and diacritic marks may have 

disappeared as standard western European keyboards and 

softwares do not support them. This especially applies in the 

case of the Vietnamese alphabet. 

Type localities. — The type locality is the locality at which 

the holotype, lectotype or neotype was collected. Although 

mentioned in the Code, the type locality has no nomenclatural 

role. Simply, it is a convenient wording, it is shorter to 

say 'type locality' than 'the locality at which the primary namebearing 

type was collected', or to give the locality data in 

full. 

In cases where there is no primary type but a series of syntypes 

from different localities, the type locality is the sum of 

all the localities of the syntypes, and all their localities are 

listed (separated by a slash [ / ] where clarity requires it). 

Localities are usually given with the original spelling; this 

sometimes results in different spellings being used for the 

same locality under different headings; I have tried to introduce 

some consistency, but only in cases where I was certain 

that the different spellings were really referring to the same 

place, or when the different spellings were used for the locality 

of the very same specimen, or referring to the very same 

bibliographic source. 

Alternative spellings, modern equivalents, present names of 

political entities, transliterations and coordinates (if any) have 

been added in square brackets, but this has not been systematically 

attempted. Most text in square brackets is not from 

original authors. 

Locality descriptions have been translated into English when 

possible and/or justified. In some cases, words meaning river, 

lake, etc. are part of the name in the original language 

and they have not been deleted in order to avoid ambiguities 

when using local maps (but the word river, lake, etc. has 

been added). Local names have been used, except for a few 

well known rivers and lakes with a common English name 

used in international literature (e.g. Mekong, Irrawaddy, 

Salween, Ganges, Red River). For most localities, when feasible 

I have tried to add information on present political entities 

(country, province, state, etc.) and river drainages as 

an aid to the reader. For larger topographic features which 

have several different names, a single one has been consistently 

used; this especially applies to those extending in dif-

ferent countries (e.g. Mekong River); I usually retained the 

name easiest to find for readers not familiar with local toponymy 

or, when it exists, the English name used in international 

literature (e.g. Salween River and not Nu Jiang, 

Salawin, Thanlwin, Salouen, or fGyl mo rNGul chu [a Tibetan 

transcription]; Irrawaddy and not Ayeyarwady; Red River 

and not Song Hong, Yuan Jiang or Fleuve Rouge). 

Infrasubspecific names and nomina nuda having no nomenclatural 

status, they do not have type specimens and therefore 

do not have a type locality and I thus list only a 'locality', 

when justified. Localities are usually not indicated for 

infrasubspecific names based on aberrant specimens; they 

are given only if the name has been created for a particular 

geographical area. 

When a neotype has been designated, the type locality is the 

locality of the neotype. The original type locality (the locality 

of the primary type mentioned in the original description), 

if different, is usually listed in square brackets in order 

not to lose the information. 

When a lectotype has been designated, the type locality is 

the locality of the lectotype. The original type locality [the 

sum of the localities of all the syntypes mentioned in the 

original description], is not listed since it is no longer relevant. 

Available name. — An available name is a name that satisfies 

the criteria of the Code and may be used for a valid 

species. An available name is not automatically a valid name. 

Valid name. — A valid name is the correct name applied to 

a species. To be valid, a name must first be available. But an 

available name is not automatically valid; junior synonyms 

are available names but invalid. A 'valid name' should not be 

confused with a 'valid species'. 

Nomen oblitum, nomen protectum. — The earliest of two 

synonyms always has priority. In some circumstances defined 

by Code art. 23.9. it is possible to ignore an old name 

and instead use a younger synonym. The older name is then 

called nomen oblitum (forgotten name) and the youger one 

is called nomen protectum (protected name). To be declared 

nomen oblitum, a name must have been unused after 1899 

and the nomen protectum must have been used at least 25 

times in the last 50 years. 

Incertae sedis, genera inquirenda, species inquirendae, 

nomina dubiae. — Incertae sedis are valid family, genera 

and species of uncertain taxonomic position. Species incertae 

sedis are listed at the beginning of the family they belong 

to. Sometimes they are placed in the genus in which my experience 

or the experience of knowledgeable colleagues suggests 

they belong. Alternatively, for species placed in genera 

where there is a suspicion they do not belong, the generic 

name is placed in single quotation marks (e.g. 'Genus' 

species), sometimes with a comment under Taxonomic notes. 

The fate of a species incertae sedis is to be placed in a genus. 


6 

A species inquirenda (plural: species inquirendae) is a species 

of doubtful identity. Often they can be placed in a genus 

but the description and the known material do not allow a 

decision as to whether or not it is valid. These names are 

listed immediately under the heading of the genus to which 

they belong. Species inquirendae that cannot be placed in 

any genus are listed immediately under the heading of the 

family to which they belong. A species inquirenda may have 

great similarity to a valid species but its identity may remain 

open to doubt; these are listed in the synonymy of that species, 

and are indicated by a question mark in front of the 

name. Some species inquirendae are poorly described but 

are nevertheless tentatively accepted as possibly valid, for 

example because an illustration in the original description 

suggests they may be valid; awaiting confirmation or a usable 

description, they are listed as 'normal' species but with 

a question mark. It is noteworthy that a substantial number 

of the taxa described from Vietnam in the last 15 years falls 

into the category species inquirendae. The fate of a species 

incertae sedis is that future studies will allow to decide in 

which genus or family to place them. 

A species inquirenda should not be confused with a nomen 

dubium. A nomen dubium (plural: nomina dubia) is a name 

of doubtful application that is impossible to link with a known 

species, or may apply to several species, etc. Typically, a 

nomen dubium would have been described in the 18 th or 19 th 

century, with a few laconic sentences including no diagnostic 

characters usable today, may be based on a painting or on 

artificially prepared specimens (examples include species 

described from Chinese paintings in the 19 th century; these 

paintings usually were not based on a given specimen but 

often were an artistic or idealised view of the species, copied 

from earlier classical paintings, or sometimes simply imaginary). 

The fate of a nomen dubium is not to remain so, but to 

become either a valid name or a synonym after either taxonomic 

examination or appropriate nomenclatural decisions. 

A genus inquirendum (plural: genera inquirenda) is a generic 

name that can be placed in a family but whose description 

and associated species (usually species inquirendae and nomina 

dubia) do not allow a decision as to whether or not it is 

valid. 

Nominal species. — Any of the available names created for 

a species, irrespective of its validity. If a valid species has x 

synonyms, the valid name and the x synonyms are x+1 nominal 

species. 

NAME-BEARING TYPES 

It is not the place here to detail all basic principles of nomenclature 

(for details, see Kottelat, 1997; Kottelat & Freyhof, 

2007). It is however necessary to clarify a few concepts 

that are often misunderstood. 

Type specimens. — Each species-group name has a type. 

The type of a species name is the specimen on which the 

name is based; the phrase name-bearing type is more appro-

priate but, in order to simplify texts, is not usually used. The 

type specimen is the type of a name, not of a species. It is 

therefore erroneous to understand the type as a 'model' representation 

of a species or a specimen to which all specimens 

must be identical in order to be called the same species. 

The type concept is exclusively a nomenclatural standard 

and totally independent of any taxonomic judgements 

or philosophical theory. The type is only used to objectively 

relate to which species the name must be applied. After its 

original description, if a species X is redescribed, re-defined 

or re-diagnosed and it is found that the type specimen of 

name Y belongs to that species, then this fixes Y as the name 

to be applied to species X. If type specimens of more than 

one name are found to belong to that same species X, this 

makes these names synonyms. 

Only primary types (name bearing types) are listed here. 

Primary types belong to the categories holotype, lectotype, 

neotype and syntypes. Other type categories recognised by 

the Code are paratypes and paralectotypes but have no nomenclatural 

status. Other 'type' categories (e.g. allotypes, 

topotypes, paratopotypes, paraneotypes) are not recognised 

by the Code, should not be used and are ignored here. Among 

them, the word allotype is sometime used to designate one 

of the paratypes of a sex different from that of the holotype; 

the word topotype is used as a shortened way to say "specimens 

collected at the locality where the primary type was 

collected". 

The holotype is the specimen that has been explicitly designated 

so (or by a similar wording) in the original description, 

or if there is clear evidence that the author based the 

nominal species on a single specimen. There is only one 

holotype per nominal species. In all cases where there is clear 

evidence that the author based the species name on more 

than one specimen (including literature records) but did not 

designate a holotype, then all these specimens are syntypes. 

If it is not possible to determine from the original description 

if a name is based on one or several specimens, I am 

usually listing 'syntypes' or 'holotype ?'). 

If the nominal species is based on a specimen explicitly 

designated as holotype and a number of additional specimens 

are also explicitly designated as types, these are 

paratypes; allotypes are thus paratypes. The sum of the holotype 

and paratypes or the sum of the syntypes is called 

type series. 

In cases where there is no holotype but only a series of syntypes, 

one of the syntypes may be selected as lectotype; it 

then has the same value as the holotype. The remaining syntypes 

then become paralectotypes and lose their status as 

primary types. Lectotypes are designated when it is demonstrated 

or suspected that the type series includes more than 

one species; it allows the name to be definitively fixed to the 

nominal species to which the lectotype belongs. Incidentally, 

the designation of a lectotype also restricts the type locality 

to the locality of the lectotype, no longer the sum of the 

localities of the syntypes. Paratypes and paralectotypes are 

not listed hereunder as they are not name-bearing types. 


7 

If none of the specimens of the original type series remains, 

or if the holotype or lectotype no longer exist (they have not 

been preserved, are lost, or destroyed) and if the name cannot 

be unambiguously linked to a valid species, then (and 

only then) a specimen can be designated as neotype that will 

have the same function as the holotype. All designations of 

neotypes that do not fully satisfy these conditions are invalid 

and must be ignored. Incidentally, the designation of a 

neotype also fixes the type locality to the locality of the neotype. 

A number of neotype designations are invalid because the 

need for a neotype is not stated or demonstrated. This requirement 

did not exist in the 1985 Code (art. 75(b)) and an 

implicit justification was enough. The requirement became 

explicit in the 1999 Code, with an added clause (art. 75.3.1) 

requiring "a statement that [the neotype] is designated with 

the express purpose of clarifying the taxonomic status or the 

type locality of a nominal taxon". 

After the original description, it may be necessary for later 

authors to re-examine the primary type of a nominal species 

in order to decide to which taxonomic species it applies, for 

example in cases when several similar species are later discovered 

and the original description does not mention the 

characters now decisive to determine to which of these species 

the name must be applied. It is, however, not a necessity 

to examine a primary type if the original description provides 

all the information needed for identification. In fact, 

types may be fragile specimens, and they should not be handled 

if not justified, and persons without experience should 

not be permitted to handle them. Primary types must be deposited 

in museums or other responsible institutions and with 

staff able to conserve them and make them accessible to later 

researchers. Even if there is political pressure in some 

countries to consider that types are a national property, types 

do not belong to a country but to science and must be accessible 

to competent scientists irrespective of their nationality. 

Neotypes must be deposited in a museum (Code art. 75.3.7). 

A number of species described by earlier authors do not have 

known types or they have been lost since the original description. 

This does not affect the availability of a name. For 

example, a specimen described in the field and later eaten 

by a hungry author remains the type specimen. Or a specimen 

used as model for a figure remains the type specimen, 

even if it has not been preserved. 

When known, institutions in which primary types are deposited 

are listed, together with register numbers and, when 

known, the number of specimens in square brackets (example: 

"AAA 1234 [2], AAA 1233 [1]"). When the primary 

types were deposited in a collection but cannot presently be 

located, the institution is listed as they may still be present 

(misidentified, misplaced, uncatalogued), or as a starting 

point for further search. The source for the catalogue number 

is given when it is not the original description; besides, 

many catalogue numbers listed in the original descriptions 

have also been checked in published catalogues or in the 

institutions themselves. When there is a series of syntypes, I

listed those I could trace in the literature, but made no effort 

to trace the whole series; this would have been tedious, many 

of them having possibly been later used for exchanges between 

institutions, etc. NT indicates that there is no (or apparently 

no) preserved type material, LU that there was apparently 

preserved type material but that its whereabouts are 

not known. A question mark in front of the abbreviation of 

an institution indicates that the type(s) is possibly there or 

that the type status of the specimen is not certain. 

Institutional abbreviations used in the text are listed below. 

For institutions for which no abbreviations have been used 

in literature, the abbreviations follow current use by workers 

at these institutions (where possible) or Leviton et al. 

(1985; Leviton & Gibbs, 1988) or Eschmeyer & Fricke 

(2010). I did not automatically follow Leviton et al. and Eschmeyer 

& Fricke as a standard because for non-US collections 

the abbreviations they list are often not those actually 

used by the institutions themselves. In case the abbreviations 

used in these lists differ from those used by workers at 

these institutions, I retain the second one (as long as they 

make sense and do not represent personal, bureaucratic or 

chauvinistic idiosyncrasy). I use the word abbreviation, not 

acronym. The word acronym means an abbreviation that can 

be pronounced as a word, which is not the case here. 

Type species. — Each genus-group name has a type species. 

The type species of a genus name is the species whose name 

determines the validity of a genus. If several species are 

placed in genus X, with type species Xx and this genus is 

later divided into two genera, the genus which include species 

Xx will continue to be genus X while the other genus 

will have another name. If two genera have the same type 

species, they are objective synonyms. 

Type genus. — Each family-group name has a type genus. 

The type genus is the genus whose name has been used to 

form the name of the family. For example Cobitis is the name 

of the genus used to form the family group names Cobitidae, 

Cobitoidei, Cobitinae, etc. For nomenclature purposes these 

three words are a single name. Whatever the rank within the 

family-group, a given family-group name retains the same 

author and date. In this example, Cobitidae Swainson, 1838, 

Cobitoidei Swainson, 1838, etc. 

ENDING AND SPELLING OF SPECIES NAMES 

The following discussions refers only to scientific names, 

which are written in a language supposed to be Latin. When 

the system of binominal nomenclature was created, the genus 

was the important entity and the species was of secondary 

significance. As a result, the names of the species were 

made of a noun (the genus name) and a qualifying word (the 

species name), in most cases an adjective or a noun in the 

genitive. As genus names are nouns, they have a grammatical 

gender (masculine, feminine or neuter). In Latin, French, 

German and most western languages the ending of adjectives 

varies to agree with the gender of the noun (English is 

a notable exception in which adjectives are not variable). 


8 

When new research shows that a species must be transferred 

from one genus to another, if the two genera have names 

with different grammatical genders, it may happen that the 

ending of the name of the species must be changed to agree 

in gender with the name of the genus (Code art. 31.2). 

This may seem complicated, but actually it does not require 

to learn Latin, but only to follow a handful of trivial rules: 

a) check the gender of the name of the genus in the original 

publication or on a reliable list; 

b) if the species name is a noun, its spelling remains unchanged; 

c) if the species name is an adjective, the name must agree in 

gender with the genus. 

Besides, answers to most questions can be found in dictionaries 

and, in case of doubt, it does not take a great effort to 

ask knowledgeable colleagues. In the last resort, if nobody 

knows or if it seems too time consuming, one should treat 

the name as a noun in apposition and retain the original spelling 

or follow common practice. 

Hereunder, the grammatical gender of all genus names is 

listed. For all species names, the list includes the three possible 

endings (for the three genders), so that it is instantly 

possible to check the correct ending when moving a species 

from one genus to another. The names marked 'indeclinable' 

never change; for those which change, the ending in masculine, 

femine and neuter is indicated. For example, for maculatus, 

"-us, -a, -um" means that if the name is placed in a 

genus with a masculine name, the species must be spelled 

maculat-us, if placed in a genus with a feminine name it 

must be spelled maculat-a and if placed in a genus with a 

neuter name it must be spelled maculat-um. 

Out of about 1391 available names, 439 are adjectives ending 

in -us, 317 adjectives ending in -is, 7 other declinable 

adjectives, 306 nouns in genitive, 154 compound nouns, 143 

nouns in apposition, 14 indeclinable adjectives, and 11 

indeclinable participles. 

Common situations. — The basic principles above and the 

information in the list below are enough to determine the 

correct ending of names in any combination. For those interested 

in more details, this chapter presents examples of the 

main types of name constructions, how to distinguish which 

existing names are declinable and which are not, and the 

status of corrections of the original spelling. Note that this is 

for existing names and not for creating new names. These 

common cases cover the vast majority of existing names; a 

few rare cases make exceptions and are not discussed. 

1. Names based on personal names 

1.1. Names in the genitive case are indeclinable. They 

mean "of". 

1.1.1. If the name is based on a modern name, the 

genitive ending is -i for men (e.g. bleekeri, of 

Bleeker); -ae for woman (e.g. pfeifferae, of Mrs. 

Pfeiffer), -arum for several women together (e.g. 

mariarum, of Mary Inger and Mary Chin), -orum 

for several men together (e.g. grummorum, of the

others Grigorii and Vladimir Grumm-Grzhimaylo) 

or for men and women together (e.g, potaninorum, 

of Grigorii Potanin and Aleksandra Potanina, 

baluchiorum, of the inhabitants of 

Balochistan). 

1.1.1.1. Exception: names of men ending in -a may 

be considered Latinized and become -ae (e.g. 

vinciguerrae, of Vinciguerra). 

1.1.1.2. If the name ends with -i, the ending is -ii 

(e.g. choii, of Choi; modiglianii, of Modigliani). 

1.1.1.3. Names may be formed by adding the endings 

-i, -ae, etc. to the name or to the stem of 

the name. Example: agassizi is based on Agassiz 

and agassii is based on the stem agassi- 

[this corresponds with the pronunciation, since 

the final -z in Agassiz is not pronounced in 

French in the area of Switzerland where he was 

born]. 

1.1.2. If the name is based on a Latin name, or the 

Latinized form of a modern name, the name is 

formed of the Latin root and the endings as above 

(often becomes -ii, -is, -iorum, -iarum). Examples: 

cuvieri is based on Cuvier's name, cuvierii 

is based on the Latinized form Cuvierius. 

1.2. Nouns in apposition are indeclinable (but the Code 

recommends that species-group names should not be 

created as personal names in apposition as this may 

lead to confusion with the author of the name). 

1.3. Adjectives formed on a personal name are declined 

to agree in gender with the genus name. Examples: 

bleekerianus, -a, -um (P. Bleeker; means Bleekerian), 

pavianus, -a, -um (A. Pavie). 

2. Names based on geographical names. Same rules as 

names based on personal names (see 1). 

2.1. If the name is in the genitive case, it is indeclinable. 

Examples: italiae (of Italy), cyri (of Cyrus, the Latin 

name of Kura River). 

2.2. If the name is in apposition, it is indeclinable: Examples: 

Nemacheilus marang (Marang loach; for 

Marang karst). 

2.3. If the name is an adjective, it is declined to agree in 

gender with the genus name. The most common cases 

are: 

2.3.1. names based on classical and modern Latin adjectives. 

Examples: hispanicus, -a, -um (Hispanic, 

Spanish), helveticus, -a, -um (Helvetian, 

Swiss), sumatranus, -a, -um (Sumatran); 

2.3.2. names based on modern place names with the 

addition of the ending -ensis, -ensis, -ense). Example: 

yunnanensis, -is, -e. 

2.3.2.1. The final letter(s) can be omitted, or a 

letter can be added (usually to smoothen pronunciation). 

Examples: borneensis instead of 

borneoensis (Bornean), sumatrensis instead of 

sumatraensis (Sumatran; but sumatranus 

would be preferable), tientainensis instead of 

tientaiensis (of Tientai). 


9 

3. Latin adjectives. Names that are Latin adjectives or participles, 

or end with Latin adjectives or participles, are declined 

to agree in gender with the name of the genus. (For 

nomenclature purposes, only the nominative case is relevant; 

Latin has five more cases, but they are irrelevant here). 

3.1. The most common declinable endings are: 

3.1.1. -us, -a, -um. Examples: maculatus, maculata, 

maculatum (spotted), barbatus, barbata, barbatum 

(bearded); 

3.1.2. -is, is, -e. Examples: lateralis, lateralis, laterale 

(lateral); meridionalis, meridionalis, meridionale 

(southern); 

3.1.3. -ger, -gra, grum. Example: niger, nigra, nigrum 

(black); 

3.1.4. -ger, -gera, -gerum. Example: filiger, filigera, 

filigerum (that carries a filament); 

3.1.5. -fer, -fera, -ferum. Example: aurifer, aurifera, 

auriferum (that carries or contains gold). 

3.2. When declined, some adjectives are identical in the 

three genders in the nominative case. They are labelled 

here as indeclinable. Examples: elegans (nice), 

splendens (brilliant, shining), pallens (pale). Some 

common endings of indeclinable adjectives are: 

3.2.1. adjectives ending in -oides (sometimes -ides). 

Examples: siluroides (silurus-like), elongatoides 

(like [Cobitis] elongata), misgurnoides (misgurnus-like), 

salmonides (salmon-like); 

3.2.2. adjectives ending in -color. Examples: discolor 

(differently coloured), unicolor (of a single 

colour). 

3.3. Participles (verbs in the conjugation tense ending in 

-ing in English) usually end in -ens or -ans and are 

indeclinable in the nominative case. Examples: alternans 

(alternating), ridens (smiling). 

3.4. If an adjective has been erroneously declined in 

cases other than nominative it is treated as a noun in 

apposition. Example: albicoloris (should have been 

albicolor, indeclinable). 

4. Latin nouns. Names that are Latin or Latinized nouns are 

indeclinable. Examples: Schistura cataracta (cataract), Ellopostoma 

mystax (mustache). 

5. Compound names (noun-phrases) 

5.1. A compound name made of two nouns is a noun and 

indeclinable (examples: ophiolepis, from ophius, 

snake, and lepis, scale, with snake scales; bellibarus, 

from the incorrectly Latinized English nouns belly 

and bar, for the six bars on the belly); names made of 

an adjective and a noun are also nouns and indeclinable 

(example: alticorpus, from altus, high, and corpus, 

body, with high body; flavicauda, from flavus, 

yellow, and cauda, tail, with yellow tail). 

5.2. If a compound name ends with a non-Latin word, it 

is indeclinable. This applies to all languages. Some 

Greek words are used as ending of compound names. 

The Code makes a distinction between Greek words 

and Latinized Greek words. For example kephale is 

a Greek word (meaning head) while cephalus is Latinized 

Greek; oura is a Greek word (meaning tail)

while ura is Latinized Greek. If the compound name 

ends with a Greek word (thus non-Latin), the name is 

indeclinable, irrelevant of whether it is a noun or an 

adjective (examples: hipporhynchos, from hippos, 

horse, and rhynchos, snout or snouted, that has a horse 

muzzle; microphthalmos, from micros, small, and 

ophthalmos, eye, small-eyed). If the compound name 

ends with a Latinized Greek word, it is indeclinable 

if that last word is a noun, or declinable if that last 

word is an adjective. 

Many (not all) compound names ending with a 

Latinized Greek word are adjectives. Among the most 

common ones in ichthyology are -ophthalmus, -a, 

-um (-eyed; example: microphthalmus, small-eyed), 

-rhynchus, -a, -um (-snouted; example: macrorhynchus, 

big-snouted), -cheilus, -a, -um (-lipped; example: 

pachycheilus, thick-lipped); -cephalus, -a, -um 

(-headed; example: pachycephalus, broad-headed), 

-stomus, -a, -um (-mouthed; example: macrostomus, 

large mouthed), -urus, -a, -um (-tailed; example: stenurus; 

slender-tailed), -gnathus, -a, -um (-jawed; example: 

prognathus, prognathous). However, not all 

Latinized Greek words in compound names are adjectives. 

Some are nouns; examples: -pomus (from poma, 

cover, lid, opercle; the adjective is -pomatus, -a, -um), 

soma (body; the adjective is -somatus, -a, -um). Some 

nouns may be both; example: the Latinized adjective - 

pterus, -a, -um, winged, and the Latin noun ptera. 

5.3. A compound name made of two words of which the 

last word is an adjective qualifying the genus name is 

treated as an adjective and has to agree in gender (see 

3). Examples: in Xus flavicaudatus (yellow-tailed 

Xus), caudatus is an adjective and flavicaudatus must 

agree in gender, in Xus flavicauda (yellow tail Xus, 

Xus with yellow tail), cauda is a noun in nominative 

and flavicauda does not have to agree in gender with 

the genus name. 

5.4. A compound name made of two words of which the 

last word is an adjective qualifying the first word is a 

noun in apposition and indeclinable. Examples: in 

Nemacheilus lacusnigri, nigri (genitive of niger) qualifies 

lacus (lake) and lacusnigri is indeclinable; the 

name means loach of Black Lake and not black lakeloach. 

6. Names that can be a noun or an adjective in Latin 

6.1. If it was first used as an adjective, it is treated as an 

adjective and must be declined; 

6.2. If it was first used as a noun, it is a noun and is 

indeclinable; 

6.3. If its first use does not allow a decision as to whether 

it was treated as a noun or an adjective, then it is 

treated as a noun in apposition and is not declinable. 

Note that in some cases, although the spellings of the 

noun and of the adjective do not differ, syntax and 

meaning may allow to make a decision. 

6.4. Example 1. In Barbatula sellaefer, Barbatula is feminine, 

sellaefer can be a noun in apposition or an adjective 

in the masculine nominative; because in Barbatula 

sellaefer it is spelt sellaefer it is a noun in ap- 


10 

position and indeclinable; if it had been spelt sellaefera 

it would have been an adjective and declinable. 

6.5. Example 2. Imaginary case: in Nemacheilus criniger, 

Nemacheilus is masculine, criniger can be a noun 

in apposition or an adjective in nominative masculine 

and the author did not indicate which one he used; 

therefore it is treated as a noun in apposition. 

7. Non-Latin words. Names (or the final word of a compound 

noun) that are not Latin words are treated as nouns in 

apposition and are indeclinable. Examples: Botia zebra (zebra 

comes from an African language), Botia helodes (helodes 

is a Greek word meaning marshy). 

8. Distinction between some adjectives and nouns 

8.1. There is often confusion between a noun and adjectives 

based on the same noun. The most common ones 

are compound names ending in -atus, -ata, -atum. 

Example: lateristriga and lateristrigata in which 

striga is a noun (stripe) and strigata is an adjective 

(striped). A simple 'rule' to decide if the last word is 

an adjective or a noun (beside checking a dictionary) 

is that words ending in -atus, -ata, -atum are usually 

adjectives and declinable (flavilinea [with yellow 

stripe] vs. flavilineata [yellow-striped], anguillicauda 

[with eel-tail] vs. anguillicaudata [eel-tailed]). 

There are exceptions to the 'rule'. 

8.2. If a Latin adjective has been explicitly treated as a 

noun in apposition in the original description (Code 

art. 11.9.1.2.), then it is indeclinable. 

8.3. If a Latin noun has been explicitly treated as an adjective 

in the original description (Code art. 11.9.1.1), 

then it is treated as adjective and is declinable. Example: 

names ending in -cola (inhabitant) are nouns 

and indeclinable; but some names have been created 

as -colus with the erroneous statement that they were 

adjectives (e.g. Nemacheilus arenicolus) and must be 

retained as adjectives and declined. 

8.4. If a name has been treated as a Latin noun in the 

original description but is not Latin, then it is a noun 

in apposition and indeclinable. 

8.5. Some words are adjectives in Latin, but in ichthyology 

they are used as nouns. These are treated as noun 

in apposition. The most common ones are ventralis 

and pectoralis, which originally are the adjectives 

ventral and pectoral but in ichthyology are commonly 

used as substantives to mean the ventral (pelvic) 

and pectoral fins. In such cases, they are used as nouns 

in apposition (e.g. in longiventralis, longipectoralis); 

but in case they had been used as adjectives in the 

original descriptions, they would of course be treated 

as adjectives. In Cobitis pectoralis, pectoralis was 

obviously treated as a noun in apposition, otherwise 

the name would not make sense. The words analis 

(anal fin), dorsalis (dorsal fin) and caudalis (caudal 

fin) do not exist in Latin and are treated as nouns in 

apposition. 

9. Correction of spelling of names 

9.1. The spelling used in the first description making a

name available is called the original spelling. The 

original spelling is the correct spelling and cannot be 

changed. There are only few exceptions. 

9.1.1. If in a later work the spelling is changed unintentionally, 

it is called an incorrect subsequent 

spelling. If it is changed intentionally, then it is an 

emendation. An emendation is justified if it is 

made to follow requirements of the Code; all other 

emendations are unjustified. 

9.1.2. Incorrect spellings are not available names (they 

do not exist in nomenclature). Unjustified emendations 

are available names, although often invalid. 

9.2. The original spelling can be corrected if there is evidence 

of an inadvertent error. An inadvertent error is 

an incorrect spelling not intended by the author. The 

Code mentions lapsus calami, copyist's error and 

printer's error as examples of inadvertent error. This 

is sometimes interpreted as a list of accepted cases. 

The Code lists these as examples, which means that 

the list is not exhaustive. Additional cases would include, 

for example, damaged font (a case is described 

by Bogutskaya et al., 2005), errors introduced by a 

translator (see under Triplophysini) or, with modern 

technology, a file-conversion problem. An error by 

the printer in deciphering a hand-written manuscript 

is an inadvertent error, but it is debatable whether an 

error by the author in deciphering hand-written information 

(his own notes, a place name on a label, or 

the signer of a letter) is an inadvertent error. 

Speech recognition softwares and the commands 

'search and replace' in word processors are promising 

fields for inadvertent errors. 

9.2.1. Latinization errors cannot be corrected. For example, 

nujiangensa should have been nujiangensis 

but cannot be corrected; the erroneous use of 

ovis (sheep) or ovalis (ovation) instead of ovum 

(egg, oval) or ovatus (oval) for an animal with an 

oval shape cannot be corrected. 

9.2.2. Special letters must be replaced (e.g. German 

ü, ä, ö become ue, ae, oe) or modified (e.g. Spanish 

ñ becomes n, non-German ö becomes o, etc.), 

spaces and hyphens are suppressed, capitalised 

initials become lower case, numbers must be 

spelled out, etc. 

9.3. Erroneous spellings of names based on personal 

names is a potentially sensitive issue, resulting from 

a loophole in the Code. 

9.3.1. Article 31.1 explains how names based on 

names of persons must be formed (see 1). Art. 

31.1.3. says that a name based on a personal name 

formed under arts. 31.1.1 and 31.1.2 (see 1) must 

be preserved unless it is incorrect. The corollary 

is that if the name is incorrect it must not be preserved. 

But this article does not say what to do if 

a name is not formed correctly. Common sense is 

that "a name must be preserved unless incorrect" 

implies that an incorrectly formed name is not to 

be preserved, and that the only things that can be 

done is to render it correct or to replace it. Art. 


11 

32.5 lists the spellings that must be corrected but 

the list does not include the incorrect names mentioned 

in art. 31.1.3. Some authors argue that these 

names therefore cannot be corrected. My interpretation 

is that, if a name based on a person's 

name must be formed following art. 31.1, those 

formed incorrectly must be emended. This is implicit 

in art. 31.1 and therefore it was not needed 

to repeat it in art. 32.5. Therefore, erroneous original 

spellings of names based on person's names 

must be corrected. 

9.3.2. This art. 31.1.3 applies only for the aspects of 

the names formed under art. 31.1.1 and 31.1.2, 

that is mainly ending (formed under 1 above). This 

means that a name formed, for example, on the 

name of a woman but with the ending -i must be 

corrected in -ae. Bleeker created the name Cobitis 

pfeifferi explicitly for Ida Pfeiffer, a woman, 

and the name must be emended into C. pfeifferae. 

If the gender of the person is not known the original 

ending does not change. 

9.3.3. If the name of the person is mentioned (correctly 

spelt or not) and the name of the species is 

misspelt, it must be corrected. Example: Sykes 

(1839a) described Cobitis rupelli, which he named 

for Eduard Rüppell, whose name is explicitly mentioned. 

The omission of one 'p' is an inadvertent 

error. The spelling of the name should have been, 

and must be corrected into, ruppelli. [The omission 

of the umlaut is correct; if Sykes had written 

"Rüppell", ü should have been corrected into ue, 

but as Sykes used "Ruppell", u should not be corrected]. 

9.3.4. If the name of the person is not mentioned in 

the paper and can only be guessed to possibly be 

a misspelling of a known name, it must remain 

unchanged. 

9.3.5. If there is external evidence (for example by 

the author himself in a later publication) or indication 

that the name is formed on a misspelling of 

the name of a person unambiguously identifiable, 

there are two conflicting opinions. Some authors 

consider that the Code art. 32.5.1 does not allow 

the emendation since it can be known that the name 

is misspelt only by recourse to external information. 

Others think that art. 32.5.1 allows to correct 

the spelling because to misspell the name of 

a person to which the species is dedicated can only 

be an inadvertent error. Art. 32.5.1 lists some kinds 

of inadvertent errors to be corrected but does not 

mention misspelling of personal names; this is not 

a problem since the Code explicitly states that 

these are examples ("such as ..."), and a list of 

examples is, by definition, not exhaustive [see 9.2 

above]. 

A classical example is Barbus schwanenfeldii, 

originally described by Bleeker (1854a: 517) and 

dedicated to the collector "H. W. Schwanenfeld". 

Later, Bleeker (1860d: 63) emended it as 

schwanefeldi because the correct spelling of this

person's name is Schwanefeld. Elsewhere in the 

same issue of the journal including the 1854 description, 

but not in the same paper (pp. 540, 545), 

Schwanefeld's name was spelt correctly, as it is 

also in lists of members of societies (of which 

Bleeker was president or secretary) and subscribers 

to journals (edited by Bleeker). In addition 

Schwanefeld was a professional relation of Bleeker. 

The misspelling could not have been intentional. 

Despite all this, because we can know that 

the name was misspelt only from information external 

to the original paper, some conclude that 

the name cannot be corrected (this was my earlier 

point of view; Kottelat, 1999: 595). But, in the 

case of personal names dedicated to a clearly identified 

person, when the original author himself 

AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA 

AMS Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia 

ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, USA 

ASIZB Academia Sinica, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, China 

BIKU Institute of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, 

Kragujevac, Serbia 

BLG Biological Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 

China 

BMAM Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing, China 

BMNH Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom 

CAS California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA 

CMK Collection of Maurice Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland 

CNUC Department of Biology, Chonbuk National University, 

Jeonju, South Korea 

CRG-SAC Conservation Research Group, St Albert’s College, 

Kochi, Kerala, India 

DBJU Department of Biology, Ji-Nan University, Guangzhou, 

China 

DBLU Department of Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 

China 

DHISUB Department of Hydrobiology and Ichthyology, Faculty 

of Biology, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria 

DVZUT Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Vietnam National 

University of Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam 

DZAUT Department of Zoology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, 

Greece 

EAWAG EAWAG Forschungszentrum für Limnologie, Kastanienbaum, 

Switzerland 

FACQR Fishery Administration Center of Qujing Region, 

Qujing, China 

FESC Fisheries Experimental Station, Guangdong, China 

[now Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese 

Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China] 

FFRIJ Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 

Nanjing, China 

FM Department of Nature, Fujian Provincial Museum, 

Fuzhou, China 

FMNH Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA 

FRCL Fisheries Research Center, Likas, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia 


ABBREVIATIONS USED 

12 

corrected the spelling and when it is shown from 

numerous sources that it was misspelt, it is obvious 

that it was an inadvertent error and it would 

be against common sense not to correct it. I would 

be unhappy to see a species name dedicated to 

me but with a misspelling of my name; and if I 

have to write a paper on this species I would certainly 

not use a misspelling of my own name; I 

think that everybody can share these feelings. It 

therefore seems that nobody should really complain 

if the emended but possibly 'illegal' spelling 

is used. 

Note that Bleeker's change of the original ending 

-ii into -i is not permitted and the original ending 

-ii remains. 

FSJF Fischsammlung Jörg Freyhof, Berlin, Germany 

GCMNH Government College Museum (Natural History), 

Lahore, Pakistan 

GIF Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China 

GUIC Ichthyological Museum, Department of Fisheries, Natural 

Resources Faculty, University of Guilan, Soumahe 

Sara, Iran 

HACW Department of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture College, 

Wuhan, China 

HFRI Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Harbin, 

China 

HNUE Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Agricultural 

Technology, Hanoi National University of Education 

[also Hanoi University of Pedagogy], Hanoi, 

Vietnam 

HRAS Heilongtan Reservoir Administration, Shilin, China 

HUIC Ichthyology Museum, Department of Biology, Hacettepe 

University, Ankara, Turkey 

HUJ Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel 

IHB Institute of Hydrobiology, Academia Sinica, Wuhan, 

China 

IRSNB Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles, Belgium 

ISBB Institutul Stiinte Biologice, Bucuresti, Romania 

IZA Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Universita, 

L'Aquila, Italy 

IZSX Institute of Zoology of Shanxi, Xian, China 

KFRI Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, India 

KIZ Kunming Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Kunming, 

China 

KU University of Kansas Natural History Museum and 

Biodiversity Research Center, Lawrence, USA 

KUMF Kasetsart University Museum of Fisheries, Bangkok, 

Thailand 

KUN Kinki University, Nara, Japan 

LFZFC Laboratory of Fishes, Zhejiang Fisheries College, 

Zhoushan, China [now Zhejiang Ocean University, 

Zhoushan, China] 

LNHSM Lingnan Natural History Survey and Museum, Guangzhou, 

China

MCSNC Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Carmagnola, Italy 

MCSNG Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova, Italy 

MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoölogy, Harvard, USA 

MGAB Musée d'Histoire Naturelle "G. Antipa", Bucuresti, Romania 

MGHNL Musée Guimet d'Histoire Naturelle, Lyon, France 

MHNG Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Genève, Switzerland 

MIZASP Museum, Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences, 

Pyongyang, North Korea 

MMNHN Metropolitan Museum of Natural History, Nanjing, 

China [now Nanjing Museum, Chinese Academy of 

Sciences, China] 

MMNHS Macedonian Museum of Natural History, Skopje, 

Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia 

MNCN Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain 

MNH Magyar Nemzeti Muzeum, Budapest, Hungary 

MNHN Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France 

MNHV Museum of Natural History, Varna, Bulgaria 

MSINR Museum of Sichuan Institute of Natural Resources, 

Chengdu, China 

MUMF Manipur University Museum of Fishes, Canchipur, 

India 

MUS Muzium Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia 

MZB Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Cibinong, Indonesia 

MZH Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoological Museum, 

University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 

MZUF Museo Zoologico "la Specola", Università di Firenze, 

Firenze, Italy 

MZUP Museo Zoologico, Universita, Pavia, Italy 

MZUT Museo Zoologico, Universita, Torino, Italy 

NCNTTSI Aquaculture Research Institute No. 1 [earlier Dinh 

Bang Fish Research Station], Bac Ninh, Vietnam 

NGI Nanjing Geographical Institute, Academia Sinica, Nanjing, 

China [see NIG] 

NHMG Natural History Museum, Göteborg, Sweden 

NHMS Natural History Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria 

NIFI National Inland Fisheries Institute, Bangkok, Thailand 

NIG Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese 

Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China 

NMC Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada 

NMHW Museum of Natural History, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, 

Poland 

NMMB National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, 

Pingtung, Taiwan 

NMSL National Museum of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka 

NMW Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria 

NPIB Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Xining, China 

NRIBAS National Research Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy 

of Sciences, Nanjing, China 

NRM Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden 

NSMT National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan 

NTOU National Taiwan Ocean University, Institute of Marine 

Biology, Keelung, Taiwan 

NTUM Museum of the Department of Zoology, National Taiwan 

University, Taipei, Taiwan 

PMR Rijeka Museum of Natura History, Rijeka, Croatia 

PRFRI Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy 

of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, China 

PUCMF Pachhunga University College Museum of Fishes, Aizawl, 

India 

RMNH Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum [earlier Rijksmuseum 

van Natuurlijke Historie], Leiden, The Netherlands 

ROM Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada 

SBC Sarawak Biodiversity Center, Kuching, Malaysia 


13 

SCNU Department of Biology, South China Normal University, 

Guangzhou, China 

SCUM Museum of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 

SMF Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt, Germany 

SMK Sarawak Museum, Kuching, Malaysia 

SNM Slovak National Museum, Bratislava, Slovakia 

SOU Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China 

SPNRI Sichuan Provincial Nature Research Institute, Chengdu, 

China 

SSCN Museum of the Biological Laboratory, Science Society 

of China, Nanking, China [now NRIBAS] 

SU Stanford University; now at CAS (as CAS-SU) 

SUBC Department of Biology, Seowon University, Cheongju, 

Korea 

SWFC Museum of Zoology, Southwest Forestry College, Kunming, 

China 

TAU Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 

TUK Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 

Nepal 

UBD Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam 

UF Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 

Gainesville, USA 

UMMZ University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, 

USA 

UMSB University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia 

USNM National Museum of Natural History, Washington, USA 

VUP Vinh University of Pedagogy, Vinh, Vietnam 

WIRI Watanabe Ichthyological Institute, Tokyo, Japan 

YCM Yokosuka City Museum, Yokosuka, Japan 

YU Department of Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 

China 

ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander 

Koenig, Bonn, Germany 

ZISP Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 

Russia 

ZMA Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoölogie, Amsterdam, The 

Netherlands; now at RMNH 

ZMB Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, Germany 

ZMCZ Department of Biology, Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai, 

China 

ZMFIB Zoological Museum, Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, 

Beijing, China; now at ASIZB 

ZMH Zoologisches Museum und Zoologisches Institut, Hamburg, 

Germany 

ZMMU Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Moscow, 

Russia 

ZMNH Zhejiang Museum of Natural History, Hangzhou, 

China 

ZMT State Museum of Georgia, Georgian Academy of Sciences, 

Tbilisi, Georgia 

ZMUC Museum of Zoology, University, Kobenhavn, Denmark 

ZMUU Zoologiska Museet, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, 

Sweden 

ZRC Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National 

University of Singapore, Singapore 

ZSI Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, India 

ZSI/APFS Arunachal Pradesh Regional Station, ZSI, Itanagar, 

India 

ZSI/ERS Eastern Regional Station, ZSI, Shillong, India 

ZSI/NRS Northern Regional Station, ZSI, Dehra Dun, India 

ZSI/SRS Southern Regional Station, ZSI, Madras, India 

ZSI/WGRS Western Ghat Regional Station, ZSI, Calicut, India 

ZSI/WRC Western Regional Centre, ZSI, Pune, India 

ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung, München, Germany

1 Gyrinocheilidae Gill, 1905 

Gyrinocheilidae Gill, 1905: 196 (type genus: Gyrinocheilus 

Vaillant, 1902: 107) 

1.1 Gyrinocheilus Vaillant, 1902 

Gyrinocheilus Vaillant, 1902: 107 (type species: Gyrinocheilus 

pustulosus Vaillant, 1902: 111, by monotypy). 

Gender masculine. 

Gyrinocheilops Fowler, 1937: 160 (type species: Gyrinocheilops 

pennocki Fowler, 1937: 161, by original 

designation). Gender masculine. 

Taxonomic notes. Revision by Roberts & Kottelat (1993). 

1.1.1 Gyrinocheilus aymonieri (Tirant, 1884) 

Psilorhynchus Aymonieri Tirant, 1884: 167, figs. 1–2 (type 

locality: Cambodia: tributaries of Prek-Tenot in the hills 

of Samrong Tong, 75 km from Phnom Penh; holotype: 

MGHNL 42000056, Kottelat, 1987a: 17, Roberts & 

Kottelat, 1993: 378, fig. 3b–c; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Gyrinocheilus kaznakovi Berg, 1906a: 306, 365 (type locality: 

Cambodia: Pailin, between Battambang and Schan- 

2 Botiidae Berg, 1940 

Botiidae Berg, 1940: 270 (type genus: Botia Gray, 1831b: 8) 

Leptobotiini Nalbant, 2002: 315 (type genus: Leptobotia 

Bleeker, 1870: 256) 

2.1. Ambastaia Kottelat, 2012 

Ambastaia Kottelat, 2012: 137 [appendix of present work] 

(type species: Botia nigrolineata Kottelat & Chu, 1987: 

395, by original designation). Gender feminine. 

2.1.1 Ambastaia nigrolineata (Kottelat & Chu, 1987) 

Botia nigrolineata Kottelat & Chu, 1987: 395, fig. 3 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Menghan, about 

21°50'N 100°23'E; holotype: KIZ 735198; misspelt 

niqrolineata p. 395, a type setter error, Code art. 32.5.1; 

adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

2.1.2 Ambastaia sidthimunki (Klausewitz, 1959) 

Botia sidthimunki Klausewitz, 1959: 51, figs. 1–3 (type locality: 

brooks of northern Thailand ["Loom district, Yom 

River"; Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010, no source stated] 

[Phetchaburi Province: probably Lom Sak district, 

16°46'46"N 101°14'32"E]; holotype: SMF 4505; noun 

in genitive, indeclinable) 


Family GYRINOCHEILIDAE 

Family BOTIIDAE 

14 

tabun [Chantaburi, in Thailand]; syntypes: ZISP 11254 

[2], Roberts & Kottelat, 1993: 381, fig. 3a; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Gyrinocheilus monchadskii Krasyukova & Gusev, 1987: 67, 

fig. 1, pl. 2 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Mekong River 

near Tchili; holotype: ZISP 48103, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 

2010; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

1.1.2 Gyrinocheilus pennocki (Fowler, 1937) 

Gyrinocheilops pennocki Fowler, 1937: 161, figs. 98–99 

(type locality: Thailand: Kemarat; holotype: ANSP 

68102, Böhlke, 1984: 112; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

1.1.3 Gyrinocheilus pustulosus Vaillant, 1902 

Gyrinocheilus pustulosus Vaillant, 1902: 111, figs. 30–32, 

pls. 1–2 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan 

Barat: Kapuas River basin: mouth of Raoen [Raun, 

0°39'N 113°10'E], upper Sibau; syntypes: RMNH 7796 

[1], 7797 [2], BMNH 1921.7.28.1 [1], Roberts & Kottelat, 

1993: 378, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

2.2 Botia Gray, 1381 

Botia Gray, 1831b: 8 (type species: Botia almorhae Gray, 

1831b: 8, by monotypy). Gender feminine. 

Hymenphysa M'Clelland, 1839: 443 (type species: Cobitis 

dario Hamilton, 1822: 354, by subsequent designation 

by Jordan, 1919: 195). Gender feminine. 

Diacantha Swainson, 1839: 190, 310 (subgenus of Canthophrys 

Swainson, 1838: 364; type species: Canthophrys 

zebra Swainson, 1839: 310, by subsequent designation 

by Swain, 1883: 282; also spelt Diacanthus p. 190, first 

reviser [Eschmeyer, 1990: 123] retained Diacantha as 

correct original spelling). Gender feminine. 

Hymenophysa Bleeker, 1858: 303 (incorrect subsequent 

spelling of Hymenphysa M'Clelland, 1839: 443, see Kottelat, 

2004a: 12) 

Nomenclatural notes. Bleeker (1858: 303) explicitly listed 

Hymenophysa as a name created by M'Clelland, without 

explaining the spelling change. Therefore it is not an emendation 

but an incorrect subsequent spelling (Code art. 33.1, 

33.3). 

Nalbant (2002: 317) used the name Hymenophysa for 

the species here placed in Syncrossus. Kottelat (2004a: 12) 

showed that the name Hymenophysa could not be used for 

these species and that, anyway, Hymenophysa being an in-

1.1.1 Gyrinocheilus aymonieri, CMK 22815, 80.5 mm SL; Laos: 

Mekong drainage: Nam Theun. 

1.1.1 Gyrinocheilus aymonieri, CMK 22799, 128 mm SL. 

correct spelling it is not available. Nalbant (2004: 270) 

claimed that the name in prevailing usage (Hymenophysa) 

should be maintained under Code art. 33.3.1. Nalbant interpreted 

Hymenphysa and Hymenophysa as two different 

names and therefore art. 33.3.1 is irrelevant since it applies 

only in cases of alternative spellings of a name, and not in 

case of alternative names for a taxon. 

Even though Hymenophysa is not a distinct name but an 

incorrect subsequent spelling of Hymenphysa, Code art. 

33.3.1 could not be used the way interpreted by Nalbant. 

This article states that an incorrect subsequent spelling has 

to be preserved when it is "in prevailing usage and attributed 

to the publication of the original spelling". Nalbant wished 

to retain Hymenophysa as spelt by Bleeker [supposed prevailing 

usage], and to use it for the genus called here Syncrossus, 

without attributing it to M'Clelland [original spelling] 

but to Bleeker (1858). Anyway, even if the spelling 

Hymenophysa had been attributed to M'Clelland, the type 

species remains Cobitis dario and the result remains that 

Hymenophysa is a junior synonym of Botia and cannot be 

used instead of Syncrossus. Further, Hymenophysa having 

almost never been used as the valid name of a genus, it is 

difficult to qualify it as 'prevailing usage'. 

2.2.1 Botia almorhae Gray, 1831 

Botia Almorhae Gray, 1831b: 8 (type locality: India: Uttarakhand: 

Almorah; holotype: BMNH 2002.9.18.1, Kullander 

et al., 1999: 137, Grant, 2007a: fig. 30; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Botia grandis Gray, 1832: vol. 1, pl. 94 fig. 3 (type locality: 

India: Uttarakhand: Almorah [29°37'12"N 79°40'12"E]; 

holotype: BMNH 2002.9.18.1; objective junior synonym 

of Botia almorhae Gray, 1831b: 8; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Schistura maculata M'Clelland, 1839: 307 (unnecessary replacement 

name for Botia grandis Gray, 1832: vol. 1, pl. 


15 

2.1.1. Ambastaia nigrolineata; top: CMK16043, 32.8 mm SL; 

Thailand: Chao Phraya drainage: Nan; bottom: CMK 21861, 65.1 

mm SL; Laos: Mekong drainage: Xekong. 

94 fig. 3; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Botia Blythi Bleeker, 1863a: 39 (type locality: India: Uttarakhand: 

Almorah [29°37'12"N 79°40'12"E]; syntypes: 

BMNH 2002.9.18.1 [1], ZSI ?; available by indication 

to Schistura grandis of M'Clelland, 1839: 307, 444 and 

Syncrossus grandis of Blyth, 1860: 165; actually, C. grandis 

of M'Clelland is a new combination of Botia grandis 

Gray, 1832; M'Clelland's description is exclusively based 

on drawing in Gray, 1832; Blyth's record is based on a 

specimen from Almorah; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

2.2.2 Botia birdi Chaudhuri, 1910 

Botia birdi Chaudhuri, 1910a: 339 (type locality: India: 

Ambala: Rupar [Rupnagar, 30°57'59"N 76°31'59"E], 

where Sirhind Canal diverges from Sutlej River, Indus 

River drainage; syntypes: ZSI F 3578–3580/1 [3], Menon 

& Yazdani, 1968: 120; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Botia javedi Mirza & Syed, 1995: 379, fig. (type locality: 

Pakistan: Michni, 34°11'N 71°28'E, about 24 km north 

of Peshawar, Kabul River system, Indus River drainage; 

holotype: GCMNH 17F; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

2.2.3 Botia dario (Hamilton, 1822) 

Cobitis dario Hamilton, 1822: 354, 394, pl. 29 fig. 95 (type 

locality: India: "northern rivers of Bengal" [Bangladesh: 

Dumdumma, Dinajpur District, 25°37'N 88°38'E; Hora, 

1935a: 49]; types: NT; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Cobitis geto Hamilton, 1822: 355, 394, pl. 11 fig. 96 (type 

locality: India: "north-eastern parts of Bengal" [Goalpara; 

Hora, 1935a: 49]; simultaneous subjective synonym of 

Cobitis dario Hamilton, 1822: 354; first reviser [Günther, 

1868: 366] gave precedence to C. dario; types: NT; noun 

in apposition, indeclinable) 

Canthophrys flavicauda Swainson, 1839: 310 (available by 

indication to Hamilton, 1822: pl. 29 fig. 95 [which is 

Cobitis dario]; type locality: India: "northern rivers of 

Bengal" [Bangladesh: Dumdumma, Dinajpur District, 

25°37'N 88°38'E; Hora, 1935a: 49]; types: NT; compound 

noun, indeclinable) 

Canthophrys zebra Swainson, 1839: 310 (available by indication 

to Hamilton, 1822: pl. 11 fig. 96 [which is Cobitis 

geto]; type locality: India: "north-eastern parts of Ben-

gal" [Goalpara; Hora, 1935a: 49]; types: NT; noun in 

apposition, indeclinable) 

Botia macrolineata Teugels, De Vos & Snoeks, 1986: 188, 

fig. 2 (type locality: India: reportedly from about 100 

km from Bombay; holotype: IRSNB 701; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

2.2.4 Botia histrionica Blyth, 1860 

Botia histrionica Blyth, 1860: 166 (type locality: Burma: 

Tenasserim; holotype: ZSI F 2634/1, Menon & Yazdani, 

1968: 120; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

2.2.5 Botia kubotai Kottelat, 2004 

Botia kubotai Kottelat, 2004a: 2, fig. 1 (type locality: Myanmar: 

Kayin State [Karen]: stream "Chon Son" between 

Kyondaw and Phadaw, about 20 km northwest of 

Payathouzu [Payathonzu] (at border with Thailand), about 

15°25'N 98°15'E; holotype: MHNG 2644.24; noun in 

genitive, indeclinable) 

2.2.6 Botia lohachata Chaudhuri, 1912 

Botia lohachata Chaudhuri, 1912: 441, pl. 40 fig. 2 (type 

locality: India: Bihar: Gandak River in Saran; holotype: 

ZSI F 8068/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 120; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

2.2.7 Botia rostrata Günther, 1868 

? Botia nebulosa Blyth, 1860: 165 (type locality: India: 

Darjeeling; holotype: ZSI F 2637/1, Menon & Yazdani, 


Botia rostrata Günther, 1868: 367, fig. (type locality: India: 

Ganges and Assam; syntypes: BMNH 1855.12.26.694 

[1], 1860.3.19.114 [1], Grant, 2007a: figs. 11–12; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Botia dayi Hora, 1932b: 571 (type locality: India: Mahanaddi 

River [Mahananda, flowing through Siliguri, 

26°41'52"N 88°23'34"E] at base of Darjiling [Darjeeling] 

Himalayas; holotype: ZSI F 11299/1, Menon & 

Yazdani, 1968: 120; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Nomenclatural notes. Botia nebulosa has usually been listed 

as a synonym of Acanthocobitis botia but Blyth (1860: 

165) unambiguously described it as a species of Botia, with 

the branched suborbital spine. Grant (2007a: unnumb. p. 16) 

conjectured that it might be a senior synonym of B. rostrata. 

Assuming they are synonyms, B. nebulosa cannot be declared 

nomen oblitum under Code art. 23.9.1 because it has been 

used (though rarely) as the valid name for a species after 

1899 (e.g. Negi, 1994: 156). As long as the identity of B. 

nebulosa is not established by examination of the holotype, 

B. rostrata should be retained as the valid name of the species. 

2.2.8 Botia striata Narayan Rao, 1920 

Botia striata Narayan Rao, 1920: 60, pl. 2 fig. 4 (type locality: 

India: Maharasthra: Thunga River in Shimoga town; 

holotype: BMNH 1919.11.19.8–12 [1 of 5], Eschmeyer 

& Fricke, 2010 [specimens listed as syntypes by Menon 

& Yazdani, 1968: 121 are not syntypes]; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

Botia striata var. kolhapurensis Kalawar & Kelkar, 1958: 


16 

677 (type locality: India: Maharashtra: Kolhapur; syntypes: 

[LU] 6750; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

2.2.9 Botia udomritthiruji Ng, 2007 

Botia udomritthiruji Ng, 2007: 42, figs. 1–3 (type locality: 

Myanmar: Taninthayi Division: Tenasserim River drainage 

in the vicinity of Same, 13°36'N 99°02'E; holotype: 

UMMZ 248184; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

2.3 Chromobotia Kottelat, 2004 

Chromobotia Kottelat, 2004a: 13 (type species: Cobitis 

macracanthus Bleeker, 1852: 603, by original designation). 

Gender feminine. 

2.3.1 Chromobotia macracanthus (Bleeker, 1852) 

Cobitis macracanthus Bleeker, 1852: 603 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Sumatra: Kwanten River [Kuantan]; lectotype: 

RMNNH 7058, designated by Alfred, 1961: 34; compound 


2.4 Leptobotia Bleeker, 1870 

Leptobotia Bleeker, 1870: 256 (type species: Botia elongata 

Bleeker, 1870: 254, by monotypy). Gender feminine. 

Species inquirendae et incertae sedis 

Nemacheilus cheni Herre & Lin, 1936: 20, fig. 6 (type locality: 

upper Tsien Tang; holotype: LU [paratypes [2]: CAS- 

SU 35257 [1], Böhlke, 1953: 40]; noun in genitive, indeclinable). 

Apparently a Leptobotia. 

Botia variegata Günther, 1889a: 228 (type locality: China: 

Sichuan: Yangtsze-Kiang, Ichang [Hubei: Ychang, 

30°43'N 111°17'N]; syntypes: BMNH 1889.6.25.28–29 

[2]; secondary junior homonym of Cobitis variegata 

Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191, when treated as valid in 

Botia; also in Günther, 1892: 249; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

2.4.1 Leptobotia elongata (Bleeker, 1870) 

Botia elongata Bleeker, 1870: 254, pl. (type locality: China: 

Yang-Tse-Kiang [Yangtze]; holotype: MNHN 5930, Bertin 

& Estève, 1948: 94; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Cobitis variegata Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191, pl. 49 fig. 5 

(type locality: China: Yetchuen; holotype: MNHN ?; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Botia citrauratea Nichols, 1925a: 5 (type locality: China: 

Hunan: Tungting Lake; holotype: AMNH 8402; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

2.4.2 Leptobotia flavolineata Wang, 1981 

Leptobotia flavolineata Wang, 1981: 1, pl. (type locality: 

China: Beijing: Shidu Fangshan County: Juma River; 

holotype: BMAM 772196; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

2.4.3 Leptobotia guilinensis Chen, 1980 

Leptobotia guilinensis Chen, 1980: 15, fig. 5 (type locality: 

China: Guangxi: Guilin; syntypes: IHB 587705, 712, 809, 

827, 7541652, 1654–1656, 1705–1707, 1709, 1710, 

1712, 2223, 2224 [16]; adjective, -is, -is, -e)

2.2.5 Botia kubotai, MHNG 2664.24, 84.9 mm SL, holotype; 

Myanmar: Ataran drainage. 

2.3.1 Chromobotia macracanthus, CMK 10304, 54.7 mm SL; 

Indonesia: Borneo: Kapuas drainage. 

2.4.4 Leptobotia hengyangensis Huang & Zhang, 1986 

Leptobotia hengyangensis Huang & Zhang, 1986: 99 (type 

locality: China: Hunan: Changjiang River [Xiang-jiang]: 

Heng-Yang; syntypes: IHB 80037, 80013 [2]; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

2.4.5 Leptobotia microphthalma Fu & Ye, 1983 

Leptobotia microphthalma Fu & Ye, 1983: 121, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Sichuan: Leshan County: Min River 

drainage; syntypes: Dept. Zool. Sichuan Agric. Coll. 6- 

1040 [1], IHB 6-1118 [1]; compound adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

2.4.6 Leptobotia orientalis Xu, Fang & Wang, 1981 

Leptobotia orientalis Xu, Fang & Wang, 1981: 379, fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Shanxi: Danfeng County: Wuguan 

River; holotype: IZSX 80VI0074; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

2.4.7 Leptobotia pellegrini Fang, 1936 

Leptobotia pellegrini Fang, 1936: 29 (type locality: China: 

Sichuan; holotype: NRIBAS 1779; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. The species figured as L. elongata by 

Kottelat (2001a: fig. 102) and Nguyen (2005: 206, fig. 103) 

is apparently L. pellegrini. 

2.4.8 Leptobotia posterodorsalis Lan & Chen, in Chen & 

Lan, 1992 

Leptobotia posterodorsalis Lan & Chen, in Chen & Lan, 

1992: 106, fig. 3 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Huanjiang 

County; holotype: IHB 87067044; compound noun, 

indeclinable) 

2.4.9 Leptobotia punctata Li, Li & Chen, 2008 

Leptobotia punctatus Li, Li & Chen, 2008: 630, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Guangxi. Qianjiang River in Guiping City, 

23°24'N 110°24'E; holotype: ASIZB 07 X PRFRI 001; 



17 

2.4.7 Leptobotia pellegrini, CMK 21967, 71.6 mm SL; Vietnam: 

Pearl River drainage. 

2.5.4 Parabotia curtus, RMNH 28128, 79.7 mm SL; Japan: Osaka. 

2.4.10 Leptobotia rubrilabris Dabry de Thiersant, 1872 

Leptobotia rubrilabris Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191, pl. 49 

fig. 8 (type locality: China: Yang-tsee-kiang [Yangtze]; 

holotype: MNHN 5085, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 84; compound 


Botia pratti Günther, 1892: 250, pl. 4 fig. A (type locality: 

China: Sichuan: Kia-tiang-fu, foot of Omie-shan [Omei 

Shan]; syntypes: BMNH 1891.6.13:35–37 [3], Fang, 

1936: 43; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Botia fangi Tchang, 1930: 51, fig. 5 (type locality: China: 

Sichuan; holotype: LU or possibly MNHN [paratype: 

MNHN 1934.174, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 94]; noun in 


2.4.11 Leptobotia taeniops (Sauvage, 1878) 

Cobitis Cha-ny Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191, pl. 49 fig. 9 

(name not binominal, not available; locality: China: "rivière 

de Kouei-tcheou-fou (Sse-tchuen)" [Sichuan: river 

of Kweichow-fu = river of Guizhou-fu [Guiyang]; this 

apparently means "in Sichuan, in river that flows from 

Guiyang", i.e. Nanning He, which becomes Wu Jiang]) 

Parabotia taeniops Sauvage, 1878a: 90 (type locality: China: 

Yang-tse-kiang [Yangtze]; holotype: MNHN 5086, 

Bertin & Estève, 1948: 84; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Leptobotia purpurea Nichols, 1925a: 4, fig. 3 (type locality: 

China: Hunan: Huping, Tungting Lake; holotype: AMNH 

8401; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

2.4.12 Leptobotia tchangi Fang, 1936 

Leptobotia tchangi Fang, 1936: 40 (type locality: China: 

Zhejiang: Hsia-chiao-kou near West Tien-mu-shan; holotype: 

"West Lake Museum" [? paratype: MNHN 

1934.175, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 94]; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

2.4.13 Leptobotia tientainensis (Wu, 1930) 

Botia tientainensis Wu, 1930: 258, fig. 3 (type locality: China: 

Tche-kiang: brook in Tien-Tai hill; holotype: MNHN 

1934.176, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 84; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Botia compressicauda Nichols, 1931c: 2 (type locality: China: 

northwestern Fukien [Fujian]: Chungan Hsien 

[Chong'an County]; holotype: AMNH 9682; compound 

noun, indeclinable)

Leptobotia tientaiensis hansuiensis Fang & Hsu, 1980: 265, 

fig. 1 (type locality: China: Shaanxi: Langao; holotype: 

IZSX 790236; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

2.5 Parabotia Dabry de Thiersant, 1872 

Parabotia Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191 (type species: 

Parabotia fasciatus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191, by 

subsequent designation by Fang, 1936: 4). Gender masculine 

[Code art. 30.2.3]. 

Nomenclatural notes. Dabry de Thiersant (1872: 191) did 

not indicate the gender of the genus Parabotia when he created 

it. As Parabotia is not and does not end with a Latin, 

Greek or Western European word (Code art. 30.2.1), its gender 

is determined by that of adjectivial species-group names 

originally included. Two nominal species were originally 

included, P. fasciatus and P. rubrilabris. Rubrilabris is a noun 

in apposition and therefore uninformative. Fasciatus is an 

adjective with a masculine declension, therefore the gender 

of Parabotia is masculine. This is unfortunate, since all other 

genus names ending in -botia are feminine, but it cannot 

be changed. 

2.5.1 Parabotia banarescui (Nalbant, 1965) 

Leptobotia banarescui Nalbant, 1965: 2, fig. 4 (type locality: 

China: Hupeh: Yangtze at Wutchang [Wuhan]; holotype: 

ISBB 1332; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

2.5.2 Parabotia bimaculatus Chen, 1980 

Parabotia bimaculata Chen, 1980: 11, fig. 3 (type locality: 

China: Sichuan: Lu-Xian; syntypes: IHB 58426, 58530, 

58532–536, 585243, 585244, 584284, 583023, 583029, 

583053, 583057 [13]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

2.5.3 Parabotia brevirostris Zhu & Zhu, 2012 

Parabotia brevirostris Zhu & Zhu, 2012: 448, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Guangxi: Du'an County: Hongshui river, 

Pearl River drainage; holotype: FLFS 2008005; compound 


2.5.4 Parabotia curtus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) 

Cobitis curta Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 223, pl. 103 fig. 4 

(type locality: Japan [surroundings of Nagasaki]; holotype: 

RMNH 2708, Boeseman, 1947: 167; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

2.5.5 Parabotia dubius Kottelat, 2001 

Botia elongata Mai, 1978: 240, fig. 110 (type locality: northern 

Vietnam: Chay River, Thac Ba reservoir; holotype: 

DVZUT; junior primary homonym of Botia elongata 

Bleeker, 1870: 254; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Parabotia dubia Kottelat, 2001a: 50 (replacement name for 

Botia elongata Mai, 1978: 240; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

? Parabotia kimluani Nguyen, 2005: 553, fig. 5 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Tuyen Quang Province: Na Hang district: 

Gam River; holotype: NCNTTSI; etymology unknown, 

either noun in genitive or in apposition, both indeclinable) 

? Parabotia vancuongi Nguyen, 2005: 555, fig. 6 (type locality: 



18 

Gam River; holotype: NCNTTSI; subjective simultaneous 

synonym of Parabotia kimluani Nguyen, 2005: 

553; as first reviser, I give precedence to Parabotia kimluani; 

also spelt vacuongi p. 686, as first reviser I select 

vancuongi as the correct original spelling; etymology 

unknown, either noun in genitive or in apposition, both 

indeclinable) 

2.5.6 Parabotia fasciatus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872 

Parabotia fasciatus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191, pl. 49 

fig. 7 (type locality: China: Yang-tsee-kiang [Yangtze]; 

holotype: MNHN 5088, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 92; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Nemachilus xanthi Günther, 1888: 434 (type locality: China: 

Sichuan: Yangtsze-Kiang at Ichang [Hubei: Ychang, 

30°43'N 111°17'N]; holotype: BMNH 1888.5.15.43; 

noun in genitive or in apposition, indeclinable) 

Botia multifasciata Regan, 1905c: 389, pl. 5 fig. 3 (type locality: 

China [Tung-Kung, east of Guangdong, on East River; 

Mahnert, 1976: 473]; holotype: MHNG 677.98, Mahnert, 


Leptobotia intermedia Mori, 1929: 384 (type locality: China: 

Tsi-nan; holotype: LU; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Leptobotia hopeiensis Shaw & Tchang, 1931: 70, fig. 3 (type 

locality: China: Shao-ho, about 60 li [then about 25 km] 

north of Beijing; holotype: ZMFIB 5378; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

Leptobotia kudoii Mori, 1933: 13, fig. (type locality: China: 

Manchuria [now in Jilin Province]: Sungari River near 

Kirin [Jilin City]; holotype: LU; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Botia kwangsiensis Fang, 1936: 13 (type locality: China: 

Guangxi: Ling-yüng-shien / Nan-gning / Pai-Sê; syntypes: 

NRIBAS 780, 808, 821–824, 907–909, 1085, 1188–1189 

[13 ?], MNHN 1940.142, AMNH 12971 [ex NRIBAS 

1084], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 92, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 

2010; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Botia wui Chang, 1944: 48, fig. 2 (type locality: China: Sichuan: 

Loshan in Min River drainage; syntypes [2]: [LU] 

2134 [1], 2135 [1]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

2.5.7 Parabotia heterocheilus Zhu & Chen, in Ni & Wu, 

2006 

Parabotia heterocheila Zhu & Chen, in Ni & Wu, 2006: 

383, fig. 180 (type locality: China: Jiangsu: Nanjing 

Municipality: Xi Jiang stream near its mouth, a small tributary 

of Chiang Jiang River, at Jiangpu; holotype: FFRIJ 

200211001; compound adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

2.5.8 Parabotia kiangsiensis Liu & Guo, 1986 

Parabotia kiangsiensis Liu & Guo, 1986: 69, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Jiangxi: Sin River; syntypes: Department 

of Biology, Jiangxi University 815181, 815326, 840512, 

840513 [4]; syntypes because listed as 2 holotypes and 2 

paratypes; also spelt kiangensis on p. 70, an obvious inadvertent 

error, thus incorrect original spelling [Code art. 

32.5.1]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

2.5.9 Parabotia lijiangensis Chen, 1980 

Parabotia lijiangensis Chen, 1980: 11, fig. 2 (type locality:

China: Guangxi: Guilin: syntypes: IHB 587746, 780, 782, 

802, 806, 75IV2263, 2264, 2258 [8]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

2.5.10 Parabotia maculosus (Wu, 1939) 

Botia maculosa Wu, 1939: 121, pl. 3 fig. 6 (type locality: 

China: Guangxi: Li-Kiang in Yongso; syntypes: [LU] 

271–272 [2]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

2.5.11 Parabotia mantschuricus (Berg, 1907) 

Leptobotia mantschurica Berg, 1907b: 420 (type locality: 

China: Heilongjiang: Mutang-kiang [Mudan Jiang River] 

near E-ho, a tributary of Sungari River [Songhua 

Jiang], Amur drainage; syntypes: ZISP 14085 [2]; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

2.5.12 Parabotia parvus Chen, 1980 

Parabotia parva Chen, 1980: 12, fig. 4 (type locality: China: 

Guangxi: Bopai [? Bobai, 22°13'00"N 109°55'00"E]; 

syntypes: IHB 75V3614, 3616–3623, 3625–3632, 3634– 

3637 [21]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

2.6 Sinibotia Fang, 1936 

Sinibotia Fang, 1936: 19 (subgenus of Botia Gray, 1831b: 8; 

type species: Botia superciliaris Günther, 1892: 250, by 

original designation). Gender feminine. 

2.6.1 Sinibotia longiventralis (Yang & Chen, 1992) 

Botia longiventralis Yang & Chen, 1992: 344, fig. 3 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Weixi County: small stream and 

Lancangjiang [Mekong] near Baijixun [27°21'N 

99°06'E]; holotype: KIZ 748660; compound noun, indeclinable) 

2.6.2 Sinibotia pulchra (Wu, 1939) 

Botia pulchra Wu, 1939: 124, pl. 2 fig. 4 (type locality: 

China: Guangxi: Li-Kiang at Yangso; syntypes: LU, 405– 

406 [2]; adjective, -er, -ra, -rum) 

Botia gigantea Mai, 1978: 239, fig. 109 (type locality: northern 

Vietnam; types: DVZUT; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

2.6.3 Sinibotia reevesae (Chang, 1944) 

Botia reevesae Chang, 1944: 49 (type locality: China: Sichuan: 

Yaotan at Wachang, Luhsien; syntypes: LU, 3028, 

3031, 3051, 3065 [4]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

2.6.4 Sinibotia robusta (Wu, 1939) 

Botia robusta Wu, 1939: 122, pl. 2 fig. 5 (type locality: China: 

Guangxi: Li-Kiang at Yangso; syntypes: LU, 278– 


Botia hexafurca Mai, 1978: 238, fig. 108 (type locality: northern 

Vietnam: Tay Giang basin; types: DVZUT; compound 


2.6.5 Sinibotia superciliaris (Günther, 1892) 

Botia superciliaris Günther, 1892: 250, pl. 4 fig. B (type 

locality: China: Sichuan: Kia-tiang-fu, foot of Omie-shan 

[Omei Shan]; syntypes: BMNH 1891.6.13.30–34 [5], 

Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; compound noun, indeclinable) 


19 

2.6.6 Sinibotia zebra (Wu, 1939) 

Botia zebra Wu, 1939: 126, pl. 3 fig. 9 (type locality: China: 

Guangxi: Li-Kiang at Yangso; holotype: LU, 407; noun 


Taxonomic notes. Generic placement follows Tang et al. 

(2008). 

2.7 Syncrossus Blyth, 1860 

Syncrossus Blyth, 1860: 166 (type species: Syncrossus berdmorei 

Blyth, 1860: 166, by subsequent designation by 

Jordan & Fowler, 1903: 772 ["Schistura grandis apud 

McClelland" qualifies as a deliberate application of a 

previous (mis)identification, Code art. 67.2.1, and therefore 

two species are included; Cobitis (Schistura) grandis 

in M'Clelland, 1839: 307, 444 in fact is a new combination 

of Botia grandis Gray, 1832: vol. 1, pl. 94 fig. 3; 

"apud" means "in an author"). Gender masculine. 

Nomenclatural notes. See under Botia Gray, 1831 for discussion 

of Hymenphysa M'Clelland, 1839 and Hymenophysa 

Bleeker, 1858, erroneously used for the present genus. 

2.7.1 Syncrossus beauforti (Smith, 1931) 

Botia beauforti Smith, 1931: 2, fig. 1 (type locality: Thailand: 

Nakon Sritamarat Province: Tadi Stream at Ban 

Kiriwong; holotype: USNM 90285; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

2.7.2 Syncrossus berdmorei Blyth, 1860 

Syncrossus Berdmorei Blyth, 1860: 166 (type locality: Burma: 

Tenasserim provinces; syntypes: ZSI F 2636/1 [4], 

Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 120; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

2.7.3 Syncrossus helodes (Sauvage, 1876) 

Botia helodes Sauvage, 1876: 99 (type locality: Cambodia: 

Tma-Kré; holotype: MNHN 8595, Kottelat, 1984a: 807; 

noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

2.7.4 Syncrossus hymenophysa (Bleeker, 1852) 

Cobitis hymenophysa Bleeker, 1852: 602 (type locality: Indonesia: 

Sumatra: Palembang; holotype: RMNH 7059, 

Alfred, 1961: 33; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Hymenophysa MacClellandi Bleeker, 1859a: 358 (unnecessary 

replacement name for Cobitis hymenophysa Bleeker, 

1852: 602; material listed as types by Fricke, 1991: 

12 has no type status; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

2.7.5 Syncrossus lucasbahi (Fowler, 1937) 

Botia lucas-bahi Fowler, 1937: 154, fig. 70 (type locality: 

Thailand: Tachin [Tha Chin, Samut Sakhon; 13°32'22"N 

100°15'20"E]; holotype: ANSP 68005, Grant, 2007b: fig. 


Botia Beauforti var. formosa Pellegrin & Fang, 1940: 119, 

fig. 5 (type locality: Laos: Ban Nam Khueng, 30 km northwest 

of Ban Houei Sai, about 6 km from Mekong; syntypes: 

MNHN 1939.218–220 [5]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Botia yunnanensis Chen, 1980: 6, fig. 1 (type locality: China: 

Yunnan: Jinghong; holotype: IHB 638040, Grant, 

2007b: fig. 84; adjective, -is, -is, -e)

2.6.4 Sinibotia robusta, CMK10824, 66.3 mm SL; China: aquarium-fish 

trade. 

2.7.2 Syncrossus berdmorei, CMK 18421, 111 mm SL; Myanmar: 

Ataran drainage. 

2.7.6 Syncrossus reversus (Roberts, 1989) 

Botia reversa Roberts, 1989: 102, fig. 76 (type locality: Indonesia: 

Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sungei Pinoh, 37 km 

south of Nangapinoh; MZB 3521; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

2.8 Yasuhikotakia Nalbant, 2002 

Yasuhikotakia Nalbant, 2002: 317 (type species: Botia modesta 

Bleeker, 1864c: 11, by original designation). Gender 

feminine. 

2.8.1 Yasuhikotakia caudipunctata (Taki & Doi, 1995) 

Botia caudipunctata Taki & Doi, 1995: 150, fig. 3 (type locality: 

Laos: Mekong River at Hatsalao, near Pakse; holotype: 

NSMT P 35935; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

2.8.2 Yasuhikotakia eos (Taki, 1972) 

Botia eos Taki, 1972: 66, fig. 1 (type locality: Laos: Nam 

Ngum at mouth of Nam Khon at Tha Ngon, about 22 km 

north of Vientiane; holotype: NSMT P 14537; noun in 


2.8.3 Yasuhikotakia lecontei (Fowler, 1937) 

Botia lecontei Fowler, 1937: 156, figs. 71–74 (type locality: 

Thailand: Kemarat; holotype: ANSP 68006; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

? Botia pulchripinnis Paysan, 1970: 156, pl. 13 fig. 10 (type 

locality: "Southeast Asia" [aquarium material imported 

from Thailand]; syntypes: at least the specimen on which 

the figure is based, not preserved; compound noun, indeclinable) 

2.8.4 Yasuhikotakia longidorsalis (Taki & Doi, 1995) 

Botia longidorsalis Taki & Doi, 1995: 148, fig. 1 (type locality: 

Laos: Mekong River at Hatsalao, near Pakse; holotype: 

NSMT P 35940; compound noun, indeclinable) 


20 

2.8.2 Yasuhikotakia eos, CMK 17124, 57.7 mm SL; Laos: Mekong 

drainage: Xe Bangfai. 

2.8.2 Yasuhikotakia eos, CMK 23084, 88.9 mm SL. 

2.8.5 Yasuhikotakia modesta (Bleeker, 1864) 

Botia modesta Bleeker, 1864c: 11 (type locality: Thailand: 

Ayuthaya; syntypes: MNHN 1851 [7], Bertin & Estève, 

1948: 91; figured in Bleeker, 1870: pl.; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

Botia rubripinnis Sauvage, 1876: 100 (type locality: Cambodia: 

Phnom Penh; lectotype: MNHN 9545, designated by 

Kottelat, 1984a: 809; compound noun, indeclinable) 

2.8.6 Yasuhikotakia morleti (Tirant, 1885) 

Botia Morleti Tirant, 1885: 155 [1929: 133] (type locality: 

Vietnam: Thu-dau-mot; syntypes: MGHNL [lost, Kottelat, 

1987a: 17]; named for malacologist L.-J. Morlet, not 

to be confused with P.-A. Morelet, see Crosse, 1893: 75, 


Botia horae Smith, 1931: 4, fig. 2 (type locality: Thailand: 

Kanchanaburi Province: "west fork (Kwe Noi) of the 

Meklong" [Kwai Noi River]; holotype: USNM 90286; 

Hora is treated as a Latinized name and horae is correct 

original spelling [Code art. 31.1.1 and Example]; noun 


2.8.7 Yasuhikotakia splendida (Roberts, 1995) 

Botia splendida Roberts, 1995: 463, figs. 1–2 (type locality: 

Laos: Attapu Province: Xe Pian 5–6 km upstream from 

Ban Hin Lat and 1 km downstream from Se Pa waterfall, 

14°45'10"N 106°27'50"E; holotype: ZRC 39215; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um)

3.1.1 Vaillantella cinnamomea, CMK 21831, 68.3 mm SL; Indonesia: 

Borneo: Mahakam drainage. 

4.1.1 Acanthopsoides delphax, CMK 16178, 56.5 mm SL; Thailand: 

Salween drainage: Mae Hon Son. 

4.2.3 Acantopsis spectabilis, CMK 14683, 146 mm SL; Thailand: 

Salween drainage: Mae Nam Moei. 

3 Vaillantellidae Nalbant & Banarescu, 1977 

Vaillantellinae Nalbant & Bănărescu, 1977: 100 (type genus: 

Vaillantella Fowler, 1905a: 474) 

3.1 Vaillantella Fowler, 1905 

Vaillantella Fowler, 1905a: 474 (type species: Nemacheilus 

euepipterus Vaillant, 1902: 137, by original designation). 


3.1.1 Vaillantella cinnamomea Kottelat 

Vaillantella cinnamomea Kottelat, 1994a: 428, fig. 1 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Mahakam 

drainage: Sungei Behernas, a blackwater tributary 

of Mahakam River immediately upriver of Merimun, 

0°05'S 115°47'E; holotype: MZB 5893; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

4 Cobitidae Swainson, 1838 

Cobitidae Swainson, 1838: 360 (type genus: Cobitis Linnaeus, 

1758: 303; correct spelling confirmed by ICZN, 

1988: 178 [Opinion 1500]). See Steyskal (1980: 170) 

for gramatically correct (but nomenclaturally incorrect) 

spelling of the name. 

Acanthopsides Heckel & Kner, 1858: 296 (type genus: Acanthopsis 

Agassiz, 1832: 134, not Acantopsis van Hasselt, 

1823: 133) 

Misgurninae Fowler, 1905a: 474 (type genus: Misgurnus La 

Cepède, 1803: 16) 


Family VAILLANTELLIDAE 

Family COBITIDAE 

21 

4.2 Acantopsis sp., CMK 23079, 88.4 mm SL; Laos:Mekong drainage: 

Xe Bangfai. 

3.1.2 Vaillantella euepiptera (Vaillant, 1902) 

Nemacheilus euepipterus Vaillant, 1902: 137, fig. 41 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Pontianak; 

lectotype: RMNH 7781, designated by Nalbant & 

Bănărescu, 1977: 101; compound adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

3.1.3 Vaillantella maassi Weber & de Beaufort, 1912 

Vaillantella Maassi Weber & de Beaufort, 1912: 532, pl. 12 

fig. 2 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Gunung Sahilan 

on Kampar Kiri; holotype: ZMA 100.993 Nijssen et al., 


Vaillantella flavofasciata Tweedie, 1956: 59, pl. 6 fig. b (type 

locality: Malaysia: Pahang: King George V National Park 

[Taman Negara], Tahan River near Kuala Tahan; holotype: 

BMNH 1957.1.23.4; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.1 Acanthopsoides Fowler, 1934 

Acanthopsoides Fowler, 1934: 103 (type species: Acanthopsoides 

gracilis Fowler, 1934: 103, by original designation). 


Neacanthopsis Smith, 1945: 297 (type species: Neacanthopsis 

gracilentus Smith, 1945: 297, by original designation). 


4.1.1 Acanthopsoides delphax Siebert, 1991 

Acanthopsoides delphax Siebert, 1991a: 105, fig. 6 (type 

locality: Thailand: Salween River at Mae Sahm [Mae

Sahm Leap], west of Mae Sariang; holotype: USNM 

229043; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

4.1.2 Acanthopsoides gracilentus (Smith, 1945) 

Neacanthopsis gracilentus Smith, 1945: 297, fig. 61 (type 

locality: Thailand: Mae Ping River, north of Chiang Mai; 

holotype: USNM 107952; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Acanthopsoides namromensis Nguyen, 2005: 559, fig. 8 

(type locality: Vietnam: Dien Bien Province: Mekong 

drainage: Nam Rom River; holotype: NCNTTSI; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

4.1.3 Acanthopsoides gracilis Fowler, 1934 

Acanthopsoides gracilis Fowler, 1934: 103, fig. 55 (type 

locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai; holotype: ANSP 56999; 

adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

4.1.4 Acanthopsoides hapalias Siebert, 1991 

Acanthopsoides hapalias Siebert, 1991a: 106, fig. 7 (type 

species: Thailand: Nakhon Ratchasima Province: Mekong 

basin: Mae Nam Mun about 2 km downstream from Phimai, 

15°14'N 102°31'E; holotype: USNM 271723; noun 


4.1.5 Acanthopsoides molobrion Siebert, 1991 

Acanthopsoides molobrion Siebert, 1991a: 107, fig. 8 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Boh River; 

holotype: RMNH 31273; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

4.1.6 Acanthopsoides robertsi Siebert, 1991 

Acanthopsoides robertsi Siebert, 1991a: 109, fig. 10 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: small 

oxbow off Kapuas River opposite Empangau, 124 km 

northeast of Sintang; 0°44'N 112°23'E; holotype: CAS 


4.2 Acantopsis van Hasselt, 1823 

Acantopsis van Hasselt, 1823: 133 (type species: Acantopsis 

dialuzona van Hasselt, 1823: 133, by monotypy). 


Acanthopsis van Hasselt, 1824: 376, 377 (incorrect subsequent 

spelling of Acantopsis van Hasselt, 1823: 133) 

? Aperioptus Richardson, 1848: 27 (type species: Aperioptus 

pictorius Richardson, 1848: 27, by monotypy). Gender 

masculine. 

Prostheacanthus Blyth, 1860: 167 (type species: Prostheacanthus 

spectabilis Blyth, 1860: 167, by monotypy). 


4.2.1 Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt, 1823 

Acantopsis Dialuzona van Hasselt, 1823: 133 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes: RMNH 

2707 [1]; unpublished van Hasselt's figure reproduced 

in Roberts, 1993: fig. 25; compound noun, indeclinable) 

? Aperioptus pictorius Richardson, 1848: 27, pl. 10 fig. 4 

(type locality: Borneo; syntypes [2]: lost; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

Acanthopsis biaculeata Rüppell, 1852: 28 (nomen nudum) 


22 

Cobitis choirorhynchos Bleeker, 1854b: 95 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Sumatra: Palembang: at confluence of Lamatang 

and Enim Rivers; lectotype: RMNH 4977, designated 

by Alfred, 1961: 33; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Cobitis macrorhynchos Bleeker, 1854b: 95 (unnecessary 

replacement name for Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt, 

1823: 133 [lectotype designation by Alfred, 1961: 34, is 

invalid as this is a replacement name and not a new name]; 

compound noun, indeclinable) 

4.2.2 Acantopsis octoactinotos Siebert, 1991 

Acantopsis octoactinotos Siebert, 1991b: 910, fig. 2 (type 

locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kinabatangan District: 

tributary of Kinabantangan River in lowlands near 

Sungei Deramakot, approx. 5°18'N 117°33'E; holotype: 

FMNH 68148; compound noun, indeclinable) 

4.2.3 Acantopsis spectabilis (Blyth, 1860) 

Prostheacanthus spectabilis Blyth, 1860: 167 (type locality: 

Burma: Tenasserim provinces; types: ? ZSI; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

? Acantopsis multistigmatus Vishwanath & Laisram, 2005: 

433, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Chindwin drainage: 

Lokchao stream, a tributary of Yu River; holotype: 

MUMF 3044; also spelt mu/tistigmatus p. 435, an obvious 

inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spelling 

[Code art. 32.5.1]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.2.4 Acantopsis thiemmedhi Sontirat, 1999 

Acanthopsis thiemmedhi Sontirat, 1997: 99 (not available, 

name published in meeting material, Code art. 9.9) 

Acantopsis thiemmedhi Sontirat, 1999: 66, fig. 1 (type locality: 

Thailand: Uthaithani Province: Amphoe Lan Sak: 

Huey Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Huey Nam Khoon; 

holotype: KUMF 3131; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

4.3 Bibarba Chen & Chen, 2007 

Bibarba Chen & Chen, 2007: 105 (type species: Bibarba 

bibarba Chen & Chen, 2007: 105, by original designation). 


4.3.1 Bibarba bibarba Chen & Chen, 2007 

Bibarba bibarba Chen & Chen, 2007: 105, fig. A-B (type 

locality: China: Guangxi: Du'an County (23°55–56'N 

108°06'E): Chengjiang River, tributary of Hongshuihe 

River, upper reaches of Pearl River; holotype: IHB 

87024411; compound noun, indeclinable) 

4.4 Canthophrys Swainson, 1838 

Canthophrys Swainson, 1838: 364 (type species Canthophrys 

albescens Swainson, 1839: 310, by subsequent 

designation by Swain, 1882: 282; no species originally 

included, first inclusion by Swainson, 1839: 190, 310). 


Somileptus Swainson, 1839: 190, 311 (as subgenus of Canthophrys 

Swainson, 1839: 364; type species: Somileptes 

bispinosa Swainson, 1838: 311, by subsequent designation 

by Bleeker, 1863a: 36, 1863c: 3; also spelt Somi-

leptes on p. 311, first reviser [Nalbant, 1963: 364] gave 

precedence to Somileptus, see Kottelat, 1998c: 118). 


4.4.1 Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton, 1822) 

Cobitis gongota Hamilton, 1822: 351, 394 (type locality: 

India: "rivers of Northern Bengal towards the mountains" 

[Bangladesh: Patgong, Rangpur District, 25°45'N 

89°15'E; Hora, 1935a: 49]; types: lost; Hamilton's unpublished 

figure reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 51 

fig. 1; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Cobitis cucura Hamilton, 1822: 352, 394 (type locality: India: 

Kosi River [at Nathpur near the Nepal frontier; Hora, 

1935a: 49]; types: lost; Hamilton's unpublished figure 

reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 51 fig. 2; simultaneous 

subjective synonym of Cobitis gongota Hamilton, 

1822: 351, first reviser [apparently Günther, 1868: 363] 

gave precedence to C. gongota; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Cobitis oculata M'Clelland, 1839: 303, 433, pl. 51 fig. 1 

(type locality: India: Upper Assam / northern parts of 

Bengal near the foot of the mountains; syntypes: SMF 

412 [4], 8979 [1], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010 [plus basis 

of Cobitis gongota Hamilton, 1822: 351]; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

Canthophrys albescens Swainson, 1839: 310 (available by 

indication to Hamilton, 1822: "Cob. No. 3" [which is 

Cobitis cucura]; type locality: India: Kosi River [at Nathpur 

near the Nepal frontier; Hora, 1935a: 49]; types: NT; 

Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced in M'Clelland, 

1839: pl. 51 fig. 2; participle, indeclinable) 

Somileptes bispinosa Swainson, 1839: 311 (available by indication 

to Hamilton, 1822: 351 [which is Cobitis gongota]; 

type locality: India: "rivers of Northern Bengal towards 

the mountains" [Bangladesh: Patgong, Rangpur 

District, 25°45'N 89°15'E; Hora, 1935a: 49]; types: lost; 


1839: pl. 51 fig. 1; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

? Cobitis amnicola Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846: 68 (type locality: India: Bengal; syntypes: MNHN 

B.2171 [3], Spillmann, 1962: 587; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

4.5 Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 

Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758: 303 (type species: Cobitis taenia 

Linnaeus, 1758: 303, designated by ICZN, 1988 [Opinion 

1500]). Gender feminine. 

Acantophthalmus van Hasselt, 1823:132 (type species: Cobitis 

taenia Linnaeus, 1758: 303, by monotypy [see Kottelat, 

1987b: 371]; on Official Index of Rejected Names, 

ICZN, 1988: 178 [Opinion 1500]). Gender masculine. 

Acanthophthalmus van Hasselt, 1824: 377 (incorrect subsequent 

spelling of Acantophthalmus van Hasselt, 1823: 

132; on Official Index of Rejected Names, ICZN, 1992b: 

248 [Opinion 1695]) 

? Acanthopsis Agassiz, 1832: 134 (type species: Acanthopsis 

angustus Agassiz, 1835: vol. 5, pl. 50 fig. 2, by subsequent 

monotypy in Agassiz, 1835: pl. 50; not a junior 

homonym of Acanthopsis van Hasselt, 1824: 377, which 


23 

is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Acantopsis van 

Hasselt, 1823: 133, thus does not enter into homonymy 

[Code art. 33.3]; based on a fossil species, possibly not a 

cobitid (Kottelat, 1987b: 372)). Gender feminine. 

Cobitinula Hankó, 1924: 152 (type species: Cobitinula anatoliae 

Hankó, 1924: 152, by monotypy). Gender feminine. 

Acanestrinia Băcescu, 1962b: 435 (subgenus of Cobitis Linnaeus, 

1758: 303; type species: Cobitis elongata Heckel & 

Kner, 1858: 305, by original designation). Gender feminine. 

Bicanestrinia Băcescu, 1962b: 436 (subgenus of Cobitis 

Linnaeus, 1758: 303; type species: Cobitis simplicispina 

Hankó, 1924: 153, by original designation). Gender 

feminine. 

Iberocobitis Băcescu, 1962b: 438 (subgenus of Cobitis Linnaeus, 

1758: 303; type species: Acanthopsis taenia paludica 

de Buen, 1930: 34, by original designation). Gender 

feminine. 

Beyshehiria Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1999: 20 

(subgenus of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758: 303; type species: 

Cobitis bilseli Battalgil, 1942: 292, by original designation). 


Taxonomic notes. Cobitis is obviously a polyphyletic genus. 

Several chromosome and molecular studies (e.g. Šlechtová 

et al., 2008; Kitagawa et al., 2011; Perdices et al., 2012) 

show a very complex situation and future research will certainly 

result in important changes in the taxonomy of Cobitis 

and the related genera (Iksookimia, Niwaella, Kichulchoia, etc.). 

Nomina nuda 

Cobitis longimanus Dybowski, in Sinicyn, 1900: 49 (nomen 

nudum; material: “Imperial Warsaw University” 2773; 

locality: Onon River) 

Cobitis poecilopleura Bleeker, 1872: 146 (nomen nudum; 

locality: China) 

Nomen nudum 

Cobitis yeni Nguyen, 1982: 26 (nomen nudum) 

Cobitis yeni Nguyen (T. T.), in Nguyen (V. H.), 2005: 227, 

fig. 114 (not available; locality: Vietnam: Ha Tinh Province: 

stream Ngam Pho at Huong Son) 

Nomenclatural notes. Nguyen (V. H.; 2005: 227) listed 

Nguyen (T. T., 1983: 83, pl. 3 fig. 2) as author of C. yeni. 

Nguyen (1983) is an unpublished thesis and the name is not 

available from it. As the description in Nguyen (2005) is 

from Nguyen (1983), I treat the author of the nomen nudum 

as Nguyen (T. T.), in Nguyen (V. H.). The Code art. 16.1 

requires that, after 1999, a new name must be explicitly indicated 

as intentionally new. This is not the case for C. yeni 

in Nguyen (2005) and the name is not available. Further, to 

be available, a new specific name published after 1999 must 

be accompanied by the explicit designation of a holotype or 

syntypes (Code art. 16.4). Nguyen (2005) mentioned that 

the description is based on 19 specimens but they are not 

mentioned as a holotype or syntypes. 

Species inquirenda 

4.5.1 Cobitis lachnostoma (Rutter, 1897) 

Acanthopsis lachnostoma Rutter, 1897: 60 (type locality: 

China: Guangdong: Swatow; holotype: CAS-SU 1812, 

Böhlke, 1953: 39; compound noun, indeclinable)

4.3 Bibarba sp., GIF 08090070, 56.7 mm SL; China: Guangxi: 

cave in Luocheng County. (Photograph by Lan Jia-Hu). 

4.3 Bibarba sp., GIF 08090070, 56.7 mm SL. (Photograph by Lan 

Jia-Hu). 

Species incertae sedis 

4.5.2 'Cobitis' arenae (Lin, 1934) 

Misgurnus arenae Lin, 1934: 227, figs. 5–6 (type locality: 

China: Guangdong: Hwei-yang County: shallow stream 

near Western Lake; holotype: FESC M 10; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Apparently represents an unnamed genus 

close to Cobitis. 


4.5.3 'Cobitis' guttata (Nguyen, 2005) 

Acantopsis guttatus Nguyen, 2005: 557, fig. 7 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Ha Giang Province: Lo River, Bac Quang 

district, Suoi Mu stream in Tan Thanh village; holotype: 

NCNTTSI; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Taxonomic notes. Apparently the species tentatively identified 

as Acantopsis arenae by Kottelat (2001a: 49, fig. 95). 

Apparently represents an unnamed genus close to Cobitis. 

Nomenclatural notes. If placed in the genus Cobitis, then it 

is a junior secondary homonym of Cobitis guttata M'Clelland, 

1839. I do not propose a new replacement name because it 

will soon be transferred to another genus and the original 

name will then again be valid. 

4.5.4 Cobitis amphilekta Vasil’eva & Vasil’ev, 2012 

Cobitis amphilekta Vasil’eva & Vasil’ev, 2012: 177, figs. 2– 

3 [p. 200 of translation] (type locality: Azerbaijan: Caspian 

Sea near Port Il'icha between old bed of Kumbashi 

River and state farm; holotype: ZMMU P-22794; Greek 

adjective, indeclinable) 


24 

4.4.1 Canthophrys gongota, CMK 14401, 65.1 mm SL; India: 

Brahmaputra drainage. 

4.5.21 Cobitis hellenica, CMK 16951, 82.8 mm SL; Greece: Louros 

drainage. 

4.5.5 Cobitis arachthosensis Economidis & Nalbant, 1997 

Cobitis hellenica arahthosensis Economidis, 1991: 28, 1992: 

75 (nomen nudum; locality: Greece: Epiros: Louros and 

Arachthos Rivers) 

Cobitis arachthosensis Economidis & Nalbant, 1997: 313, 

fig. 12a–f (type locality: Greece: Epiros: dead branch of 

Arachthos River near Akropotamia village; holotype: 

DZAUT 1988-137; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

4.5.6 Cobitis bilineata Canestrini, 1865 

Cobitis taenia var. bilineata Canestrini, 1865: 305 (type 

locality: Italy: Modenese and Treviso; syntypes: LU; also 

in Canestrini, 1866: 148; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Cobitis taenia var. puta Cantoni, 1882: 362, pl. 1 fig. 1 (type 

locality: Italy: Torino and Vercellese; syntypes: LU; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Cobitis taenia var. septa Cantoni, 1882: 363, pl. 1 fig. 2 

(type locality: Italy; types: NT ?; participle, -us, -a, -um) 

4.5.7 Cobitis bilseli Battalgil, 1942 

Cobitis bilseli Battalgil, 1942: 292, fig. 4 (type locality: Turkey: 

Lake Beysehir; syntypes: LU; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

4.5.8 Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder, 1901 

Cobitis taenia japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 222, 

pl. 103 fig. 3 (type locality: Japan [surroundings of Nagasaki]; 

lectotype: RMNH 2703a, designated by Boeseman, 

1947: 167; junior primary homonym of Cobitis 

japonica Houttuyn, 1782: 337; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Cobitis Schlegeli Bleeker, 1863a: 41 (replacement name for 

Cobitis taenia japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 

222; here declared nomen oblitum under Code art. 23.9.2, 

as it has not been used as a valid name since 1899 [Code 

art. 23.9.1.1], and Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder, 1901: 

748 has been used in at least 25 works in the last 50 years 

[Code art. 23.9.1.2]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder, 1901: 748 (replacement 

name for Cobitis taenia japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 

1846: pl. 103; here declared nomen protectum under Code 

art. 23.9.2, used in at least 25 works in the last 50 years, 

listed under Remarks [Code art. 23.9.1.2]; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Nomenclatural notes. Cobitis schlegeli has not been used 

as the valid name of a species after 1899 (Code art. 23.9.1.1)

and C. biwae has been used in a large number of works. 

Cobitis biwae is declared a nomen protectum and C. schlegeli 

is declared a nomen oblitum (Code art. 23.9.2). List of 28 

works in which Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder, 1901: 748 

is used as a valid name, published by at least 10 authors, in 

the immediately preceeding 50 years and encompassing a 

span of not less than 10 years (Code art. 23.9.2): Arai, 2003: 

113; Kawanabe et al., 2001: 392; Kimizuka & Kobayasi, 

1983: 308; Kitagawa et al., 2001: 250, 2003a: 93, 2003b: 

318, 2004: 117, 2005: 116, 2009: 13; Masuda et al., 1984: 

58; Matsuura et al., 2000: 162; Nakabo, 1993: 232, 2002: 

274; Nakajima, 1987: 208; Sawada, 1976: 176, 1982: 68; 

Sawada & Azizawa, 1983: 318; Sezaki & Kobayasi, 1978: 

851; Sezaki et al., 1988: 149; Shimizu, 2003a: 85, 2003b: 

155, 2008: 102; Shimizu et al., 1998: 381, 2004: 241; Suzawa, 

2006: 315; Tominaga et al., 2009: 195; Ueno & Ojima, 

1976: 446; Watanabe, 1998: 263. 

4.5.9 Cobitis calderoni Bacescu, 1962 

Cobitis Calderóni Băcescu, 1962b: 440, pl. 1 figs. 2–3, pl. 2 

figs. 6–7 (type locality: Spain: Burgos: stream Arlanzón, 

tributary of Duero at Cardena-Jimeno, Charcas de San 

Medel and La Gravera; holotype: MGAB 49415, Kottelat, 

1997: 87; must be emended in calderoni, Code art. 

32.5.2.1; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

4.5.10 Cobitis choii Kim & Son, 1984 

Cobitis choii Kim & Son, 1984: 50, fig. 1 (type locality: 

South Korea: Chungcheongbug-do province: Cheongwon-gun 

district: Ochang-myon municipality: Miheocheon 

stream, a tributary of Geum River at Yeocheon-ri; 

holotype: CNUC 4854; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

4.5.11 Cobitis dalmatina Karaman, 1928 

Cobitis taenia dalmatina Karaman, 1928: 163 (type locality: 

Croatia: Dalmatia: Cetina River; syntypes: MMNHS, 

lost; also in Karaman, 1929: 173; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.5.12 Cobitis dolichorhynchus Nichols, 1918 

Cobitis dolichorhynchus Nichols, 1918: 16 (type locality: 

China: Fukien [Fujian]: Futsing; holotype: AMNH 7026; 


4.5.13 Cobitis elazigensis Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu, 1988 

Cobitis elazigensis Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu, 1988: 426, fig. 

1 (type locality: Turkey: Elazig Province: a creek at Cip, 

15 km west of Elazig, in drainage of Murat Nehri, a tributary 

of Euphrates River; 38°42'N 39°05'E; holotype: 

NMC 85-0679A; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. "Provisionally considered" as synonym 

of C. simplicispina by Erkakan et al. (1999: 24). 

4.5.14 Cobitis elongata Heckel & Kner, 1858 

Cobitis elongata Heckel & Kner, 1858: 305, fig. 164 (type 

locality: Slovenia: Krain [Carniola]: Sala River near Idria; 

syntypes: NMW 48609 [2], 48610 [3], Kottelat, 1997: 


4.5.15 Cobitis elongatoides Bacescu & Maier, 1969 

Cobitis taenia var. elongatoïdes Băcescu, 1962a: 294 (in- 


25 

frasubspecific, name not available; locality: southwestern 

Romania: Neajlov, Jiu and Sîi Rivers) 

Cobitis taenia elongatoides Băcescu & Maier, 1969: 60 [p. 

39 of translation], figs. 3a, 7-1 (type locality: Romania: 

Argesel River, Danube drainage; syntypes: LU; adjective, 

indeclinable) 

Cobitis taenia danubialis Nalbant, 1993: 109, fig. 29 (type 

locality: Romania: Transilvania: Mures River at Sarmas, 

Harghita; holotype: MGAB 49923; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Cobitis megaspila Nalbant, 1993: 108, fig. 24 (type locality: 

Romania: delta of Danube River at Caraorman; holotype: 

ISBB 4497; compound noun, indeclinable) 

4.5.16 Cobitis evreni Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 2008 

Cobitis evreni Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 2008a: 112, fig. 

1 (type locality: Turkey: Kömür stream, Göksun, Kahramanmaras; 

38°00'52.24"N 36°30'31.11"E; holotype: 

HUIC CEY-2; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

4.5.17 Cobitis fahireae Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & 

Nalbant, 2008 

Cobitis fahireae Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998: 

10, fig. 2 (type locality: Turkey: Küçük Menderes, Selçuk- 

Aydin; holotype: HUIC uncat.; spelled fahirae on p. 10, 

fahireae on p. 11, as first reviser I select fahireae as the 

correct original spelling; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

4.5.18 Cobitis faridpaki Mousavi-Sabet, Vasil’eva, Vatandoust 

& Vasil’ev, 2011 

Cobitis faridpaki Mousavi-Sabet, Vasil’eva, Vatandoust & 

Vasil’ev, 2011: 928, figs. 3–4 (type locality: Iran: Mazandaran 

region: Siahrud River, 36°26'85.05"N 

52°56'70.08"E; holotype: GUIC CC1403MA; noun in 


4.5.19 Cobitis gladkovi Vasil'ev & Vasil'eva, 2008 

Cobitis melanoleuca gladkovi Vasil'ev & Vasil'eva, 2008: 9, 

fig. 9 (type locality: Russia: Severskii Donets River, Don 

drainage, Starodubovka village, Staraya Stanitsa; holotype: 

ZMMU R-21654; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Vasil'ev & Vasil'eva (2008) treated C. 

gladkovi as a subspecies of C. melanoleuca. They are treated 

as distinct species as they satisfy the criteria of species 

under the Evolutionary Species Concept. 

4.5.20 Cobitis hankugensis Kim, Park, Son & Nalbant, 

2003 

Cobitis hankugensis Kim, Park, Son & Nalbant, 2003: 2, 

fig. 1 (type locality: Korea: Gyongsangnam-do province: 

Sanchong-gun district: Dojeon-ri in Sengbirryang-myon 

municipality; holotype: CNUC 33912; adjective, -is, -is, 

-e) 

4.5.21 Cobitis hellenica Economidis & Nalbant, 1997 

Cobitis hellenica Economidis, 1991: 28, 41 (figs. 1–2), 1992: 

75 (nomen nudum; locality not stated) 

Cobitis hellenica Economidis & Nalbant, 1997: 311, figs. 

10, 12g-i (type locality: Greece: Epiros: Barbanakos 

spring near Stephani village, Louros drainage; holotype: 

DZAUT 1989-115; adjective, -us, -a, -um)

4.5.34 Cobitis melanoleuca, CMK 18807, 71.3 mm SL; Mongolia: 

Selenge drainage: Eg Gol. 

4.5.22 Cobitis illyrica Freyhof & Stelbrink, 2007 

Cobitis illyrica Freyhof & Stelbrink, 2007a: 270, figs. 1–2 

(type locality: Croatia: small lake south of Lake Proložak, 

48°28'13"N 17°07'20"E, Imotsko polje; holotype: ZMB 


4.5.23 Cobitis jadovaensis Mustafic & Mrakovcic, in 

Mustafic, Marcic, Duplic, Mrakovcic, Caleta, Zanella, 

Buj, Podnar & Dolenec, 2008 

Cobitis jadovaensis Mustafić & Mrakovčić, in Mustafić, 

Marčić, Duplić, Mrakovčić, Caleta, Zanella, Buj, Podnar 

& Dolenec, 2008: 5, fig. 2 (type locality: Croatia: 

Jadova River at 44°30'14.6"N 15°32'42.5"E; holotype: 

PMR VP1654; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

4.5.24 Cobitis kellei Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 

1998 

Cobitis kellei Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998: 

10, fig. 1 (type locality: Turkey: Tigris drainage: Göksu 

stream, Cinar, Diyarbakir; holotype: ISBB 4682; noun 


4.5.25 Cobitis keyvani Mousavi-Sabet, Yerli, Vatandoust, 

Özeren & Moradkhani, 2012 

Cobitis keyvani Mousavi-Sabet, Yerli, Vatandoust, Özeren 

& Moradkhani, 2012: 8, figs. 3–4 (type locality: Iran: 

Mazandaran Province: Keselian stream, Talar River, 

southeast of Caspian Sea basin, 36°11'74.09"N 

53°00'92.01"E, 473 masl; holotype: GUIC CC1389MA; 

noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

4.5.26 Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage, 1878) 

Misgurnus laoensis Sauvage, 1878b: 241 (type locality: Laos 

[apparently erroneous; possibly Vietnam; Freyhof & Serov, 

2000b: 206]; holotype: MNHN A.840, Kottelat, 

1984a: 809, fig. 5; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

? Cobitis longitaeniatus Ngo, 2008: 66, fig. 1 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Quang Binh Province: Bo Trach District, Phong 

Nha, Son Trach, 17°30'N 106°15'E; holotype: NCNTTSI; 

also spelt longitaenia p. 67, an obvious inadvertent error, 

thus incorrect original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1]; 


? Cobitis phongnhaensis Ngo, 2008: 68, fig. 3 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Quang Binh Province: Bo Trach District: 

Phong Nha, Son Trach, Khe Mon, 17°30'N 106°15'E; 

holotype: NCNTTSI; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

4.5.27 ? Cobitis lebedevi Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 1985 

Cobitis lebedevi Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 1985: 464, fig. 1A (type 

locality: Russia: Russian Far East: Khabarovsk Krai: 

Amur River near Elabuga [48°48'N 135°52'E]; holotype: 

ZMMU P-16252; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 


26 

4.5.44 Cobitis punctilineata, CMK 12914, 46.5 mm SL; Greece: 

Angitis drainage. 

Taxonomic notes. Treated as synonym of C. choii by, e.g. 

Bogutskaya et al. (2008: 336). The ranges of C. choii and 

C. lebedevi are widely disjunct and it does not seem that Amur 

and Korean material has yet been compared side by side. 

4.5.28 Cobitis levantina Krupp & Moubayed, 1992 

Cobitis levantina Krupp & Moubayed, 1992: 14, figs. 1–2 

(type locality: Syria: outflow of Buhairat Hims near Qattina, 

34°40'N 36°37'E; holotype: SMF 24371; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

4.5.29 Cobitis linea (Heckel, 1848) 

Acanthopsis linea Heckel, 1848b: 267 (type locality: Iran: 

Persepolis [Marvdasht Plain, about 70 km northeast of 

Shiraz; 29°56'04"N 52°53'29"E]; syntypes: NMW 48560 

or 48450 [7], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

4.5.30 Cobitis lutheri Rendahl, 1935 

Cobitis taenia lutheri Rendahl, 1935: 330, figs. 1–4 (type 

locality: Russia: Santachesa River, near its confluence 

with lake Chanka [Khanka]; syntypes: MZH, NRM 10810 

[1], 10811 [1], 10812 [1], 10813 [1]; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

4.5.31 Cobitis macrostigma Dabry de Thiersant, 1872 

Cobitis macrostigma Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191, pl. 49 

fig. 4 (type locality: lakes of central China; holotype: 

MNHN 5089, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 92; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

4.5.32 Cobitis maroccana Pellegrin, 1929 

Cobitis taenia var. maroccana Pellegrin, 1929: 525, fig. 1 

(type locality: Morocco: Oued Tiflet at Tiflet and Sidi 

Yahia; syntypes: MNHN 1922.84 [1], 1922.85 [1], 

1925.372 [1]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.5.33 Cobitis matsubarae Okada & Ikeda, 1939 

Cobitis taenia matsubarae Okada & Ikeda, 1939: 91, 101 

(type locality: Japan: Kagosima-ken: Hisikari-Mura / 

Fukuoka-Ken: Siba-Mura, Jôzima, and Naka River / 

Nagasaki-Ken: near Nagasaki; syntypes: LU [26], Eschmeyer 

& Fricke, 2010; Matsubara is treated as a Latinized 

name and matsubarae is correct original spelling 

[Code art. 31.1.1 and Example]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

4.5.34 Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols, 1925 

Cobitis taenia melanoleuca Nichols, 1925d: 3 (type locality: 

China: Shansi: Chin-ssu; holotype: AMNH 8403; treated 

as an adjective, -us, -a, -um)

4.5.54 Cobitis strumicae, CMK 17331, 86.7 mm SL; Greece: Evros 

drainage. 

Taxonomic notes. Vasil'ev & Vasil'eva (2008) recognised 

three subspecies on the basis of karyotypes: C. m. melanoleuca 

in China and the Amur drainage, C. m. sibirica (as 

granoei) in Siberia, and C. m. gladkovi in Europe. They are 

treated as valid species as they satisfy the criteria of species 


4.5.35 Cobitis meridionalis Karaman, 1924 

Cobitis taenia meridionalis Karaman, 1924: 75 (type locality: 

FYROM: Lake Prespa and its small tributaries; syntypes: 

MMNHS, lost; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

4.5.36 Cobitis microcephala Chen & Chen, 2011 

Cobitis microcephala Chen & Chen, 2011: 147, fig. 2 (type 

locality: China: Guangxi: Bobai County: Nanliu River 

drainage, 22°28'N 109°95'E; holotype: IHB 0605135; 

compound adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.5.37 Cobitis multimaculata Chen & Chen, 2011 

Cobitis multimaculata Chen & Chen, 2011: 145, fig. 2 (type 

locality: China: Guangxi: Bobai County: Nanliu River 

drainage, 22°28'N 109°95'E; holotype: IHB 75v3203; an 

obvious adjective but declared to be used as a noun in 

original description, therefore indeclinable) 

4.5.38 Cobitis narentana Karaman, 1928 

Cobitis taenia narentana Karaman, 1928: 163 (type locality: 

Dalmatia [Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina]: Neretva 

River; syntypes: MMNHS, lost; also in Karaman, 


4.5.39 Cobitis ohridana Karaman, 1928 

Cobitis taenia ohridana Karaman, 1928: 162, figs. 4a, 5 (type 

locality: FYROM: Lake Ohrid; syntypes: MMNHS, lost; 

also in Karaman, 1929: 173; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.5.40 Cobitis paludica (de Buen, 1930) 

Acanthopsis taenia forma paludica de Buen, 1930: 34, fig. 48 

(type locality: Spain: Fuente del Roble, Talayuela, 

Cáceres; holotype: LU; available by indication, Code art. 

12.2.7; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Cobitis taenia paludicola Berg, 1932c: 155 (incorrect subsequent 

spelling of C. taenia paludica de Buen, 1930: 34) 

Cobitis taenia haasi Klausewitz, 1955: 42, fig. 2 (type locality: 

Spain: Albufera near Valencia; holotype: SMF 3232; 


? Cobitis vitoriae Fernandez de la Cigoña Núñez & Ferreira, 

1996: 70, fig. (not available, name proposed conditionally 

after 1960 [Code art. 15.1]; locality: Spain: Galicia: 

lagoon next to Miño River at Caldelas, 7 km upstream 

of Tuy, Pontevedra) 


27 

4.5.62 Cobitis vardarensis, CMK 12982, 49.4 mm SL; Greece: 

Pinios drainage. 

? Cobitis victoriae Fernandez de la Cigoña Núñez, 1999: 

21, fig. (type locality: Spain: Miño River; syntypes: model 

of figure and specimens examined by Fernandez de la 

Cigoña Núñez & Ferreira, 1996: 66 [by reference on 

unnumbered p. 1 of Preface]; also spelt vicroriae, p. 1 of 

Preface, an obvious inadvertent error, thus incorrect original 

spelling [Code art. 32.5.1]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

4.5.41 Cobitis phrygica Battalgazi, 1944 

Cobitis phrygica Battalgazi, 1944: 300, fig. 1 (type locality: 

Turkey: Vilâyet Afyonkarahisar, Aci Göl [Lake Acigöl, 

37°49'N 29°53'E]; syntypes: LU; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Cobitis Battalgili Băcescu, 1962b: 436, 437, fig. 1B (type 

locality: Turkey: Lakes Beysehir Gölü [37°41'0"N 

31°44'0"E] and Gölhisar Gölü [37°06'00"N 29°36'00"E]; 

syntypes: MCSNG, ZMH 4744 [1], 4745 [4], Wilkens & 

Dohse, 1993: 412 [as holotype and paratypes]; noun in 

genitive, indeclinable [should have been battalgilae]) 

Taxonomic notes. "Provisionally considered" as synonyms 

of C. simplicispina by Erkakan et al. (1999: 24). 

4.5.42 Cobitis pontica Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2006 

Cobitis pontica Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2006: S17, fig. (type 

locality: Bulgaria: Veleka River; holotype: ZMMU 

P-21363; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.5.43 Cobitis puncticulata Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & 

Nalbant, 1998 

Cobitis puncticulata Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 

1998: 12, fig. 4 (type locality: Turkey: Karaderetream 

[Karade stream ?] ath [at ?] outlet of Manyas (Kus) Lake; 

HUIC uncat.; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.5.44 Cobitis punctilineata Economidis & Nalbant, 1997 

Cobitis punctilineata Economidis, 1991: 28, 41 (fig. 4), 1992: 

75 (nomen nudum; locality: Greece: Macedonia: Philippi 

Plain, stream Aggitis, tributary of Strymon) 

Cobitis punctilineata Economidis & Nalbant, 1997: 314, figs. 

11, 12j-l (type locality: Greece: Macedonia: Drama: channels 

near Kalambaki village, Strymon-Aggitis drainage; 

holotype: DZAUT 1992-39; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.5.45 Cobitis rara Chen, 1981 

Cobitis rarus Chen, 1981: 24, fig. 1 (type locality: China: 

Shanxi: Lüeyang and Fengxian; syntypes [7]: IHB 

596070–74, 731121–122; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.5.46 Cobitis satunini Gladkov, 1935 

Cobitis taenia satunini Gladkov, 1935: 73 (type locality: 

Georgia: Kintrich River [entering Black Sea at

41°48'14"N 41°46'09"E]; holotype: ZMMU P 2852, 

Mousavi-Sabet et al., 2011: 930, fig. 5; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

4.5.47 Cobitis shikokuensis Suzawa, 2006 

Cobitis shikokuensis Suzawa, 2006: 316, figs. 2, 6 (type locality: 

Japan: Shikoku Island: Kochi Prefecture: Takaoka 

County: Shimanto Town, Morigauchi, Hinoji River at 

33°10'N 133°03'E, Shimanto River drainage; holotype: 

YCM-P 21981; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

4.5.48 Cobitis sibirica Gladkov, 1935 

Cobitis taenia sibirica Gladkov, 1935 [between 1 Aug and 

19 Nov]: 73 (type locality: Russia: Lake Turgoïak, southern 

Urals [Chelyabinsk oblast: Lake Turgoyak, 55°09'N 

60°04'E]; holotype: ZMMU P2853; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

Cobitis taenia granoei Rendahl, 1935 [before 16 Oct]: 332, 

figs. 5–6 (type locality: Russia: Siberia: Irtysch River near 

Omsk; holotype: MZH; noun in genitive, indeclinable; 

subjective simultaneous synonym of Cobitis taenia sibirica 

Gladkov, 1935: 73; first reviser [Berg, 1949: 894] 

gave precedence to C. t. sibirica.) 

Cobitis taenia sibirica morpha elongata Berg, 1949: 894 

(infrasubspecific, name not available; locality: [Mongolia 

?]: Lake Kosogol [? Khuvsgul]) 

Cobitis granoei olivai Nalbant, Holčík & Pivnička, 1970: 

121, fig. 2, pl. fig. 1c (type locality: Mongolia: Archangaj 

County: Lake Ögijn-nuur and Narijn-gol River, an 

upper right tributary of Orkhon River, Selenge drainage; 

holotype: SNM RY-2093; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Nalbant (1993: 108) treated C. sibirica 

(as C. granoei) as a synonym of C. melanoleuca but convincing 

evidence was not provided. Chen (1981) treated them 

as two distinct species. Prokofiev (2007c: 111) considered 

C. olivai as valid based on colour pattern, but Kottelat (2006: 

56) had commented that both colour patterns are present in 

different specimens from the same location in Mongolia. 

Vasil'ev & Vasil'eva (2008) treated C. sibirica (as C. granoei) 

as a subspecies of C. melanoleuca. They are treated 

here as distinct species as they satisfy the criteria of species 


Nomenclatural notes. The exact dates of publication of 

Gladkov (1935) and Rendahl (1935) are not known. They 

are discussed by Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004: 105). Rendahl 

(1935) is recorded in the issue of Naturae Novitates (57 (10): 

129–144) received at ZISP on 16 October 1935 and could 

have precedence over Gladkov (1935), which is recorded in 

Naturae Novitates (57 (11): 145–150) received at ZISP on 

19 November 1935. On the other hand, Gladov (1935) is 

dated as sent to the press on 1 August 1935, but the actual 

printing and distribution dates are not known. These dates 

do not allow determination of which work appeared first; 

they are only indicative of the sequence in which they were 

received by Naturae Novitates in Berlin. It is possible that 

Gladkov (1935) was published before Rendahl (1935) but 

dispatched later or travelled more slowly because of some 

administrative burden, given the political situation in that 

period. This provides information on the latest possible publication 

date, but no objective information allowing deter- 


28 

mination of which work appeared first and which was first 

available from its respective publisher. For the time being it 

is better to consider them as simultaneous subjective synonyms, 

in which case Berg (1949: 894) is the first reviser 

and he gave precedence to C. sibirica. This is also the conclusion 

reached by a strict application of Code art. 21.7 using 

the data available today. [Naturae Novitates was a journal 

published in Berlin between 1879 and 1944 that listed 

new literature on various fields of natural sciences: Schmid, 

1984]. 

4.5.49 Cobitis simplicispina Hankó, 1924 

Cobitis simplicispina Hankó, 1924: 153, pl. 3 fig. 7 (type 

locality: Turkey: Kötschke-Kissik [Gökçekısık (39°39'N 

30°24'E), a town 15 km southwest of Eskişehir 

(39°46'36"N 30°31'14"E); Porsuk River drainage]; syntypes: 

MNH [3], lost; invalid neotype designation by 

Erkakan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1999: 24; compound 


Nomenclatural notes. Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 

(1999: 24) designated a neotype for C. simplicispina. The 

neotype designation does not fulfill conditions of the Code 

art. 75.3.2, 75.3.3, 75.3.4 and is invalid. Further, at top of 

p. 24, specimen ISBB 4694 is listed as neotype, and at bottom 

of same column, specimen HUIC 1 is listed as "selected 

here as neotype". This last specimen is the one in Fig. 9 but 

it is not labelled as neotype. In my reprint of the paper, the 

mention 'neotype' for ISBB 4694 had been crossed out (by 

Nalbant) indicating that ISBB 4694 was not intended as neotype; 

however, this information is external and formally irrelevant 

and, therefore, the simultaneous 'designation' of two 

neotypes makes the designation invalid in any case. The locality 

of the purported neotype (HUIC 1) is: Turkey: Eskişehir: 

Kocadere, Porsuk stream, Sakarya River drainage. 

4.5.50 Cobitis sinensis Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874 

Cobitis sinensis Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874: 16 

(type locality: China: brooks of western Sichuan [probably 

Pingwu County: Long'an; on Fu Jiang river, Jialing 

Jiang system, Yangtze drainage; 32°24'31"N 

104°31'36"E; see below]; syntypes: MNHN 6779 [4], 

Son & Kim, 2002: 241, fig. 1a, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 


Taxonomic notes. The type locality of the syntypes of C. 

sinensis is given as Western Sichuan. The specimens were 

collected by A. David. In Sichuan, David visited Chengdu, 

then travelled to Muping. Muping is now in Western Sichuan, 

but at David's time it was an independant princedom and 

David's map shows it in Tibet (see Oreias dabryi). After returning 

to Chengdu, David wanted to visit Kokonoor [now 

China: Qinghai]. He reached to Lon-gan [Sichuan: Pingwu 

County: Long'an; also as Lunyan, Lung-yan, Lungan; 

32°24'31"N 104°31'36"E], explored that area, returned to 

Chengdu and Shanghai (David, 1871: 97). This makes Pingwu 

the only area where he collected within what he called 

Western Sichuan. Unfortunately, David did not publish a 

detailed account of this part of his second travel. His map 

(1875) shows that he made a number of small trips around 

Pingwu.

4.5.51 Cobitis splendens Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & 

Nalbant, 1998 

Cobitis splendens Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 

1998: 11, fig. 3 (type locality: Turkey: small stream tributary 

to Black Sea, about 200 m from sea shore, 16 km 

east of Akçakoca [41°05'00"N 31°07'00"E] and about 

30 km south-west of Eregli; holotype: HUIC uncat.; adjective, 

indeclinable) 

4.5.52 Cobitis stephanidisi Economidis, 1992 

Cobitis stephanidisi Economidis, 1991: 27, 41 (fig. 7) 

(nomen nudum; locality: Greece: Thessaly: Kefalovrissos 

spring in Velestino village (Feres)) 

Cobitis stephanidisi Economidis, 1992: 60 (type locality: 

Greece: Thessaly: Lake Karla and Kefalovrissos spring 

in Velestino village (Feres); syntypes [material listed by 

Economidis & Nalbant, 1997: 303]; lectotype: DZAUT 

1992-40, by present designation; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Cobitis stephanidisi Economidis & Nalbant, 1997: 303, fig. 6 

(type locality: Greece: Thessaly: spring in village Velestino, 

Lake Karla basin; holotype: DZAUT 1992-40; noun 


Nomenclatural notes. The complete description of Cobitis 

stephanidisi appeared first in Economidis & Nalbant (1997); 

however, the use of the name accompanied by a diagnosis 

and a figure in Economidis (1992) makes the name available 

from this publication and with Economidis as author. 

As Economidis (1992) referred to the then in-press 1997 

paper, the specimens listed as holotype and paratypes by 

Economidis & Nalbant (1997) are in fact syntypes. Specimen 

DZAUT 1992-40 is here designated as lectotype of 

C. stephanidisi Economidis, 1992. 

4.5.53 Cobitis striata Ikeda, 1936 

Cobitis taenia striata Ikeda, 1936: 984, 991, figs. 10-2, 

11-4 (type locality: Japan: Shikoku Island: Kagawa-Ken / 

Honshu Island: Osaka-fu; syntypes [240]: LU, Eschmeyer 

& Fricke, 2010; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.5.54 Cobitis strumicae Karaman, 1955 

Cobitis taenia strumicae Karaman, 1955: 190, fig. 4 (type 

locality: FYROM: Monospitovo swamp and Strumica 

River; syntypes: MMNHS, lost; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Cobitis peschevi Sivkov & Dobrovolov, 1984: 1673, fig. 1 

(type locality: Bulgaria: Eleshnitsa River, a tributary of 

Kamchiya River; holotype: MNHV 1627; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Cobitis rhodopensis Vassilev, 1998: 280, fig. 1 (type locality: 

Bulgaria: Biala River, a tributary of Maritsa River, 

downstream of Meden buk village; holotype: DHISUB 

199501C; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

4.5.55 Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758 

Cobitis Taenia Linnaeus, 1758: 303 (based on Artedi [1738: 

gen. 2 [4], syn. 3, spec. 4 [2], Cobitis aculeo bifurco ...], 

Linnaeus [1746: 126, n. 333, idem] and Gronovius 

[1754: 2, n. 5, idem]; type locality: "in Europae aquis 

dulcibus"; syntype: ? ZMUU 205, Wheeler, 1991: 163; 


29 


Cobitis spilura Holandre, 1837: 253 (type locality: Belgium: 

Liège / France: Moselle River, stream Nied below Malroy, 

Meuse River below Saint Mihiel; holotype: LU [description 

explicitly based on a single specimen; "syntypes": 

Museum of Metz, France, Blanchard, 1866: 288]; 

author stated as Carlier, but Holandre is responsible for 

conditions making name available and thus is author; 


Cobitis taenioides Băcescu & Maier, 1969: 52 [p. 39 of translation] 

(type locality: western Europe and Danube basin; 

syntypes: LU; adjective, indeclinable) 

4.5.56 Cobitis takatsuensis Mizuno, 1970 

Cobitis takatsuensis Mizuno, 1970: 133, figs. 1–2 (type locality: 

Japan: Honshu: Shimane-ken Prefecture: Kanoashigun 

District: Kabatani-gawa River, a tributary of Takatsu-gawa, 

at Kurobuchi in Kakinori-mura village; holotype: 

Collection Mizuno; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

4.5.57 Cobitis tanaitica Bacescu & Maier, 1969 

Cobitis taenia tanaitica Băcescu & Maier, 1969: 52 [p. 39 

of translation], fig. 1 (type locality: Ukraine: Don River 

below Rostov; syntypes: LU [6]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Cobitis rossomeridionalis Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 1998: 607, 

fig. 2 [p. 582 of translation] (type locality: Russia: Rostovskaya 

oblast: Don River near Rogozhkin [49°24'22"N 

41°37'57"E]; holotype: ZMMU P-20240; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

4.5.58 Cobitis taurica Vasil'eva, Vasil'ev, Janko, Ráb & 

Rábová, in Janko, Vasil'ev, Ráb, Rábová, Šlechtová 

& Vasil'eva, 2005 

Cobitis taurica Vasil'eva, Vasil'ev, Janko, Ráb & Rábová, in 

Janko, Vasil'ev, Ráb, Rábová, Šlechtová & Vasil'eva, 

2005: 417, fig. 4a (type locality: Ukraine: Crimea: Chernaya 

River; holotype: ZMMU P-21358; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

4.5.59 Cobitis tetralineata Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1999 

Cobitis tetralineata Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1999: 379, fig. 10 

(type locality: Korea: Deonranam-do province: Guraegun 

district: Somjin River at Guraegu; holotype: CNUC 

723, Kim, 2009: 11; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.5.60 Cobitis trichonica Stephanidis, 1974 

Cobitis trichonica Stephanidis, 1974: 227, figs. 1–3 (type 

locality: Greece: Lake Trichonis; syntypes [34]: lost, 

Kottelat, 1997: 90; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.5.61 Cobitis turcica Hankó, 1924 

Cobitis taenia turcica Hankó, 1924: 154, pl. 3 fig. 8 (type 

locality: Turkey: Eregli [apparently the one at 37°31'00"N 

34°03'00"E]; syntypes: MNH [2]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

? Cobitinula anatoliae Hankó, 1924: 152, pl. 3 fig. 6 (type 

locality: Turkey: Lake Ak-Göl [several lakes Akgöl in 

Turkey, probably the one near Ereli, since many of 

Hankó's (1924) samples are from Ereli; 37°30'51"N 

33°43'02"E]; syntypes: MNH [2], lost; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable; simultaneous subjective synonym of Cobi-

4.6.2 Iksookimia koreensis, CMK 21096, 56.1 mm SL; South 

Korea: Mangyeong drainage. 

4.7.2 Kichulchoia multifasciata, CMK 21107, 99.3 mm SL; South 

Korea: Naktong drainage. 

tis taenia turcica Hankó, 1924: 154; as first reviser I give 

precedence to C. t. turcica) 

4.5.62 Cobitis vardarensis Karaman, 1928 

Cobitis taenia vardarensis Karaman, 1928: 163 (type locality: 

FYROM: Vardar River drainage; syntypes: MMNHS, 

lost; also in Karaman, 1929: 172; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Cobitis vardarensis kurui Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 

1998: 13, fig. 6 (type locality: Turkey: Menderes 

River, Selçuk-Aydin, Saplik Bridge; holotype: HUIC 

uncat.; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

4.5.63 Cobitis vettonica Doadrio & Perdices, 1997 

Cobitis vettonica Doadrio & Perdices, 1997: 53, fig. 1 (type 

locality: Spain: Arrago River, Cadalso de Gata, Cáceres, 

Tagus River drainage; holotype: MNCM 18271; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

4.5.64 Cobitis ylengensis Ngo, 2003 

Cobitis ylengensis Ngo, 2003: 18, fig. 2 (type locality: Vietnam: 

Quang Binh Province: Minh Hoa district: Dan Hoa 

village: Bai Dinh; holotype: NCNTTSI; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

? Cobitis squataeniatus Ngo, 2008: 67, fig. 2 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Quang Binh Province: Minh Hoa District, Dan 

Hoa, Quy Dat; holotype: NCNTTSI; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

Taxonomic notes. Figure 2 in the description of C. ylengensis 

is distorted and shows the fish more slender than described 

in the text. 

4.5.65 Cobitis zanandreai Cavicchioli, 1965 

Cobitis taenia zanandreai Cavicchioli, 1965: 1152, fig. 1 

(type locality: Italy: Caserta: Volturno River at Ponte 

Annibale, Capua; holotype: Istituto di Anatomia Comparata, 

Università di Ferrara; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

4.5.66 Cobitis zhejiangensis Son & He, 2005 

Cobitis zhejiangensis Son & He, 2005: 237, figs. 2–3 (type 

locality: China: Zhejiang: Taizhou city: Xianju District: 

Ling River; holotype: SUBC 9619; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 


30 

4.8.1 Koreocobitis naktongensis; CMK 27108, 119.6 mm SL; 

South Korea: Naktong drainage. 

4.6 Iksookimia Nalbant, 1993 

Iksookimia Nalbant, 1993: 101 (type species: Cobitis koreensis 

Kim, 1975: 51, by original designation). Gender 

feminine. 

Taxonomic notes. Iksookimia is possibly polyphyletic according 

to the molecular tree in Šlechtova et al. (2008). 

4.6.1 Iksookimia hugowolfeldi Nalbant, 1993 

Iksookimia hugowolfeldi Nalbant, 1993: 106, fig. 1 (type 

locality: South Korea: Yung San River; holotype: ISBB 


4.6.2 Iksookimia koreensis (Kim, 1975) 

Cobitis koreensis Kim, 1975: 51, fig. 1 (type locality: South 

Korea: Gyongi-do province: Gapyong-gun district: Jojong 

River, tributary of Han River at Sang-myon; holotype: 

CNUC 21674, Kim, 2009: 13; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

4.6.3 Iksookimia longicorpus (Kim, Choi & Nalbant, 1977) 

Cobitis longicorpus Kim, Choi & Nalbant, 1977: 172, figs. 

1–2 (type locality: South Korea: Jeonrabug Do province: 

Sunchang Gun district: tributary of Seomjin River at 

Bogheung Myon; holotype: CNUC 505; compound noun, 

indeclinable) 

4.6.4 Iksookimia pacifica (Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1999) 

Cobitis pacifica Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1999: 380, fig. 12 

(type locality: South Korea: Kangwon-do province 

[Gangwon]: Kangreung-shi [Gangneung]: Yonkokhon 

stream about 2 km upstream of confluence with Eastern 

(Japan) Sea, Shingwhang-ri in Yonkok-myon municipality; 

holotype: CNUC 25111, Kim, 2009: 15; junior primary 

homonym of Cobitis pacifica Forster, in Lichtenstein, 


Nomenclatural notes. The name Cobitis pacifica was first 

made available in a manuscript of Forster posthumously 

published by Lichtenstein (1844: 235). Lichtenstein (footnote) 

commented that this is Eleotris fusca (Schneider, 1801: 

453). The name has never been used since the original description 

and it could probably be declared nomen oblitum 

under Code art. 23.9.2. The case was discovered too late for 

researching usages of the junior homonym. 

4.6.5 Iksookimia pumila (Kim & Lee, 1987) 

Cobitis koreensis pumilus Kim & Lee, 1987: 58, figs. 1–2 

(type locality: South Korea: Chollabuk-do province: 

Puan-gun district: stream Paikchon at Sangso-myon; holotype: 

CNUC 9374; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.6.6 Iksookimia yongdokensis Kim & Park, 1997 

Iksookimia yongdokensis Kim & Park, 1997: 250, fig. 2 (type 

locality: South Korea: Kyongsangbuk-do province: Yong-

4.9.2 Kottelatlimia katik, ZRC uncat., 12.3 mm SL; Indonesia: 

Borneo: Pembuang drainage. (Photograph by Tan Heok Hui). 

dok-gun district: Dalsan-myon municipality: Yongdokoship 

River in Yongjeon-ri village; 36°23'47"N 

129°15'20"E; holotype: CNUC 21827; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

4.7 Kichulchoia Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1999 

Choia Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1997: 192 (type species: Niiwaella 

brevifasciata Kim & Lee, 1995: 285, by original 

designation; junior homonym of Choia Walcott, 1920: 

291 in Spongiae). Gender feminine. 

Kichulchoia Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1999: 374 (replacement 

name for Choia Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1997: 192). Gender 

feminine. 

4.7.1 Kichulchoia brevifasciata (Kim & Lee, 1995) 

Niwaella brevifasciata Kim & Lee, 1995: 285, figs. 1–2 (type 

locality: South Korea: Chollanam-do province: Kohûnggun 

district: Pungyang-myon municipality: Koûp stream 

in Yamag-ri village, 34°34'06"N 127°14'16"E; holotype: 

CNUC 19907; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.7.2 Kichulchoia multifasciata (Wakiya & Mori, 1929) 

Cobitis multifasciatus Wakiya & Mori, 1929: 31, pl. 2 fig. 1 

(type locality: Korea: Rakuto River at Taikyu; holotype: 

LU, Böhlke, 1953: 39; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Taxonomic notes. Generic position follows Šlechtová et al. 

(2008) and Kim (2009). 

4.8 Koreocobitis Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1997 

Koreocobitis Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1997: 191 (type species: 

Cobitis rotundicaudata Wakiya & Mori, 1929: 32, 

by original designation). Gender feminine. 

4.8.1 Koreocobitis naktongensis Kim, Park & Nalbant, 2000 

Koreocobitis naktongensis Kim, Park & Nalbant, 2000: 90, 

figs. 1a, 2a (type locality: Korea: Chollabuk-do province: 

Namwon-gun district: Inwol-myon municipality: 

Naktong River at Jugkun-ri village; holotype: CNUC 


4.8.2 Koreocobitis rotundicaudata (Wakiya & Mori, 1929) 

Cobitis rotundicaudata Wakiya & Mori, 1929: 32, pl. 2 fig. 2 

(type locality: Korea: Chung-chonbuk-do province: Dangyang-gun 

district: Yonsangchon-myon municipality: 

Youm Hyon stream, tributary of South Han River, at Shingok-ri 

village [original type locality: Korea: Soun Kan 

River at Tanyo]; neotype: CNUC uncat., designated by 

Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1997: 192 but questionable validity 

since reasons to believe that the original type materi- 


31 

4.9.3 Kottelatlimia pristes, CMK 11116, 41.9 mm SL; Indonesia: 

Sumatra: Batang Hari drainage. 

al is lost are not explained, Code art. 75.3.4; adjective, - 

us, -a, -um) 

4.9 Kottelatlimia Nalbant, 1994 

Kottelatlimia Nalbant, 1994: 377 (type species: Lepidocephalichthys 

katik Kottelat & Lim, 1992: 212, by original 

designation). Gender feminine. 

4.9.1 Kottelatlimia hipporhynchos Kottelat & Tan, 2008 

Kottelatlimia hipporhynchos Kottelat & Tan, 2008: 64, fig. 1 

(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: 

Kahayan drainage, blackwater stream at km 80 on road 

from Palangka Raya to Tumbang Telakian (35 km after 

turn-off at km 45 on road from Palangka Raya to Kasongan); 

1°37.324'S 113°37.569'E; holotype: MZB 10977; 


4.9.2 Kottelatlimia katik (Kottelat & Lim, 1992) 

Lepidocephalichthys katik Kottelat & Lim, 1992: 212, fig. 6 

(type locality: Malaysia; holotype: ZRC 9344; noun in 


4.9.3 Kottelatlimia pristes (Roberts, 1989) 

Lepidocephalichthys pristes Roberts, 1989: 105, fig. 80 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: 30 km 

west of Sintang on road from Sanggau to Sintang; holotype: 

MZB 3527; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

4.10 Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863 

Cobitichthys Bleeker, 1858: 304 (type species: Cobitis barbatuloides 

Bleeker, 1851: 435, by monotypy; declared 

nomen oblitum under Code art. 23.9.2 by Kottelat & Tan, 

2008b: 70). Gender masculine. 

Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863a: 38 (type species: Cobitis 

hasselti Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846: 74, by original designation; also in Bleeker, 1863c: 

4, pl. 103; declared nomen protectum under Code art. 

23.9.2 by Kottelat & Tan, 2008b: 70). Gender masculine. 

Platacanthus Day, 1865a: 296 (type species: Platacanthus 

agrensis Day, 1865a: 296, by monotypy; junior homonym 

of Platacanthus Fischer von Waldheim, 1849: 80, in fossil 

fishes; also in Day, 1865b: 204). Gender masculine. 

Jerdonia Day, 1871: 700 (type species: Platacanthus maculatus 

Day, 1868: 941, by monotypy; junior homonym of 

Jerdonia Blanford & Blanford, 1862: 348, in Mollusca). 


Enobarbus Whitley, 1928: 296 (replacement name for Jerdonia 

Day, 1871: 700; not a junior homonym of Aenobarbus 

Agassiz, 1842: 2, in Aves). Gender masculine.

Enobarbichthys Whitley, 1931: 107 (unnecessary replacement 

name for Enobarbus Whitley, 1928: 296). Gender 

masculine. 

Madrasia Nalbant, 1963: 364 (replacement name for Jerdonia 

Day, 1871: 700). Gender feminine. 

Nomenclatural notes. Whitley (1931: 107) proposed 

Enobarbichthys as a replacement name for Enobarbus which 

he considered preoccupied by "Aenobarbus Temminck, 

1835". As the spellings of the two names differ, they are not 

homonyms and Enobarbus is available. 

Whitley could not trace the original description of 

Aenobarbus. The reference given by Neave (1939: 73) is 

Agassiz (1842: 2) but in Agassiz (1842), the name is listed 

simply as "Aenobarbus Temm. Pl. Col. d'Ois. II, 1838. Nom. 

propr. (aenas; barba.) Columbinae." This refers to Temminck 

& Laugier de Chartrouse (1836), which I have examined. 

This is an unpaginated collection of plates and text and the 

name Aenobarbus does not appear in volume 2. Volume 1 

has a 109-pages "Tableau méthodique" (1839) listing all 

birds, including those in the work, and I could not find 

Aenobarbus. The word aenobarbus only appears as Allotrius 

aenobarbus on plate 589 (dated 1836 by Dickinson, 2001: 

46). The genus name Aenobarbus is made available by its 

mention by Agassiz (1842: 2), in which "nom. prop." indicates 

it is a proper noun, which means that the genus name is 

based on an existing noun, which can only refer to Allotrius 

aenobarbus. In conclusion, the author of Aenobarbus is Agassiz 

(1842: 2) and it is not a senior synonym of Enobarbus. 

4.10.1 Lepidocephalichthys alkaia Havird & Page, 2010 

Lepidocephalichthys alkaia Havird & Page, 2010: 140, fig. 4 

(type locality: Myanmar: Kachin State: Hpa-Lap stream, 

of Nam Chim Chaung, of Nan Kwe Chaung, northwest 

of Myitkyina, 25°31'36"N 97°22'45"E; holotype: USNM 


4.10.2 Lepidocephalichthys annandalei Chaudhuri, 1912 

Lepidocephalichthys annandalei Chaudhuri, 1912: 442, 

pl. 40 fig. 3 (type locality: India: Mahananda River at 

Siliguri and Tista River near Jalgaipuri; syntypes [total 

7]: ZSI F 5593–5595/1 [3], Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 


Lepidocephalichthys menoni Pillai & Yazdani, 1976: 13, 

fig. 1 (type locality: India: Meghalaya: South Garo Hills 

District: Someswari River at Baghmara [22°15'N 

88°52'E]; holotype: ZSI/ETS V/ERS 551; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

4.10.3 ? Lepidocephalichthys arunachalensis (Datta & 

Barman, 1984) 

Noemacheilus arunachalensis Datta & Barman, 1984: 275, 

pl. 14 (type locality: India: Arunachal Pradesh: Tirap 

District: Namdapha River, Namdapha Wild Life Sanctuary; 

holotype: ZSI FF 1713; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Apparently a species of Lepidocephalichthys 

(see Kottelat, 1990a: 118). Validity unclear. 

4.10.4 Lepidocephalichthys barbatuloides (Bleeker, 1851) 

Cobitis barbatuloïdes Bleeker, 1851: 435 (type locality: Indonesia: 

Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas; holotype: 


32 

RMNH 4960, Alfred, 1961: 33; adjective, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Tentatively recognised as valid (Kottelat 

& Tan, 2008b: 70). Not recorded since original description. 

4.10.5 Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei (Blyth, 1860) 

Acanthopis [sic] Berdmorei Blyth, 1860: 168 (type locality: 

Burma: Tenasserim provinces; holotype: ZSI F 2646/1, 

Kottelat & Lim, 1992: 205 [contra statement in Eschmeyer 

& Fricke, 2010, a single locality is stated in original 

description]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Lepidocephalus cataractus Fowler, 1939: 60, fig. 10 (type 

locality: Thailand: waterfall at Trang; holotype: ANSP 

68470; treated as a noun in apposition, indeclinable 

[should have been cataracta]) 

Lepidocephalus guntea birmanicus Rendahl, 1948: 64, 

fig. 30 (original description; type locality: Myanmar: 

Shweli Kyaung, 24 miles east of 24°N 96°E; holotype: 

NRM 20829; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

? Acanthophthalmus longipinnis Menon, 1992: 93, fig. 10 

(type locality: India: Manipur: Kharungpat Lake, 20 km 

south of Imphal; holotype: ZSI/SRS 3371; compound 


4.10.6 Lepidocephalichthys coromandelensis Menon, 1992 

Lepidocephalichthys coromandelensis Menon, 1992: 67, 

fig. 4, pl. 6 fig. 1 (type locality: India: Andhra Pradesh: 

Araku Valley; holotype: ZSI/SRS F 3369; adjective, -is, 

-is,-e) 

4.10.7 Lepidocephalichthys furcatus (de Beaufort, 1933) 

Lepidocephalus furcatus de Beaufort, 1933: 32 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Perak: Bukit Merah Reservoir; syntypes 

[6]: ZRC 1445 [3], ZMA 100.979 [1], BMNH 

1969.11.13.1 [1], Kottelat & Lim, 1992: 207, Nijssen et 

al., 1993: 214, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

4.10.8 Lepidocephalichthys goalparensis Pillai & Yazdani, 

1976 

Lepidocephalichthys goalparensis Pillai & Yazdani, 1976: 

15, fig. 2 (type locality: India: Assam: 6 km west of Dudhna 

Inspection Bungalow, Goalpara; holotype: ZSI/ERS 

V/ERS 519; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Lepidocephalus caudofurcatus Tilak & Husain, 1979: 60, 

fig. 2 (type locality: India: Uttar Pradesh: Dehra Dun 

District: Kalapani nala Rishikesh; holotype: ZSI/NRS 

V-1186; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.10.9 Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822) 

Cobitis guntea Hamilton, 1822: 353, 394 (type locality: 

Bengal [Goalpara; Hora, 1935a: 49]; types: NT; Hamilton's 

unpublished figure reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839: 

pl. 51 fig. 3; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Cobitis balgara Hamilton, 1822: 356, 394 (type locality: 

India: Kosi River [at Nathpur, near the Nepal frontier; 

Hora, 1935a: 49]; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished figure 

reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 53 fig. 2; simultaneous 

subjective synonym of Cobitis guntea Hamilton, 

1822: 353; first reviser [Day, 1878a: 609] gave precedence 

to C. guntea; noun in apposition, indeclinable)

4.10.5 Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei, CMK 22043, 62.8 mm SL; 

Thailand: Ranong. 

4.10.7 Lepidocephalichthys furcatus, CMK 16516, 21.5 mm SL; 

Thailand: Tapi drainage. 

Cobitis Maya Sykes, 1839a: 162 (type locality: India: Deccan 

[Mola Mola River at Poona; Sykes, 1841: 367 [Pune, 

18°28'N 73°48'E]]; syntypes: LU; also in Sykes, 1839b: 

59, 1841: 367; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Canthophrys vittatus Swainson, 1839: 310 (available by indication 

to Hamilton, 1822 "Cob. No. 4" [p. 353, Cobitis 

guntea]; type locality: Bengal [Goalpara; Hora, 1935a: 

49]; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced 

in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 51 fig. 3; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Cantophrys olivaceus Swainson, 1839: 310 (available by 

indication to Hamilton, 1822 "Cob. No. 8" [p. 356, Cobitis 

balgara]; type locality: India: Kosi River [at Nathpur, 

near the Nepal frontier; Hora, 1935a: 49]; types: NT; 



? Cobitis guttata M'Clelland, 1839: 305, 438, pl. 52 figs. 5– 

6 (type locality: India: tanks in vicinity of Joorhath; syntypes: 

SMF 409 [1], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010 [as holotype]; 


Cobitis phoxocheila M'Clelland, 1839: 305, 439, pl. 52 fig. 4 

(type locality: India: Arunachal Pradesh: Mishmee 

moutains; syntypes: ZSI [2]; compound adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

? Schistura aculeata M'Clelland, 1839: 307 (type locality: 

India: Assam; types: LU; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Misgurnus lateralis Günther, 1868: 346 (type locality: India: 

Bengal; holotype: BMNH 1858.8.15.49, Eschmeyer 

& Fricke, 2010; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Lepidocephalus dibruensis Sen, 1979: 35, fig. 1 (type locality: 

India: Assam: Dibru River, Guijan, 60 km from Dibrugarh; 

holotype: ZSI FF 1203; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Lepidoce-phalichthys nepalensis Shrestha, 1978: 37 (nomen 

nudum) 

Lepidocephalichthys nepalensis Shrestha, 1981: 129, fig. 63 

(type locality: Nepal: Biratnagar: Singhia River; holotype: 

TUK; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

4.10.10 Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes, in 

Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) 

Cobitis Octocirrhus Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt, 

1823: 133, 1824: 376 (nomen nudum, see Kottelat, 


33 

4.10.12 Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi, CMK 7117, 53.7 mm SL; 

Sri Lanka: Wilpita. 

4.10.14 Lepidocephalichthys lorentzi, CMK 6967, 27.5 mm SL; 

Indonesia: Borneo: Kapuas drainage. 

4.11.1 Lepidocephalus cf. macrochir, about 60 mm SL; Thailand: 

Chao Phraya drainage. (Photograph by Jörg Bohlen). 

1987b: 371) 

Cobitis hasselti Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846: 74 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Tjelankakan 

River [Tjelankahan; Kottelat & Lim, 1992: 210]; holotype: 

LU; based on a drawing sent by Kuhl and van Hasselt 

[reproduced in Roberts, 1993: fig. 27]; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Lepidocephalichthys nudus Machan, 1931: 221 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Java: Kalen reservoir near Surabaya; syntypes: 

NMW 16151–16156 [6], Kottelat & Lim, 1992: 


Lepidocephalus taeniatus Fowler, 1939: 63, figs. 11–12 (type 



Acanthophthalmus unistriatus Roberts, 1993: 25 (not available, 

name published in synonymy) 

4.10.11 Lepidocephalichthys irrorata Hora, 1921 

Lepidocephalichthys irrorata Hora, 1921b: 196, pl. 9 fig. 5 

(type locality: India: Manipur [exact locality not explicitly 

stated, probably Loktak Lake]; holotype: ZSI F 9904/ 

1; participle, -us, -a, -um) 

4.10.12 Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi (Deraniyagala, 

1956) 

Lepidocephalus jonklaasi Deraniyagala, 1956: 35 (type 

locality: Sri Lanka: Southern Province: Akuressa; holotype: 

NMSL FF 727 A; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

4.10.13 Lepidocephalichthys kranos Havird & Page, 2010 

Lepidocephalichthys kranos Havird & Page, 2010: 149, 

fig. 8 (type locality: Thailand: Ubon Ratchathani: Mun 

River (tributary of Mekong River), marsh near University 

Ubon Ratchathani campus, 15°10'45.84"N

104°45'44.76"E; holotype: UF 171980; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

4.10.14 Lepidocephalichthys lorentzi (Weber & de Beaufort, 

1916) 

Acanthophthalmus lorentzi Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 32, 

fig. 12 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan 

Barat: Upper Kapuas [at Putussibau; Roberts, 1989: 104]; 

holotype: ZMA 103.259, Nijssen et al., 1993: 213; noun 


4.10.15 Lepidocephalichthys micropogon (Blyth, 1860) 

Acanthopis [sic] micropogon Blyth, 1860: 168 (type locality: 

Burma: Tenasserim provinces; types: lost, Kottelat & 

Lim, 1992: 209; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Lepidocephalichthys manipurensis Arunkumar, 2000b: 1097, 

fig. 4 (type locality: India: Manipur: Chindwin drainage: 

Chandel District: Lairok Maru, tributary of Lokchao River 

near Moreh; holotype: MUMF2250/1A; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. The figure of the mouth of L. manipurensis 

in the original description (Arunkumar, 2000b: 1099, 

fig. 5a) is a crude copy of the drawing of the mouth of Kottelatlimia 

katik in Kottelat & Lim (1992: 213, fig. 7c). The 

figure of the pectoral fin (fig. 3d) is based on that of K. katik 

in Kottelat & Lim (1992: fig. 7) in which the serrae have 

been removed, a second simple ray has been added (unlikely 

in Cobitidae and contradicting the text) and a structure 

added on branched ray 5 (not 6–7 as in text, and in all other 

species of the genus). 

4.10.16 Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes, in 

Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) 

Cobitis thermalis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846: 78 (type locality: Sri Lanka: hot waters of Cania; 

syntypes: MNHN 1082 [7], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 93; 


Cobitis Carnaticus Jerdon, 1849: 331 (type locality: India: 

Carnatic; types: NT; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Cobitis Mysorensis Jerdon, 1849: 332 (type locality: India: 

Mysore; syntypes: NT; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Cobitis rubripinnis Jerdon, 1849: 332 (type locality: India: 

Malabar; syntypes: NT; junior homonym of Cobitis rubripinnis 

Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 222, pl. 103 fig. 1; 


Platacanthus agrensis Day, 1865a: 296 (type locality: India: 

Kerala: Trichoo near Cochin; holotype: BMNH 

1865.7.17.25 [1], 1867.5.10.17–19 [3] or 1975.9.30.12 

[1], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 156, Eschmeyer & 

Fricke, 2010; also in Day, 1865b: 204, pl. 14 fig. 1; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

Platacanthus maculatus Day, 1868: 941 (type locality: India: 

Madras; holotype: BMNH 1868.10.28:36, Harant 

& Bohlen, 2010: 2446, fig. 1a, Whitehead & Talwar, 

1976: 157, Menon, 1992: 85; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.10.17 Lepidocephalichthys tomaculum Kottelat & Lim, 

1992 

Lepidocephalichthys tomaculum Kottelat & Lim, 1992: 216, 

fig. 9 (type locality: Malaysia: Selangor: Sungai Bernam 


34 

basin: North Selangor peat swamp forest, stream at 34 

km mark on road from Sungai Besar to Tanjong Malim; 

approx. 3°40'N 101°20'E; holotype: ZRC 14938; noun 


4.10.18 Lepidocephalichthys zeppelini Havird & Tangjitjaroen, 

in Havird, Page, Tangjitjaroen, Vidthayanon, 

Grudpan & Udduang, 2010 

Lepidocephalichthys zeppelini Havird & Tangjitjaroen, in 

Havird, Page, Tangjitjaroen, Vidthayanon, Grudpan & 

Udduang, 2010: 6, fig. 1 (type locality: Thailand: Ubon 

Ratchathani Province: Mun River (Mekong drainage), 

isolated pools in rice field, Ubon Rajathani University 

campus, 15°08'03.18"N 104°55'27.78"E; holotype: UF 


4.11 Lepidocephalus Bleeker, 1858 

Lepidocephalus Bleeker, 1858: 303 (type species: Cobitis 

macrochir Bleeker, 1854b: 97, by subsequent designation 

by Bleeker, 1863a: 38, 1863c: 4). Gender masculine. 

4.11.1 Lepidocephalus macrochir (Bleeker, 1854) 

Cobitis macrochir Bleeker, 1854b: 97 (type locality: Indonesia: 

Sumatra: Palembang: confluence of Lamatang 

[Lematang] and Enim Rivers / Central Java: Surakarta, 

in Pepeh River; syntypes [5, 64–91 mm TL]: RMNH, 

BMNH 1866.5.2.55 [1], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; compound 


Lepidocephalichthys pallens Vaillant, 1902: 153, fig. 47 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas 

River, possibly at Sintang; holotype: RMNH 7783, Eschmeyer 

& Fricke, 2010; adjective, indeclinable) 

Acanthophthalmus pahangensis de Beaufort, 1933: 31 (type 

locality: Malaysia: 'fish-drive' off Mentakab, Pahang River; 

holotype: ZRC 490, Alfred, 1970: 70; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

4.11.2 Lepidocephalus spectrum Roberts, 1989 

Lepidocephalus spectrum Roberts, 1989: 106, fig. 81 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sungai 

Melawi near confluence with Kapuas, about 0.5 km upstream 

from Sintang; holotype: MZB 3533; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

4.12 Microcobitis Bohlen & Harant, 2011 

Microcobitis Bohlen & Harant, 2011: 296 (type species: 

Cobitis misgurnoides Rendahl, 1944: 21, by original 


4.12.1 Microcobitis misgurnoides (Rendahl, 1944) 

Cobitis misgurnoides Rendahl, 1944: 21, fig. 10 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Annam: Thua Luu, 50 km south-east of Hué; 

holotype: NHMG; adjective, indeclinable) 

? Cobitis nuicocensis Nguyen & Vo, in Nguyen, 2005: 560, 

fig. 9 (type locality: Vietnam: Thai Nguyen Province: Dai 

Tu district: Cong River, flowing to Nui Coc lake; holotype: 

NCNTTSI; adjective, -is, -is, -e)

4.13 Misgurnus La Cepède, 1803 

Misgurnus La Cepède, 1803: 16 (type species: Cobitis fossilis 

Linnaeus, 1758: 303, by monotypy). Gender masculine. 

Ussuria Nikolski, 1904: 362 (type species: Ussuria leptocephala 

Nikolski, 1904: 362, by monotypy). Gender feminine. 

Mesomisgurnus Fang, 1935b: 129 (type species: Nemacheilus 

bipartitus Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874: 16, 

by original designation). Gender masculine. 

Taxonomic notes. Several chromosome and molecular studies 

(e.g. Šlechtová et al., 2008; Kitagawa et al., 2011; Perdices 

et al., 2012) show that the genus Misgurnus is polyphyletic. 

4.13.1 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842) 

Cobitis anguillicaudata Cantor, 1842: 485 (type locality: 

China: Chusan Island; syntypes: BMNH 2007.9.17.2 [1], 

2007.9.17.3–10 [8], Günther, 1868: 345; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

Cobitis bifurcata M'Clelland, 1844: 400, pl. 23 fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Chusan Island; types: LU; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Cobitis pectoralis M'Clelland, 1844: 400, pl. 23 fig. 3 (type 

locality: China: Chusan Island; types: LU; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

Cobitis psammismus Richardson, 1846a: 300 (type locality: 

China: Canton; holotype: specimen on which is based 

Reeves's unpublished drawing, reproduced in Whitehead, 

1970: 210, pl. 19 fig. a; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Cobitis haematopterus Richardson, 1846a: 301 (type locality: 

Japan; holotype: ? BMNH; compound adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Cobitis rubripinnis Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 220, pl. 103 

fig. 1 (type locality: Japan: surroundings of Nagasaki; 

lectotype: RMNH 2705b, designated by Boeseman, 1947: 


Cobitis maculata Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 221, pl. 103 

fig. 2 (type locality: Japan [surroundings of Nagasaki]; 

holotype: ? RMNH 2705f, Boeseman, 1947: 166 [Boeseman 

commented that the specimen on the plate is not the 

specimen described in the text and that RMNH 2705f is 

very similar to the plate; if the plate appeared before the 

text and if the plate is really based on this specimen, it is 

the holotype; if the text and plate appeared together, it is 

possibly a syntype]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Cobitis micropus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846: 29 (type locality; China; holotype: MNHN 5688, 

Bertin & Estève, 1948: 95; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Cobitis decemcirrosus Basilewsky, 1855: 239, pl. 7 fig. 2 

(type locality: China: stagnant waters near Beijing; types: 

ZISP ?; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Cobitichthys enalios Bleeker, 1859b: 259 (nomen nudum) 

Cobitichthys dichachrous Bleeker, 1859b: 259 (nomen nudum) 

Cobitichthys polynema Bleeker, 1859b: 259 (nomen nudum) 

Cobitichthys enalios Bleeker, 1860b: 88, pl. 2 fig. 4 (type 

locality: Japan: Kaminoseki; holotype: BMNH 

1862.5.2.26 [1], Günther, 1868: 346; treated as noun in 


Cobitichthys dichachrous Bleeker, 1860b: 89, pl. 2 fig. 2 


35 

(type locality: Japan: Jedo [Tokyo]; holotype: BMNH 

1866.5.2.96 [1], Günther, 1868: 347; etymology unknown, 

indeclinable) 

Cobitichthys polynema Bleeker, 1860b: 90, pl. 2 fig. 3 (type 

locality: Japan: Jedo [Tokyo]; holotype: BMNH 

1866.5.2.24, Günther, 1868: 346; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Cobitis erythropterus Günther, 1868: 345 (not available, 

unpublished name in collection) 

Misgurnus maculatus Bleeker, 1872: 146 (nomen nudum; 


Cobitis He-tsieou Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191, pl. 49 fig. 1 

(name not binominal, not available; locality: Central 

China) 

? Cobitis cirrhifurcata Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191, pl. 49 

fig. 2 (type locality: China: lakes of the inner of China, 

Yang-tsee-kiang [Yangtze]; holotype: NT; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

Cobitis ny-tsieou Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191, pl. 49 fig. 3 

(name not binominal, not available; China: Yang-tseekiang 

[Yangtze], lakes and ponds of China) 

Nemachilus lividus Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874: 

15 (type locality: China; syntypes: MNHN 5237 [2], 

Fang, 1935b: 139, fig. 9, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 95; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Misgurnus crossochilus Sauvage, 1878a: 89 (type locality: 

China: Fujian: high mountains of Koaten [Fujian: Kuatun, 

27°51'N 117°48'E; see Crossostoma davidi]; syntypes: 

MNHN 9822 [4], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 95; compound 


Misgurnus anguillicaudatus tungting Nichols, 1925f: 3 (type 

locality: China: Hunan: Huping, Tungting Lake; holotype: 

AMNH 8393; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Misgurnus mizolepis fukien Nichols, 1925f: 4 (type locality: 

China: Fukien [Fujian]: Yenping [Yanping]; holotype: 


Misgurnus mizolepis hainan Nichols & Pope, in Nichols, 

1925f: 4 (type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype: 

AMNH 8363; also in Nichols & Pope, 1927: 337, fig. 9, 

pl. 16 fig. 1; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Misgurnus mizolepis grangeri Nichols, 1925f: 5 (type locality: 

China: Sichuan: Yen-ching-kao; holotype: AMNH 


Misgurnus mohoity yunnan Nichols, 1925f: 5 (type locality: 

China: Yunnan: Yunnanfu [Kunming]; holotype: 


Misgurnus mohoity leopardus Nichols, 1925f: 6 (type locality: 

China: Hunan: Tungting Lake; holotype: AMNH 


Misgurnus punctatus Oshima, 1926: 5 (type locality: China: 

Hainan: Kachek River near Kachek; holotype: LU; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Misgurnus anguillicaudatus formosanus Rendahl, 1936: 302 

(type locality: Taiwan: Lake Candidius; holotype: NRM 


Misgurnus mizolepis heungchow Lin, 1932a: 66 (type locality: 

China: Guangdong: Heungchow; syntypes: LU; noun 


Misgurnus mizolepis unicolor Lin, 1932a: 66 (type locality: 

China: Guangdong: East Fisheries Experiment Station

4.12.1 Microcobitis cf. misgurnoides, CMK 19846, 31.1 mm SL; 

Laos: Mekong drainage: Nakai reservoir. 

4.13.1 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, CMK 14918, 81.3 mm SL; 

Vietnam: Mong Cai. 

Canton; holotype: LU; adjective, indeclinable) 

Misgurnus elongatus Kimura, 1934: 158, pl. 5 fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Shanghai; holotype: LU; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

Taxonomic notes. Synonymy largely follows Chen (1981) 

but needs re-evaluation. Chromosome and genetic data (e.g. 

Yu et al., 1989: 160; Dong et al., 1999; Shimizu & Takagi, 

2010; Kitagawa et al., 2011; Perdices et al., 2012) suggest 

that several species are confused under the name M. anguillicaudatus. 

See also comments under Paramisgurnus dabryanus. 

4.13.2 Misgurnus buphoensis Kim & Pak, 1995 

Misgurnus buphoensis Kim & Pak, 1995: 54, fig. (type locality: 

North Korea: North Hamgyong province: Sonbong 

county: Bupori; holotype: MIZASDPRK 93-65; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

4.13.3 Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus, 1758) 

Cobitis fossilis Linnaeus, 1758: 303 (based on J. F. Gronovius 

[1748: 79, pl. 3, Cobitis aculeo bifurco ...], Artedi [1738: 

gen. [spec.] 2, syn. 3, Cobitis caerulescens ...] and Linnaeus 

[1754: 76, idem]; type locality: "in Europa"; syntypes: 

BMNH 1853.11.12:121 [1], NRM 69 [1], Wheeler, 

1958: 213, Fernholm & Wheeler, 1983: 218; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

? Petromizon [sic] variegatus Wulff, 1765: 16 (type locality: 

Borussia [Prussia]; type material: NT; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

4.13.4 Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski, 1869) 

Cobitis fossilis var. mohoity Dybowski, 1869: 957 (type locality: 

Russia: Siberia: Zabaykalsky Krai: muddy lakes of 

Onon and Ingoda drainages [near Duldurga, on Ila River; 

Vasil'eva, 2001: 553]; syntypes: NMW 80070 [4], 

83462 [1], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Nemachilus bipartitus Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874: 

16 (type locality: North China and Central China [Sichuan]; 

syntypes: MNHN 3931 [2], 4655 [9], Fang, 

1935b: 136, fig. 7, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 95; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

? Misgurnus maculatus Bleeker, 1872: 146 (nomen nudum; 



36 

4.13.4 Misgurnus mohoity, CMK 19646, 103.4 mm SL; Mongolia: 

Amur drainage: Bayan Gol. 

4.13.7 Misgurnus tonkinensis, 82.5 mm SL; Vietnam: Vinh. 

? Misgurnus spilurus Bleeker, 1872: 146 (nomen nudum; 


Misgurnus cestoideus Kessler, 1876: 34 (type locality: China: 

Nei Mongol: Lake Dalai-Nor [Dalai Nur; 43°18'N 

116°40'E; not Hu-Lun Lake, which is another Dalai Nur]; 

holotype: ZISP 2488, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Cobitis ajdan Dybowski, in Sinicyn, 1900: 49 (nomen nudum; 

material: "Imperial Warsaw University" 2769 [Onon 

River], ZMB 7116 [2, Dauria]) 

Ussuria leptocephala Nikolski, 1904: 362 (type locality: 

Russia: Ussuri River [Ussury River near Khabarovsk] / 

Mongolia: Cherulu River [Kherlen; Vasil'eva, 2001: 553]; 

syntypes: ZISP 10655 [1], ZISP 12791 [1]; compound 


Misgurnus erikssoni Rendahl, 1922: 3 (type locality: Mongolia: 

Djaggaste [about 120 km on road from Kalgan 

[Zhangjiakou] to Urga [Ulaan Baatar], 41.7039°N 

113.839°E, NRM catalogue]; syntypes [18]: NRM 10339 

[13], MNHN 1933.115 [1], AMNH [2], Bertin & Estève, 

1948: 95, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

4.13.5 Misgurnus multimaculatus Rendahl, 1944 

Misgurnus mizolepis multimaculatus Rendahl, 1944: 13, fig. 6 

(type locality: Vietnam: Annam: Thua Luu, 50 km southeast 

of Hué; holotype: NHMG; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.13.6 Misgurnus nikolskyi Vasil'eva, 2001 

Misgurnus nikolskyi Vasil'eva, 2001: 589, fig. 3 [p. 560 of 

translation] (type locality: Russia: Primorsky Kray: a lake 

near Lefu River [Ilistaya; a tributary of Lake Khanka], 

near Novokorovinskaya [p. 561]; holotype: ZMMU 

P-20792; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

4.13.7 Misgurnus tonkinensis Rendahl, 1937 

Misgurnus mizolepis tonkinensis Rendahl, 1937: 2, fig. 1 

(type locality: Vietnam: Tonkin: Hanoi; holotype: NRM 


4.14 Neoeucirrhichthys Banarescu & Nalbant, 1968 

Neoeucirrhichthys Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1968: 349 (type 

species: Neoeucirrhichthys maydelli Bănărescu & Nalbant, 

1968: 349, by original designation). Gender masculine.

4.14.1 Neoeucirrhichthys maydelli, CMK 21126, 31.8 mm SL; 

Bangladesh: Brahmaputra drainage. 

4.15.1 Niwaella delicata, 82 mm SL; Japan: Shiga Prefecture: Yasu 

River. (Photograph by Kazumi Hosoya). 

4.14.1 Neoeucirrhichthys maydelli Banarescu & Nalbant, 

1968 

Neoeucirrhichthys maydelli Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1968: 

349, fig. 15 (type locality: India: Assam: Goalpara District: 

Janali River at Raimona; holotype: ZMH H 3609, 

Wilkens, 1977: 158; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

4.15 Niwaella Nalbant, 1963 

Niwaëlla Nalbant, 1963: 362 (type species: Cobitis delicata 

Niwa, 1937: 72, by original designation). Gender feminine. 

Taxonomic notes. Niwaella laterimaculata, N. longibarba 

and N. xinjiangensis have a colour pattern somewhat similar 

to that of Iksookimia but do not have sexually dimorphic 

pectoral fins. They were placed in Niwaella by Chen & Chen 

(2005), which, besides being geographically distant, has a 

different appearance and colour pattern. They are tentatively 

retained in Niwaella but may represent an unnamed lineage. 

4.15.1 Niwaella delicata (Niwa) 

Cobitis delicata Niwa, 1937: 72 (type locality: Japan: Agi 

River, a tributary of Kiso River; holotype: LU; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

4.15.2 ? Niwaella laterimaculata (Yan & Zheng, 1984) 

Cobitis laterimaculata Yan & Zheng, 1984: 82, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Zhejiang: Fenghua County: Yongjiang 

River at Xikou; holotype: LFZFC 821138; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

4.15.3 ? Niwaella longibarba Chen & Chen, 2005 

Niwaella longibarba Chen & Chen, 2005: 1647, figs. 1d, 5 

(type locality: China: Zhejiang: Chengxian County: 

Cao'ejiang River, Huangzezhen, 29°36.3'N 120°54.4'E; 

holotype: IHB 9607011; compound noun, indeclinable) 

4.15.4 ? Niwaella xinjiangensis Chen & Chen, 2005 

Niwaella xinjiangensis Chen & Chen, 2005: 1649, figs. 1e, 6 

(type localoity: China: Jiangxi: Guafeng County: Xinjiang 

River, "main upper stream of Boyanghu Lake", 

Yangtze drainage, 28°26.1'N 119°10.2'E; holotype: IHB 

90V1610; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 


37 

4.16.16 Pangio kuhlii, CMK 10045, 66.2 mm SL; Indonesia: Java: 

Bantan. 

4.16.17 Pangio lidi, CMK 21800, 62.1 mm SL; Indonesia: Borneo: 

Mahakam drainage. 

4.16 Pangio Blyth, 1860 

Acanthophthalmus Bleeker, 1858: 304 (incorrect subsequent 

spelling of Acantophthalmus van Hasselt, 1823: 132; not 

a junior homonym of Acanthophthalmus van Hasselt, 

1824: 376 as this is also an incorrect subsequent spelling 

of Acantophthalmus van Hasselt, 1823: 132 and on Official 

Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in 

Zoology, ICZN, 1992b: 248 [Opinion 1695]) 

Pangio Blyth, 1860: 169 (type species: Cobitis cinnamomea 

M'Clelland, 1839: 304, by monotypy). Gender feminine 

[Code art. 30.2.3]. 

Apua Blyth, 1860: 169 (type species: Apua fusca Blyth, 1860: 

169, by monotypy; simultaneous subjective synonym of 

Pangio Blyth, 1860: 169, first reviser [Kottelat, 1987b: 

371] gave precedence to Pangio). Gender feminine. 

Eucirrhichthys Perugia, 1892: 1009 (type species: Eucirrhichthys 

doriae Perugia, 1892: 1009, by monotypy). 


Cobitophis Myers, 1927: 4 (type species: Acanthophthalmus 

anguillaris Vaillant, 1902: 151, by original designation). 


Nomen nudum: 

Pangio bashai Easa & Shaji, 1997: 181 (nomen nudum; 

locality: India: Kerala: Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve); Raju 

Thomas et al., 1999: 479 (nomen nudum); Anna Mercy, 

Gopalakrishan, Kapoor & Lakra, 2007: 142, fig. (nomen 

nudum; locality: none stated, but India: Western Ghat) 

4.16.1 Pangio agma (Burridge, 1992) 

? Acanthophthalmus borneensis Boulenger, 1894a: 251 (type 

locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram River; syntypes: 

BMNH 1889.7.31.14 [1], MNHN 1894.18 [1], 

Bertin & Estève, 1948: 91, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010, 

Kottelat et al., 1993: pl. 29; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Acanthophthalmus agmus Burridge, 1992: 180, fig. 6 (type 

locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Fourth Division: 

Sungai Lawa, 1 km upstream of confluence with Baram 

River; holotype: ROM 58726; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.16.2 Pangio alcoides Kottelat & Lim, 1993 

Pangio alcoides Kottelat & Lim, 1993: 208, fig. 1 (type local-

ity: Malaysia: Terengganu: Rantau Abang, stream at 

154-km stone on road from Kuala Terengganu to Kuantan; 

holotype: ZRC 17209; adjective, indeclinable) 

4.16.3 Pangio alternans Kottelat & Lim, 1993 

Pangio alternans Kottelat & Lim, 1993: 210, fig. 3 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Mahakam 

drainage: blackwater stream entering Mahakam 

River on northern side near Mujub; 0°01'S 115°43'E; 

holotype: MZB 5895; participle, indeclinable) 

4.16.4 Pangio ammophila Britz, Ali & Raghavan, 2012 

Pangio ammophila Britz, Ali & Raghavan, 2012: 46, figs. 1– 

2 (type locality: India: Karnataka: Subramanya, Kumaradhara 

river, 12°00'19"N 75°53'24" E, 811 masl; holotype: 

CRG-SAC.2012.1.1; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.16.5 Pangio anguillaris (Vaillant, 1902) 

Acanthophthalmus anguillaris Vaillant, 1902: 151, fig. 46 

(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: 

Kapuas River, possibly at Sintang; holotype: RMNH 

7788, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010 [a single specimen implied 

on p. 153]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Acanthophthalmus vermicularis Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 

34 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Kampar Kiri River; 

holotype: ZMA 100.260, Nijssen et al., 1982: 26; 


Cobitophis perakensis Herre, 1940: 8, pl. 2 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Perak: lake above Chenderoh Dam; holotype: 

CAS-SU 33004, Böhlke, 1953: 39; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Several species are confused under this 

name. See also molecular data in Bohlen et al. (2011). 

4.16.6 Pangio apoda Britz & Maclaine, 2007 

Pangio apoda Britz & Maclaine, 2007: 28, fig. 8 (type locality: 

India: West Bengal: Brahmaputra drainage: Tista 

River at Tista Barrage; holotype: UMMZ 247779; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

4.16.7 Pangio atactos Tan & Kottelat, 2009 

Pangio atactos Tan & Kottelat, 2009: 57, fig. 42 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Sumatra: Jambi: Danau Kamining near 

Kampung Trasos, ca. 5 km southwards on unpaved road 

turning-off from Muara Bungo - Muara Tebo road at 

km 36; holotype: MZB 10995; treated as noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

4.16.8 Pangio bitaimac Tan & Kottelat, 2009 

Pangio bitaimac Tan & Kottelat, 2009: 59, fig. 43 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Sumatra: Jambi: Sungai Alai; holotype: 

MZB 10997; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

4.16.9 Pangio cuneovirgata (Raut, 1957) 

Acanthophthalmus cuneovirgatus Raut, 1957: 30, figs. (type 

locality: unknown, possibly "Jahore/Hinterindien" 

[Malaysia: Johor]; holotype: ZMB 21332; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

4.16.10 Pangio doriae (Perugia, 1892) 

Eucirrhichthys doriae Perugia, 1892: 1009 (type locality: 


38 

Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak; syntypes: MCSNG 9231 [4], 

ZMA 114.898 [1], Tortonese, 1961: 188, Nijssen et al., 


4.16.11 Pangio elongata Britz & Maclaine, 2007 

Pangio elongata Britz & Maclaine, 2007: 18, fig. 1 (type 

locality: Myanmar: Tenasserim: mouth of Mingaw Kloh 

[Min Ngaw Chaung, stream entering Tenasserim River 

at 13°25'N 99°01'E]; holotype: BMNH 1992.11.16.13; 


4.16.12 Pangio filinaris Kottelat & Lim, 1993 

Pangio filinaris Kottelat & Lim, 1993: 219, fig. 9 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Terengganu: Sungai Tersat, a tributary of 

Sungai Terengganu, immediately downriver of Sekayu 

Waterfall Park, 4°57'51"N 102°57'45"E; holotype: ZRC 


4.16.13 Pangio fusca (Blyth, 1860) 

Apua fusca Blyth, 1860: 169 (type locality: Burma: Tenasserim; 

syntypes [3]: ZSI F 2647/1 [2], ? AMS B.7500 

[1], Hora, 1921d: 32, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 120, Eschmeyer 


4.16.14 Pangio goaensis (Tilak, 1972) 

Acanthophthalmus goaensis Tilak, 1972: 62, fig. 1 (type 

locality: India: Goa: Colem River; holotype: ZSI F 6150/ 


4.16.15 Pangio incognito Kottelat & Lim, 1993 

Pangio incognito Kottelat & Lim, 1993: 221, fig. 11 (type 

locality: Borneo: Sarawak: km 42 on road from Lindu to 

Kuching, west of Sungei Stinggang; holotype: ZRC 

34913; treated as noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

4.16.16 Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846) 

Acantophthalmus fasciatus van Hasselt, 1823: 133 (nomen 

nudum, Kottelat, 1987b: 371) 

Acanthophthalmus fasciatus van Hasselt, 1824: 377 (nomen 

nudum) 

Cobitis kuhlii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 

77 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Krawang; neotype: 

RMNH 2688, designated by Burridge, 1992: 182 [holotype 

listed by Bertin & Estève, 1948: 91, Eschmeyer & 

Fricke, 2010, has no type status, see Burridge, 1992: 181]; 


Acanthophthalmus fasciatus Bleeker, 1860c: 74 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Java: Krawang; neotype: RMNH 2688, 

designated by Kottelat & Lim, 1993: 224; objective junior 

synonym of Cobitis kuhlii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & 

Valenciennes, 1846: 77; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.16.17 Pangio lidi Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009 

Pangio lidi Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009b: 65, figs. 1–2 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Kalimantan Timur: Mahakam drainage, 

Ulu Belayan, Sungai Petung Kanan, 0°32'06"N 

116°10'55"E; holotype: MZB 16528; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable)

4.16.18 Pangio longimanus Britz & Kottelat, 2010 

Pangio longimanus Britz & Kottelat, 2010: 373, fig. 1 (type 

locality: Laos: Vientiane Province: confluence of Nam 

Leuk and Nam Gnong, 18°22'04"N 103°05'27"E; holotype: 

ZRC 51933; compound noun, indeclinable) 

4.16.19 Pangio lumbriciformis Britz & Maclaine, 2007 

Pangio lumbriciformis Britz & Maclaine, 2007: 22, fig. 4 

(type locality: Myanmar: Irrawaddy basin: Nan Kwe 

stream [near Myitkyna]; holotype: BMNH 2006.9.29.6; 


4.16.20 Pangio malayana (Tweedie, 1956) 

Acanthophthalmus kuhlii malayanus Tweedie, 1956: 58, 

pl. 6a (type locality: Malaysia: Pahang: Kuala Tahan; holotype: 


4.16.21 Pangio mariarum (Inger & Chin, 1962) 

Acanthophthalmus mariae Inger & Chin, 1962: 118, fig. 56 

(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kinabatangan 

District: small tributary of Kinabatangan River at Deramakot; 

holotype: FMNH 68161; incorrect original spelling, 

emended into mariarum [Code art. 31.1.2], Kottelat, 


Nomenclatural notes. The species was named for two women 

named Mary. The original spelling mariae must be emended 

into mariarum (Code art. 31(a)(ii); Kottelat, 1989: 13). 

4.16.22 Pangio muraeniformis (de Beaufort, 1933) 

Acanthophthalmus muraeniformis de Beaufort, 1933: 32 

(type locality: Singapore: Thomson Road; syntypes: ZRC 

1052 [2], ZMA 103.185 [3], CAS-SU 32602 [1], Nijssen 

et al., 1993: 213, Böhlke, 1953: 39; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

4.16.23 Pangio myersi (Harry, 1949) 

Acanthophthalmus myersi Harry, 1949: 69 (type locality: 

Southeastern Thailand: Nong Khor; holotype: USNM 


4.16.24 Pangio oblonga (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846) 

Acantophthalmus Javanicus van Hasselt, 1823: 133 (nomen 

nudum, Kottelat, 1987b: 371) 

Acanthophthalmus javanicus van Hasselt, 1824: 377 (nomen 

nudum) 

Cobitis oblonga Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846: 76 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Bogor; neotype: 

ZRC 35047, designated by Kottelat & Lim, 1993: 234 

[RMNH 2710 listed as possible syntypes by Eschmeyer 

& Fricke, 2010 cannot be syntype as Valenciennes based 

his description on a drawing of a single specimen]; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Acanthophthalmus javanicus Bleeker, 1860c: 75 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Java: Bogor; neotype: ZRC 35047, designated 

by Kottelat & Lim, 1993: 235 [RMNH 7061 listed 

by Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010 are not syntypes; a lectotype 

designation by Kottelat & Lim, 1993: 235 made them 

paralectotypes if they really were syntypes; the lectotype 

is lost and a neotype was designated]; objective junior 


39 

synonym of Cobitis oblonga Valenciennes, in Cuvier & 

Valenciennes, 1846: 76; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 



4.16.25 Pangio pangia (Hamilton, 1822) 

Cobitis pangia Hamilton, 1822: 355, 394 (type locality: India: 

"north-eastern parts of Bengal" [Goalpara; Hora, 

1935a: 49]; types: NT; on Official List of Specific Names 

in Zoology, ICZN 1992b: 248 [Opinion 1695]; Hamilton's 


pl. 51 fig. 5, Britz & Maclaine, 2007: 25, fig. 6; noun in 


Cobitis cinnamomea M'Clelland, 1839: 304, 435, pl. 51 fig. 5 

(unnecessary replacement name for Cobitis pangia 

Hamilton, 1822: 335; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Canthophrys rubiginosus Swainson, 1839: 310 (available 

by indication to Hamilton, 1822: "Cob. No. 6" [which is 

Cobitis pangia]; type locality: India: "north-eastern parts 

of Bengal" [Goalpara; Hora, 1935a: 49]; types: NT; 



Taxonomic notes. At least two species are confused under 

this name. See also molecular data in Bohlen et al. (2011). 

4.16.26 Pangio piperata Kottelat & Lim, 1993 

Pangio piperata Kottelat & Lim, 1993: 236, fig. 20 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Terengganu: stream at about km 6 on road 

from Kuala Brang to Kuala Terengganu, 6°04'25"N 

103°03'20"E; holotype: ZRC 35003; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Taxonomic notes. At least two species are confused under 

this name. See also molecular data in Bohlen et al. (2011). 

4.16.27 Pangio pulla Kottelat & Lim, 1993 

Pangio pulla Kottelat & Lim, 1993: 238, fig. 21 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Kalimantan Tengah: heath forest northwest 

of Palankaraya; blackwater stream, 28–29 km on 

road to Tangkiling; tributary of Sungei Rungan, Sungei 

Kahajan drainage; holotype: ZRC 35022; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

4.16.28 Pangio robiginosa (Raut, 1957) 

Acanthophthalmus robiginosus Raut, 1957: 31, figs. (type 

locality: Indonesia: Java: stream Tjipaja-en and tributaries 

near Rangkas-Betong village, Bantean area; holotype: 

ZMB 21334; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.16.29 Pangio semicincta (Fraser-Brunner, 1940) 

Acanthophthalmus semicinctus Fraser-Brunner, 1940: 172, 

fig. 3 (type locality: Malaysia: Johor: Mawai District; 

holotype: BMNH 1938.12.1.113; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Acanthophthalmus kuhlii sumatranus Fraser-Brunner, 1940: 

175, fig. 4B (type locality: Sumatra: Palembang Province: 

Lahat; holotype: BMNH 1866.5.2.41; simultaneous 

subjective synonym of Acanthophthalmus semicinctus 

Fraser-Brunner, 1940: 172; first revisers [Tan & Kottelat, 

2009: 61] gave precedence to A. semicinctus; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 


name. See also molecular data in Bohlen et al. (2011).

4.16.23 Pangio myersi, CMK 20250, 64.1 mm SL; Thailand: Trat. 

4.16.28 Pangio robiginosa, CMK 10046, 39.0 mm SL; Indonesia: 

Java: Bantan. 

4.16.30 Pangio shelfordii (Popta, 1903) 

Acanthophthalmus shelfordii Popta, 1903: 231, fig. (type 

locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Sarawak River near 

Kuching; holotype: RMNH 7661; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 



4.16.31 Pangio signicauda Britz & Maclaine, 2007 

Pangio signicauda Britz & Maclaine, 2007: 26, fig. 7 (type 

locality: Myanmar: Irrawaddy basin: Nanmate stream, 

25°23'03"N 97°00'38"E, between Myitkina and Hopin; 

holotype: USNM 378386; compound noun, indeclinable) 

4.16.32 Pangio superba (Roberts, 1989) 

Acantophthalmus superbus Roberts, 1989: 98, fig. 74 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: forest 

stream about 1 km up Sungai Tajan from Tajan, 87 km 

east of Pontianak; holotype: MZB 3499; adjective, -us, - 

a, -um) 

4.17 Paralepidocephalus Tchang, 1935 

Paralepidocephalus Tchang, 1935: 17 (type species: Paralepidocephalus 

yui Tchang, 1935: 17, by monotypy). 



Paralepidcephalus [sic] guishanensis Li, 2004: 94, fig. 3 

(type locality: China: Yunnan: Shilin County: Fenglongtan 

in Guishan Xiang; holotype: HRAS 980514001; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

4.17.1 Paralepidocephalus yui Tchang, 1935 

Paralepidocephalus yui Tchang, 1935: 17, fig. 1 (type locality: 

China: Yunnan: Shiping; holotype: ASIZB 11678, 

Zhang, 1996: 500; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

4.18 Paramisgurnus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872 

Paramisgurnus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191 (type species: 

Paramisgurnus dabryanus Dabry de Thiersant, 

1872: 191, by monotypy). Gender masculine. 


40 

4.17.1 Paralepidocephalus yui, KIZ 2006009175, 74.3 mm SL; 

China: Yunnan: Pearl River drainage: Niujie River. (Photograph 

by Chen Xiao-Yong). 

4.18.1 Paramisgurnus dabryanus, KIZ JWS2012000, 146.0 mm 

SL; China: Yunnan: Yangtze drainage: Lake Bita. (Photograph by 

Chen Xiao-Yong). 

4.19.2 Protocobitis typhlops, KIZ 9180001, 54.0 mm SL, lectotype; 

China: Guangxi: Xia’ao. (Photograph by Ren Qiu). 

Paramisgurnus Sauvage, 1878a: 90 (type species: Paramisgurnus 

dabryanus Sauvage, 1878a: 90, by monotypy; 

junior homonym and objective synonym of Paramisgurnus 

Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191). Gender masculine. 

4.18.1 Paramisgurnus dabryanus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872 

Paramisgurnus dabryanus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191, 

pl. 49 fig. 6 (type locality: China: Yang-tsee-kiang 

[Yangtze]; holotype: MNHN 5087, Fang, 1935b: 148, 

fig. 11, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 100; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

Paramisgurnus dabryanus Sauvage, 1878a: 90 (type locality: 

China: Yang-tse-Kiang [Yangtze]; holotype: MNHN 

5087, Fang, 1935b: 148, fig. 11, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 

100; junior homonym and objective synonym of Paramisgurnus 

dabryanus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Misgurnus mizolepis Günther, 1888: 434 (type locality: China: 

Yangtsze-Kiang [Yangtze] at Kiu-Kiang; syntypes: 

BMNH 1888.3.23.83–85 [3]; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Misgurnus oligolepos Chen, Shen & Li, 1994: 20, fig. (type 

locality: China: Tianjin Municipality: Tanggu area, south 

of the mouth of Beitang River, fyke net fishing grounds; 

holotype: 880902, but location not stated, probably Tianjin 

Natural History Museum or Tianjin Fisheries Research 

Institute; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Genetic data (e.g. Shimizu & Takagi, 

2010) suggest that several species are confused under the 

name P. dabryanus. A review of the literature and published 

illustrations shows variation in the body shape of populations 

referred to P. dabryanus. This is, however, not conclusive 

because most of the Chinese faunal works include fig-

ures copied from earlier works and not representative of the 

concerned populations. 

It seems that a group of populations have a short and 

tapering caudal peduncle with high dorsal and ventral crests 

originating immediately behind dorsal and anal fins, a deep 

body and a somewhat pointed caudal fin. This agrees with 

the holotype of P. dabryanus (figured by Fang, 1935b: fig. 11) 

and possibly M. oligolepos. The original description of 

M. mizolepis also mentions the high crests on the caudal peduncle. 

Chen (1981) placed M. mizolepis in the synonymy 

of P. dabryanus. 

A second group has a more slender body, shorter and 

less deep crests and a more rounded caudal fin, which has 

often been called M. mizolepis. This may correspond to several 

of the subspecies of M. mizolepis described by Nichols 

and others and which Chen (1981) placed in the synonymy 

of M. anguillicaudatus. This is tentatively followed here but 

clearly it should be re-evaluated after examination of more 

material and the the type material of all. 

Nomenclature notes. The earliest description of M. oligolepos 

as a new species that I could examine is by Chen, 

Shen & Li (1994). Wang et al. (2001: 179) referred to a paper 

by Li (1993a), which could not be found. There are also 

mentions of the description of a Misgurnus olygoskolopos 

in a paper by Li (1993b), which also cannot be found (Chen 

Xiao-Yong, pers. comm.). 

4.19 Protocobitis Yang & Chen, 1993 

Protocobitis Yang & Chen, 1993: 125 (type species: Protocobitis 

typhlops Yang & Chen, 1993: 125, by monotypy; 

also in Yang, Chen & Lan, 1994: 92). Gender feminine. 

Taxonomic notes. It remains to be demonstrated that the 

two cave species P. polylepis and P. typhlops are really congerenic, 

that is, that they share an immediate common ancestor. 

This implies either that the ancestor was an epigean 

species and is now missing or still uncollected, or that this 

ancestor was a cave species that colonised two disjunct cave 

areas. Each species likely has a surface ancestor. 

Nomenclatural notes. Protocobitis and P. typhlops, both 

by Yang & Chen (1993), predate the same names in Yang et 

al. (1994) (Kottelat & Bréhier, 1999: 356). 

4.19.1 'Protocobitis' polylepis Zhu, Lü, Yang & Zhang, 2008 

Protocobitis polylepis Zhu, Lü, Yang & Zhang, 2008: 453, 

fig. 1 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Wuming County: 

underground source, 5 km from Wuming, 23°10'N 

108°17'E; holotype: KIZ 20060001; compound noun, 

indeclinable) 

4.19.2 Protocobitis typhlops Yang & Chen, 1993 

Protocobitis typhlops Yang & Chen, 1993: 125 (type locality: 

China: Guangxi: Du'an County: Xia'ao town, cave, 

24°15'N 107°05'E; lectotype: KIZ 918001, designated 

by Kottelat & Bréhier, 1999: 356; also in Yang, Chen & 

Lan, 1994: 93; compound noun, indeclinable) 


41 

4.20 Sabanejewia Vladykov, 1829 

Sabanejewia Vladykov, 1929: 86 (type species: Cobitis balcanica 

Karaman, 1922: 307, by original designation). 


4.20.1 Sabanejewia aurata (Filippi, 1863) 

Cobitis aurata Filippi, 1863: 391 (type locality: Iran: stream 

near Sartschem [apparently Sarcham-e Sofla, 39°07'N 

47°54'E, B. W. Coad, pers. comm.]; lectotype: MZUT 

674, designated by Tortonese, 1961: 188; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

Cobitis hohenackeri Kessler, 1877: 177 (type locality: Azerbaidjan: 

Kura River, Caspian Sea basin [Berg, 1949: 894]; 

syntypes: ZISP 2854 [5], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; 

author indicated as Brandt, but Kessler is actual author; 


? Cobitis aralensis Kessler, 1877: 184 (type locality: Kazakhstan: 

mouth of Syr-Darya River / Uzbekistan: mouth 

of Amu-Darya River [Berg, 1949: 895]; syntypes [5]: 

ZISP 10932 [1], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

4.20.2 Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman, 1922) 

Cobitis balcanica Karaman, 1922: 307 (type locality: Serbia: 

Save River near Zagreb / Bosnia-Herzegovina: Miljacka 

Stream, tributary of Bosna / FYROM: Vardar River 

(that is, its tributaries near Skopje (Üskub) and Veles) 

[type locality restricted by Bănărescu et al., 1972: 1 but 

irrelevant as this can only be done by lectotype designation]; 

syntypes: MMNHS lost, ? MNHN 28.222 [1], Bertin 

& Estève, 1948: 93; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Cobitis montana Vladykov, 1925: 320, pl. 8 (type locality: 

Ukraine: streams Apica, Tereovka, Teresulka, Luzanka 

and Terebla, tributaries of Theiss River [Tisza] / Theiss 

River between villages Akna-Slatina and Butino; syntypes: 

[LU] 219; junior primary homonym of Cobitis 

montanus Jerdon, 1849: 332; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Cobitis aurata balcanica natio radnensis Jaszfalusi, 1951: 

116, pl. 1 fig. 1 (infrasubspecific, name not available; 

locality: Romania: Zebrak River, a tributary of Szamos 

River [Somesul ?] / Maros River [Mures] near Gödemesterhaza 

and creek Göde) 

Cobitis aurata balcanica morpha elongata Oliva, Balon & 

Franck, 1952: 295 (infrasubspecific, name not available; 

locality: Czechia: Moravia: Lipník on Bečva River) 

Cobitis aurata balcanica morpha elata Oliva, Balon & 

Franck, 1952: 295 (infrasubspecific, name not available; 

locality: Czechia: Moravia: Lipník on Bečva River) 

Cobitis aurata radnensis Bănărescu, Müller & Nalbant, 

1960: 124 (type locality: Romania: upper Mures and Tirnava 

Rivers; syntypes: LU; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Cobitis aurata bosniaca Karaman, 1963: 629, fig. 1 (type 

locality: Bosnia-Herzegovina: creeks Saturlija and Siroka 

near Banja Luka, Vrba River drainage; syntypes [144]: 

MMNHS, lost; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

? Sabanejewia aurata doiranica Economidis, 1995: 211 

(nomen nudum) 

? Sabanejewia aurata thrakica Economidis, 1995: 211 

(nomen nudum) 

? Sabanejewia aurata doiranica Economidis & Nalbant,

4.20.2 Sabanejewia balcanica, CMK 17419, 74.4 mm SL; FYR 

of Macedonia: Vardar drainage. 

4.21.1 Theriodes sandakanensis, ZRC 37645, 25.3 mm SL; Malaysia: 

Borneo: Sabah: Kinabatangan drainage. (Photograph by 

Tan Heok Hui). 

1997: 318, figs. 14, 16d–f (type locality: Greece: Macedonia: 

Lake Doirani; holotype: DZAUT 1989-116; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

? Sabanejewia aurata thrakica Economidis & Nalbant, 1997: 

320, figs. 15, 15g–i (type locality: Greece: Thrace: Erythropotamos 

stream near village Mikro Dereio, Evros River 

drainage; DZAUT 1986-54; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.20.3 Sabanejewia baltica Witkowski, 1994 

Sabanejewia aurata baltica Witkowski, 1994: 44, fig. 10 

(type locality: Poland: Widawa River near Kielczopwek 

village, 4 km from Wroclaw, Oder drainage, 51°18'N 

17°12'E; holotype: NMHW 638; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.20.4 Sabanejewia bulgarica (Drensky, 1928) 

Cobitis bulgarica Drensky, 1928: 171, fig. 5-2 (type locality: 

Bulgaria: small tributaries of Danube in Widdin [Vidin] 

and Danube mainstream at Krai Panaira, 3 km downriver 

of Widdin [Vidin]; lectotype: NRM 10432 [1 of 2], 

designated by Kottelat & Freyhof, 2009: 81, fig. 2; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Cobitis albicoloris Chichkoff, 1932: 368, pl. 1 fig. 3 (type 

locality: Bulgaria: small tributaries of Danube in Widdin 

[Vidin] and Danube mainstream at Krai Panaira, 3 km 

downriver of Widdin [Vidin] [original type locality: Bulgaria: 

creek Provadiiska Rieca]; neotype: NRM 10432 

[1 of 2], designated by Kottelat & Freyhof, 2009: 81, 

fig. 2; objective junior synonym of Cobitis bulgarica 

Drensky, 1928: 171; adjective in genitive [not nominative, 

Code art. 31.2], treated as noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Cobitis taenia tesselatus Pietschmann, 1937: 29 (type locality: 

Bulgaria: Widin [Vidin] on lower Danube River; syntypes: 

NMW 48624 [2], EAWAG 996 [1], Kottelat, 1997: 


4.20.5 Sabanejewia caspia (Eichwald, 1838) 

Cobitis caspia Eichwald, 1838: 133 (type locality: Azerbaidjan: 

Lenkoran [Lankaran, 38°45'N 48°51'E], Caspian Sea 

basin; types: NT; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 


42 

4.20.6 Sabanejewia caucasica (Berg, 1906) 

Cobitis caucasica Berg, 1906b: 37, fig. (type locality: Russia: 

Saagdan, Great Laba River, upper Kuban drainage; 

lectotype: ZISP 8560, designated by Eschmeyer, 1998: 


Remarks. Description based on 7 specimens from Terek 

drainage (Caspian Sea basin) and one from Kuban drainage 

(Black Sea basin). Eschmeyer (1998: 341) designated the 

specimen from Kuban as lectotype and commented that the 

figure in the original description shows the lectotype. Berg 

explicitly stated that the figure is based on one of the 6 specimens 

from Terek in ZMMU earlier described as Cobitis 

aurata by Berg (1899: 73). 

4.20.7 Sabanejewia kubanica Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 1988 

Sabanejewia aurata kubanica Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 1988: 

210 [p. 33 of translation], fig. 2 (type locality: Russia: 

Nevinka River, Kuban River drainage; holotype; ZMMU 

P-16384; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.20.8 Sabanejewia larvata (Filippi, 1859) 

Cobitis larvata Filippi, 1859: 50 (type locality: Italy: creeks 

near Settimo Torinese [NE of Torino]; syntypes: MZUT 

510 [4], MZUP [1], ZMUC 439–441 [3], MZUF 5575 

[1], NMW 48558 [1], ZMB 5014 [2], Tortonese, 1940: 

141, Cantoni 1882: 366, Nielsen, 1974: 49, Eschmeyer 


Cobitis taenia var. conspersa Cantoni, 1882: 364, pl. 1 fig. 3 

(type locality: based on a specimen of unstated locality 

and reference to 2 specimens from Italy: Pavia, identified 

by B. Crivelli as C. larvata, cited by Pavesi, 1877: 

499 [as p. 87]; syntypes [total 3]: MZUP [2], not listed 

by Cantoni, 1882; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

4.20.9 Sabanejewia romanica (Bacescu, 1943) 

Cobitis caspia romanica Băcescu, 1943: 137, figs. 4–6, 7G 

(type locality: Romania: Buzau County: Bratia River, a 

tributary of Arges, at Vladesti, Muscel; lectotype: MGAB 

49916, designated by Kottelat, 1997: 93; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

4.20.10 Sabanejewia vallachica (Nalbant, 1957) 

Cobitis aurata vallachica Nalbant, 1957: 209, figs. 1–3 (type 

locality: Romania: north-east Vallachia: Ialomitza River 

near Crivina; holotype: SMF 4087; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

4.21 Theriodes Kottelat, 2012 

Theriodes Kottelat, 2012: 137 [appendix of present work] 

(type species: Acanthophthalmus sandakanensis Inger 

& Chin, 1962: 120, by original designation). Gender 

masculine. 

4.21.1 Theriodes sandakanensis (Inger & Chin, 1962) 

Acanthophthalmus sandakanensis Inger & Chin, 1962: 120, 

fig. 54E (type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Sandakan 

District: Sepilok Forest Reserve; holotype: FMNH 

68158; adjective, -is, -is, -e)

Family ELLOPOSTOMATIDAE 

5 Ellopostomatidae Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2009 

Ellopostomatinae Nalbant, 2002: pl. 7 (not available, no 

explicitly indicated as intentionally new, Code art. 16.1, 

no type genus cited, art. 16.2) 

Ellopostomatidae Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2009 [Aug.]: 161 

(type genus: Ellopostoma Vaillant, 1902: 145) 

Ellopostomatidae Chen, Lheknim & Mayden, 2009 [Dec.]: 

2204 (type genus: Ellopostoma Vaillant, 1902: 145; junior 

homonym of Ellopostomatidae Bohlen & Šlechtová, 

2009: 161) 

5.1 Ellopostoma Vaillant, 1902 

Ellopostoma Vaillant, 1902: 145 (type species: Aperioptus 

megalomycter Vaillant, 1902: 145, by monotypy). Gender 

neuter. 

5.1.1 Ellopostoma megalomycter (Vaillant, 1902) 

Aperioptus megalomycter Vaillant, 1902: 145, figs. 42–45 


Kapuas River; lectotype: RMNH 7777, designated by 

Roberts, 1972: 3, fig. 1; compound noun, indeclinable) 

5.1.2 Ellopostoma mystax Tan & Lim, 2002 

Ellopostoma mystax Tan & Lim, 2002: 454, fig. 3 (type locality: 

Thailand: Surat Thani Province: Tapi drainage: Khlong 

Sok on highway 410, 5 km west of Phanom; holotype: 

CAS 96698; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Family BARBUCCIDAE 

6 Barbuccidae Kottelat, 2012 

Barbuccidae Kottelat, 2012: 140 [appendix of present work] 

(type genus: Barbucca Roberts, 1989: 100) 

6.1 Barbucca Roberts, 1989 

Barbucca Roberts, 1989: 100 (type species: Barbucca diabolica 

Roberts, 1989: 100, by original designation). Gender 

feminine. 

6.1.1 Barbucca diabolica Roberts, 1989 

Barbuca diabolica Roberts, 1989: 100, fig. 75 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: small forested 

stream where it flows into Sungai Mandai 2–3 km upstream 

from confluence with Kapuas mainstream, 17 km 

west-southwest of Putussibau; holotype: MZB 3536; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 


43 

5.1.2 Ellopostoma mystax, CMK 5166, 46.1 mm SL; Thailand: 

Tapi drainage. 

5.1.2 Ellopostoma mystax, CAS 96698, 55.3 mm SL, holotype. 

(Photograph by Tan Heok Hui). 

6.1.1 Barbucca diabolica, ZRC uncat., 36.0 mm SL; Indonesia: 

Borneo: Kahayan drainage. (Photograph by Tan Heok Hui). 

6.1.1 Barbucca diabolica, ZRC 47747, 29.0 mm SL. (Photograph 

by Tan Heok Hui).

7 Balitoridae Swainson, 1839 

Balitorinae Swainson, 1839: 190 (type genus: Balitora Gray, 

1830: vol. 1, pl. 88) 

Homalopteraeformes Bleeker, 1860a: 422 (type genus: 

Homaloptera van Hasselt, 1823: 133) 

Sinohomalopterini Chen, 1980b: 208 (type genus: Sinohomaloptera 

Fang, 1930a: 26) 

Taxonomic notes. Chen (1980b) recognised two tribes within 

his subfamily Homalopterinae, which he called Homalopterini 

and Sinohomalopterini. I cannot read the Chinese text 

and therefore cannot comment on details. It is not clear to 

which non-Chinese species he had access. Judging from the 

list of species in his tree (p. 206) the coverage was limited. 

I am not able to recognise these two lineages as he defined 

them. 

I have earlier hypothesized that, within Balitoridae, a lineage 

can be defined by the morphology of the snout and the 

mouth (Kottelat & Chu, 1988c: 182). Within this lineage, 

Balitora and Hemimyzon are distinguished only by having 

two simple pelvic rays in Balitora (vs. 3–7 in Hemimyzon), 

a more slender body and pelvic fins widely separated (vs. 

more or less widened body, with pelvic-fin bases from widely 

separated posteriorly to fused). In the field, juveniles of 

some sympatric species are almost indistinguishable (e.g. 

B. annamitica and H. papilio). Authors have placed species 

in one or the other genus only on the basis of the presence of 

one (vs. two) barbels at the angle of the mouth, but the second 

barbel seems to be only an elongated papilla and is certainly 

not a character on which to distinguish genera. Sinohomaloptera 

was similarly distinguished from Balitora only 

by the presence of two barbels at the angle of the mouth; 

here too, the second barbel is an elongated papilla, but in 

most material I have examined, this papilla is not even elongated 

and therefore Sinohomaloptera cannot be distinguished 

from Balitora. In Chen's (1980b) tree, Balitora and Sinohomaloptera 

are in widely separated branches, in different 

tribes. 

The lineage comprising Balitora, Hemimyzon, Lepturichthys, 

Jinshaia, Metahomaloptera and Sinogastromyzon 

seems monophyletic and it could be tempting to call it a subfamily 

and place all other genera in a second subfamily. This, 

however, would be premature. To recognise two subfamilies 

implies that these remaining genera also constitute a monophyletic 

lineage, which is not demonstrated. Especially, there 

is no usable information to determine the position of the species 

described as 'Homaloptera' from Peninsular India. 

Nomen dubium 

Platyptera sinensis Bleeker, 1872: 127, 152 (type locality: 

China; holotype: specimen on which painting is based; 



Family BALITORIDAE 

44 

7.1 Balitora Gray, 1830 

Balitora Gray, 1830: vol. 1, pl. 88 (type species: Balitora 

brucei Gray, 1830: pl. 88, by subsequent designation by 

Jordan, 1919: 178). Gender feminine. 

Sinohomaloptera Fang, 1930a: 26 (as subgenus of Homaloptera 

van Hasselt, 1823: 133; type species: Homaloptera 

kwangsiensis Fang, 1930a: 27, by original designation). 


Species inquirenda et incertae sedis 

Bhavania arunachalensis Nath, Dam, Bhutia, Dey & Das, 

2007: 72, pls. 1–2 (type locality: India: Arunachal 

Pradesh: Lohit District: Noadhing River drainage near 

Namsai, about 30 km from Tezu; holotype: ZSI/APFS 

P-488; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

7.1.1 Balitora annamitica Kottelat, 1988 

Balitora annamitica Kottelat, 1988b: 498, fig. 5 (type locality: 

Cambodia: Boun Long [13°42'N 107°00'E], Grande 

Cascade; holotype: MNHN 1993.253; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

7.1.2 Balitora brucei Gray, 1830 

Balitora Brucei Gray, 1830: vol. 1, pl. 88 fig. 1 (type locality: 

India: Assam: Priang River near Cherrapunji; neotype: 

RMNH 11924, designated by Kottelat, 1988b: 491; 


Balitora maculata Gray, 1830: vol.1, pl. 88 fig. 2 (type locality: 

India: Assam: Priang River near Cherrapunji, Assam, 

India; neotype: RMNH 11924, designated by Kottelat, 

1988b: 491; simultaneous objective synonym of Balitora 

brucei Gray, 1830: vol. 1, pl. 88 fig. 1, first reviser 

[Kottelat, 1988b: 493] gave precedence to B. brucei; 


Platycara anisura M'Clelland & Griffith, in M'Clelland, 

1842: 587, pl. 18 fig. 1 (type locality: India: Kassyah 

Hills; syntypes [2]: LU; compound noun, indeclinable) 

7.1.3 Balitora burmanica Hora, 1932 

Balitora brucei var. burmanicus Hora, 1932a: 291, pl. 11 

fig. 6 (type locality: Burma: Meekalan, Salween drainage; 

lectotype: MCSNG 15171, designated by Kottelat, 

1988b: 491; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Balitora brucei var. melanosoma Hora, 1932a: 291, pl. 10 

fig. 6 (type locality: Burma: stream Megla, Thaugyin 

River, on Thai-Burmese border; holotype: BMNH 

1920.9.8.1; could be treated as infrasubspecific and unavailable, 

but use as a subspecies [e.g. Hora, 1950: 52] 

before 1985 makes it available [Code art. 45.6.4.1]; simultaneous 

subjective synonym of Balitora brucei burmanicus 

Hora, 1932: 291; first reviser [Kottelat, 1988b: 

498] gave precedence to B. b. burmanica; compound 

noun, indeclinable)

Nomenclatural notes. Silas (1953: 207) listed specimen ZSI 

F 11034/1 as holotype of B. burmanica. As Hora (1932a) 

had not designated a holotype, all the specimens he examined 

were syntypes (see Kottelat, 1988a: 491). 

7.1.4 Balitora eddsi Conway & Mayden, 2010 

Balitora eddsi Conway & Mayden, 2010: 1467, fig. 1 (type 

locality: Nepal: Bardiya District: from a 25 km stretch of 

Gerwa River, Karnali River drainage, between Chisapani 

and Kothiaghat, 28°34'00"N 81°13'59.88"E to 

28°23'60"N 81°11'59.99"E; holotype: KU 40276; noun 


7.1.5 Balitora kwangsiensis (Fang, 1930) 

Homaloptera Kwangsiensis Fang, 1930a: 27, pl. 1 figs. 1–2 

(type locality: China: Guangxi: Lin-yueng-shien; holotype: 

MMNHN 899; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Sinohomaloptera hoffmanni Herre, 1938: 429, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Hainan: Cheung Kon Ts'uen; holotype: 

CAS-SU 33002, Hora, 1950: 54; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Balitora heteroura Pan, Liu & Zheng, 1983: 105, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Guangdong: Beijiang River; holotype (?): 

SCNU 8012; compound noun, indeclinable) 

? Balitora nigrocorpa Nguyen, 2005: 594, fig. 29 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Ha Giang Province: Lo River; holotype: 

NCNTTSI; as Sinohomaloptera in key and figure caption; 

also spelt nigrocopa p. 594 fig. 29, an obvious inadvertent 


32.5.1]; corpa is not a Latin word, indeclinable) 

? Balitora vanlani Nguyen, 2005: 597, fig. 31 (type locality: 


Gam River; holotype: NCNTTSI; as Sinohomaloptera 

in key and figure caption; etymology not explained, a 

noun in genitive or in apposition, both indeclinable) 

? Balitora haithanhi Nguyen, 2005: 599, fig. 32 (type locality: 



in key and figure caption; etymology not explained, a 

noun in genitive or in apposition, both indeclinable) 

? Hemimyzon songamensis Nguyen, 2005: 601, fig. 33 (type 

locality: Vietnam: Tuyen Quang Province: Na Hang district: 

Gam River; holotype: NCNTTSI; spelt sorgamensis 

p. 302, songamensis p. 602 fig. 33, 691, songamenis 

p. 601; as first reviser I select songamensis as the correct 

original spelling [in fact, none of these spellings is correct 

for a name based on Song Gam, but this cannot be 

corrected, Code art. 32.3]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

7.1.6 Balitora lancangjiangensis (Zheng, 1980) 

Sinohomaloptera lancangjiangensis Zheng, 1980: 110, 

figs. 1–2 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Menghai Xian; 

syntypes: IHB 78IV0565–569 [4], DBJU 78IV0432–435 

[4]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

? Balitora vanlongi Nguyen, 2005: 596, fig. 30 (type locality: 



in key and figure caption; treated as a noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 


45 

7.1.7 Balitora laticauda Bhoite, Jadhav & Dahanukar, 2012 

? Balitora shimogensis Silas & Kalawar, in Kalawar & 

Kelkar, 1958: 675 (nomen nudum; localities: India: Karnataka: 

Shimoga / Maharasthra: Kolhapur) 

Balitora laticauda Bhoite, Jadhav & Dahanukar, 2012: 3039, 

figs. 1–2 (type locality: India: Maharasthra: Satara District: 

Krishna drainage, stream at Venegaon village near 

Krishna River bridge, 17°29.94'N 74°07.08'E, 590 masl; 

holotype: ZSI/WRC P/2848; compound noun, indeclinable) 

7.1.8 Balitora ludongensis Liu & Chen, in Liu, Zhu, Wei 

& Chen, 2012 

Balitora ludongensis Liu & Chen, in Liu, Zhu, Wei & Chen, 

2012: 370, figs. 1–3 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Jingxi 

County: Ludong Town: Qilong stream in Pingjiang Village, 

Xijiang drainage; holotype: KIZ 2008008640; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

7.1.9 Balitora longibarbata (Chen, in Zheng, Chen & 

Huang, 1982) 

Sinohomaloptera longibarbatus Chen, in Zheng, Chen & 

Huang, 1982: 394, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: 

Yilian County: Nanpang-jiang drainage; 24°50'N 

103°10'E; syntypes: KIZ 774170–173, 175–179, 181 

[10]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

7.1.10 Balitora meridionalis Kottelat, 1988 

Balitora meridionalis Kottelat, 1988b: 498, fig. 4 (type locality: 

Thailand: Chantaburi Prov: Kao Soi Dao, Chan River 

headwaters; holotype: NIFI uncat.; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

7.1.11 Balitora mysorensis Hora, 1941 

Balitora brucei var. mysorensis Hora, 1941b: 232 (type locality: 

India: Karnataka: Mysore: Sivasamudram, Cauvery 

drainage; holotype: ZSI F 13512/1, Bhoite et al., 2012: 

3039, figs. 3b, 4c; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

7.1.12 ? Balitora nantingensis Chen, Cui & Yang, 2005 

Balitora nantingensis Chen, Cui & Yang, 2005: 22, fig. 2 

(type locality: China: Yunnan: Lincang Prefecture: 

Yongde County: Daxueshan township: Mangjiu River 

(23°58'55"N 99°41'17"E), a tributary of Nanting River 

[Salween drainage]; holotype: KIZ 20026475; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Differences between B. nantingensis and 

B. burmanica (whose type locality is in the same drainage) 

seem slight, especially considering the variability observed 

in large series of B. burmanica from the middle Salween. 

The length of the caudal peduncle seems the less ambiguous 

character to distinguish the two species. 

7.2 Balitoropsis Smith, 1945 

Balitoropsis Smith, 1945: 278 (type species: Balitoropsis 

bartschi Smith, 1945: 279, by original designation). Gender 

feminine. 

Pseudohomaloptera Silas, 1953: 204 (type species: Homaloptera 

tatereganii Popta, 1905: 180, by original designation). 

Gender feminine.

7.1.3 Balitora burmanica, CMK 14679, 77.0 mm SL; Thailand: 


7.1.1 Balitora cf. annamitica, CMK 22912, 65.4 mm SL. 

7.2.1 Balitoropsis batek (Tan, 2009) 

Homaloptera batek Tan, 2009: 49, figs. 1–4 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Borneo: Central Kalimantan: Katingan basin, 

Mendawai sub-basin, Sungei Baha'e, km 64 logging road 

at buffer zone of Bukit Raya-Bukit Baka National Park, 

0°47.593'S 112°19.220'E; holotype: MZB 10990; noun 


7.2.2 Balitoropsis leonardi (Hora, 1941) 

Homaloptera leonardi Hora, 1941a: 61, pl. 5 figs. 5–6 (type 


[now Taman Negara National Park], Kuala Tahan; holotype: 

ZSI F 13213/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 118; noun 


Taxonomic notes. Tentatively placed in Balitoropsis. 

7.2.3 Balitoropsis ophiolepis (Bleeker, 1853) 

Homaloptera ophiolepis Bleeker, 1853a: 160 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Java: Bandong [Bandung]; lectotype: RMNH 

4986, designated by Alfred, 1961: 35; compound noun, 

indeclinable) 

7.2.4 Balitoropsis sexmaculata (Fowler, 1934) 

Homaloptera sexmaculata Fowler, 1934: 98, figs. 47–48 

(type locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai; holotype: ANSP 



46 

7.2.8 Balitoropsis yunnanensis, CMK 22214, 56.3 mm SL; Laos: 


7.2.8 Balitoropsis yunnanensis, CMK 22214, 56.3 mm SL. 

Homaloptera septemmaculata Fowler, 1934: 99, figs. 49– 

50 (type locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai; holotype: ANSP 

56402; simultaneous subjective synonym of Homaloptera 

sexmaculata Fowler, 1934: 98, first reviser [Hora, 1950: 

51] gave precedence to H. sexmaculata; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

7.2.5 Balitoropsis stephensoni (Hora, 1932) 

Homaloptera stephensoni Hora, 1932a: 281, pl. 11 fig. 1 

(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: 

Upper Mahakam River; holotype: RMNH 7633, Tan, 

2009: 61, fig. 8; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

? Homaloptera weberi Hora, 1932a: 284, pl. 11 fig. 2 (type 

locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Akar River; syntypes: 

BMNH 1895.7.2.81 [1], ZMA 100.990 [1], ZSI 

F 11292/1 [1], Nijssen et al., 1982: 29, Silas, 1953: 193, 

Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 119, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; 


7.2.6 Balitoropsis tatereganii (Popta, 1905) 

Homaloptera Tate Reganii Popta, 1905: 180 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Borneo: Bo River; holotype: RMNH 7632, 

Tan, 2009: 57, fig. 7; also in Popta, 1906: 182, pl. 10 

fig. 40; must be emended in tatereganii, Code art.

7.3.1 Bhavania australis, CMK 9312, 76.5 mm SL; India: Kerala: 

Chalakudy River. (Photograph by Tan Heok Hui). 

7.3.1 Bhavania australis, ZRC 34512, 82.0 mm SL. (Photograph 

by Tan Heok Hui). 



7.2.7 Balitoropsis vulgaris (Kottelat & Chu, 1988) 

Homaloptera vulgaris Kottelat & Chu, 1988b: 103, fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mong Han 

County, 21°50'N 101°E; holotype: KIZ 788229; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

7.2.8 Balitoropsis yunnanensis Chen, 1978 

Balitoropsis yunnanensis Chen, 1978: 334, figs. 1–2 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Lancang River [Mekong] in 

Yongping Xian [25°28'01"N 99°32'24"E]; holotype: IHB 

60VII012; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

7.2.9 Balitoropsis yuwonoi (Kottelat, 1998) 

Homaloptera yuwonoi Kottelat, 1998b: 267, fig. 1 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: vicinity 

of Danau Sentarum Wildlife Reserve: Sungai Hulu Leboyan 

at Keluwin; 1°08'51"N 112°15'32"E; holotype: 

MZB 5938; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 


7.2.10 Balitoropsis zollingeri (Bleeker, 1853) 

Homaloptera Javanica van Hasselt, 1823: 133, 1824: 377 

(nomen nudum, Kottelat, 1987b: 373) 


47 

7.4.1 Cryptotora thamicola, AMS I.25987-001, 28.4 mm SL, 

holotype; Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: Tham Susa cave. 

Homaloptera Zollingeri Bleeker, 1853a: 159 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta] and Bandong [Bandung]; 

syntypes: lost, Bleeker, 1860c: 89; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Homaloptera javanica Bleeker, 1860c: 89 (unnecessary replacement 

name for Homaloptera zollingeri Bleeker, 

1853a: 159; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Balitoropsis bartschi Smith, 1945: 279, fig. 56 (type locality: 

Thailand: Trang Province: waterfall stream on Kao 

Chong; holotype: USNM 107963; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Homaloptera nigra Alfred, 1969: 217, pl. 1 figs. 1–2 (type 


[now Taman Negara], Chegar Sireh, Tahan River; holotype: 

ZRC 2009; adjective, -er, -ra, -rum) 

7.3 Bhavania Hora, 1920 

Bhavania Hora, 1920: 202 (type species: Platycara australis 

Jerdon, 1849: 333, by subsequent designation by Silas, 

1953: 183). Gender feminine. 

7.3.1 Bhavania australis (Jerdon, 1849) 

Platycara Australis Jerdon, 1849: 333 (type locality: India: 

Nilgiris: "the small mountain stream that passes close by 

the bungalow in the Walliar jungle"; holotype: LU; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

Bhavania annandalei Hora, 1920: 203, pl. 10 fig. 1 (type 

locality: India: Travancore: Tenmalai; holotype: ZSI 

F 2554/1; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

7.4 Cryptotora Kottelat, 1998 

Cryptotora Kottelat, 1998b: 270 (type species: Homaloptera 

thamicola Kottelat, 1988c: 288, by original designation). 


7.4.1 Cryptotora thamicola (Kottelat, 1988) 

Homaloptera thamicola Kottelat, 1988c: 228, fig. 4 (type 

locality: Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: Tham Susa; 

19°28'N 98°08'E; holotype: AMS I.25987-001; noun in 


Nomenclatural notes. Words ending in -cola and meaning 

'inhabitant of' are nouns and indeclinable.

7.5 Hemimyzon Regan, 1911 

Hemimyzon Regan, 1911: 32 (type species: Homaloptera 

formosana Boulenger, 1894b: 463, by original designation). 


Dienbienia Nguyen & Nguyen, 2002: 9 (type species: Dienbienia 

namnuaensis Nguyen & Nguyen, 2002: 10, by 


7.5.1 Hemimyzon confluens Kottelat, 2000 

Hemimyzon confluens Kottelat, 2000: 51, fig. 20 (type locality: 

Laos: Xiangkhouang Province: Nam Ngum, rapids 

downstream of Ban Latbouak; 19°36'28"N 103°14'23"E; 

holotype: ZRC 45317; participle, indeclinable, proposed 

as a noun in apposition) 

7.5.2 Hemimyzon ecdyonuroides Freyhof & Herder, 2002 

Hemimyzon ecdyonuroides Freyhof & Herder, 2002a: 54, 

figs. 1–2 (type locality: Vietnam [Mekong drainage, Sesan 

system]: Kontum Province: Pako River about 50 km 

north of Kontum; 14°39.60'N 107°46.98'E; holotype: 

ZFMK 22136; adjective, indeclinable) 

7.5.3 Hemimyzon elongatus (Chen & Li, in Li & Chen, 1985) 

Balitora elongata Chen & Li, in Li & Chen, 1985: 169, fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Yunnan: Yangbi River; holotype: 

KIZ 839072; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

7.5.4 Hemimyzon formosanus (Boulenger, 1984) 

Homaloptera formosana Boulenger, 1894b: 463 (type locality: 

Central Taiwan; holotype: BMNH 1894.11.14.11, 

Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Homaloptera taiwanica Kishinouye, 1905: 177 (type locality: 

Taiwan; types: LU; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

7.5.5 Hemimyzon khonensis Kottelat, 2000 

Hemimyzon khonensis Kottelat, 2000: 52, fig. 21 (type locality: 

Laos: Champasak Province: Mekong mainstream at 

Ban Hang Khone, below Khone Falls; holotype: ZRC 


7.5.6 Hemimyzon macropterus Zheng, in Zheng & 

Huang, 1982 

Hemimyzon macroptera Zheng, in Zheng, Chen & Huang, 

1982: 398, fig. 5 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Yiliang 

Xian [approx. 25°N 103°E]; syntypes: KIZ 773437 [1], 

IHB [773435–436 [2], DBJU 773434, 438 [2]; compound 


7.5.7 Hemimyzon megalopseos Li & Chen, 1985 

Hemimyzon megalopseos Li & Chen, 1985: 170, fig. 2 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Yiliang; holotype: KIZ 774193; 


7.5.8 Hemimyzon nanensis Doi & Kottelat, 1998 

Hemimyzon nanensis Doi & Kottelat, 1998: 8, fig. 1 (type 

locality: Thailand: Nan Province: Mae Nam Wa at Ban 

Nam Wa, Mae Nam Nan system, Chao Phraya drainage; 

holotype: NSMT P 36130; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 


48 

7.5.9 Hemimyzon nujiangensis (Zhang & Zheng, in Zheng 

& Zhang, 1983) 

Balitora nujiangensis Zhang & Zheng, in Zheng & Zhang, 

1983: 66, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Nujiang 

[Salween River]: Liu-ku; holotype: IHB 81X4327; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

7.5.10 Hemimyzon papilio Kottelat, 1998 

Hemimyzon papilio Kottelat, 1998a: 61, fig. 96 (type locality: 

Laos: Khammouan Province: Nam Theun, waterfall 

at 18°01'40"N 104°58'54"E; holotype: ZRC 41788; noun 


7.5.11 Hemimyzon pengi (Huang, in Zheng, Chen & 

Huang, 1982) 

Balitora pengi Huang, in Zheng, Chen & Huang, 1982: 395, 

fig. 2 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: 

Menghai County; syntypes: KIZ 73046–53 [8]; noun in 


Dienbienia namnuaensis Nguyen & Nguyen, 2002: 10, fig. 1 

(type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Dien Bien 

district: Nam Nua at Noongluong; holotype: NCNTTSI 

H.04.10.01.01; also spelt nammuaensis p. 14, an obvious 

inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spelling 

[Code art. 32.5.1]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

7.5.12 Hemimyzon pumilicorpora Zheng & Zhang, 1987 

Hemimyzon pumilicorpora Zheng & Zhang, 1987: 81, fig. 

(type locality: China: Guizhou: Anshun Prefecture: Huagguoshu 

[falls at 25°59'31"N 105°39'58"E; on Beihe River, 

Zhujiang drainage]; syntypes: IHB 83IV0046, 48, 54 

[3], DBJU 83IV0050–52 [3]; treated as a noun in apposition, 

indeclinable [correct spelling should have been 

pumilicorpus]) 

7.5.13 Hemimyzon sheni Chen & Fang, 2009 

Hemimyzon sheni Chen & Fang, 2009: 186, fig. 2 (type locality: 

Taiwan: Taitung County: small tributary (3 km south 

to Yi-Ting mountain) in upper reaches of Tar-Ju River, 

Tar-Ren village; holotype: NTOU P-2007-07-077; noun 


7.5.14 Hemimyzon taitungensis Tzeng & Shen, 1982 

Hemimyzon taitungensis Tzeng & Shen, 1982: 166, figs. 5– 

6 (type locality: Taiwan: Taitung County: Haiduan Township 

[23°06"N 121°11"E]: Shinwu-leu River, Lee-daou; 

holotype: NTUM 04941; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

7.5.15 Hemimyzon tchangi (Zheng, in Zheng, Chen & 

Huang, 1982) 

Balitora tchangi Zheng, in Zheng, Chen & Huang, 1982: 

396, fig. 3 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: 

Jinghong Xian; holotype: IHB 78III0432; noun in 


7.5.16 Hemimyzon yaotanensis (Fang, 1931) 

? Gobius Tsin-ting-yu Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 179, pl. 37 

fig. 9 (name not available, not binominal; locality: China: 

Sichuan: Leang-chan-hien) 

Sinohomaloptera yaotanensis Fang, 1931a: 137, fig. 1 (type

7.5.1 Hemimyzon confluens, CMK 22714, 52.0 mm SL; Laos: 

Mekong drainage: Nam Ngum. 

7.5.1 Hemimyzon confluens, CMK 22714, 52.0 mm SL. 

locality: China: Sichuan: Yao-tan, Wa-chang, Luchow; 

holotype: MMNHN 1888; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Sinohomaloptera yaotanensis acuticauda Fang, 1931a: 143, 

fig. 5 (type locality: China: Sichuan: Yao-tan, Wa-chang, 

Luchow; holotype: MMNHN 2249; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Authors have considered Gobius tsin-tingyu 

as the fish later described as Psilorhynchus sinensis [now 

Jinshaia sinensis]. This seems unlikely as Dabry de Thiersant's 

figure does not show the typical body shape, the long 

caudal peduncle, the deeply forked caudal fin with longer 

lower lobe, and the large pectoral fins. Among the fishes 

now reported from Sichuan (Ding, 1994) it shows the greatest 

similarity to H. yaotanensis. 

7.6 Homaloptera van Hasselt, 1823 

Homaloptera van Hasselt, 1823: 133 (type species: Homaloptera 

ocellata van der Hoeven, 1830: 211, by subsequent 

monotypy in van der Hoeven, 1830: 211; also spelt 

Homalophra p. 132, first reviser [Kottelat, 1987b: 373] 

gave precedence to Homaloptera). Gender feminine. 

Helgia Vinciguerra, 1890: 328 (type species: Helgia bilineata 

Blyth, 1860: 172, by subsequent designation by 

Jordan, 1920: 448). Gender feminine. 


49 

7.6.7 Homaloptera orthogoniata, CMK 21835, 56.0 mm SL; Indonesia: 

Borneo: Mahakam drainage. 

7.6.5 Homaloptera ocellata, ZRC 43899, 67.3mm SL. (Photograph 


7.6.1 Homaloptera bilineata Blyth, 1860 

Homoloptera [sic] bilineata Blyth, 1860: 172 (type locality: 

Burma: Tenasserim provinces; syntypes: ? ZSI, ? AMS 

[? possibly the syntypes of Nemacheilus serpentarius 

Day, 1870a: 551]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Nemacheilus serpentarius Day, 1870a: 551 (type locality: 

unknown [Burma]; syntypes [3]: ZSI A.955 [2, lost], 

? AMS [lost ?], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 157, Ferraris 

et al., 2000: 301; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

7.6.2 Homaloptera confuzona Kottelat, 2000 

Homaloptera confuzona Kottelat, 2000: 53, fig. 22 (type 

locality: Thailand: Trat Province: Khlong Fit at Ban 

Kraduk Chang, road 3157 from Trat to Borai, about 

2–3 km after junction with road 3271; 12°28'N 102°38'E; 

holotype: ZRC 45319; compound noun, indeclinable) 

7.6.3 'Homaloptera' menoni Shaji & Easa, 1995 

Homaloptera menoni Shaji & Easa, 1995: 395, fig. 1 (type 

locality: India: Kerala: Palghat District: Muthikulam 

Forest, Indekkuthodu in Siruvani, a tributary of Bhavani; 

holotype: KFRI 85; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

7.6.4 'Homaloptera' montana Herre, 1945 

Homaloptera montana Herre, 1945: 400 (type locality: India: 

Tamil Nadu: brook on Puthutotam Estate in Anamallai 

Hills at about 3600 ft., Valparai Post Office; holotype: 

CAS-SU 39871, Böhlke, 1953: 40; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um)

7.7.4 Homalopteroides smithi, CMK 22142, 36.1 mm SL; Thailand: 

Phangnga. 

7.7.4 Homalopteroides smithi, CMK 22142, 35.3 mm SL. 

7.6.5 Homaloptera ocellata van der Hoeven, 1830 

Homaloptera ocellata van den Hoeven, 1830: 211, 1833: 

pl. 12 fig. 13 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holotype: 

RMNH 2723, Roberts, 1993: 24; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Balitora erythrorhina Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846: 93, pl. 524 (type locality: Java: Buitenzorg 

[Bogor]; syntypes: MNHN 3121 [3], Bertin & Estève, 

1948: 100; compound adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Balitora pavonina Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846: 97 (type locality: Java [probably from vicinity of 

Bogor]; holotype: MNHN 3123, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 


Homaloptera salusur Bleeker, 1853a: 161 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta] and Tjampea [Ciampea]; 

lectotype: RMNH 5075, designated by Alfred, 1961: 


Homaloptera polylepis Bleeker, 1853a: 162 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Java: Buitenzorg [Bogor] and Tjipannas 

[Cipanas]; syntypes [2]: among RMNH 7049 [13], Alfred, 

1961: 35; compound noun, indeclinable) 

7.6.6 Homaloptera ogilviei Alfred, 1967 

Homaloptera ogilviei Alfred, 1967: 587, fig. 1 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Negri Sembilan: Jelai River at 14 th mile 

along road from Tampin to Kuala Pilah; holotype: ZRC 


7.6.7 Homaloptera orthogoniata Vaillant, 1902 

Homaloptera orthogoniata Vaillant, 1902: 122, figs. 33–35 


50 


Bloeoe River [Bluu, 0°42'N 114°24'E]; lectotype: RMNH 

7790A, designated by Tan & Ng, 2005a: 1 [abstract]; 


7.6.8 Homaloptera parclitella Tan & Ng, 2005 

Homaloptera parclitella Tan & Ng, 2005a: 7, figs. 5–6 (type 

locality: Malaysia: Terengganu basin: Sekayu waterfalls, 

rock pools about 5 minutes walk upstream of chalets [chalets: 

04°57.80'N 102°57.21'E]; holotype: ZRC 49257; 


7.6.9 'Homaloptera' pillaii Indra & Remadevi, 1981 

Homaloptera pillaii Indra & Remadevi, 1981: 67, pl. 2 fig. 1 

(type locality: India: Kerala: Silent Valley: Kunthi River; 

ZSI/SRS 462, Menon, 1987: 228; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

7.6.10 'Homaloptera' santhamparaiensis Arunachalam, 

Johnson & Rema Devi, 2002 

Homaloptera santhamparaiensis Arunachalam, Johnson & 

Rema Devi, 2002: 32, figs. 1–2 (type locality: India: 

Kerala: Idukki District; Panniyar stream, a tributary of 

Periyar River, above Ponmudi Reservoir at Santhampari 

Hills (4 km from Pooparai Village), 9°82'N [sic] 77°15'E; 

holotype: ZSI/SRS F.5322; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

7.6.11 'Homaloptera' silasi Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011 

Homaloptera silasi Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011: 224, 

fig. 1 (type locality: India: Kerala: Periyar Tiger Reserve: 

Kattamadithode, a small stream tributary of Periyar River, 

at Chokkanpetty; holotype: ZSI/WGR CLT/V/F13118; 


7.7 Homalopteroides Fowler, 1905 

Homalopteroides Fowler, 1905a: 476 (type species: Homaloptera 

wassinkii Bleeker, 1853a: 163, by original designation). 


Chopraia Prashad & Mukerji, 1929: 188 (type species: Chopraia 

rupicola Prashad & Mukerji, 1929: 188, by original 


7.7.1 Homalopteroides modestus (Vinciguerra, 1890) 

Helgia modesta Vinciguerra, 1890: 330, pl. 11 fig. 12 (type 

locality: Burma: Meekalan, Salween drainage; lectotype: 

MCSNG 15173-A, designated by Tortonese, 1961: 188; 


7.7.2 Homalopteroides nebulosus (Alfred, 1969) 

Homaloptera nebulosa Alfred, 1969a: 227, pl. 1 figs. 3–4 

(type locality: Malaysia: Kelantan: Sok River, Kampong 

Sok; holotype: ZRC 2020; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

7.7.3 Homalopteroides rupicola (Prashad & Mukerji, 1929) 

Chopraia rupicola Prashad & Mukerji, 1929: 188, pl. 8 fig. 3 

(type locality: Burma: Myitkyina District: small streams 

around Kamaing; holotype: ZSI F 10879/1, Menon & 

Yazdani, 1968: 118; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

? Homaloptera manipurensis Arunkumar, 1999: 176, fig. 1

(type locality: India: Manipur: Chindwin drainage, 

Lokchao River near Moreh, 110 km from Imphal City; 

holotype: MUMF 3333/1A; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 


'inhabitant of' are nouns and indeclinable. 

7.7.4 Homalopteroides smithi (Hora, 1932) 

Homaloptera smithi Hora, 1932a: 286, pl. 11 fig. 3 (type 

locality: Thailand: Nakon Sritamarat Province: Tadi 

Stream and Klong Pong at Ban Kiriwong; syntypes: 

KUMF 165 [3], USNM 107941 [1], 109821 [5], 

119459 [1], ZSI F 11293–11294/1 [4], 11295/1 [2], Menon 

& Yazdani, 1968: 118, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; 


? Homaloptera maxinae Fowler, 1937: 152, figs. 52–53 (type 

locality: Thailand: Tachin [Tha Chin, Samut Sakhon; 

13°32'22"N 100°15'20"E]; holotype: ANSP 68004; noun 


Homaloptera lineata Smith, 1945: 277, fig. 55 (type locality: 

Thailand: Mekong at Chiangsen Kao; holotype: 

USNM 199488; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

? Homaloptera indochinensis Silas, 1953: 192, fig. 2 (type 

locality: "Indo-China (? Tonkin)" [Vietnam: Kontum; see 

below]; holotype: BMNH 1933.8.19.50; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Homaloptera indochinensis is based on 

a single specimen without precise locality. From Silas's description, 

it appears to fall within the variation of H. smithi, 

a very common species in the Mekong drainage. From information 

by E. Trewavas to S. L. Hora (in Silas, 1951: 11), 

the specimen had no locality label but Delacour & Lowe 

had collected in "Pekh, N. Tonkin [northern Vietnam; ? Pakha]; 

Xien Khonang or Chin chuang, Laos [Xieng Khouang] 

and Kontum and Dak-to in Annam [Vietnam: Kontum and 

Dak To]". This material is registered as BMNH 1933.8.19.1– 

100. In fact this material had already been catalogued earlier 

as BMNH 1933.8.4.1–100. In this earlier list this specimen 

appears as H. wassinki, BMNH 1933.8.4.51, and the 

locality is listed as Kontum. 

Delacour conducted six expeditions to Laos, Cambodia 

and Vietnam between 1923 and 1939; Lowe accompanied 

him in five of these. There is no mention of fishes in the 

surviving Delacour notebooks (A. Hennache, pers. comm.), 

most of which disappeared in 1939. Hennache & Dickinson 

(2000) provided details of Delacour's expeditions, and from 

them it appears that Delacour and Lowe collected only once 

in Xieng Khouang, Kontum and Dakto before 1936. They 

collected at these localities during the second expedition in 

1925–1926 (see also Delacour et al., 1927). Additional fish 

material collected by Delacour and Lowe is in MNHN but 

were collected during the third (1926–1927) and fourth 

(1927–1929) expeditions, except for the types of Oreoglanis 

delacouri (MNHN 1936.31; see Ng & Kottelat, 1999: 

379), which must have come from the second expedition. 

No species of Homaloptera is known from the coastal 

streams on the eastern slope of the Annam Range and in the 

Red River drainage and this seems to eliminate Tonkin from 

the list of potential localities. Hennache & Dickinson (2000) 

mentioned two localities at which Delacour collected while 

in Xieng Khouang: Muongsoui [Muang Sui, nowaday Phu 


51 

Kut, about 19°40'N 103°E in Nam Ngum drainage, a Mekong 

tributary] and Phu Ké, which is not on my maps, apparently 

Phu Keng, a hill about 18 km west-northwest of Phonsavan 

and also in Nam Ngum drainage. I conducted surveys in 

Xieng Khouang and the upper Nam Ngum in 1999 and 2012 

and have not seen H. smithi or any H. indochinensis-like 

fish. I also have not observed this species in northern Laos 

in surveys conducted in 1997, 1999 and 2007. 

Hennache & Dickinson (2000) did not provide details 

on the Kontum and Dakto localities. Both places are in the 

Sesan drainage, a tributary of the Mekong. The Sesan joins 

the Xe Kong shortly before entering the Mekong in Cambodia. 

Homaloptera smithi is a common species in the Xe Kong 

(pers. obs.). This makes Kontum or Dakto a likely type locality. 

7.7.5 Homalopteroides tweediei (Herre, 1940) 

Homaloptera tweediei Herre, 1940: 7, pl. 1 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Johore: Mawai District, shallow rapid creek, 

about 40 miles north of Singapore; holotype: CAS-SU 

33102, Böhlke, 1953: 40; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

7.7.6 Homalopteroides wassinkii (Bleeker, 1853) 

Homaloptera fasciata van Hasselt, 1823: 133, 1824: 377 

(nomen nudum; Kottelat, 1987b: 373) 

Balitora ocellata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846: 96 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Buitenzorg 

[Bogor]; syntypes: MNHN 3122 [1] and specimen illustrated 

by Kuhl and van Hasselt [reproduced in Roberts, 

1993: fig. 27]; secondary junior homonym of Homaloptera 

ocellata van der Hoeven, 1830: 211 when placed 

in Homaloptera by Bleeker, 1860c: 95; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

Homaloptera Wassinkii Bleeker, 1853a: 163 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Java: Tjampea [Ciampea] and Buitenzorg 

[Bogor]; lectotype: RMNH 4987, designated by Alfred, 


Homaloptera valenciennesi Bleeker, 1860c: 95 (replacement 

name for Homaloptera ocellata Valenciennes, in Cuvier 

& Valenciennes, 1846: 96; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Homaloptera fasciata Bleeker, 1860c: 96 (unnecessary replacement 

name for H. wassinkii Bleeker, 1853a: 163; 


Nomenclatural notes. Roberts (1993: 25) considered specimen 

MNHN 3122 as the holotype of Balitora ocellata. Valenciennes 

based his description on a single specimen and 

on the drawing sent by Kuhl and van Hasselt, as is obvious 

from the mention of the colour in life (p. 97) and explicit in 

the comment at the end of the description of B. pavonina (p. 

99). Unless it can be demonstrated that the specimen examined 

by Valenciennes is the same as figured by Kuhl and van 

Hasselt, there is no holotype but a series of syntypes. 

7.8 Homalopterula Fowler, 1940 

Homalopterula Fowler, 1940: 379 (type species: Homalopterula 

ripleyi Fowler, 1940: 379, by original designation). 

Gender feminine.

7.8.5 Homalopterula ripleyi, ZRC uncat., 42.9 mm SL; Indonesia: 

Sumatra: Aceh: Alas drainage. (Photograph by Tan Heok Hui). 

7.8.5 Homalopterula ripleyi, ZRC uncat., 42.9 mm SL. (Photograph 


7.8.1 Homalopterula amphisquamata (Weber & de Beaufort, 

1916) 

Homaloptera amphisquamata Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 

12 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Sumatera Utara: 

Lau Borus [stream], discharging river of Lake Kawar, 

Karo Tableland Deli; syntypes [58]: ZMA 100.998 [1], 

100.994 [54], Nijssen et al., 1993: 214 [Weber & de 

Beaufort stated "type of the species in" ZMA; this is not 

a holotype designation as Code art. 73.1.1 requires that 

the authors state "that one specimen […] is the type"; the 

authors stated where the type is but not which of their 

specimens is the type, so this is not a holotype designation; 

therefore, all specimens are syntypes]; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Taxonomic notes. Tentatively placed in Homalopterula. 

7.8.2 Homalopterula gymnogaster (Bleeker, 1853) 

Homaloptera gymnogaster Bleeker, 1853a: 163 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Sumatra: Lake Meninju [Maninjau]; holotype: 

BMNH 1866.5.2.49, Alfred, 1961: 35; compound 



52 

Homaloptera lepidogaster Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 14 

(type locality: Sumatra: Sumatera Barat: Padang Highlands: 

Matur; syntypes: ZMA 100.256 [3], Nijssen et al., 

1982: 29 [Weber & de Beaufort stated "type of the species 

in" ZMA; this is not a holotype designation as Code 

art. 73.1.1 requires that the authors state "that one specimen 

[…] is the type"; the authors stated where the type 

is, but not which of their specimens is the type, so this is 

not a holotype designation; in addition no specimen has 

been separated and can now be recognised as the holotype; 

therefore, all specimens are syntypes]; compound 



7.8.3 Homalopterula heterolepis (Weber & de Beaufort, 

1916) 

Homaloptera heterolepis Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 12 

(type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh: Lake Tawar; 

syntypes [5]: ZMA 100.999 [3], ? AMNH 9263 [1], ? ZSI 

F 11035/1 [2], Nijssen et al., 1993: 214, Hora, 1950: 47, 

Silas, 1953: 198 [Weber & de Beaufort stated "type of 

the species in" ZMA; this is not a holotype designation 

as Code art. 73.1.1 requires that the authors state "that 

one specimen […] is the type"; the authors stated where 

the type is but not which of their specimens is the type, 

so this is not a holotype designation; in addition no specimen 

has been separated and can now be recognised as 

the holotype; therefore, all specimens are syntypes]; compound 



7.8.4 Homalopterula modiglianii (Perugia, 1893) 

Homaloptera Modiglianii Perugia, 1893a: 245 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Sumatra: Si Rambé; syntypes: MCSNG 

9249 [5], BMNH 1931.10.29.1–2 [2], ZSI F 11296/1 [1], 

Tortonese, 1961: 189, Silas, 1953: 196, Eschmeyer & 

Fricke, 2010; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 


7.8.5 Homalopterula ripleyi Fowler, 1940 

Homalopterula ripleyi Fowler, 1940: 379, figs. 5–7 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh: Goempang River at 

Meloewak, 1640 feet; holotype: ANSP 68713, Ott, 2010: 

74, fig. 1; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

7.8.6 Homalopterula vanderbilti (Fowler, 1940) 

Homaloptera vanderbilti Fowler, 1940: 375, figs. 1–2 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh: Blangnanga in Tripa 

River, 3600 feet; holotype: ANSP 68688; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Homaloptera ulmeri Fowler, 1940: 377, figs. 3–4 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh: Goempang River at Meloewak, 

1640 feet; holotype: ANSP 68700; simultaneous 

subjective synonym of Homaloptera vanderbilti Fowler, 

1940: 375, first reviser [Kottelat et al., 1993: 54] gave 

precedence to H. vanderbilti; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Tentatively placed in Homalopterula.

7.9.3 Jinshaia sinensis, CMK 13067, 85.6 mm SL; China: Sichuan: 

Yangtze drainage: Yalong. 

7.9.3 Jinshaia sihnensis, CMK 13067, 85.6 mm SL. 

7.9 Jinshaia Kottelat & Chu, 1988 

Jinshaia Kottelat & Chu, 1988c: 191 (type species: Psilorhynchus 

sinensis Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874: 

14, by original designation). Gender feminine. 

7.9.1 Jinshaia abbreviata (Günther, 1892) 

Homaloptera abbreviata Günther, 1892: 248, pl. 3 fig. B 

(type locality: China: Sichuan: a mountain stream running 

into Min River; holotype: BMNH 1891.6.13.40, 

Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

7.9.2 ? Jinshaia niulanjiangensis Li, Mao & Lu, in Li, 

Mao, Lu, Sun & Lu, 1998 

Jinshaia niulanjiangensis Li, Mao & Lu, in Li, Mao, Lu, 

Sun & Lu, 1998: 1, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: 

Zhanyi County: Niulan Jiang, tributary of Jinsha Jiang 

[Yangtze], at Deze Xiang [25°59'N 103°36'E]; holotype: 

HRAS or FACQR 9207001; also spelt niulanjingensis 

p. 3, an obvious inadvertent error, thus incorrect original 

spelling [Code art. 32.5.1]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

7.9.3 Jinshaia sinensis (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 

1874) 

Psilorhynchus sinensis Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874: 


53 

7.10.2 Lepturichthys fimbriatus, CMK 13068, 104.2 mm SL; 

China: Sichuan: Yangtze drainage: Yalong. 

7.10.2 Lepturichthys fimbriatus, CMK 13068, 104.2 mm SL. 

14 (type locality: China: Sichuan: Teang-chan-hien; holotype: 

MNHN 7892, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 101; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

7.10 Lepturichthys Regan, 1911 

Lepturichthys Regan, 1911: 31 (type species: Homaloptera 

fimbriata Günther, 1888: 433, by original designation). 


7.10.1 Lepturichthys dolichopterus Dai, 1985 

Lepturichthys dolichopterus Dai, 1985: 221, figs. 1–2 (type 

locality: China: Fujian: Nanping [26°35'N 118°15'E], 

upper Min River; holotype: ASIZB 770428; compound 


7.10.2 Lepturichthys fimbriatus (Günther, 1888) 

Homaloptera fimbriata Günther, 1888: 433 (type locality: 

China: Yangtsze-Kiang at Ichang [Hubei: Yangtze at 

Ychang, 30°43'N 111°17'N]; holotype: BMNH 

1888.5.15.40, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; also in 

Günther, 1892: 248, pl. 3 fig. A; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Lepturichthys güntheri Hora, 1932a: 295, pl. 10 fig. 7 (type 

locality: China: Sichuan: mountain streams running into 

Min River; syntypes: BMNH 1891.6.13.41 [2]; spelling 

must be corrected as guentheri, Code art. 32.5.2.1; noun 


Lepturichthys nicholsi Hora, 1932a: 297, pl. 10 fig. 8, pl. 12 

fig. 3 (type locality: China: Hunan: Tungting Lake; holotype: 

ZSI 11098/1; noun in genitive, indeclinable)

7.11.3 Metahomaloptera omeiensis, KIZ 795676, 54.0 mm SL; 

China: Sichuan: Yahan. 

7.11.3 Metahomaloptera omeiensis, KIZ 795676, 54.0 mm SL. 

7.11 Metahomaloptera Chang, 1944 

Metahomaloptera Chang, 1944: 54 (type species: Metahomaloptera 

omeiensis Chang, 1944: 54, by monotypy). 


7.11.1 Metahomaloptera hangshuiensis Xie, Yang & 

Gong, 1984 

Metalohomaloptera [sic] omeiensis hangshuiensis Xie, Yang 

& Gong, 1984: 63, figs. 3–4 (type locality: China: Hubei: 

Yangriwan River [upper Hanjiang River], Mount Shengnongjia; 

syntypes: HACW 817022–33, 824268–285, 

825058–62 [35]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

7.11.2 Metahomaloptera longicauda Yang, Chen & Yang, 

2007 

Metahomaloptera longicauda Yang, Chen & Yang, 2007: 

64, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Zhanyi County: 

Yangtze drainage, Deze town, Chuanhedong village, 

25°54'09.4"N 103°34'49.5"E; holotype: KIZ 20060304; 


7.11.3 Metahomaloptera omeiensis Chang, 1944 

Metahomaloptera omeiensis Chang, 1944: 54 (type locality: 

China: Sichuan: Loshan and Omei; syntypes: [LU] 

1701, 1702, 2552–2556, 2558, 2560, 2561 [10]; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 


54 

7.12.1 Neohomaloptera johorensis, ZRC uncat., 21.3 mm SL; Indonesia: 

Borneo: Kahayan drainage. (Photograph by Tan Heok Hui). 

7.12 Neohomaloptera Herre, 1944 

Neohomaloptera Herre, 1944: 50 (subgenus of Homaloptera 

van Hasselt, 1823: 133; type species: Homaloptera 

johorensis Herre, 1944: 51, by original designation). Gender 

feminine. 

7.12.1 Neohomaloptera johorensis (Herre, 1944) 

Homaloptera johorensis Herre, 1944: 51 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Johor: brook near Simpang Rengam; holotype: 

CAS-SU 39840, Böhlke, 1953: 40; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

7.13 Sinogastromyzon Fang, 1930 

Sinogastromyzon Fang, 1930a: 35 (type species: Sinogastromyzon 

wui Fang, 1930a: 36, by original designation). 


Taxonomic notes. The validitidy of the many names created 

in recent years in the Vietnamese literature cannot be evaluated. 

The descriptions are of little use and the quality of the 

illustrations of most species does not allow to guess their 

identity. As most species have very restricted ranges, it is 

expected that those from widely distant localities might in 

fact be valid, while the many species described from exactly 

the same locality may be found to represent single species. 

7.13.1 Sinogastromyzon chapaensis Mai, 1978 

Sinogastromyzon chapaensis Mai, 1978: 220, fig. 102 (type 

locality: Vietnam [Lao Cai Province: Sapa; Kottelat, 

2001a: 101]; syntypes: DVZUT; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

? Sinogastromyzon hexaocellum Nguyen, 2005: 612, fig. 39 

(type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Phong Tho 

district: Nam So stream at Muong So [Song Da drainage]; 

holotype: NCNTTSI; author indicated as "Hao & 

Duc", pp. 307, 612 fig. 39; treated as a noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

7.13.2 ? Sinogastromyzon daon Nguyen, 2005 

Sinogastromyzon daon Nguyen, 2005: 605, fig. 35 (type

locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Phong Tho district: 

Nam So stream [Song Da drainage]; holotype: 

NCNTTSI; author indicated as "Hao & Duc", pp. 306, 

605 fig. 35; treated as noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Liu et al. (2010: 35) considered this species 

as valid (in their key) but without discussion and without 

access to material. 

7.13.3 Sinogastromyzon dezeensis Li, Mao & Lu, in Li, 

Sun, Lu & Mao, 1999 

Sinogastromyzon dezeensis Li, Mao & Lu, in Li, Sun, Lu & 

Mao, 1999: 45, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: 

Qujing prefecture: Zhanyi County: Niulan Jiang River at 

Deze Xiang [Deze village; 25°59'N 103°36'E] [Yangtze 

drainage]; holotype: HRAS or FACQR 9204011; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

7.13.4 ? Sinogastromyzon hagiangensis Nguyen, 2005 

Sinogastromyzon hagiangensis Nguyen, 2005: 608, fig. 37 

(type locality: Vietnam: Ha Giang Province: Ha Giang town, 

Lo River; holotype: NCNTTSI; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 




7.13.5 Sinogastromyzon hsiashiensis Fang, 1931 

Sinogastromyzon hsiashiensis Fang, 1931b: 48, fig. 3 (type 

locality: China: Kweichow [Guizhou]: Hsia-shih, Ma-hahsien; 


7.13.6 ? Sinogastromyzon hypercorpus Nguyen, 2005 

Sinogastromyzon hypercorpus Nguyen, 2005: 603, fig. 34 


district: Muong So, Nam So stream [Song Da drainage]; 

holotype: NCNTTSI; also spelt hypercorfus p. 606, an 

obvious inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spelling 

[Code art. 32.5.1]; compound noun, indeclinable) 




7.13.7 Sinogastromyzon lixianjiangensis Liu, Chen & 

Yang, 2010 

Sinogastromyzon lixianjiangensis Liu, Chen & Yang, 2010: 

26, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Mojiang County: 

Sinanjiang River (tributary of Lixianjiang, tributary 

of Red River); 23°07'38.13"N 101°47'44.32"E; holotype: 

KIZ 200401799; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

7.13.8 Sinogastromyzon macrostoma Liu, Chen & Yang, 

2010 

Sinogastromyzon macrostoma Liu, Chen & Yang, 2010: 31 

(type locality: China: Yunnan: Mojiang County: Amojiang 

River, 23°02'47.44"N 101°46'49.48"E; holotype: KIZ 


7.13.9 ? Sinogastromyzon maon Nguyen & Nguyen, in 

Nguyen, 2005 

Sinogastromyzon maon Nguyen [V. H.] & Nguyen [H. D.], 

in Nguyen [V. H.], 2005: 607, fig. 36 (type locality: Viet- 


55 

7.13.15 Sinogastromyzon puliensis, CMK 17471, 69.4 mm SL; 

Taiwan: Wu drainage. 

7.13.15 Sinogastromyzon puliensis, CMK 17471, 69.4 mm SL. 

nam: Song La Province: Song Ma district: Ma River; 

holotype: NCNTTSI; treated as noun in apposition, indeclinable) 




7.13.10 ? Sinogastromyzon minutus Mai, 1978 

Sinogastromyzon minutum Mai, 1978: 222, fig. 104 (type 

locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Muong Muon, Nam 

Muc; syntypes: DVZUT; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 




7.13.11 Sinogastromyzon multiocellum Nguyen, 2005 

Sinogastromyzon multiocellum Nguyen, 2005: 614, fig. 40 


district: Nam So stream at Muong So [Song Da drainage]; 

holotype: NCNTTSI; author indicated as "Hao & 

Duc" pp. 307, 614 fig. 40; also spelt multiocelum p. 613, 

an obvious inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spelling 

[Code art. 32.5.1]; treated as a noun in apposition, 

indeclinable)

7.14.1 Travancoria elongata, ZRC 34507, 98.8 mm SL, holotype; 

India: Kerala: Chalakudy River. 

7.14.1 Travancoria elongata, ZRC 34508, 79.3 mm SL. (Photograph 


Taxonomic notes. Considered valid following Liu et al. 

(2010: 35). 

7.13.12 Sinogastromyzon namnaensis Nguyen, 2005 

Sinogastromyzon namnaensis Nguyen, 2005: 610, fig. 38 

(type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Lai Chau 

town, Nam Na River; holotype: NCNTTSI; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

7.13.13 Sinogastromyzon nanpanjiangensis Li, 1987 

Sinogastromyzon nanpanjiangensis Li, 1987: 101, fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Yunnan: Nanpanjiang River in Lunan 

County [24°42'N 103°10'E]; holotype: KIZ 753010; 


7.13.14 Sinogastromyzon nantaiensis Chen, Han & Fang, 

2002 

Sinogastromyzon nantaiensis Chen, Han & Fang, 2002: 240, 

fig. 1 (type locality: Taiwan: Pingtung County: Liukuei, 

Darjin, Kaoping River drainage, Laonon River; holotype: 

NMMB P 00465; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 


56 

7.13.15 Sinogastromyzon puliensis Liang, 1974 

Sinogastromyzon puliensis Liang, 1974: 153, fig. 13 (type 

locality: Taiwan: Ta-tu-chi, Puli; holotype: NTUM 50280; 


7.13.16 Sinogastromyzon rugocauda Mai, 1978 

Sinogastromyzon rugocauda Mai, 1978: 221, fig. 103 (type 

locality: Vietnam: Song La Province: Song Ma district: 

Nam Cong stream; syntypes: DVZUT; compound noun, 

indeclinable) 

7.13.17 Sinogastromyzon sichangensis Chang, 1944 

Sinogastromyzon sichangensis Chang, 1944: 53 (type locality: 

China: Sichuan: Anning River near Taihochang, 

Sichang; syntypes: [LU] 2086, 2094, 2095 [3]; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

7.13.18 Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis Fang, 1930 

Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis Fang, 1930b: 99, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Szechuan [Sichuan]; holotype: SSCN 


7.13.19 Sinogastromyzon tonkinensis Pellegrin & Chevey, 

1935 

Sinogastromyzon tonkinensis Pellegrin & Chevey, 1935: 232, 

fig. 1 (type locality: Vietnam: Tonkin: Lai-Chau; holotype: 

MNHN 1935.41; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

7.13.20 Sinogastromyzon wui Fang, 1930 

Sinogastromyzon wui Fang, 1930a: 36, pl. 2 figs. 8–9 (type 

locality: China: Guangxi: San-fang, Lo-ching-shien [Luocheng]; 

MMNHN 515; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Sinogastromyzon intermedius Fang, 1931b: 54, fig. 7 (type 

locality: China: southwestern Guangxi: Tungkwei, Lungchow; 

holotype: MMNHN 1543; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Sinogastromyzon sanhoensis Fang, 1931b: 56, fig. 9 (type 

locality: China: South Kweichow [Guizhou]: San-hoshien; 


7.14 Travancoria Hora, 1941 

Travancoria Hora, 1941b: 228 (type species: Travancoria 

jonesi Hora, 1941b: 230, by original designation). Gender 

feminine. 

7.14.1 Travancoria elongata Pethiyagoda & Kottelat, 1994 

Travancoria elongata Pethiyagoda & Kottelat, 1994: 104, 

figs. 11–12 (type locality: India: Kerala: Chalakudy River, 

26 km upstream of Chalakudy town, near Vetilapara; 

holotype: ZRC 34507; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

7.14.2 Travancoria jonesi Hora, 1941 

Travancoria jonesi Hora, 1941b: 230, pl. 8 figs. 5–6 (type 

locality: India: Travancore: streams within a radius of 5 

miles of Pampadampara, Peerumedu Taluq; holotype: ZSI 

F 13507/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 119; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable)

8 Gastromyzontidae Fowler, 1905 

Gastromyzoninae Fowler, 1905: 477 (type genus: Gastromyzon 

Günther, 1874: 454; correct stem is Gastromyzont– 

and correct spelling is Gastromyzontinae) 

Lepidoglanidae Jordan, 1923: 149 (type genus: Lepidoglanis 

Vaillant, 1890: 82; correct stem is Lepidoglanid– and 

correct spelling is Lepidoglanididae) 

Crossostominae Silas, 1953: 219 (type genus: Crossostoma 

Sauvage, 1878a: 88; invalid because of junior homonymy 

of type genus, Code art. 39; correct stem is Crossostomat– 

and correct spelling is Crossostomatinae) 

Glaniopsini Silas, 1953: 259 (type genus: Glaniopsis Boulenger, 

1899a: 228) 

Pseudogastromyzoni Silas, 1953: 299 (type genus Pseudogastromyzon 

Nichols, 1925e: 1; correct stem is Pseudogastromyzont– 

and correct spelling is Pseudogastromyzontini) 

Beaufortini Chen, 1980b: 207 (type genus: Beaufortia Hora, 

1932a: 318; correct stem is Beauforti– and the correct 

spelling is Beaufortiini) 

Parhomalopterini Chen, 1980b: 207 (type genus: Parhomaloptera 

Vaillant, 1902: 129) 

Taxonomic notes. Authors have recognised and named various 

subdivisions within Gastromyzontidae. For example, 

Silas (1953: 219) recognised two subfamilies: Gastromyzontinae 

and Crossostomatinae. Chen (1980b: 207) 

recognised four tribes ("groups"): Parhomalopterini, Crossostomatini, 

Beaufortiini and Gastromyzontini. Gastromyzontini 

(the genera from Borneo) probably corresponds 

to a monophyletic lineage. Crossostomatini and 

Beaufortiini too, possibly correspond to monophyletic lineages. 

Parhomalopterini, with one genus in Borneo and the 

remaining ones in mainland Southeast Asia, is apparently 

an heterogeneous assemblage. It seems premature to recognise 

subfamilies or other divisions within Gastromyzontidae. 

8.1 Annamia Hora, 1932 

Annamia Hora, 1932a: 306 (type species: Parhomaloptera 

normani Hora, 1930: 584, by original designation). Gender 

feminine. 


Annamia thuathienensis Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], 

in Nguyen [V. H.], 2005: 579, fig. 21 (type locality: Vietnam: 

Thua Thien Hue Province: Bo River [a small coastal 

drainage]; holotype: HNUE; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

8.1.1 Annamia normani (Hora, 1930) 

Parhomaloptera normani Hora, 1930: 584, pl. 15 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Annam: Kontum [14°23'N 107°59'E; Se- 


Family GASTROMYZONTIDAE 

57 

san drainage, Mekong basin]; holotype: BMNH 

1930.5.5.1, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

8.2 Beaufortia Hora, 1932 

Beaufortia Hora, 1932: 318 (type species: Gastromyzon leveretti 

Nichols & Pope, 1927: 340, by original designation). 










For some species, however, there is not even informative 

locality data. 

8.2.1 ? Beaufortia buas (Mai, 1978) 

Gastromyzon buas Mai, 1978: 215, fig. 99 (type locality: 

northern Vietnam [Bua River, Song La and Phu Tho provinces; 

Kottelat, 2001a: 98]; syntypes: DVZUT; treated 

as noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

8.2.2 Beaufortia cyclica Chen, 1980 

Beaufortia cyclica Chen, 1980a: 115, fig. 6 (type locality: 

China: Guangxi: West River in Longzhow Xian; holotype: 

IHB 75IV1417; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Beaufortia polliciformis Dai, in Zheng, 1981: 172, fig. 142 

(type locality: China: Guangxi: Longzhou County: Dong 

Gui River; holotype: ASIZB 751842; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Possibly a junior synonym of B. elongata. 

8.2.3 Beaufortia daon (Mai, 1978) 

Gastromyzon daon Mai, 1978: 216, fig. 100 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Phong Tho and Nam Na 

streams [Song Da drainage]; syntypes: DVZUT; treated 


8.2.4 Beaufortia elongata (Mai, 1978) 

Gastromyzon elongatus Mai, 1978: 213, fig. 98 (type locality: 

northern Vietnam; syntypes: DVZUT; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

Taxonomic notes. No usable locality information. Apparently 

close to or a senior synonym of B. cyclica, known from 

the Pearl River drainage in Guangxi, China. Nguyen (2005: 

284) identified as B. elongata material from the Song Con 

River in Thai Nguyen Province, in the Red River drainage. 

The identity of this species and its range remain to be determined.

8.1.1 Annamia normani, CMK 22291, 79.1 mm SL; Laos: Mekong 

drainage: Xe Kon g. 

8.1.1 Annamia normani, CMK 15802, 69.5 mm SL. 

8.2.5 Beaufortia huangguoshuensis Zheng & Zhang, 1987 

Beaufortia huangguoshuensis Zheng & Zhang, 1987: 80 

(type locality: China: Guizhou: Anshun prefecture: Shenning 

County: Dabang River, at upper part of Huagguoshu 

waterfall [25°59'31"N 105°39'58"E; on Baihe River], 

Zhujiang drainage; syntypes: IHB 83IV0049 [1], 

DBJU 83IV0053 [1]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Nomenclatural notes. The description of B. huangguoshuensis 

first appears in Zheng & Zhang (1987: 80) who 

refer to the then 'in press' original description in 'The fishes 

of the Pearl River'. This description actually appeared later 

(Zheng, 1989: 259, fig. 198). 

8.2.6 Beaufortia intermedia Tang & Wang, in Tang, Wang 

& Yu, 1997 

Beaufortia intermedia Tang & Wang, in Tang, Wang & Yu, 

1997: 19, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Guizhou: Sandu 

County; 107°74'N [sic] 25°58'E; holotype: IHB 87IV512; 


8.2.7 Beaufortia kweichowensis (Fang, 1931) 

Gastromyzon leveretti kweichowensis Fang, 1931b: 41, fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Kweichow [Guizhou]: San-ho 

Hsien; holotype: MMNHN 3539; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 


58 

8.2.3 Beaufortia daon, CMK 15354, 45.9 mm SL; Laos: Houaphan 

Province: Nam Ma drainage. 

8.2.3 Beaufortia daon, CMK 15354, 45.9 mm SL. 

Beaufortia kweichowensis gracilicauda Chen & Zheng, 

1980: 97, fig. 8 (type locality: China: Guangdong: East 

River in Xinfeng Xian and North River in Shaoguan Shi; 

syntypes: IHB 76IV5880, 5881, 6986, 6987, 7736 [5], 

DBJU 76IV7742–7747 [6]; compound noun, indeclinable) 

8.2.8 Beaufortia leveretti (Nichols & Pope, 1927) 

Gastromyzon leveretti Nichols & Pope, 1927: 340, fig. 12 

(type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype: AMNH 


8.2.9 Beaufortia liui Chang, 1944 

Beaufortia liui Chang, 1944: 55 (type locality: China: Sichuan: 

Loshan and Yaan; syntypes: [LU] 2247, 2446 [2]; 


8.2.10 ? Beaufortia loos (Mai, 1978) 

Gastromyzon loos Mai, 1978: 217, fig. 101 (type locality: 

Vietnam [Song Lo basin; Kottelat, 2001a: 99]; syntypes: 

DVZUT; treated as noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

8.2.11 Beaufortia niulanensis Chen, Huang & Yang, 2009 

Beaufortia niulanensis Chen, Huang & Yang, 2009: 639,

8.3.1 'Erromyzon' pachychilus, KIZ 200241775, 46.9 mm SL; 

China: Guangxi: Pearl River drainage: Dayaoshan Mountain. (Photograph 

by Yang Jian). 

8.3.1 'Erromyzon' pachychilus, ZRC 53444, about 20 mm SL. (Photograph 


figs. 1–2 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Zhanyi County: 

Deze town [25°59'N 103°36'E], middle Niulan Jiang 

River, Yangtze drainage, 26°01'N 103°37'E; holotype: 


8.2.12 Beaufortia pingi (Fang, 1930) 

Gastromyzon pingi Fang, 1930a: 31, pl. 1 figs. 3–5 (type 

locality: China: Guangxi: stream in Lin-yueng-shien; 

holotype: MMNHN 909; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

8.2.13 Beaufortia polylepis Chen, in Zheng, Chen & Huang, 

1982 

Beaufortia polylepis Chen, in Zheng, Chen & Huang, 1982: 

397, fig. 4 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Yiliang Xian 

[approx. 25°N 103°E]; syntypes: KIZ 774311, 315, 323, 

324, 326, 330, 338, 342, 343, 347 [10]; compound noun, 

indeclinable) 

8.2.14 Beaufortia szechuanensis (Fang, 1930) 

Gastromyzon szechuanensis Fang, 1930a: 36, fig. 7 (type 

locality: China: Sichuan: Omei-shien; holotype: SSCN 



59 

8.3.2 Erromyzon compactus, ZRC 49636, 31.8 mm SL, holotype; 

Vietnam: Quang Ninh Province: Ba Che River. 

8.3.2 Erromyzon compactus, ZRC 49636, 31.8 mm SL. 

8.2.15 ? Beaufortia yunnanensis (Li, Lu & Mao, in Li, 

Mao, Lu, Sun & Lu, 1988) 

Paraprotomyzon yunnanensis Li, Lu & Mao, in Li, Mao, 

Lu, Sun & Lu, 1998: 4, fig. 21 (type locality: China: Yunnan: 

Luoping County: Huangni He (tributary of Nanpanjiang) 

at Neigei Cun; 24°20'N 104°30'E; holotype: HRAS 

or FACQR 9204001; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

8.2.16 Beaufortia zebroida (Fang, 1930) 

Gastromyzon pingi zebroidus Fang, 1930a: 35, pl. 2 figs. 6–7 

(type locality: China: Guangxi: Tung-kwei [Donggui], 

Lung-chow [Longzhou] ["at the boundary between Kwangsi 

and Annam"; between Guangxi and northern Vietnam]; 

holotype: MMNHN 1544; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

? Beaufortia fasciolata Nguyen, 2005: 588, fig. 26 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Cao Bang Province: Bang Giang River at 

Cao Bang; holotype: NCNTTSI; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

? Beaufortia triocellata Nguyen, 2005: 590, fig. 27 (type 

locality: Vietnam: Cao Bang Province: Bang Giang River 

at Cao Bang; holotype: NCNTTSI; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

? Beaufortia multiocellata Nguyen, 2005: 592, fig. 28 (type 

locality: Vietnam: Cao Bang Province: Bang Giang Riv-

er at Cao Bang; holotype: NCNTTSI; also spelt multiocellatun 

p. 592, multicellata p. 690, obvious inadvertent 

errors, thus incorrect original spellings [Code art. 

32.5.1]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

8.3 Erromyzon Kottelat, 2004 

Erromyzon Kottelat, 2004c: 306 (type species: Protomyzon 

sinensis Chen, 1980a: 106, by original designation). 



8.3.1 'Erromyzon' pachychilus (Chen, 1980) 

Protomyzon pachychilus Chen, 1980a: 106, fig. 3 (type locality: 

China: Guangxi: a mountain stream of West River; 

syntypes: IHB 7–9, 12–14, 18 [7]; compound adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Taxonomic notes. Not congeneric with other species of 

Erromyzon (Yang Jian, pers. comm.). Six syntypes seen in 

IHB. The "lip lamina" of Chen (1980a) (see Kottelat, 2004c) 

is apparently a flattened lateral, roundish expansion of the 

lower lip immediately in front of the maxillary barbel. 

8.3.2 Erromyzon compactus Kottelat, 2004 

Erromyzon compactus Kottelat, 2004c: 307, fig. 8 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Quang Ninh Province: Ba Che district: Ba 

Che River 4 km upstream of Ba Che city; 21°16'34"N 107° 

14'54"E; holotype: ZRC 49636; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

8.3.3 Erromyzon sinensis (Chen, 1980) 

Protomyzon sinensis Chen, 1980a: 106, fig. 4 (type locality: 

China: Guangxi: West River in Lonsheng, Lipu and Jinxiu 

counties; syntypes [15]: IHB 75-IV-1801–1805, 2572– 

2574, 2579, 2581, 2804, 3217–3220 [15]; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

8.3.4 Erromyzon yangi Neely, Conway & Mayden, 2007 

Erromyzon yangi Neely, Conway & Mayden, 2007: 98, fig. 1 

(type locality: China Guangxi: Jinciu County: Xi Jiang, 

tributary of Zhu Jiang (Pearl River), near Meicun, 

24°03.508'N 110°06.611'E; holotype: KIZ 200304423; 


8.4 Formosania Oshima, 1919 

Crossostoma Sauvage, 1878a: 88 (type species: Crossostoma 

davidi Sauvage, 1878a: 89, by monotypy; junior homonym 

of Crossostoma Morris & Lycett, 1851: 72 in Gastropoda, 

Crossostoma Gosse, 1855: 310 in Polychaeta, 

and Crossostoma Agassiz, 1862: 154 in Medusae). Gender 

neuter. 

Formosania Oshima, 1919: 194 (type species: Formosania 

gilberti Oshima, 1919: 194, by original designation). 


8.4.1 Formosania chenyiyui (Zheng, 1991) 

Crossostoma chenyiyui Zheng, 1991: 79, fig. 1 (type locality: 

China: Fujian: Chang Xian; syntypes: IHB 74VI1260– 

65 [6]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 


60 

8.4.2 Formosania davidi (Sauvage, 1878) 

Crossostoma Davidi Sauvage, 1878a: 89 (type locality: China: 

western Fukien [Fujian] at 1200 masl [Fujian: Kuatun, 

27°51'N 117°48'E; see below]; syntypes: MNHN 

9817 [4], BMNH 1908.4.9.1 [1], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 

102, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Crossostoma fascicauda foochowensis Tchang, 1932b: 123, 

fig. 3 (type locality: China: Fukien [Fujian]: Foochow; 

holotype: ZMFIB 6480; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. The locality of the syntypes of C. davidi 

is given in original description as "western Fukien" and collected 

by David in 1874. David (1875: map) was only once 

in Fukien [now Fujian] and only in a very restricted area 

near the village of Koaten along the border with Jiangsi. 

David (1875: 261) explicitly mentioned collecting fish that 

obviously are balitorids. The locality data in the MNHN 

database indicates an altitude of 3000 masl (vs. 1200 in the 

original description). David (1875: 284, 285) reported that 

Koaten is at 1200 masl, on the southern slope of a hill whose 

altitude he estimated to be 2200 masl based on his barometer, 

and that mountains around did not appear to exceed 3000 

masl. Koaten is identified as Kuatun and has been visited 

later by several naturalists (e.g.: La Touche, 1892: 402 (map), 

Pope, 1929: 339, 343, pl. 19, 1932: 490, pl. 111, 1935: 10, 

496; see also Rickett et al., 1896: 489; Slater, 1897: 169; 

Thomas, 1898: 769; Boulenger, 1899b: 159). Fooden (1983: 

16) gives the coordinates as 27°51'N 117°48'E, which is 

possibly for the summit of "Kuatun Mountain" (Wuyi Shan, 

27°51'34"N 117°47'00"E, 2158 masl [which, incidentally, 

shows the accuracy of David's mensurations]). 

8.4.3 Formosania fascicauda (Nichols, 1926) 

Crossostoma fascicauda Nichols, 1926: 2, fig. 2 (type locality: 

China: Fukien [Fujian]: Fuching Hsien; holotype: 

AMNH 8475; compound noun, indeclinable) 

8.4.4 Formosania fasciolata (Wang, Fan & Chen, 2006) 

Crossostoma fasciolatus Wang, Fan & Chen, 2006: 902, figs. 

1–2 (type locality: China: Zhejiang: Tiashun County 

[Taishun, 27°33'54"N 119°43'00"E]: rivulet in Wuyanling 

Nature Reserve, Liguan stream, Feiyun River system; 

holotype: ZMNH 8380338; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

8.4.5 Formosania galericula (Zhang, in Zhang & Wang, 

2011) 

Crossostoma galericula Zhang, in Zhang & Wang, 2011: 85, 

fig. 1 (type locality: China: Zhejiang: Qingyuan County: 

Hehu township, Nanlu (mountain) stream (27°43'N 

19°16'E) in Baishanzu National Natural Protection Zone, 

in Oujiang drainage; holotype: Xiaoshan Institute of 

Technology of Zhejiang Ocean University, Xiaoshan 

ZH 070616; treated as a noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Nomenclatural notes. Although the paper is authored by 

Zhang & Wang and contains only the description of C. galericula, 

authorship of the new species is attributed to Zhang 

alone. Locality data are extracted from Chinese text and differ 

from English abstract. The etymology of galericula is 

not stated; the word exists in Latin and means wigs (plural),

it should have been in the singular (galericulum) or as an 

adjective (galericulatus, -a, -um). 

8.4.6 Formosania lacustris (Steindachner, 1908) 

Homaloptera formosanum Steindachner, 1908a: 86 (type 

locality: Taiwan: Lake Candidius; syntypes: NMW 47138 

[3], 48680 [3], 48682 [3], 48683 [3], 48690 [4]; junior 

primary homonym of Homaloptera formosana Boulenger, 

1894b: 463; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Crossostoma lacustre Steindachner, 1908b: 110 (replacement 

name for Homaloptera formosanum Steindachner, 1908a: 


Formosania gilberti Oshima, 1919: 194, pl. 49 (type locality: 

Taiwan: Tamusui River near Shinten; lectotype: 

FMNH 59085, designated by Eschmeyer, 1998: 647, Ibarra 

& Stewart, 1987: 36; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

8.4.7 Formosania paucisquama (Zheng, 1981) 

Crossostoma paucisquama Zheng, 1981: 57, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Guangdong: Puning County: mountain 

stream on Danan Shan [mountain], in Lianjiang drainage; 

syntypes: IHB 80VIII0037, 112, 114 [3], DBJU 

80VIII0035–36, 38–40, 111, 113, 115–116 [9]; compound 


8.4.8 Formosania stigmata (Nichols, 1926) 

Crossostoma stigmata Nichols, 1926: 4, fig. 3 (type locality: 

China: Fukien [Fujian]; holotype: AMNH 8476; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

8.4.9 Formosania tengi (Watanabe, 1983) 

Crossostoma tengi Watanabe, 1983: 111, fig. 5 (type locality: 

Taiwan: Kaoshiung County: Kaochung; holotype: 

WIRI 20; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

8.4.10 Formosania tinkhami (Herre, 1934) 

Crossostoma tinkhami Herre, 1934: 286 (type locality: China: 

Guangdong: Loh Fau Shan, 3500 ft.; holotype: 

LNHSM; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

8.5 Gastromyzon Günther, 1874 

Gastromyzon Günther, 1874: 454 (type species: Gastromyzon 

borneensis Günther, 1874: 454, by monotypy). Gender 

masculine. 

Lepidoglanis Vaillant, 1890: 82 (type species: Lepidoglanis 

monticola Vaillant, 1890: 82, by monotypy). Gender 

masculine. 

Nomenclatural notes. Vaillant (1890) did not indicate the 

gender of Lepidoglanis. He also did not explain the etymology 

and it is not known if he used the Greek glanis (feminine) 

or the Latin glanis (masculine). Because lepis is a Greek 

word, I consider Lepidoglanis as formed on the Greek glanis 

and feminine. The stem for a family group named formed 

on Lepidoglanis therefore is Lepidoglanid- (e.g. Lepidoglanididae 

Jordan, 1923: 149). 

8.5.1 Gastromyzon aequabilis Tan, 2006 

Gastromyzon aequabilis Tan, 2006: 147, fig. 91 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Lahad Datu, Danum Val- 


61 

ley, Kuamut, unnamed stream at km 111 on main line 

west after turnoff to Borneo Rainforest Lodge, 

5°01'06.0"N 117°32'38.4"E; holotype: MUS uncat.; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

8.5.2 Gastromyzon aeroides Tan & Sulaiman, 2006 

Gastromyzon aeroides Tan & Sulaiman, 2006: 9, figs. 3–4 

(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Mengalong River 

drainage: Sipitang: Sungai Malamum, ca. 9 km into 

track, tributary to Mengalong River; 4°59.120'N 

115°37.581'E; holotype: MUS uncat.; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

8.5.3 Gastromyzon auronigrus Tan, 2006 

Gastromyzon auronigrus Tan, 2006: 177, pl. 17B, fig. 114 

(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kota Marudu: 

Marak Parak: Sungai Kinarom, Kampong Loguhang, ca. 

6 km downstream of Serinsim Station, 6°19.733'N 

116°44.403'E; holotype: ZRC 47121; originally stated 

as an adjective [should have been auroniger], -us, -a, -um) 

8.5.4 Gastromyzon bario Tan, 2006 

Gastromyzon bario Tan, 2006: 76, figs. 34–36, pl. 11A (type 

locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram River drainage, 

Arur Dalan, headwater of Sungai Padapur, near Bario; 

holotype: IRSNB 824; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

8.5.5 Gastromyzon borneensis Günther, 1874 

Gastromyzon borneensis Günther, 1874: 454 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Beaufort, sources of Mingalong 

River [near Labuan]; lectotype: BMNH 

1874.11.24.1, designated by Roberts, 1982: 502, Tan, 

2006: 56, fig. 12; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

8.5.6 Gastromyzon contractus Roberts, 1982 

Gastromyzon contractus Roberts, 1982: 504, fig. 6 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sungai 

Tebelian where it flows into Sungai Pinoh, 19 km upstream 

from Nangapinoh, 0°30'S 111°45'E; holotype: 

MZB 3447; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

8.5.7 Gastromyzon cornusaccus Tan, 2006 

Gastromyzon cornusaccus Tan: 2006: 68, fig. 26, pl. 10B 

(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kota Marudu, 

Sungai Kinarom; holotype: UMSB 02233; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

8.5.8 Gastromyzon cranbrooki Tan & Sulaiman, 2006 

Gastromyzon cranbrooki Tan & Sulaiman, 2006: 3, figs. 1– 

2 (type locality: Brunei Darussalam: Temburon District: 

Temburong River drainage, Sungai Belalong, in front and 

near Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, 4°32'50.4"N 

115°09'27.6"E; holotype: UBD uncat.; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

8.5.9 Gastromyzon crenastus Tan & Leh, 2006 

Gastromyzon crenastus Tan & Leh, 2006: 9, figs. 3–4 (type 

locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Serian, Sungai 

Kubas, 6.9 km from Tebelu Tebakang turnoff, 5.8 km

8.4.6 Formosania lacustris, CMK 17450, 86.1 mm SL; Taiwan: 

Wu River. 

8.4.6 Formosania lacustris, CMK 17450, 86.1 mm SL. 

inside right side road, 1°09°10.0"N 110°29'22.7"E; holotype: 

SMK uncat.; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

8.5.10 Gastromyzon ctenocephalus Roberts, 1982 

Gastromyzon ctenocephalus Roberts, 1982: 505, fig. 7 (type 

locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Senah; holotype: 

BMNH 1893.3.6.269; compound adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

8.5.11 Gastromyzon danumensis Chin & Inger, 1989 

Gastromyzon danumensis Chin & Inger, 1989: 54, fig. 2 (type 

locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Lahad Datu District: 

Sungei Palum Tambun, a tributary of Segama River in 

Danum Valley Conservation Area; holotype: FMNH 

98126 [not 98125], Tan, 2006: 145, fig. 88; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

8.5.12 Gastromyzon embalohensis Rachmatika, 1998 

Gastromyzon embalohensis Rachmatika, 1998: 652, fig. 1 


unnamed stream near its confluence with Sungai Tekelan, 

tributary of Embaloh River, "ca. 126'646"N 

11228'196"E" [? 1°26.646'N 112°28.196'E]; holotype: 

MZB 9205; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 


62 

8.5.17 Gastromyzon introrsus, ZRC uncat., 49.6 mm SL; Malaysia: 

Borneo: Sabah: Ranau: Labuk. (Photograph by Tan Heok Hui). 

8.5.17 Gastromyzon introrsus, ZRC 47002, 45.7 mm SL. (Photograph 


8.5.13 Gastromyzon extrorsus Tan, 2006 

Gastromyzon extrorsus Tan, 2006: 70, figs. 28–29, pl. 10C 

(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Penampang: 

Petagas drainage, Penampang River, Sungai Moyog, 

Kampong Kibunut, 05°53.301'N 116°14.102'E; holotype: 

MUS uncat.; treated as a noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

8.5.14 Gastromyzon farragus Tan & Leh, 2006 

Gastromyzon farragus Tan & Leh, 2006: 15, figs. 5–6 (type 


Kubas, 6.9 km from Tebelu Tebakang turnoff, 5.8 km 

inside right side road, 1°09°10.0'N 110°29°22.7'E; holotype: 


8.5.15 Gastromyzon fasciatus Inger & Chin, 1961 

Gastromyzon fasciatus Inger & Chin, 1961: 173 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Third Division: Sungai 

Dapu, tributary of Baleh River near mouth of Sungai 

Putai, 1°48'N 113°45'E; holotype: FMNH 68119, Tan, 

2006: 94, fig. 48; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

8.5.16 Gastromyzon ingeri Tan, 2006 

Gastromyzon ingeri Tan, 2006: 149, fig. 94 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Tawau: Tawau Hill Parl, Tawau

River; holotype: FMNH [ex 108270]; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

8.5.17 Gastromyzon introrsus Tan, 2006 

Gastromyzon introrsus Tan, 2006: 72, figs. 31–32, pl. 10D 

(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Keningau: Sungai 

Agudon, mile 1 from Keningau to Crocker Range 

National Park HQ, Padas drainage, 5°21.206'N 

116°07.532'E; holotype: MUS uncat.; treated as a noun 


8.5.18 Gastromyzon katibasensis Leh & Chai, 2003 

Gastromyzon katibasensis Leh & Chai, 2003: 277, fig. 1 (type 

locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Katibas, Song: 

Menyarin Camp [1°39.212'N 112°13.568'E] at confluence 

of Menyarin stream with Katibas headwaters; holotype: 

SMK FE.KTB.01–03; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

8.5.19 Gastromyzon lepidogaster Roberts, 1982 

Gastromyzon lepidogaster Roberts, 1982: 509, figs. 9–10 

(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Beaufort District: 

sources of Mengalong; holotype: BMNH 

1874.11.24.5; compound noun, indeclinable) 

8.5.20 Gastromyzon megalepis Roberts, 1982 

Gastromyzon megalepis Roberts, 1982: 510, fig. 11 (type 

locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Third District: tributary 

of Baleh River between Sungai Entunau and Sungai 

Putai, Rajang drainage; holotype: FMNH 68126; 


8.5.21 Gastromyzon monticola (Vaillant, 1890) 

Lepidoglanis monticola Vaillant, 1890: 82 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Mt. Kinabalu [headwaters of 

Tampassuk River; Tan, 2006: 58]; lectotype: MNHN 

1889-84, designated by Tan, 2006: 61, fig. 17; also in 

Vaillant, 1893: pl. 1 fig. 3; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 



8.5.22 Gastromyzon ocellatus Tan & Ng, 2004 

Gastromyzon ocellatus Tan & Ng, 2004: 269, figs. 1, 5 (type 

locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Bau, Serikin area, 

Sungai Petiak, 1°21.25'N 110°06.81'E; holotype: SBC 

uncat.; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

8.5.23 Gastromyzon ornaticauda Tan & Martin-Smith, 1998 

Gastromyzon ornaticauda Tan & Martin-Smith, 1998: 367, 

figs. 3–4 (type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Lahad 

Datu: Kuamut, unnamed stream at km 113 on Main 

Line West logging track, 5°00'40"N 117°31'40"E; holotype: 

MUS uncat.; compound noun, indeclinable) 

8.5.24 Gastromyzon pariclavis Tan & Martin-Smith, 1998 

Gastromyzon pariclavis Tan & Martin-Smith, 1998: 362, 

fig. 1 (type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Lahad 

Datu: Kuamut, unnamed stream at km 111 on Main Line 

West logging track, 5°01'05"N 117°32'40"E; holotype: 

MUS uncat.; compound noun, indeclinable) 


63 

8.6.3 Glaniopsis cf. hanitschi, ZRC uncat., 55.5 mm SL; Malaysia: 


8.6.3. Glaniopsis hanitschi, ZRC uncat., 40.4 mm SL. (Photograph 


8.5.25 Gastromyzon praestans Tan, 2006 

Gastromyzon praestans Tan, 2006: 96, figs. 51–52 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: mainstream 

of Sungai Pinoh 20–60 km upstream from Nangapinoh, 

0°27.5'–0°41.5'S 111°39–111°45.5'E; holotype: 

MZB 3450; treated as a noun in apposition [but in fact 

an adjective], indeclinable) 

8.5.26 Gastromyzon psiloetron Tan, 2006 

Gastromyzon psiloetron Tan, 2006: 126, pl. 14A, fig. 73 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Kayan 

drainage, Bahau: Lalut Birai River next to Lalut Birai 

field station, tributary to Enggeng Bio, itself draining to 

Bahau River, 2°52.58'N 115°49.19'E; holotype: MZB 


8.5.27 Gastromyzon punctulatus Inger & Chin, 1961 

Gastromyzon punctulatus Inger & Chin, 1961: 173 (type 

locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Third Division: 

Sungai Dapu, tributary of Baleh River near mouth of 

Sungai Putai, 1°48'N 113°45'E; holotype: FMNH 68116, 

Tan, 2006: 84, fig. 40; adjective, -us, -a, -um)

8.5.28 Gastromyzon ridens Roberts, 1982 

Gastromyzon ridens Roberts, 1982: 515, fig. 14 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sungai Pinoh 

20–60 km upstream from Nangapinoh; holotype: MZB 

3455; participle, indeclinable) 

8.5.29 Gastromyzon russulus Tan, 2006 

Gastromyzon russulus Tan, 2006: 163, pl. 16B, fig. 105 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Kayan 

drainage, Bahau: Enggeng Bio River, draining to Bahau 

River, up to 6 riffles upstream of field station, 2°52.58'N 

115°49.19'E; holotype: MZB 10702; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

8.5.30 Gastromyzon scitulus Tan & Leh, 2006 

Gastromyzon scitulus Tan & Leh, 2006: 3, figs. 1–2 (type 


Kubas, 6.9 km from Tebelu Tebakang turnoff, 5.8 km 

inside right side road, 1°09'10.0"N 110°29'22.7"E; holotype: 


8.5.31 Gastromyzon spectabilis Tan, 2006 

Gastromyzon spectabilis Tan, 2006: 161, pl. 16A, fig. 102 

(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Lahad Datu, 

Sungai Danum camp II; holotype: MUS 0366; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

8.5.32 Gastromyzon stellatus Tan, 2006 

Gastromyzon stellatus Tan, 2006: 136, pl. 14C, figs. 82 (type 

locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Bau, Serikin area, 

Sungai Petiak, 1°21.25'N 110°06.81'E; holotype: SMK 

uncat.; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

8.5.33 Gastromyzon umbrus Tan, 2006 

Gastromyzon umbrus Tan, 2006: 106, figs. 60–61 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Sungai Sebuku 

drainage: Sungai Bantul at Bantul logging camp, 

draining to Sungai Tulit, 4°08'54"N 116°48'18"E; holotype: 

MZB 16471; used as an adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

8.5.34 Gastromyzon venustus Tan & Sulaiman, 2006 

Gastromyzon venustus Tan & Sulaiman, 2006: 13, figs. 5–6 

(type locality: Brunei Darussalam: Temburong District: 

Temburong River drainage, Sungai Belalong, in front and 

near Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, 4°32'50.4"N 

115°09'27.6"E; holotype: UBD uncat.; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

8.5.35 Gastromyzon viriosus Tan, 2006 

Gastromyzon viriosus Tan, 2006: 165, fig. 107 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Bintulu, Tatau District, 

Sungai Sawi; holotype: ZRC 39709; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

8.5.36 Gastromyzon zebrinus Tan, 2006 

Gastromyzon zebrinus Tan, 2006: 139, pl. 15A, fig. 84 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas 

drainage: Bengkayan, about 60–70 km from Sarawak 

border; holotype: MZB 9350; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 


64 

8.6 Glaniopsis Boulenger, 1899 

Glaniopsis Boulenger, 1899a: 228 (type species: Glaniopsis 

hanitschi Boulenger, 1899a: 228, by monotypy). Gender 

feminine. 

8.6.1 Glaniopsis denudata Roberts, 1982 

Glaniopsis denudata Roberts, 1982: 517, fig. 17 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Sungai Kidikarok; holotype: 


8.6.2 Glaniopsis gossei Roberts, 1982 

Glaniopsis gossei Roberts, 1982: 518, fig. 18 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Arur Dalan, a torrential 

headwater of Sungai Padapur, Baram drainage, near Bario; 

holotype: IRNSB 621; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

8.6.3 Glaniopsis hanitschi Boulenger, 1899 

Glaniopsis Hanitschi Boulenger, 1899a: 228 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kadamaian River on Mount 

Kinabalu; syntypes: BMNH 1898.8.19.17–18 [2], ZRC 

1753 [1], Alfred, 1970: 69, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; 


8.6.4 Glaniopsis multiradiata Roberts, 1982 

Glaniopsis multiradiata Roberts, 1982: 521, fig. 20 (type 

locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Arur Dalan, a torrential 

headwater of Sungai Padapur, Baram drainage, 

near Bario; holotype: IRNSB 619; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

8.7 Hypergastromyzon Roberts, 1989 

Hypergastromyzon Roberts, 1989: 91 (type species: Hypergastromyzon 

humilis Roberts, 1989: 92, by original designation; 

also spelt Hypogastromyzon p. 83, an inadvertent 

error as evidenced by etymology p. 92, thus incorrect 

original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1]). Gender masculine. 

8.7.1 Hypergastromyzon eubranchus Roberts, 1991 

Hypergastromyzon eubranchus Roberts, 1991: 334, fig. 1 

(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Batang Ai 

near Wong Mepal; holotype: BMNH 1984.11.15.1; compound 


8.7.2 Hypergastromyzon humilis Roberts, 1989 

Hypergastromyzon humilis Roberts, 1989: 92, fig. 72 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sungei 

Tamang, a tributary of Sungei Pinoh entering it opposite 

mouth of Sungei Kelawai; holotype: MZB 3480; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

8.8 Katibasia Kottelat, 2004 

Katibasia Kottelat, 2004c: 302 (type species: Katibasia insidiosa 

Kottelat, 2004c: 303, by original designation). 


8.8.1 Katibasia insidiosa Kottelat, 2004 

Katibasia insidiosa Kottelat, 2004c: 303, fig. 2 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Song District: Sungai

8.7.2 Hypergastromyzon humilis, CMK 10574, 30.4 mm SL; Indonesia: 

Borneo: Kapuas drainage. 

8.7.2 Hypergastromyzon humilis, CMK 10574, 31.5 mm SL. (Photograph 


Melinau, Ulu Katibas, Rajang drainage; holotype: ZRC 


8.9 Liniparhomaloptera Fang, 1935 

Liniparhomaloptera Fang, 1935a: 93 (type species: Parhomaloptera 

disparis Lin, 1934: 225, by original designation). 


8.9.1 Liniparhomaloptera disparis (Lin, 1934) 

Parhomaloptera disparis Lin, 1934: 225, figs. 1–3 (type 

locality: China: Guangdong: Poh-lo County: Loh Fau 

Shan; holotype: FESC H 15; adjective, -ar, -aris, -are) 

8.9.2 ? Liniparhomaloptera monoloba (Mai, 1978) 

Homaloptera monoloba Mai, 1978: 207, fig. 94 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Bac Thai Province: Ky Phu stream; syntypes: 

DVZUT; compound noun, indeclinable) 

8.9.3 Liniparhomaloptera obtusirostris Zheng & Chen, 

1980 

Liniparhomaloptera obtusirostris Zheng & Chen, 1980: 92, 


65 

8.8.1 Katibasia insidiosa, ZRC 49631, 31.2 mm SL, holotype; 

Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Rajang drainage. (Photograph by Tan 

Heok Hui). 

8.8.1 Katibasia insidiosa, ZRC 49631, 31.2 mm SL. (Photograph 


fig. 3 (type locality: China: Guangdong: Xinyi County: a 

mountain stream of West River; syntypes: IHB 77VII80, 

83–84, 86–87 [5], DBJU 77VIII88, 106, 111 [3]; compound 


8.9.4 Liniparhomaloptera qiongzhongensis Zheng & 

Chen, 1980 

Liniparhomaloptera disparis qiongzhongensis Zheng & 

Chen, 1980: 91, fig. 2 (type locality: China: Hainan: 

Wanquan River in Quiongzhong Xian; syntypes: IHB 

76V9621–9624, 9626 [5], DBJU 76V9629, 9630, 9632, 

9634 [4]; also spelt qiongzhengensis p. 89, an obvious 

inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spelling [Code 

art. 32.5.1]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

8.10 Neogastromyzon Popta, 1905 

Neogastromyzon Popta, 1905: 180 (type species: Neogastromyzon 

nieuwenhuisii Popta, 1905: 181, by monotypy). 


8.10.1 Neogastromyzon brunei Tan, 2006 

Neogastromyzon brunei Tan, 2006: 194, fig. 127, pl. 18C 

(type locality: Brunei Darussalam: Temburong District: 

Belalong drainage: Sungai Enkabang, about 15 minutes 

upstream of Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, 

4°32'13.5"N 115°09'35.0"E; holotype: UBD uncat.; noun 

in apposition, indeclinable)


8.9.4 Liniparhomaloptera cf. qiongzhongensis, CMK 14888, 72.1 

mm SL; Vietnam: Mong Cai. 8.10.4 Neogastromyzon kottelati, CMK 11706, 35.2 mm SL; Indonesia: 

Borneo: Kapuas drainage. 

8.9.4 Liniparhomaloptera cf. qiongzhongensis, CMK 14888, 72.1 

mm SL. 

8.10.2 Neogastromyzon chini Tan, 2006 

Neogastromyzon chini Tan, 2006: 189, figs. 122–123, pl. 

18A–B (type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Third 

Division: Rajang drainage, tributary Baleh River, between 

Sungai Entunau and Sungai Putai; holotype: FMNH 


8.10.3 Neogastromyzon crassiobex Tan, 2006 

Neogastromyzon crassiobex Tan, 2006: 187, fig. 120, pl. 17C 

(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Lahad Datu: 

Kuamut drainage, unnamed hill stream, 5°00'20"N 

117°30'10"E; holotype: ZRC 47396; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

8.10.4 Neogastromyzon kottelati Tan, 2006 

Neogastromyzon kottelati Tan, 2006: 192, fig. 125 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Danau 

Sentarum area, Sungai Hulu Leboyan at Keluwin; holotype: 

MZB 10704; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

8.10.5 Neogastromyzon nieuwenhuisii Popta, 1905 

Neogastromyzon Nieuwenhuisii Popta, 1905: 181 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Howong River 

[about 0°15'N 115°30'E]; holotype: RMNH 7640; also 

66 

8.10.5 Neogastromyzon nieuwenhuisii, ZRC 47394, 55.2 mm SL; 

Indonesia: Borneo: Kayan drainage. (Photograph by Tan Heok 

Hui). 

in Popta, 1906: 192, pl. 10 fig. 41; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

8.10.6 Neogastromyzon pauciradiatus (Inger & Chin, 

1961) 

Gastromyzon pauciradiatus Inger & Chin, 1961: 174 (type 

locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Third Division: 

unnamed tributary of Baleh River opposite Sungai Laie; 

holotype: FMNH 68121, Tan, 2006: 185, fig. 118; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

8.11 Paraprotomyzon Pellegrin & Fang, 1935 

Paraprotomyzon Pellegrin & Fang, 1935: 99 (type species: 

Paraprotomyzon multifasciatus Pellegrin & Fang, 1935: 

103, by original designation). Gender masculine. 

8.11.1 Paraprotomyzon bamaensis Tang, 1997 

Paraprotomyzon bamaensis Tang, 1997: 108, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Guangxi: Bama County, in Hongshuihe 

River drainage; holotype: IHB 86VIII0001; adjective, - 

is, -is, -e)

8.11.3 Paraprotomyzon multifasciatus, KIZ 2011001333, 33.9 mm 

SL; China: Guangxi: Pearl River drainage. (Photograph by Chen 

Xiao-Yong). 

8.11.3 Paraprotomyzon multifasciatus, ZSI F669/2, syntype, size 

unknown. (From Hora & Jayaram, 1950: 63). 

8.11.2 Paraprotomyzon lungkowensis Xie, Yang & Gong, 

1984 

Paraprotomyzon lungkowensis Xie, Yang & Gong, 1984: 

62, figs. 1–2 (type locality: China: Hubei: Lungkow 

stream, Mount Shengnongjia; syntypes: HACW 826001, 

835274–278, 294–278 [sic], IHB 835279–281 [total 9]; 


8.11.3 Paraprotomyzon multifasciatus Pellegrin & Fang, 

1935 

Paraprotomyzon Multifasciatus Pellegrin & Fang, 1935: 103, 

fig. 2 (type locality: China: Sichuan: Kwai-chow; syntypes: 

MNHN 1935-36–39 [4], ZSI F 669/2 [1], Bertin & Estève, 

1948: 102, Silas, 1953: 231; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

8.11.4 Paraprotomyzon niulanjiangensis Lu, Lu & Mao, 

2005 

Paraprotomyzon niulanjiangensis Lu, Lu & Mao, 2005: 202, 

fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Zhanyi County: Niulan 

Jiang, tributary of Jinsha Jiang [Yangtze], at Deze 

Xiang, 25°59'N 103°36'E; holotype: FACQR 200306005; 


8.12 Parhomaloptera Vaillant, 1902 

Parhomaloptera Vaillant, 1902: 129 (type species: Parhomaloptera 

obscura Vaillant, 1902: 130, by monotypy). Gender 

feminine. 


67 

8.12.1 Parhomaloptera microstoma, ZRC uncat., 63.4 mm SL; Indonesia: 

Borneo: Kayan drainage. (Photograph by Tan Heok Hui). 

8.12.1 Parhomaloptera microstoma, ZRC uncat., 56.6 mm SL. 


8.12.1 Parhomaloptera microstoma (Boulenger, 1899) 

Homaloptera microstoma Boulenger, 1899a: 228 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Akar River; holotype: 

BMNH 1895.7.2.49, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; compound 


Parhomaloptera obscura Vaillant, 1902: 130, figs. 36–38 


Bloeoe River [Bluu, 0°42'N 114°24'E]; syntypes [3]: 

RMNH, MNHN 1903-196 [1], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 


8.13 Plesiomyzon Zheng & Chen, 1980 

Plesiomyzon Zheng & Chen, 1980: 90 (type species: Plesiomyzon 

baotingensis Zheng & Chen, 1980: 90, by original 


8.13.1 Plesiomyzon baotingensis Zheng & Chen, 1980 

Plesiomyzon baotingensis Zheng & Chen, 1980: 90, fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Hainan: Baoting Xian; syntypes: 

IHB 76VI6077, 6079 [2], DBJU 76VI6078 [1]; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

8.14 Protomyzon Hora, 1932 

Protomyzon Hora, 1932a: 306 (type species: Homaloptera 

whiteheadi Vaillant, 1893: 92, by original designation). 


Progastromyzon Hora & Jayaram, 1952: 191 (type species:

8.13.1 Plesiomyzon baotingensis, ZRC uncat., 39.4 mm SL; China: 

Hainan Island. (Photograph by Tan Heok Hui). 

8.13.1 Plesiomyzon baotingensis, ZRC uncat., 39.4 mm SL. (Photograph 


Progastromyzon griswoldi Hora & Jayaram, 1952: 192, 


8.14.1 Protomyzon aphelocheilus Inger & Chin, 1962 

Protomyzon aphelocheilus Inger & Chin, 1962: 110, fig. 53 

(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Tambunan District: 

Sungei Kaingeran; holotype: FMNH 68166; noun 


8.14.2 Protomyzon borneensis Hora & Jayaram, 1952 

Protomyzon borneensis Hora & Jayaram, 1952: 193, fig. 2 

(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Mount Kinabalu: 

Bohanan River between Jinompan and Ranan, Kampong 

Kundasang; holotype: MCZ 37207 [not 34801]; 


8.14.3 Protomyzon griswoldi (Hora & Jayaram, 1952) 

Progastromyzon griswoldi Hora & Jayaram, 1952: 192, fig. 1 

(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Mount Kinabalu: 

Kaddamayaa River at Kiau; holotype: MCZ 37206 

[not 34806]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

8.14.4 Protomyzon whiteheadi (Vaillant, 1893) 

Homaloptera Whiteheadi Vaillant, 1893: 92, pl. 1 fig. 2 (type 

locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kinabalu; syntypes: 

MNHN 1889-86 [1], 1889-87 [1], 1889-88 [5]; noun in 



68 

8.14.2 Protomyzon borneensis, ZRC uncat., 32.4 mm SL; Malaysia: 


8.14.2 Protomyzon borneensis, ZRC uncat., 40.5 mm SL. (Photograph 


8.15 Pseudogastromyzon Nichols, 1925 

Pseudogastromyzon Nichols, 1925e: 1 (subgenus of 

Hemimyzon Regan, 1911: 32; type species: Hemimyzon 

zebroidus Nichols, 1925e: 1, by monotypy). Gender masculine. 

Labigastromyzon Tang & Chen, 1996: 234 (subgenus of 

Pseudogastromyzon Nichols, 1925e: 1; type species: 

Crossostoma fangi Nichols, 1931a: 63, by original designation; 

spellt Labigastromyzo p. 234, an obvious inadvertent 


32.5.1]). Gender masculine. 

8.15.1 Pseudogastromyzon changtingensis Liang, 1942 

Pseudogastromyzon fasciatus changtingensis Liang, 1942: 

1, fig. 1 (type locality: China: western Fukien [Fujian]: 

Chang ting-hsien; holotype: Institute of Zoology and 

Botany, Provincial Academy of Fukien 9; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

? Pseudogastromyzon tungpeiensis Chen & Liang, 1949: 

158, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Guangdong: Tung-peishiu, 

Lienhsien; holotype: Kwantung Provincial College 

of Letters and Science 651; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

8.15.2 Pseudogastromyzon cheni Liang, 1942 

Pseudogastromyzon cheni Liang, 1942: 4, fig. 2 (type local-

ity: China: western Fukien [Fujian]: Changting-hsien; 

holotype: Institute of Zoology and Botany, Provincial 

Academy of Fukien 6; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

8.15.3 Pseudogastromyzon fangi (Nichols, 1931) 

Crossostoma fangi Nichols, 1931a: 263, fig. (type locality: 

China: Guangdong: near Canton; holotype: AMNH 10111 

[Lingnan University Canton P-81], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 


8.15.4 Pseudogastromyzon fasciatus (Sauvage, 1878) 

Psilorhynchus fasciatus Sauvage, 1878a: 88 (type locality: 

China: western Fukien [Fujian] at 1200 masl [Fujian: 

Kuatun, 27°51'N 117°48'E; see Crossostoma davidi]; 

syntypes: MNHN A.3449 [11], 9821 [3], Bertin & Estève, 

1948: 102, 103; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Hemimyzon zebroidus Nichols, 1925e: 1, fig. 1 (type locality: 

China: Fukien [Fujian]: Yenping; holotype: AMNH 


Pseudogastromyzon fasciatus jiulongjiangensis Chen, 

1980a: 110, fig. 5 (type locality: China: Fujian: Jiulong 

River in Longyan Xian and Nanjing Xian; syntypes: IHB 

74V445, 447, 448, 761, 763, 765, 766, 768–770, 776, 

779, 782–784 [15]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

8.15.5 Pseudogastromyzon laticeps Chen & Zheng, in 

Zheng & Chen, 1980 

Pseudogastromyzon laticeps Chen & Zheng, in Zheng & 

Chen, 1980: 96, fig. 7 (type locality: China: Guangdong: 

Haifeng Xian: a mountain stream at Lianhua Shan; syntypes: 

IHB 76IV8166–8170, 8196–8200 [10], DBJU 

76IV8171–8175, 8202–8206 [10]; compound adjective, 

indeclinable) 

8.15.6 Pseudogastromyzon lianjiangensis Zheng, 1981 

Pseudogastromyzon lianjiangensis Zheng, 1981: 59, fig. 2 

(type locality: China: Guangdong: Puning County: mountain 

stream on Danan Shan [mountain], in Lianjiang drainage; 

syntypes: IHB 80VIII0008, 24 [2], DBJU 

80VIII0005, 22, 27 [3]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

8.15.7 Pseudogastromyzon meihuashanensis Li, 1998 

Pseudogastromyzon meihuashanensis Li, 1998: 260, fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Fujian: Meihuashan Nature Reserve, 

Dutou Station, Manzhuxi [Manzhu stream], Jiulongjiang 

drainage, 25°25'N 116°55'E; holotype: FM 

00248; also spelt meihuashangensis p. 260, an obvious 



8.15.8 Pseudogastromyzon myersi Herre, 1932 

Pseudogastromyzon myersi Herre, 1932: 430 (type locality: 

China: Hong Kong island; holotype: CAS-SU 25731, 

Böhlke, 1953: 40; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Pseudogastromyzon maculatum Chen & Zheng, in Zheng & 

Chen, 1980: 95, fig. 6 (type locality: China: Guangdong: 

East River in Lianping Xian and Xinfeng Xian; syntypes: 

IHB 76V7355, 7357, 7359, 7361, 7363, 7365, 7367, 

7371, 7587, 7593 [10], DBJU 76V7595, 7599, 7785, 

7788, 7789 [5]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 


69 

8.15.2 Pseudogastromyzon cf. cheni, ZRC uncat., 39.2 mm SL; 

China: aquarium specimen. (Photograph by Tan Heok Hui). 

8.15.2 Pseudogastromyzon cf. cheni, ZRC uncat., 39.2 mm SL. 


8.15.9 Pseudogastromyzon peristictus Zheng & Li, 1986 

Pseudogastromyzon peristictus Zheng & Li, 1986: 77, fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Guangdong: Fengshun Xian; syntypes: 

DBJU 85VIII109–118, 120–121 [12], IHB 

85VIII107–108, 119, 122 [4]; etymology unknown, treated 


8.16 Sewellia Hora, 1932 

Sewellia Hora, 1932: 315 (type species: Balitora lineolata 

Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 99, by 


Diardichthys Roberts, 1998: 275 (subgenus of Sewellia Hora, 

1932a: 315; type species: Sewellia diardi Roberts, 1998: 


Parasewellia Nguyen (H. D.) & Nguyen (V. H.), in Nguyen 

(V. H.), 2005: 543 (type species: Parasewellia tetralobata 

Nguyen & Nguyen, in Nguyen, 2005: 545, by original 









the same locality may be found to represent single species.

8.16.12 Sewellia speciosa, CMK 15551, 45.8 mm SL; Laos: 

Mekong drainage: Xe Kong. 

8.16.5 Sewellia elongata, CMK 15529, 63.5 mm SL. 

8.16.1 Sewellia albisuera Freyhof, 2003 

Sewellia albisuera Freyhof, 2003: 226, figs. 1–2 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Quang Nam Da Nang Province: Thu Bon 

River about 16 km west of Than My; 15°40.33'N 

107°48.45'E; holotype: ZFMK 32913; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

Parasewellia tetralobata Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], 


Quang Nam Province: Thu Bon River [a coastal 

drainage south of Danang]; holotype: HNUE; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

8.16.2 Sewellia analis Nguyen & Nguyen, in Nguyen, 2005 

Sewellia analis Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], in Nguyen 

[V. H.], 2005: 587, fig. 25 (type locality: Vietnam: 

Thua Thien Hue Province: A Luoi district, A Sap, Hong 

Van, Tarinh; holotype: HNUE; also spelt analus p. 278, 

587 fig. 25, 689; as first reviser I select analis as the 

correct original spelling; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 


70 

8.16.3 Sewellia breviventralis Freyhof & Serov, 2000 

Sewellia breviventralis Freyhof & Serov, 2000a: 231, figs. 9– 

10 (type locality: Vietnam: Kontum Province: Pako River 

about 50 km north of Kontum, a tributary of Sesan, 

Mekong drainage; 14°39'60"N 107°46'98"E; holotype: 

ZFMK 20955; compound noun, indeclinable) 

8.16.4 Sewellia diardi Roberts, 1998 

Sewellia diardi Roberts, 1998: 281, fig. 6 (type locality: Laos: 

Attapu Province.: lower Xe Nam Noi 1.5 km downstream 

from bridge on route 232 to Attapu, 26 km from Ban 

Nam Tang, 270 masl; holotype: ZRC 40364; noun in 


8.16.5 Sewellia elongata Roberts, 1998 

Sewellia elongata Roberts, 1998: 283, fig. 7 (type locality: 

Laos: Champasak Province: Bolaven plateau: Xe Nam 

Noi at proposed dam site for Xe Nam Noi-Xe Pian hydropower 

dam, 16 km southeast of Ban Nam Tang, 730 

masl; holotype: ZRC 40361; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

8.16.6 Sewellia lineolata (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846) 

Balitora lineolata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846: 99 (type locality: Vietnam: Cochinchine; syntypes: 

MNHN 2906 [3], BMNH 1931.10.26.3 [1], RMNH 2011 

[2], ZSI F 11291/1 [1], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 104, Kottelat, 

1994b: 109, Silas, 1953: 230; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Sewellia songboensis Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], in 

Nguyen [V. H.], 2005: 581, fig. 22 (type locality: Vietnam: 

Thua Thien Hue Province: A Luoi district: A Sap; 

holotype: HNUE; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

8.16.7 Sewellia marmorata Serov, 1996 

Sewellia marmorata Serov, 1996: 197, fig. 1 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Zalai-Kontum Province: "a mountain brook at 

the area of the forestry Kon-Khanym", 1250 masl, 

13°57'N 107°32'E [Gia Lai Province: stream at Kon Ha 

Nuong, about 70 km north of An Khe, 13°57'N 108°32'E; 

Freyhof & Serov, 2000a: 223]; holotype: ZMMU P 


8.16.8 Sewellia media Nguyen & Nguyen, in Nguyen, 2005 

Sewellia medius Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], in Nguyen 

[V. H.], 2005: 585, fig. 24 (type locality: Vietnam: 

Thua Thien Hue Province: A Luoi district, A Sap, Hong 

Van, Tarinh; holotype: HNUE; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Sewellia brevis Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], in Nguyen 

[V. H.], 2005: 278, 585, fig. 24 (an alternative name 

used simultaneously for Sewellia medius Nguyen & 

Nguyen, in Nguyen, 2005: 585; as first reviser I give precedence 

to S. medius; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

8.16.9 Sewellia monolobata (Nguyen & Nguyen, in Nguyen, 

2005) 

Parasewellia monolobata Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], 



drainage south of Danang]; holotype: HNUE; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um)

Parasewellia polylobata Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], 



drainage south of Danang]; holotype: HNUE; also spelt 

polyloba in caption of fig. 3, as first reviser I select polylobata 

as the correct original spelling; subjective simultaneous 

synonym of Parasewellia monolobata Nguyen 

& Nguyen, in Nguyen, 2005: 546; as first reviser, I give 

precedence to P. monolobata; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

8.16.10 Sewellia patella Freyhof & Serov, 2000 

Sewellia patella Freyhof & Serov, 2000a: 235, figs. 13–14 

(type locality: Vietnam: Gia Lai Province: stream Azun 

about 30 km east of Pleiku; 14°02'34"N 108°21'07" E; 

holotype: ZFMK 20962; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

8.16.11 Sewellia pterolineata Roberts, 1998 

Sewellia pterolineata Roberts, 1998: 277, fig. 4 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Nghia Bin Province: Trac Khuc River; holotype: 

RMNH 31832; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

8.16.12 Sewellia speciosa Roberts, 1998 

Sewellia speciosa Roberts, 1998: 279, fig. 5 (type locality: 

Laos: Attapu Province.: lower Xe Nam Noi 1.5 km downstream 

from bridge on route 232 to Attapu, 26 km from 

Ban Nam Tang, 270 masl; holotype: ZRC 40368; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

8.16.13 Sewellia trakhucensis Nguyen & Nguyen, in 

Nguyen, 2005 

Sewellia trakhucensis Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], in 

Nguyen [V. H.], 2005: 583, fig. 23 (type locality: Vietnam: 

Quang Ngai Province, Son Ha, Tra Khuc River; 

holotype: HNUE; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

8.17 Vanmanenia Hora, 1932 

Homalosoma Boulenger, 1901: 270 (name not available, 

incorrect subsequent spelling for Homaloptera van Hasselt, 

1823: 133 [Boulenger, in litt. to Hora, 1932: 309]; [if 

treated as available then: type species: Homalosoma stenosoma 

Boulenger, 1901: 270, by monotypy; junior homonym 

of Homalosoma Wagler, 1830: 190 in Reptilia, and 

Homalosoma Agassiz, 1848: 531 in Coleoptera; not junior 

homonym of Homalosoma Oersted, in Keferstein, 

1865: 436, in Vermes, which is not available because listed 

in synonymy (Code art. 11.6)]). Gender neuter. 

Vanmanenia Hora, 1932a: 309 (type species: Homalosoma 

stenosoma Boulenger, 1901: 270, by original designation). 


Praeformosania Fang, 1935a: 71 (type species: Praeformosania 

pingchowensis Fang, 1935a: 72, by original designation). 









71 



For some species there is not even informative locality data. 

The colour pattern of Vanmanenia species strikingly changes 

with growth. 

Nomenclatural notes. Boulenger (1901: 270) used the name 

Homalosoma, without mentioning it as a new genus. Since, 

authors have speculated as to whether it was intended as a 

new genus or was a lapsus for Homaloptera and/or a confusion 

with the snake genus Homalosoma (Boulenger also 

published on reptiles). The answer to these speculations has 

already been given by Boulenger himself in a letter to Hora 

(1932: 309): "Homalosoma stenosoma is obviously a lapsus 

calami for Homaloptera stenosoma and only a lapsus 

memoriae could account for my using Homalosoma to denote 

a new genus, that name being in use for a well known 

genus of snakes". Therefore, Homalosoma is an incorrect 

subsequent spelling of Homaloptera. Should one consider it 

as available, it would be permanently invalid as a junior homonym 

for Homalosoma Wagler, 1830 (see above). 


8.17.1 ? Vanmanenia multiloba (Mai, 1978) 

Homaloptera multiloba Mai, 1978: 208, fig. 95 (type locality: 

northern Vietnam; syntypes: DVZUT; compound 



8.17.2 ? Vanmanenia nahangensis Nguyen, 2005 

Vanmanenia nahangensis Nguyen, 2005: 572, fig. 17 (type 

locality: Vietnam: Tuyen Quang Province: Na Hang district: 

Gam River; holotype: NCNTTSI; also spelt nahangenis 

p. 573, an obvious inadvertent error, thus incorrect 

original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1]; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 


8.17.3 Vanmanenia tetraloba (Mai, 1978) 

Homaloptera tetraloba Mai, 1978: 210, fig. 97 (type locality: 

northwestern Vietnam; syntypes: DVZUT; compound 



8.17.4 Vanmanenia ventrosquamata (Mai, 1978) 

Homaloptera ventrosquamata Mai, 1978: 209, fig. 96 (type 

locality: Vietnam: Cau River [Bac Thai, Bac Giang and 

Bac Ninh provinces]; syntypes: DVZUT; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

8.17.5 Vanmanenia caldwelli (Nichols, 1925) 

Homaloptera caldwelli Nichols, 1925c: 1 (type locality: 

China: Fukien [Fujian]: near Yenping; holotype: AMNH 


8.17.6 Vanmanenia caobangensis Nguyen, 2005 

Vanmanenia caobangensis Nguyen, 2005: 571, fig. 16 (type 

locality: Vietnam: Cao Bang Province: Bang Giang River 

at Cao Bang, Red River drainage; holotype: NCNTT- 

SI; adjective, -is, -is, -e)

8.17.7 Vanmanenia crassicauda, top, CMK 15328, 23.8 mm SL; 

bottom, ZRC 45390, 66.2 mm SL, holotype; Laos: Houaphan Province: 

Nam Xam drainage. 

8.17.7 Vanmanenia crassicauda, CMK 15410, 56.9 mm SL. 

8.17.7 Vanmanenia crassicauda Kottelat, 2000 

Vanmanenia crassicauda Kottelat, 2000: 75, fig. 66 (type 

locality: Laos: Houaphan Province: Houay Keap, waterfall 

adjacent to road on creek entering Nam Xam at km 5 

on road from Xam Tai to Ban Houatangoua; 20°01'00"N 

104°35'44"E; holotype: ZRC 45390; compound noun, 

indeclinable) 

? Vanmanenia microlepis Nguyen, 2005: 578, fig. 20 (type 


Nam So stream [Song Da drainage]; holotype: 

NCNTTSI; compound noun, indeclinable) 

8.17.8 Vanmanenia gymnetrus Chen, 1980 

Vanmanenia gymnetrus Chen, 1980a: 100, fig. 1 (type locality: 

China: Fujian: Longyan County: Jiulong River; syntypes: 

IHB 74VI0786–0791 [6]; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 


72 

8.17.9 Vanmanenia hainanensis Chen & Zheng, in Zheng 

& Chen, 1980 

Vanmanenia hainanensis Chen & Zheng, in Zheng & Chen, 

1980: 93, fig. 4 (type locality: China: Hainan: mountain 

stream of Chang Jiang in Qiongzhong Xian; syntypes: 

IHB 76V9142, 9168, 9173–9179 [9], DBJU 76V9181, 

9183, 9185, 9188, 9190, 9191 [6]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

8.17.10 Vanmanenia homalocephala Zhang & Zhao, 2000 

Vanmanenia homalocephala Zhang & Zhao, 2000: 458, fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Guangxi: Yongfu County: creek in 

Baishou, in Luoqing Jiang system, tributary of Liu Jiang, 

Pear River drainage; 26°35'N 118°15'E; holotype: ASIZB 


8.17.11 Vanmanenia lineata Fang, 1935 

Vanmanenia lineata Fang, 1935a: 78, fig. 11 (type locality: 

China: north-western Guangxi: Kwang-lau, Ling-yuenhsien; 

holotype: NRIBAS M.737; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Formosania yaoshanensis Wu, 1939: 128, pl. 3 fig. 7 (type 

locality: China: Guangxi: Li-kiang at Yao-shan; syntypes: 

[LU] 264–268 [5]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

8.17.12 Vanmanenia pingchowensis (Fang, 1935) 

Gobius Pa-che-tsee-yu Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 179, pl. 37 

fig. 10 (name not binominal, not available; locality: China: 

Sichuan) 

Praeformosania pingchowensis Fang, 1935a: 72, fig. 9 (type 

locality: China: South Kweichow [Guizhou]: Ping-chowhsien; 

holotype: NRIBAS 4024; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Praeformosania intermedia Fang, 1935a: 75, fig. 10 (type 

locality: China: South Kweichow [Guizhou]: Hu-yuenhsien 

[or Tu-yuen-hsien, p. 76], in mountain streams running 

into Tung-ting Lake; holotype: NRIBAS M.2709; 

simultaneous subjective synonym of Praeformosania 

pingchowensis Fang, 1935a: 72; first reviser [Chen, 

1980a: 99] gave precedence to P. pingchowensis; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Vanmanenia polylepis Pan, Liu & Zheng, 1983: 107, fig. 2 

(type locality: China: Guangdong: Beijiang River; holotype: 

SCNU 3194 [mentioned in Chinese text only]; compound 


Taxonomic notes. Among the fishes presently reported from 

Sichuan (Ding, 1994), Gobius pa-che-tsee-yu, as illustrated 

by Dabry de Thiersant, shows the greatest similarity with 

V. pingchowensis. 

8.17.13 Vanmanenia serrilineata Kottelat, 2000 

Vanmanenia serrilineata Kottelat, 2000: 76, fig. 68 (type 

locality: Laos: Louangnamtha Province: Nam Tha at Ban 

Finho, about 14 km north of Luang Nam Tha; 21°04'44"N 

101°24'09"E; holotype: ZRC 45392; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

? Vanmanenia monofasciodorsalata Nguyen, 2005: 574, 

fig. 18 (type locality: Vietnam: Dien Bien Province: Nam 

Rom River; holotype: NCNTTSI; also spelt monofasciodorsala 

p. 574, fig. 18, p. 577, monofasciodossalata 

p. 574, monofasciodorsalata p. 689; as first reviser I select 

monofasciodorsalata as the correct original spelling; 

adjective, -us, -a, -um)

? Vanmanenia trifasciodorsalata Nguyen, 2005: 576, fig. 19 

(type locality: Vietnam: Dien Bien Province: Nam Rom 

River; holotype: NCNTTSI; spelt trifasciodorsala pp. 

268, 575, triofasciodossalata p. 576, trifaseudorsala p. 

576, fig. 19, trifasciodorsalata p. 689; as first reviser I 

select trifasciodorsalata as the correct original spelling; 


8.17.14 Vanmanenia stenosoma (Boulenger, 1901) 

Homalosoma stenosoma Boulenger, 1901: 270, pl. 23 fig. 3 

(type locality: China: Zhejiang: Ningpo [Ningbo]; holotype: 

BMNH 1901.3.6.16; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Homaloptera caldwelli chekianensis Tchang, 1932c: 83, fig. 

(type locality: China: Chekiang [Zhejiang]; holotype: 

ZMFIB 7013; spelt chekinensis p. 83, chekianensis 

9 Serpenticobitidae Kottelat, 2012 

Serpenticobitinae Nalbant, 2002: pl. 7 (not available, no 

explicitly indicated as intentionally new, Code art. 16.1, 

no type genus cited, art. 16.2) 

Serpenticobitidae Kottelat, 2012: 140 [appendix of present 

work] (type genus: Serpenticobitis Roberts, 1997: 109) 

9.1 Serpenticobitis Roberts, 1997 

Serpenticobitis Roberts, 1997: 109 (type species: Serpenticobitis 

octozona Roberts, 1997: 112, by original designation). 


Bangfaia Kottelat, 1998a: 96, fig. 134 (name published by 

inadvertence [existed in manuscript, corrected in proofs 

after receiving description of Serpenticobitis, but some 

mentions were overlooked], no type species designated, 

nomen nudum) 

9.1.1 Serpenticobitis cingulata Roberts, 1997 

Serpenticobitis cingulata Roberts, 1997: 113, fig. 6 (type 

locality: Thailand: Loei Province [actually Chiang Rai 

Province]: Huay Ngao where it enters Mekong mainstream, 

1 km south of Ban Chaem Pong, about 30 km 

south of Chiang Khong; holotype: CAS 95170; adjective, 

-us, -a, 

-um) 

9.1.2 Serpenticobitis octozona Roberts, 1997 

Serpenticobitis octozona Roberts, 1997: 112, fig. 5 (type 

locality: Laos: Attapu Province: Xe Nam Noi, eastern 

slope of Bolaven Plateau, about 3 km downstream from 

ferry crossing road Saravan to Attapu and 30 km from 

Ban Nam Tang; holotype: CAS 95165; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 


Family SERPENTICOBITIDAE 

73 

pp. 84, 85, first reviser not researched, but chekinensis 

apparently an error of inadvertence, thus incorrect original 

spelling [Code art. 32.5.1]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

8.17.15 Vanmanenia striata Chen, 1980 

Vanmanenia striata Chen, 1980a: 101, fig. 2 (type locality: 

China: Yunnan: Yuanjiang [Red River], Xiaguan Shi; 

syntypes: IHB 585280–285, 446, 450, 480, 482, 646483– 


8.17.16 Vanmanenia xinyiensis Zheng & Chen, 1980 

Vanmanenia xinyiensis Zheng & Chen, 1980: 94, fig. 5 (type 

locality: China: Guangdong: a moutain stream of West 

River in Xinyi Xian; syntypes: IHB 77VII070, 75, 77– 

79 [5], DBJU 77VII081, 90, 475 [3]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

9.1.3 Serpenticobitis zonata Kottelat, 1998 

Serpenticobitis zonata Kottelat, 1998a: 92, fig. 135 (type 

locality: Laos: Khammouan Province: Xe Bangfai basin: 

about 3 km upriver of Ban Pakphanang; 17°24'20"N 


-um) 

9.1.2 Serpenticobitis octozona, CMK 15675, 47.2 mm SL; Laos: 


9.1.3 Serpenticobitis zonata, ZRC uncat., 44.5 mm SL. (Photograph 

by Tan Heok Hui).

10 Nemacheilidae Regan, 1911 

Nemacheilinae Regan, 1911: 31 (type genus: Nemacheilus 

Bleeker, 1863a: 37) 

Adiposiidae Jordan, 1923: 145 (type genus: Adiposia Annandale 

& Hora, 1920: 182) 

Lefuini Prokofiev, 2010: 890 (type genus: Lefua Herzenstein, 

1888: 3) 

Yunnanilini Prokofiev, 2010: 890 (type genus: Yunnanilus 

Nichols, 1925b: 1) 

Triplophysini Prokofiev, 2010: 892 (type genus: Triplophysa 

Rendahl, 1933: 21 [indicated as "Triple-space 

Rendahl, 1933", treated as an incorrect subsequent spelling 

of Triplophysa]) 

Nomina nuda 

Gojeb Prokofiev, 2004b: 193 

Noemacheilus sikkimensis Mani, 1974: 671 

Noemacheilus lunanensis Li et al., 1999: 4, 5, 6 (nomen 

nudum; author indicated as Li & Xia, but does not seem 

to be published) 

Species inquirendae et incertae sedis 

Nemacheilus blythii Day, 1870a: 552 (type locality: unknown; 

syntypes: ZSI A.960 [2, lost], Whitehead & Talwar, 


Cobitis montanus Jerdon, 1849: 332 (type locality: India: 

Karnataka: a small stream in Coorg [Kodagu, 12°25'N 

75°45'E]; types: LU; if later treated as valid in Schistura, 

would become a junior secondary homonym of Schistura 

montana McClelland, 1838: 947; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

Schistura ocellata M'Clelland, 1839: 441 (type locality: India: 

Upper Assam; types: LU; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.1 Aborichthys Chaudhuri, 1913 

Aborichthys Chaudhuri, 1913: 244 (type species: Aborichthys 

kempi Chaudhuri, 1913: 245, by monotypy). Gender 

masculine. 

Nomen nudum 

Aborichthys bijulensis Tekriwal & Rao, 1999: 89 (nomen 

nudum; locality: India: Meghalaya: Garo Hills [near Tura; 

p. 36]) 

10.1.1 Aborichthys elongatus Hora, 1921 

Aborichthys elongatus Hora, 1921c: 735, fig. (type locality: 

India: Reang River, Darjeeling District; holotype: ZSI 

F 10087/1 [largest specimen, 74 mm SL]; secondary junior 

homonym of Nemachilus kungessanus elongatus 

Herzenstein, 1888: 44, when placed in Nemacheilus by 


Family NEMACHEILIDAE 

74 

Menon, 1999: 184; never replaced and not presently treated 

as congeneric, therefore replacement not needed [Code 

art. 59.2]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.1.2 Aborichthys garoensis Hora, 1925 

Aborichthys garoensis Hora, 1925: 233, figs. 2–4 (type locality: 

India: Assam: Garo Hills, Tura; holotype: ZSI 

F 10669/1; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Nomenclatural notes. Hora (1925) based his description 

on three specimens, one of which was designated as type 

specimen, thus it is the holotype. Its catalogue number was 

given as ZSI F 10669/1 and it was illustrated at natural size 

as fig. 1; the illustrated specimen is about 93 mm SL while 

the three types are 89.5, 89.3 and 85.8 mm SL. Under the 

same catalogue number, Menon & Yazdani (1968: 119) list 

two specimens as syntypes. The fate of the third specimen is 

apparently unknown. The holotype might be recognisable 

by comparaison with Hora's figure. 

10.1.3 Aborichthys kempi Chaudhuri, 1913 

Aborichthys kempi Chaudhuri, 1913: 245, pl. 7 figs. 1–1b 

(type locality: N.E. India: Abor Hills: Egar Stream between 

Renging and Rotung / Dihang River near Yembung 

/ Sirpo River near Renging; syntypes: ZSI F 7721/ 

1–7723/1 [3], 7725/1–7727/1 [3], 7769/1–7770/1 [2], 

7778/1–7779/1 & 7878/1–7879/1 & 8297/1–8298/1 [8], 


10.1.4 Aborichthys tikaderi Barman, 1985 

Aborichthys tikaderi Barman, 1985: 680, fig. 1 (type locality: 

India: Arunachal Pradesh: Namdapha Wildlife Sanctuary; 

holotype: ZSI FF 2135; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.2 Acanthocobitis Peters, 1861 

Acanthocobitis Peters, 1861: 712 (type species: Acanthocobitis 

longipinnis Peters, 1861: 712, by monotypy). Gender 

feminine. 

? Paracanthocobitis Grant, 2007c: 3 [also 2007d: unnumb. 

p. 51] (subgenus of Acanthocobitis Peters, 1861: 712; 

type species: Cobitis zonalternans Blyth, 1860: 172, by 


Taxonomic notes. Grant (2007c) distinguished Paracanthocobitis 

from Acanthocobitis. This was not based on examination 

of specimens but on literature, one live individual and 

photographs. The characters said to distinguish the two subgenera 

are variable within and between them (position, shape 

and size of the suborbital flap). Body shape (elongated body) 

is not conclusive since the ranges of body depth overlap. 

The number of branched dorsal-fin rays, related to elongated 

body, is also marginally overlapping. The position of the

anus is a real difference but partly linked to the elongated 

body. The shape of the caudal fin is the only clear-cut character. 

On the other hand, the hypothesis that A. pavonaceus 

(A. longipinnis) might be a lineage distinct from the other 

species placed in Acanthocobitis is not unreasonable, but 

the hypothesis should be addressed by a proper study, based 

on examination of specimens of all concerned species. To 

distinguish lineages (subgenera) assumes a phylogenetic analysis, 

which is missing. There is no benefit to use a name 

created for no taxonomically justifiable reason. 

Further, the identity of A. longipinnis (type species of 

Acanthocobitis) must be clarified. 

Incertae sedis 

10.2.1 Acanthocobitis longipinnis Peters, 1861 

Acanthocobitis longipinnis Peters, 1861: 712 (type locality: 

India: Ganges; holotype: ZMB 4795, Grant, 2007c: fig. 1; 


Taxonomic notes. Grant (2007c) considered A. longipinnis 

Peters, 1861 to be a synonym of A. pavonaceus. This was 

apparently based on examination of the literature, one living 

specimen and photographs of syntypes of Cobitis pavonacea 

(one figured, SMF 68, about 100 mm SL) and of the 

poorly preserved holotype of A. longipinnis (ZMB 4795, 

156 mm SL). I have not examined the mentioned specimens, 

but the photographs of the types published by Grant do not 

allow me to accept the synonymy without a demonstration. 

They show specimens differing in the shape of the body (body 

depth 19 % SL in the holotype of A. longipinnis, vs. 12 in 

the figured syntype of C. pavonacea), the length of the dorsal 

fin base (27 % SL, vs. 32; 1.6 times in the distance between 

the origins of the anal and pelvic fins, vs. 1.3) and the 

shape of the caudal peduncle (depth 2.1 times in its length, 

vs. 1.13). Some of these values may depend from ability to 

determine the position of the base of the first and last rays of 

the dorsal and anal fins from the photograph of A. longipinnis, 

but the proportions of the caudal peduncle do not suffer 

these reservations since they depend of bony structures (the 

vertebral column for the length and the hypural complex for 

the depth). The examination of a large series of specimens 

(including juveniles and adults) from a single locality is needed 

to understand morphological variability; the examination 

of several series from various localities is needed to understand 

geographic variability. The presented data suggest that 

two species might be involved, of which the identity of 

A. longipinnis is unclear. 

10.2.2 Acanthocobitis botia (Hamilton, 1822) 

Cobitis botia Hamilton, 1822: 350, 394 (type locality: India: 

"northeastern parts of Bengal" [Brahmaputra River 

at Goalpara; Hora, 1929: 318, 1935a: 49]; types: NT; 


1839: pl. 51 fig. 4; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Cobitis turio Hamilton, 1822: 358, 395 (type locality: India: 

Brahmaputra River [at Goalpara; Hora, 1935a: 49]; types: 

NT; Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced in 

M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 52 fig. 7; simultaneous subjective 

synonym of Cobitis botia Hamilton, 1822: 350; first reviser 

[Hora, 1935a: 52] gave precedence to C. botia; noun 


75 


Cobitis bilturio Hamilton, 1822: 358, 395 (type locality: 

India: "along with the 10th species" [=C. turio; Brahmaputra 

at Goalpara; Hora, 1935a: 49]; types: NT; Hamilton's 


pl. 51 fig. 6; simultaneous subjective synonym of Cobitis 

botia Hamilton, 1822: 350; first reviser [apparently 

Günther, 1868: 349] gave precedence to C. botia; simultaneous 

subjective synonym of Cobitis turio Hamilton, 

1822: 358; as first reviser, I give precedence to C. turio; 


Cobitis bimucronata M'Clelland, 1839: 304, 435, pl. 51 fig. 4 

(unnecessary replacement name for Cobitis botia Hamilton, 


Cobitis ocellata M'Clelland, 1839: 304, 436, pl. 51 fig. 6 

(unnecessary replacement name for Cobitis bilturio 

Hamilton, 1822: 358; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Cobitis gibbosa M'Clelland, 1839: 304, 436, pl. 52 fig. 7 

(unnecessary replacement name for Cobitis turio Hamilton, 


Cobitis monocera M'Clelland, 1839: 305, 438, pl. 52 fig. 2 

(type locality: India: Assam; types: LU; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

Cobites argentata Swainson, 1839: 310 (available by indication 

to Hamilton, 1822: 358, No. 10 [which is Cobitis 

turio]; type locality: India: Brahmaputra River [at Goalpara; 

Hora, 1935a: 49]; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished 

figure reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 52 

fig. 7; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Canthophrys unispina Swainson, 1839: 311 (available by 

indication to Hamilton, 1822: 350, No. 1 [which is Cobitis 

botia]; type locality: India: "northeastern parts of Bengal" 

[Brahmaputra River at Goalpara; Hora, 1929: 318, 

1935: 49]; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced 

in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 51 fig. 4; compound 


Cobitis arenata Valenciennes, in Jacquemont, 1839: pl. 15 

fig. 1 (type locality: India; holotype: MNHN 3811, Fang, 

1943: 404, Daget, 1984: 512; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Nemachilus mackenziei Chaudhuri, 1910b: 183 (type locality: 

India: Uttar Pradesh: Cheriyadang near Kathgodam / 

Jaulasal in Naini Tal District / Bengal: Jharai and Jamwari 

Nadi near Siripur, Saran / Jhil at Purnahia, P. O. 

Ghorasan, Champaran District; syntypes [total 12]: ZSI 

F 2017/1 [1], F 4170/1–4171/1 [2], F 4172/1–4173/1 [2], 


10.2.3 Acanthocobitis mandalayensis (Rendahl, 1948) 

Nemacheilus rubidipinnis mandalayensis Rendahl, 1948: 21, 

fig. 7 A, B (type locality: Burma: Mandalay; holotype: 

NRM 13179 [ex MAL/1935139.3179], Kottelat, 1990a: 

30]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. I earlier treated A. mandalayensis as a 

synonym of A . botia (Kottelat, 1990a: 29), on the basis of 

the material then available. I have since examined a number 

of samples and photographs of A. botia from the Brahmaputra, 

Ganges and Indus drainages. Acanthocobitis mandalayensis 

is distinguished from both A. botia and A. rubidipinnis 

by a unique colour pattern (Kottelat, 2012a: 50, fig. 5).

10.1.1 Aborichthys elongatus, CMK 18565, 52.3 mm SL; India: 

Brahmaputra drainage: Tista. 

10.2.5 Acanthocobitis pavonacea, CMK 5927, 60.6 mm SL; India: 

Brahmaputra drainage: Dibru. 

10.2.4 Acanthocobitis mooreh (Sykes, 1839) 

Cobitis Mooreh Sykes, 1839a: 162 (type locality: India: 

Deccan [Mota Mola River at Poona; Sykes, 1841: 366 

[Pune, 18°28'N 73°48'E]]; types: NT; also in Sykes, 

1839b: 59, 1841: 366; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Nemacheilus sinuatus Day, 1870b: 371 (type locality: India: 

Wynaad; syntypes: probably BMNH 1870.5.2.17– 


Nemacheilus aureus Day, 1872: 184 (type locality: India: 

Jabbalpúr; syntypes: ZSI 2574 [lost], BMNH 

1889.2.1.1587–1590 [4], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 


10.2.5 Acanthocobitis pavonacea (M'Clelland, 1839) 

Cobitis pavonacea M'Clelland, 1839: 305, 437, pl. 52 fig. 1 

(type locality: India: Assam; syntypes: ? SMF 68 [1], 

9070 [1], 9090 [1], 9091 [1], Grant, 2007c: fig. 5; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.2.6 Acanthocobitis pictilis Kottelat, 2012 

Acanthocobitis pictilis Kottelat, 2012a: 45, fig. 1 (type locality: 

Myanmar: Kayin State: stream 'Chon Son' between 

Kyondaw and Phadaw, about 20 km northwest of 

Payathouzu (at border with Thailand near Chedi Sam 

Ong, Three Pagoda Pass); approx. 15°25'N 98°15'E; 

holotype: MHNG 2727.066; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.2.7 Acanthocobitis rubidipinnis (Blyth, 1860) 

Cobitis rubidipinnis Blyth, 1860: 170 (type locality: Burma: 

Rangoon [original type locality: Burma: Tenasserim 

provinces]; neotype: NRM 13743 [ex NRM MAL 

1935809.3743], designated by Kottelat, 1990a: 35; noun 


Cobitis semizonata Blyth, 1860: 171 (type locality: Burma: 

Rangoon [original type locality: Burma: Tenasserim provinces]; 

neotype: NRM 13743 [ex MAL/1935809.3743], 

designated by Kottelat, 1990a: 35; simultaneous objective 

synonym of Cobitis rubidipinnis Blyth, 1860: 170; 

first reviser [apparently Day, 1878a: 614] gave precedence 

to C. rubidipinnis; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 


76 

10.2.9 Acanthocobitis zonalternans, CMK 14633, 40.0 mm SL; 

Thailand: Salween drainage: Mae Nam Moei. 

10.2.6 Acanthocobitis pictilis, CMK 17509, 69.6 mm SL. 

10.2.8 Acanthocobitis urophthalma (Günther, 1868) 

Nemachilus urophthalmus Günther, 1868: 348 (type locality: 

Southern Ceylon; syntypes: BMNH 1864.7.11.35– 

36 [2]; compound adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.2.9 Acanthocobitis zonalternans (Blyth, 1860) 

? Cobitis chlorosoma M'Clelland, 1839: 305, 437, pl. 52 

fig. 3 (type locality: India: Upper Assam; types: LU; noun 


Cobitis zonalternans Blyth, 1860: 172 (type locality: Thailand: 

Tak Province: Huai Mae Charno, 4 km south of 

Amphoe Mae Ramat, 16°58'N 98°34'E [original type 

locality: Burma: Tenasserim provinces]; neotype: ZSM 

27468, designated by Kottelat, 1990a: 42; participle, indeclinable) 

? Noemacheilus phuketensis Klausewitz, 1957a: 195, fig. 1, 

pl. 18 fig. 1 (type locality: Thailand: Phuket Island; holotype: 

SMF 3966; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Several species are presently confused 

under the name A. zonalternans. 

10.3 Afronemacheilus Golubtsov & Prokofiev, in Prokofiev, 

2009 

Afronemacheilus Golubtsov & Prokofiev, in Prokofiev, 2009b: 

881 (type species: Nemachilus abyssinicus Boulenger, 

1902: 437, by original designation). Gender masculine. 

Nomen nudum 

Afronemacheilus kaffa Prokofiev, 2010: 841, 844, 870 

(nomen nudum) 

10.3.1 Afronemacheilus abyssinicus (Boulenger, 1902) 

Nemachilus abyssinicus Boulenger, 1902: 437 (type locality: 

Ethiopia: Lake Tana: Behardar; holotype: BMNH 

1902.12.13.435; adjective, -us, -a, -um)

10.3.1 Afronemacheilus abyssinicus, 39.7 mm SL; Ethiopia: Lake 

Tana: Blue Nile source. (Photograph by Alexander Golubtsov). 

10.4 Barbatula Linck, 1790 

Barbatula Linck, 1790: 38 (type species: Cobitis barbatula 

Linnaeus, 1758: 303, by absolute tautonymy). Gender 

feminine. 

Cobites Swainson, 1839: 190, 310 (type species: Cobitis 

barbatula Linnaeus, 1758: 303, by monotypy). Gender 

feminine. 

Orthrias Jordan & Fowler, 1903: 769 (type species: Orthrias 

oreas Jordan & Fowler, 1903: 769, by original designation). 


Nomenclatural notes. Bis repetita placent. Linck (1790) 

proposed a classification of fishes based on teeth. He split 

the Cobitis of previous authors into two genera: Cobitis and 

Barbatula. Linck used the binominal system and Barbatula 

is clearly intended as a generic name. Linck included a single 

species in Cobitis (C. heteroclita, p. 33) and two species 

in Barbatula (C. barbatula, C. taenia). Although there is no 

generic diagnosis, the name is available by indication [Code 

art. 12.2.5] as two available names are included. Linck wrote: 

"Barbatula. Hierher gehören Cobitis Barbatula Taenia" 

[Barbatula. Here belong [plural] Cobitis Barbatula Taenia]. 

Some have argued that "Cobitis Barbatula Taenia" means 

that only one species was included, that this species is 

C. taenia and that C. taenia is type species of Barbatula. 

This is erroneous. Linck used "gehören" [belong], which is 

a plural and means that the subject of the verb is a plural, 

thus that he placed more than one species in Barbatula, and 

that these species are barbatula and taenia. If he had included 

a single species he would have used the singular "gehört" 

[belongs]. Therefore C. barbatula is type species of Barbatula 

by absolute tautonymy. 

Today, "Cobitis Barbatula Taenia" may appear as a 

strange combination but not in the context of the late 18 th 

century, when there were no nomenclature rules, when writing 

was less formalised, and when typographical or typesetting 

errors were not rare. 

Some authors have attributed the authorship of Barbatula 

to Jordan (1917: 49). As seen from the above, this is not 

correct. In addition, a 'Barbatula Jordan, 1917' would be a 

junior homonym of Barbatula Lesson, 1837: 292 (in Aves) 

and is not available (Some authors refer to Lesson, 1831: 

164 but Barbatula is not used in that work, only the vernacular 

name 'barbion'). 

10.4.1 Barbatula altayensis Zhu, 1992 

Barbatula altayensis Zhu, 1992: 241, figs. 1–2 (type locality: 

China: Xinjiang: Kelang He, tributary of Ertix He [Irtysh], 

near Altay City, 47°52'N 88°06'E; holotype: NGI 



77 

10.4.2 Barbatula barbatula, CMK 16892, 56.8 mm SL; Switzerland: 

Jura: Rhône drainage. 

10.4.13 Barbatula sturanyi, CMK 19463, 45.4 mm SL. 

10.4.2 Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758) 

Cobitis Barbatula Linnaeus, 1758: 303 (based on specimens 

and Artedi [1738: gen. 2 [4], syn. 2, Cobitis tota glabra 

...] and Linnaeus [1746: 125, n. 332, idem]; type locality: 

Europae, Asiae, aquis dulcibus; syntypes: NRM 68 [3], 

Fernholm & Wheeler, 1983: 282 [listed as non-types], 

Lundberg & Svanberg, 2010: 157, fig. 4; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable [species names with capitalized initial 

in Linnaeus (1758) are nouns]) 

Cobitis Barbatula Parisiensis La Pylaie, 1835: 534 (nomen 

nudum; locality: France: Paris) 

Cobitis Barbatula Pictava La Pylaie, 1835: 534 (nomen 

nudum; locality: France) 

Cobitis furstenbergii Bonaparte, 1846: 26 (nomen nudum; 

locality: eastern Germany [probably now Poland]) 

Cobitis Fürstenbergii Heckel & Kner, 1858: 301 (cited in 

synonymy, name not available; author indicated as "Fitzinger 

(Prodr. Faun. Austr.)", which apparently is Fitzinger 

[1832], but the name does not appear in this work) 

Cobitis pironae Nardo, 1866: 143 (type locality: Italy: Basso 

Friuli; type material: NT ?; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Cobitis variabilis Günther, 1868: 355 (on a label in collection, 

listed in synonymy, name not available; locality: 

Czechia: Moravia) 

Nemachilus barbatulus var. taurica Kessler, 1877: 171, 271 

(type locality: Ukraine: Crimea: Salgir River; syntypes: 

ZISP 3029 [3], 3032 [3], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; 


? Nemachilus barbatulus caucasicus Berg, 1899: 26, 67 (type 

locality: Russia: Chechnya: Argun River, a tributary of 

Terek; types: LU; adjective, -us, -a, -um)

Nemachilus barbatulus vardarensis Karaman, 1928: 164 

(type locality: FYROM: Vardar River drainage; syntypes: 

MMNHS, lost; also in Karaman, 1929: 173; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

Nemacheilus barbatulus aberr. erythrinna Berg, 1933: 550 

(infrasubspecific, name not available) 

Nemacheilus barbatulus forma anglicana Băcescu-Mester, 

1967: 369 (infrasubspecific, name not available; locality: 

England: Cambridge River) 

Nemacheilus barbatulus forma blackiana Băcescu-Mester, 

1967: 369 (infrasubspecific, name not available; locality: 

England: Black Beck River) 

Taxonomic notes. Nemachilus barbatulus caucasicus is 

often treated as a valid subspecies of B. barbatula, but up to 

now its status does not seem to have been critically evaluated. 

Nomenclatural notes. Barbatula is usually treated as an 

adjective but in fact it is a noun and indeclinable. 

The article with the description of N. b. caucasicus had 

been issued in two versions, in Russian and in German. The 

German version is sometimes dated 1898. The preface is 

dated May 1899, so that publication year cannot be 1898. 

10.4.3 ? Barbatula cobdonensis (Gundriser, 1973) 

Nemachilus cobdonensis Gundriser, 1973: 77 (type locality: 

Russia: Tuva Republic: Lakes Khintiktig-Khol 

[50.35°N 89.83°E] and Ak-Khol [50°15'11"N 

89°36'01"E] and Mogen-Buren River, basin of Kobdo 

River [Khovd]; syntypes [36]: LU, Prokofiev, 2003a: 700; 


Taxonomic notes. Prokofiev (2003a: 700) commented that 

there are two species of nemacheilids in the Mogen Buren 

system near Mugur-Aksy [50°23'N 90°26'E], one he identified 

as B. toni and the other he described as B. golubtsovi. 

He commented that, judging from the information in the original 

description, the type series of N. cobdoensis seems to 

include two species. Because the whereabouts of the type 

series are not known, and because the later description and 

photograph in Gundriser (1979: 27–30) do not fit with his 

B. golubtsovi, he concluded that either N. cobdonensis is 

identical with his B. 'toni' or belongs to a third species. As 

discussed below, I consider B. toni to be restricted to the 

Amur drainage. The name B. cobdonensis is available for 

the B. 'toni' endemic to the Khovd drainage. This will be 

fixed later by a neotype designation. 

10.4.4 ? Barbatula compressirostris (Warpachowski, 1897) 

Nemachilus compressirostris Warpachowski, 1897: 270, pl. 

11 figs. 1–3 (type locality: Russia (?): Ob drainage, lakes 

in northwestern Mongolia; syntypes: ZISP 11298 [2]; 


Taxonomic notes. Nemachilus compressirostris was originally 

based on two specimens from "lakes in northwestern 

Mongolia" in a paper on fishes of the Ob River drainage 

(Warpachowski, 1897). Warpachowski also commented that 

the specimens came from the same lakes as Oreoleuciscus 

potanini. These specimens were obtained for the Nizhniy 

Novgorod Fisheries Exhibition in 1896. It is not clear (to 

me) if this was intended to mean the same lakes as the 

O. potanini specimens mentioned in the same paper (p. 263: 


78 

Russia: Altai: Kosh Agash, 50°59'30"N 88°40'00"E, in Ob 

drainage) or those lakes from which O. potanini was known 

in Mongolia at that time. I had earlier (Kottelat, 2006: 51, 

103) concluded that the type locality was in western Mongolia, 

more precisely in the Khovd basin, and that it could 

potentially be a senior synonym of B. golubtsovi, which now 

seems unlikely. This nominal species is considered to be a 

synonym of B. toni by, e.g. Prokofiev (2007a: 17). I consider 

here B. toni to be restricted to the Amur drainage. The 

identity of B. compressirostris can be established only when 

comparison material becomes available for all three drainages 

in that area (upper Ob, upper Yenisei and Khovd). Its 

identity must be tested against B. tomiana, B. markakulensis 

and B. cobdoensis. 

10.4.5 Barbatula dgebuadzei (Prokofiev, 2003) 

Orthrias dgebuadzei Prokofiev, 2003a: 730, fig. 2 [p. 700 

of translation] (type locality: Mongolia: Zag River, Baidrag-Gol 

drainage; holotype: ZISP 52051; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

10.4.6 Barbatula golubtsovi (Prokofiev, 2003) 

Orthrias golubtsovi Prokofiev, 2003a: 727, fig. 1 [p. 698 of 

translation] (type locality: Russia: Tuva Republic: Chedi-Tei 

River, outflow of Ak-Khol Lake [50°15'11"N 

89°36'01"E], Mogen-Buren drainage part of Kobdo 

drainage, about 60 km west of Mugur-Aksy [50°23'N 

90°26'E]; holotype: ZISP 52251; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Molecular data suggests this species belong 

to Triplophysa (V. Šlechtová, pers. comm.). 

10.4.7 ? Barbatula markakulensis (Menshikov, 1939) 

Nemacheilus barbatulus markakulensis Menshikov, 1939: 

141, fig. (type locality: Kazakhstan: Lake Marka-kul, Irtysh 

drainage; syntypes: ZISP 26864 [6+], Eschmeyer & 

Fricke, 2010; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. See under B. toni. 

10.4.8 Barbatula nuda (Bleeker, 1864) 

Nemacheilus nudus Bleeker, 1864c: 12 (type locality: Mongolia 

[p. 13, but 'brought from China' on p. 14; apparently 

China: Hebei: Chongli County: Siwantse [Xiwanzi], 

40°58'25"N 115°16'22"E; see below]; holotype: MNHN 

1450, Fang, 1941: 253, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 98; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

? Nemachilus pechiliensis Fowler, 1899: 181 (type locality: 

China: Pechili: Tan Lan Ho, tributary of Shu Lan Ho, 

about 30 miles northeast of Lama-Miau or Dolon-Nor 

[Nei Mongol: Duolun County: Duolun-Nuur, 42°11'22"N 

116°28'24"E] [Pechili [Zhili], name of a former province]; 

holotype: ANSP 16394 [missing, Böhlke, 1984: 

63]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

? Barbatula toni fowleri Nichols, 1925b: 3 (type locality: 

China: Chihli Province: Eastern Tombs [now Hebei: Zunhua, 

40°11'N 117°58'E; Chihli [Zhili], name of a former 

province]; holotype: AMNH 8409; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Barbatula stoliczkai shansi Nichols, 1925b: 6 (type locality: 

China: Shansi [now in Nei Monggol]: Mai-tai-chao,

42 miles east of Paotow [Baotou, 40°40'N 109°50'E]; 

holotype: AMNH 8412; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

? Barbatula toni kirinensis Tchang, 1932a: 115, fig. 2 (China: 

Kirin [= Jilin Province]; holotype: ZMFIB 7931; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. The identity of N. nudus Bleeker (1864c) 

is not clear; authors have placed it as a senior synonym of 

either B. toni (Dybowski, 1869; sensu lato) or Triplophysa 

stolickai (Steindachner, 1866). In the last 30 years Chinese 

and Korean authors (e.g. Zhu, 1989: 29; Wang et al., 2001: 

168; Kim, 1997: 283) have used the name B. nuda for the 

B. toni of earlier authors and B. nuda became the same catchall 

name (see under B. toni). The type locality of B. nuda is 

usually listed as Mongolia. Indeed, Bleeker (1864c: 13) indicated 

the type locality as Mongolia, which at that time could 

have meant present-day Mongolia, or Nei Mongol and Xinjiang 

provinces of China, or some other place in northern 

China. But on p. 14, he wrote "described from a single specimen 

and brought from China by the missionary David". This 

holotype still exists (MNHN 1450, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 

98); I examined it in the early 1980s, before I became familiar 

with the East Asian Barbatula; since then, I have not had 

an opportunity to compare it side by side with Chinese, 

Mongolian or Korean material identified as B. nuda. Nevertheless, 

it is not conspecific with B. toni as recognised here 

(restricted to upper Amur drainage). 

The specimen was collected by Armand David (27 September 

1826–10 November 1900; for a biography, see Boutan, 

1993). David was a catholic missionary and stayed in 

China from 1862 to 1874 and visited various areas of the 

country. He travelled in 'southern Mongolia' [now in Nei 

Mongol Province of China] for the first time in 1866 (David, 

1867–1868; Scott, 2004: 70). As Bleeker described 

B. nuda in 1864, the specimen had been collected earlier. 

But, at that time Mongolia was a complex entity. A Greater 

Mongolia was administered as Outer Mongolia [now more 

or less corresponding to Mongolia], Inner Mongolia [now 

more or less corresponding to Nei Mongol] and a number of 

leagues (former Mongolian administrative units) and banners 

(Mongolian/Chinese military and administrative units) 

in various adjacent provinces of China. The provinces, leagues 

and banners were overlapping but the limits of their 

respective jurisdictions were not always identical. 

David's first travel, in 1862, was a brief visit of the area 

of Siwantze, 25 km northeast of Kalgan [Zhangjiakou, 

40°49'N 114°53'E, 160 km northwest of Beijing]. Although 

in then Zhili Province, Zhangjiakou was seat of the military 

commander of the Eight Banners of Chahar, part of Greater 

Mongolia. Siwantze is Xiwanzi [40°58'25"N 115°16'22"E], 

now in Chongli County in Hebei Province. In the catholic 

administration, Siwantze was the see of a diocese (an administrative 

unit), at David's time called the Apostolic Vicariate 

of Mongolia. It was reasonable for a catholic missionary 

to label material from Xiwanzi as from 'Mongolia'. 

In 1863, David explored the mountains bordering the west 

of the plain of Beijing; this cannot be called 'Mongolia'. In 

1864, David travelled in Jehol, north-east of Beijing (map 

in David, 1875), and this was too late to have material arrived 

in MNHN and described by Bleeker in 1864. Jehol is 

a former Chinese province that included part of today's He- 


79 

bei, Shanxi and Nei Mongol Provinces. This excludes 

present-day Mongolia as the type locality and suggest that 

the holotype originates from the area of Xiwanzi. 

Bleeker (1864c) explicitly stated that his description of 

N. nudus was based on a specimen 115 mm TL in MNHN. 

Fang (1941: 253) commented that MNHN has four specimens 

labelled "Nemacheilus nudus, Blkr.; Mongolie: Abbé 

David, 1863; fishes that live in the high valleys". Fang mentioned 

that two of these specimens are the "types" of N. nudus 

(MNHN 1450); the other two he described as N. bertini 

(then MNHN 3800, now MNHN 3800 and B.2640). The 

two specimens in MNHN 1450 are the holotype and a nontype 

specimen of N. nudus (now possibly MNHN 3813). 

Herzenstein (1888: 21), Rendahl (1933: 46) and Prokofiev 

(2003a: 703) discussed ZISP 4471 received from MNHN 

as N. nudus from Sichuan. Fang (1941: 253) explained that 

this specimen had been taken from a jar labelled "Nemacheilus 

nudus Blkr.; Sse-chuan Occid.; R. P. A. David, 1870– 

58". He described the remaining 11 specimens (MNHN 6287) 

as Nemacheilus angeli. 

I have examined a number of samples previously identified 

as B. nuda from northern China (see Kottelat, 2006: 

53). They represent several species of Barbatula and Triplophysa; 

at some localities two species occur in sympatry. 

Names are probably available for some of them (see synonymy), 

but others are apparently still undescribed. Without 

access to more material from more localities it is not possible 

to clarify how many species are involved and what are 

their diagnostic characters, so as to determine which is the 

real B. nuda. 

10.4.9 Barbatula oreas (Jordan & Fowler, 1903) 

Orthrias oreas Jordan & Fowler, 1903: 769, fig. 2 (type locality: 

Japan: Hokkaido: Chitose, in Iburi; holotype: "the 

museum at Sapparo"; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

10.4.10 Barbatula potaninorum (Prokofiev, 2007) 

Orthrias potaninorum Prokofiev, 2007a: 65, fig. 18 (type 

locality: "China ? (exact location not given on label; according 

to the itinerary of the expedition - Northern China, 

Gan’su Province at the border with Mongolia, upper 

part of the Edzin-Gol River system - Fig. 23)" [China ?: 

Gansu: Edsin-Gol [Ejin, Ejina He, Eiin, Hei-He, Ruo- 

Shui; a river flowing north to endorheic Gaxun Nuur (Juyan 

Lake), 42°25'20"N 100°40'07"E]]; holotype: ZISP 

"8121" [erroneous]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.4.11 Barbatula quignardi (Bacescu-Mester, 1967) 

Noemacheilus barbatulus quignardi Băcescu-Mester, 1967: 

359, figs. 1, 5c–d (type locality: France: Le Lez stream 

near Montpellier; holotype: MGAB 77; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Nemacheilus barbatulus forma hispanica Băcescu-Mester, 

1967: 369, fig. 6a–b (infrasubspecific, name not available; 

locality: Spain: Nervion River at Durango / Tajo River) 

Nemacheilus barbatulus hispanica Lelek, 1987: 256 (available 

by indication to Băcescu-Mester, 1967; type locality: 

Spain: Nervion River at Durango / Tajo River; syntypes: 

MGAB [11, material used by Băcescu-Mester, 

1967: 369]; adjective, -us, -a, -um)

10.4.8 Barbatula ‘nuda’, China: Jilin: Antu. Two syntopic species. 

Above, with numerous papillae on body (ASIZB 132651, 

75.4 mm SL, possibly real B. nuda); below, with smooth body 

(ASIZB 132648, 101.6 mm SL; topotype of B. kirinensis). See 

also differences in nostrils and respective positions of dorsal and 

pelvic fins. 

10.4.8 Barbatula nuda, MNHN 1450, 115 mm TL, holotype; China: 

Hebei: Xiwanzi. 

10.4.12 Barbatula sawadai (Prokofiev, 2007) 

Orthrias sawadai Prokofiev, 2007a: 84, fig. 26 (type locality: 

Mongolia: Yenisei River drainage: Lake Baikal basin: 

Selenge River system: Ero River catchment: stream 

Uram; holotype: ZISP 52054; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.4.13 Barbatula sturanyi (Steindachner, 1892) 

Nemachilus Sturanyi Steindachner, 1892a: 131 (type locality: 

FYROM: Lake Ohrid at Pestani, between Ohrid City 

and Sveti Naum Monastery; also in Steindachner, 1892b: 

378, pl. 2 fig. 3; holotype: NMW 48440; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

10.4.14 Barbatula tomiana (Ruzsky, 1920) 

? Nemacheilus sibiricus Gratzianow, 1907: 167, 168 (type 

locality: Russia: Altay: Bija [Biya] River near Bijsk 

[Biysk; 52°31'30"N 85°13'30'E]; syntypes: ZMMU 

P-2532 [3], Vasil'eva et al., in Pavlinov & Borissenko, 


Nemacheilus barbatulus tomianus Ruzsky, 1920: 36, figs. 

1–2 (type locality: Russia: Siberia: Tomsk oblast: Tom 

River at Tomsk, Kuznetsk and Kondoma / brook Kanzas, 

a right-hand tributary of Balyk-Su, upper reaches of 

Tom River / Ushayka River / Kislovka River near 

Tomsk / upper Torsya / upper reaches of Ob itself in area 

of Altay (rivers Katun, Cherga, Ursul, Charysh) / in Yenissei 

(rivers Abakan and Minusinka); syntypes: LU; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

? Barbatula barbatula toni morpha tigris Gundriser, 1975: 

24 (infrasubspecific, name not available; locality: Russia: 

Tuva: lake and bassin of Ii-Kem River [maybe Khemchik, 

in Yenisei drainage; 51°16'40"N 90°47'00"E ?]) 

Taxonomic notes. See under B. toni. 

10.4.15 Barbatula toni (Dybowski, 1869) 

Cobitis Toni Dybowski, 1869: 957, pl. 18 fig. 10 (type locality: 

"common in both river systems" [Russia: Zabaykal- 


80 

10.4.14 Barbatula tomiana, CMK 22367, 118.2 mm SL; Russia: 

Altai: Ob drainage: Sema. 

10.4.15 Barbatula toni, CMK 19616, 79.9 mm SL; Mongolia: 

Amur drainage: Onon. 

sky Krai [Transbaikal]: Onon and Ingoda Rivers, Amur 

River drainage]; syntypes: ZISP ?, MNHN B.738 [8], 

B.739 [4], NMW 50473 [2], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 98, 

Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Obviously a heterogeneous assemblage 

of several species. Considered as a subspecies of B. barbatula 

by Prokofiev (2003a, 2007a) but the scale of analysis is 

not detailed enough to be informative. Prokofiev (2007a) 

recognised a subspecies B. b. toni extending from Japan to 

the Urals, with a broad range of morphological variation. I 

identify as B. toni the species that seems to be restricted to 

the upper Amur drainage (the type locality), recognised by 

the backward position of the dorsal fin, the sharply decreasing 

body depth behind the dorsal-fin base, and the distinctive 

colour pattern with very irregular bars across the back, 

on a yellowish background (see, e.g. Bogutskaya et al., 2008: 

339; Kottelat, 2006: 99). I have examined B. 'toni' only from 

a few places of its range and I have not yet a complete overview 

of its variability. But my observations on populations 

from Mongolia, Korea and northern China show that the 

Selenge (Yenisei drainage) has a distinct species (figured as 

"B. b. t. infrasubsp. tomianus" by Berg, 1933: 552, 1948: 

871). I tentatively retain the name B. tomiana for it, but 

N. sibiricus might be an older available name. The B. 'toni' 

from the upper Irtysh (Bulgan River) in Mongolia is distinct 

and I tentatively retain the name B. markakulensis for it; this 

remains to be confirmed by comparison with fresh material 

from Markakul Lake. The B. toni from the eastern slope of 

Korea (e.g. Kim & Park, 2007: 193) is apparently the same 

as the unnamed species figured by Bogutskaya et al. (2008: 

339) and possibly conspecific with populations from Hokkaido, 

then B. oreas is the oldest name availabe for it. See 

under B. nuda for populations from the western slope of 

Korea and northern China. 

10.4.16 Barbatula zetensis (Soric, 2001) 

Orthrias barbatulus zetensis Šorić, 2001: 66, fig. 1 (type 

locality: Montenegro: Vis brook near Vis village, 5–6 km 

west of Danilovgrad, tributary of Zeta River; holotype: 

BIKU; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.5 Claea Kottelat, 2011 

Oreias Sauvage, 1874: 334 (type species: Oreias dabryi Sau-

10.5.1 Claea dabryi, CMK 13064, 67.8 mm SL; China: Sichuan: 

Yangtze drainage: Yalong. 

10.5.1 Claea dabryi, MNHN 6276, about 122 mm SL, holotype; 

China: Sichuan: Yangtze drainage: Dengchigou. 

vage, 1874: 334, by monotypy; a junior synonym of 

Oreias Kaup, 1829: 177, 193 in Aves and Oreias Temminck, 

in Temminck & Laugier de Chartrouse, 1839: 108 

in Aves). Gender feminine. 

Claea Kottelat, 2011a: 384 (replacement name for Oreias 

Sauvage, 1874: 334). Gender feminine. 

10.5.1 Claea dabryi (Sauvage, 1874) 

Oreias dabryi Sauvage, 1874: 334 (type locality: China: eastern 

Tibet: torrent at Yao-Tchy [Sichuan: Yaoji, Qiaoji, 

Qiaoqi, 30°41'53"N 102°44'48"E; in fact apparently 

Baoxing County: Dengchigou, 30°32'07"N 102°56'28"E; 

see below; David, 1874: 42, 73]; holotype: MNHN 6276, 

Bertin & Estève, 1948: 99, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1976: 

187, figs. 1–4, pl. 1 fig. 1 [plate shows holotype apparently 

reconstructed or in one piece; now broken, head 

connected to body only by intestine]; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Oreias crassipedunculatus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1976: 189, 

figs. 9–12, pl. 1 fig. 4, pl. 2 fig. 7 (type locality: China: 

Yunnan: Chatung; holotype: USNM 94731; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Oreias furcatus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1976: 188, figs. 5–8, 

pl. 1 figs. 2–3, pl. 2 figs. 6, 8 (type locality: China: Sichuan: 

Tsao Po, near Kuan-shien [according to USNM 

catalogue] [Kuan-hsien, Guanxian, Dujiangyan County; 

30°59'27"N 103°36'32"E]; holotype: USNM 130128; 


Taxonomic notes. This species is placed in Schistura by Zhu 

(1989) and Zhou & Cui (1993). The type locality of both 

Claea dabryi and the sisorid catfish Chimarrichthys davidi 

Sauvage, 1874 is given as Yao-Tchy [Yaoji, Qiaoqi]. The 

specimens were collected by A. David in 1869. David was in 

Mouping [Muping] (an independant Tibetan princedom) from 

1 March to 22 November 1869. Muping more or less corresponds 

to present Baoxing County in Sichuan. David published 

a narrative of his stay in Muping and a day-by-day 

description of his movements, activities and collections (David, 

1874). He stayed at the catholic mission in Dengchigou 

(30°32'07"N 102°56'28"E); he was repeatedly ill and with a 


81 

10.6.1 Draconectes narinosus, MHNG 2730.080, 24.7 mm SL, 

holotype; Vietnam: Ha Long Bay: cave on Dáo Van Giò island. 


10.7.1 Dzihunia amudarjensis, ZISP 23898, 65 mm SL; Uzbekistan: 

Amu-Darya estuary; syntype of Nemachilus choresmi. (Photograph 

by A. Prokofiev). 

10.8.2 Eonemachilus nigromaculatus, YU 720, 69.5 mm SL; China: 

Yunnan: Lake Dianchi. 

single exception he only made one-day trips around Dengchigou, 

all on foot. Although he seems to have walked very 

far and hunting on the way, he does not seem to have been to 

Qiaoqi (at least 25 km away). Local hunters brought him 

various material from Qiaoqi but he did not report receiving 

fishes from there. But he mentioned (1874: 42) that his hunters 

brought him two fish species from "our torrent" [implied, 

the torrent in Dengchigou], chepadze ("a siluroid that stucks 

on stones using its flat belly, of which it makes a sucker"; 

apparently Chimarrichthys davidi) and si-yu (a cyprinid, likely 

a schizothoracine). On p. 66, he mentioned that the fish 

had decayed and, on p. 73, that on 9 October 1869 he collected 

again, himself, in Dengchigou, the chepadze and silien-yu 

and two small species of loaches. One of the loaches 

is most likely C. dabryi. Page 75, David mentioned that a 

man sent to fish in the river of "Ta-hong-miao", 2 days away, 

did not bring anything new. I consider that the type locality 

of Cl. dabryi and Ch. davidi is Dengchigou, not Qiaoqi. 

10.5.2 Claea niulanjiangensis (Chen, Lu & Mao, 2006) 

Schistura niulanjiangensis Chen, Lu & Mao, 2006: 54, fig. 

(type locality: China: Yunnan: Zhanyi County: Niulan 

River (25°59'N 103°36'E) [Yangtze drainage]; holotype: 

FACQR 9206085; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.6 Draconectes Kottelat, 2012 

Draconectes Kottelat, 2012b: 342 (type species: Draconectes 

narinosus Kottelat, 2012b: 342, by original designation). 


10.6.1 Draconectes narinosus Kottelat, 2012 

Draconectes narinosus Kottelat, 2012b: 342, fig. 1 (type 

locality: Vietnam: Quang Ninh Province: Ha Long Bay:

island Dáo Van Giò: phreatic lake in cave Dông Duc Tiên, 

20°50.34'N 107°16.77'E; holotype: MHNG 2730.080; 


10.7 Dzihunia Prokofiev, 2001 

Dzihunia Prokofiev, 2001b: 209 (type species: Nemacheilus 

amudarjensis Rass, 1929: 253, by original designation). 


10.7.1 Dzihunia amudarjensis (Rass, 1929) 

Nemachilus amudarjensis Rass, 1929: 253, figs. 1–2 (type 

locality: Amu-Darya (Oxus) near Termes [Uzbekistan: 

Termez; 37°13'N 67°17'E], near Tschardschui [Turkemenistan: 

Chardjui, Chardzhou, now Türkmenabat; 

39°05'N 63°34'E] and upper reaches; syntypes: ZMMU 

2554 [14], ZISP 22042 [2], 20715 [2], 20732 [2]; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

Nemachilus amudarjensis choresmi Berg, 1932a: 149, fig. 2 

(type locality: Uzbekistan: Amu-Darya estuary, about 10 

km from confluence of Taldyk [43°42'N 59°12'E] and 

Medeli arms; syntypes [5]: ZISP 23866 [1], 23867 [1], 

23868 [1], 23898 [2], Prokofiev, 2001b: 210, Eschmeyer 

& Fricke, 2010; also in Berg, 1932b: 559, fig. 490; 


10.7.2 Dzihunia ilan (Turdakov, 1936) 

Nemachilus amudarjensis ilan Turdakov, 1936: 207, 210, 

figs. 3a-b, 4 (type locality: Uzbekistan: Samarkand Province: 

Kara-Darya near Dagbit [Dagbid, Daxbet, Dahbed, 

11 km from Samarkand, 39°45'50"N 66°54'45"E], a tributary 

of Zeravshan River below Samarkand [39°39'15"N 

66°57'35"E]; lectotype: ZISP 30501, designated by Prokofiev, 

2009b: 891; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

10.7.3 Dzihunia turdakovi Prokofiev, 2003 

Dzihunia turdakovi Prokofiev, 2003c: 57, figs. 1–2 (type 

locality: Kyrgyzstan: Ters River, Talas basin; holotype: 

ZISP 36723; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.8 Eonemachilus Berg, 1938 

Eonemachilus Berg, 1938: 314 (type species: Nemacheilus 

nigromaculatus Regan, 1904: 192, by original designation). 


Taxonomic notes. Some authors have recognised a Y. nigromaculatus 

group within Yunnanilus (e.g. Chen, Yang & 

Yang, 2012). Within this group, Y. nigromaculatus and 

Y. yangzonghaiensis are very conspicuous, with a deep body, 

mouth terminal and somewhat upturned, a colour pattern of 

bold dark bars or elongated blotches on a whitish or pale 

yellowish background, and their lacustrine habitat. I consider 

them as a distinct genus. Judging from the figure in the 

original description, Y. longidorsalis is possibly related to 

and tentatively placed in Eonemachilus; it is not lacustrine. 

The remaining species of the Y. nigromaculatus group do 

not seem to constitute a monophyletic group. Some of them 

may represent one or several new genera and others may be 

more related with species now in Heminoemcaheilus. For 

the time being, they are all retained in Yunnanilus. 


82 

10.8.1 ? Eonemachilus longidorsalis (Li, Tao & Lu, in 

Li, Tao, Mao & Lu, 2000) 

Yunnanilus longidorsalis Li, Tao & Lu, in Li, Tao, Mao & 

Lu, 2000: 350, figs. 4–6 (type locality: China: Yunnan: 

Luoping County: pool Agang Longtan, 25°04'N 104°07'E 

[Nanpangjiang drainage]; holotype: HRAS or ASIZB 


10.8.2 Eonemachilus nigromaculatus (Regan, 1904) 

Nemachilus nigromaculatus Regan, 1904: 192 (type locality: 

China: Yunnan: "Sea of Tien" at Yunnan Fu [Lake 

Dianchi at Kunming]; lectotype: BMNH 1904.1.26.38, 

designated by Kottelat & Chu, 1988a: 68; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

10.8.3 Eonemachilus yangzonghaiensis (Cao & Zhu, in 

Zheng, 1989) 

Yunnanilus nigromaculatus yangzonghaiensis Cao & Zhu, 

in Zheng, 1989: 45, fig. 23 (type locality: China: Yunnan: 

Yangzong-hai Lake; holotype: IHB 63V1074; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

10.9 Hedinichthys Rendahl, 1933 

Hedinichthys Rendahl, 1933: 26 (subgenus of Nemacheilus 

Bleeker, 1863a: 37; type species: Nemacheilus yarkandensis 

Day, 1877b: 796, by original designation). Gender 

masculine. 

10.9.1 Hedinichthys grummorum Prokofiev, 2010 

Hedinichthys grummorum Prokofiev, 2010: 897, fig. 26 (type 

locality: China: Xinjiang: Lemjin Oasis in northern part 

of Turpan Depression [Lamjin, 42°52'N 89°58'E]; holotype: 


10.9.2 Hedinichthys macropterus (Herzenstein, 1888) 

Nemachilus yarkandensis macropterus Herzenstein, 1888: 

79 (type locality: China: Gansu: Ssa-tschsheú [Sachow 

Oasis; Dunhuang, 40 10'N 94 50'E] and in the vicinity of 

Mumin city; syntypes: ZISP 7260 [6+], 7845 [5], 7847 

[1]; compound adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Nemachilus yarkandensis nordkansuensis Li & Chang, 1974: 

416 (type locality: China: Kansu [Gansu]: Ansi-Hsien 

[Anxi, now Guazhou County, 39°50'N 97°34'E]: Shulagol 

River [Shule He], Shuang-Ta-Bu [Shuangtapu, about 

40°33'N 96°10'E]; holotype: ASIZB G65-52; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Recognised as distinct from H. yarkandensis 

following Prokofiev (2010: 896), although the text 

(or the translation) is ambiguous. 

10.9.3 Hedinichthys minutus (Li, in Li, Tai, Chang, Ma, 

Ho & Kao, 1966) 

Nemachilus minutus Li, in Li, Tai, Chang, Ma, Ho & Kao, 

1966: 46, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Sinkiang [Xinjiang]: 

Kalagu reservoir, Pichong [Piqan County, 42°52'N 90° 

10'E]; holotype: ASIZB 64-1963; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.9.4 Hedinichthys yarkandensis (Day, 1877) 

Nemacheilus yarkandensis Day, 1877b: 796 (type locality:

China: Xinjiang: Yarkand River drainage: Pas Robat, 

Yankihissar [Yengisar, 38°55'33"N 76°10'17"E] and 

Kashgar [39°28'N 75°59'E], "all from waters in connection 

with the Yarkand and Yangihissar or Great Easterly 

River"; syntypes: ZSI 1228–1229 [2], 1471–1472 [2], 

BMNH 1889.2.1.1718–1735 [18], NMW 48453, Whitehead 

& Talwar, 1976: 157; also in Day, 1878b: 14, pl. 5 

fig. 3; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Nemachilus tarimensis Kessler, 1879: 300 (type locality: 

China: Xinjiang: lower Tarim River and Lob-Nor Lake 

[Lop Nur]; syntypes: ZISP 4204 [6+], 4205 [6+], according 

to Herzenstein, 1888: 74; Kessler indicated "more 

than 20"; reprinted as Kessler, 1880: 259; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

Nemachilus yarkandensis longibarbus Herzenstein, 1888: 

78, pl. 4 fig. 1 (type locality: China: Xinjiang: Oasis Nija 

[Niya, Minfeng, 37°03'50"N 82°41'20"E]; Dol Oasis 

[about 50 km east of Hotan; 37°10°N 80°17'E], Sampula 

Oasis [Sampul, Shampula, Shanpuluxian, about 50 km 

southeast of Hotan; 37°01'11"N 80°06'36"E]; Upper 

Tarim River; syntypes: ZISP 7298 [4, in part], 7361 [3], 

7375 [1] [ZISP 7298, 7361 listed under both N. y. longibarbus 

and N. y. brevibarbus]; compound adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Nemachilus yarkandensis brevibarbus Herzenstein, 1888: 

78, pl. 2 fig. 1 (type locality: China: Xinjiang: Aksu-darja 

[Aksu He; stream entering Yarkand River from North 

at 40°27'46"N 80°52'10"E]; Nija Oasis [Niya, Minfeng, 

37°03'50"N 82°41'20"E]; Tschertschen-darja [Charchan- 

Darya, Qarqan He stream; Qarqan town or Qiemo County: 

38°08'09"N 85°31'48"E; Qarqan He sometimes enters 

Lop Nor from SW]; Dol Oasis [about 50 km east of 

Hotan; 37°10°N 80°17'E], Sampula Oasis [Sampul, 

Shampula, Shanpuluxian, about 50 km southeast of Hotan; 

37°01'11"N 80°06'36"E]; syntypes: ZISP 7287 [1], 

7298 [4, in part], 7346 [2], 7348 [3], 7361 [3] [ZISP 

7298, 7361 listed under both N. y. brevibarbus and N. y. 

longibarbus]; compound adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.10 Heminoemacheilus Zhu & Cao, 1987 

Heminoemacheilus Zhu & Cao, 1987: 324 (type species: 

Heminoemacheilus zhengbaoshani Zhu & Cao, 1987: 


Taxonomic notes. See comments under Eonemachilus and 

Yunnanilus. 

10.10.1 Heminoemacheilus hyalinus Lan, Yang & Chen, 

1996 

Heminoemacheilus hyalinus Lan, Yang & Chen, 1996: 109, 

fig. 1 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Du'an County: underground 

river at Baoan town [24°07'N 107°51'E; Romero 

et al., 2009: 251]; holotype: KIZ 9409005; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.10.2 Heminoemacheilus zhengbaoshani Zhu & Cao, 

1987 

Heminoemacheilus zhengbaoshani Zhu & Cao, 1987: 324, 

figs. 1–4 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Du'an County: 

outlet of subterranean waters near Du'an [23°56'N 


83 

108°05'E; Romero et al., 2009: 252]; holotype: ASIZB 

741802 [61075, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010]; noun in 


10.11 Homatula Nichols, 1925 

Homatula Nichols, 1925b: 2 (subgenus of Barbatula Linck, 

1790: 38; type species: Nemacheilus potanini Günther, 

1896: 218, by original designation). Gender feminine. 

Taxonomic notes. Usually identified as Paracobitis by Chinese 

authors. Many species referred to the genus, especially 

cave species, do not seem to belong to this genus. 

10.11.1 Homatula acuticephala (Zhou & He, 1993) 

Paracobitis acuticephala Zhou & He, 1993: 5, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Eryuan County: Haixihai Lake 

near Niujie; holotype: YU 784141; compound adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.11.2 Homatula anguillioides (Zhu & Wang, 1985) 

Paracobitis anguillioides Zhu & Wang, 1985: 210, figs. 1– 

4 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Eryuan County: Longtang 

Spring, near Yousuo (26°N 99°50'E) [Mekong drainage]; 

holotype: NGI 820134 [now IHB 820134], Hu & 

Zhang, 2010: 55, fig. 4a; adjective, indeclinable) 

10.11.3 Homatula berezowskii (Günther, 1896) 

Nemacheilus berezowskii Günther, 1896: 217, pl. 2 fig. c 

(type locality: China: Gansu: Hui-hsien [Hui Xian, about 

34°N 106°E, Yangtze drainage]; holotype: ZISP 10990, 

Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1974: 96; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.11.4 Homatula erhaiensis (Zhu & Cao, 1988) 

Paracobitis erhaiensis Zhu & Cao, 1988: 95, figs. 1–2 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Wase, eastern bank of Erhai 

Lake; holotype: IHB 64VI0012; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.11.5 Homatula laxiclathra Gu & Zhang, 2012 

Homatula laxiclathra Gu & Zhang, 2012: 592, fig. 1a (type 

locality: China: Shaanxi: Wei River, a tributary of Huang 

He, at Zhouzhi County; holotype: IHB 73V10738; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um [said to be used as an adjective, base 

on Latin words laxus and clathrus [barred]; clatrus is a 

noun and the adjective should have been clatratus) 

Taxonomic notes. See under H. variegata, a possible senior 

synonym. 

10.11.6 Homatula longidorsalis (Yang, Chen & Kottelat, 

1995) 

Paracobitis variegatus longidorsalis Yang, Chen & Kottelat, 

1995: 63, fig. 3 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Yiliang 

County: Jiuxiang, Pearl River drainage, 25°06'N 

103°24'E; holotype: KIZ 874048; compound noun, indeclinable) 

10.11.7 Homatula nanpanjiangensis (Min, Chen & Yang, 

2010) 

Paracobitis nanpanjiangensis Min, Chen & Yang, 2010: 200, 

fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Qujing City: Luo-

10.10.2 Heminoemacheilus zhengbaoshani, ASIZB 102318, 53.4 

mm SL; China: Guangxi: Du’an (retouched). 

10.9.4 Hedinichthys yarkandensis, ZISP 7298/4, 207 mm SL; 

China: Xinjiang: Niya Oasis; syntype of H. y. longibarbus. (From 

Herzenstein, 1888: pl. 2 fig. 1). 

ping County: Niujie River (24°57'46.9"N 104°13' 

09.2"E), a tributary of Nanpanjiang River, at Niujie village; 

holotype: KIZ 1994000023; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

10.11.8 Homatula oligolepis (Cao & Zhu, in Zheng, 1989) 

Paracobitis variegatus oligolepis Cao & Zhu, in Zheng, 

1989: 48, fig. 27 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Yangzong-hai 

Lake; holotype: IHB 63V553; compound noun, 

indeclinable) 

10.11.9 Homatula potanini (Günther, 1896) 

Nemacheilus potanini Günther, 1896: 218 (type locality: 

China: Ya River; syntypes: ZISP 10005 [3]; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Nomenclatural notes. Bănărescu & Nalbant (1974) mentioned 

specimen ZISP 10005, 95.0 mm, as holotype. Günther 

(1896) had three specimens but did not explicitly designate 

one as type, therefore all are syntypes. The fact that he only 

gave measurements of a single specimen does not make it 

the holotype. 

10.11.10 Homatula pycnolepis Hu & Zhang, 2010 

Homatula pycnolepis Hu & Zhang, 2010: 52, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Jianchuan County: Yangbi River, 

a tributary of upper Mekong, at Shaxi Town; about 

26°19'N 99°51'E; holotype: IHB 814045; compound 


10.11.11 Homatula variegata (Dabry de Thiersant, in 

Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874) 

Nemacheilus variegatus Dabry de Thiersant, in Sauvage & 

Dabry de Thiersant, 1874: 14 (type locality: China: 

Schensi [Shaanxi] [apparently Yenkiatsoun, which is 

Baoji Prefecture, Mei County [34°17'N 107°45'E]; in 

Tsang-Yu torrent, Wei He system, Huang He drainage; 

see below]; lectotype: MNHN 7854, designated by Bănărescu 

& Nalbant, 1974: 96 [as MNHN 7934]; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Nemachilus oxygnathus Regan, 1908: 357 (type locality: 


84 

10.11.11 Homatula variegata, CMK 13086, 124.0 mm SL; China: 

Sichuan: Yangtze drainage: Yalong. 

10.11.11 Homatula variegata, MNHN 7854, 96.8 mm SL, lectotype; 

China: Shaanxi: Huang He drainage. 

China: Yunnan: Yunnan Fu [Kunming]; lectotype: BMNH 

1908.2.27.23, designated by Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1974: 


Taxonomic notes. The type locality of Nemacheilus variegatus 

indicated by Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant (1874) is 

"China"; the jar containing the lectotype bears a label indicating 

"Schensi" and it had been accepted that the type locality 

was in the Yangtze drainage (e.g. Hu & Zhang, 2010). On 

this basis, Hu & Zhang (2010: 58) commented that the Han 

River (in Yangtze drainage) and the Wei River (in Huang He 

drainage) are inhabited by different species and that the one 

in the Wei River is unnamed. Gu & Zhang (2012) described 

the species from the Wei River as H. laxiclathra. 

Although not mentioned in the original description, the 

MNHN database indicates the type locality as Yen-kia-tsoun. 

The specimens were collected by David and his travel report 

(David, 1875: 261, map) shows that Yen-kia-tsoun, a 

place now in Baoji Prefecture, is in the Wei drainage. See 

Triplophysa bleekeri for discussion of this locality. 

This suggests that H. variegata could be the valid name 

of the species from the Huang He and H. laxiclathra would 

then be a junior synonym. A comparison of a photograph of 

the lectotype of H. variegata, the morphometric data I took 

in 1985 (in Yang, Chen & Kottelat, 1994: 636) and the diagnostic 

characters listed by Gu & Zhang (2012) indicates that 

the head length (15.7% SL) fits in the range of H. laxiclathra 

(15.9–21.1) rather than that of the H. 'variegata' (18.3– 

22.7), as does the depth of the caudal peduncle (6.9% SL in 

lectotype, 8.4–11.4 in H. laxiclathra and 9.6–13.6 in H. 'variegata') 

and the dorsal adipose crest extends forward until 

about above the anal-fin base (vs. midlength of anal-fin base 

in H. laxiclathra and in front of anal-fin origin in H. 'variegata'). 

The colour pattern is almost indistinct and when I 

examined the lectotype (around 1985) I noted that the bars 

were narrower than the interspaces in the posterior part of 

the body, which agrees with H. 'variegata' and not with 

H. laxiclathra. I do not have information on the remaining 

diagnostic characters (squamation in pre-dorsal area and 

shape of intestine). These apparent contradictions and the 

possible ambiguity about the type locality lead me to retain 

the name H. variegata for the Yangtze species until the lectotype 

is re-examined. If it would turn out that the lectotype 

belongs to the Huang He species, then the name H. oxygnathus 

is apparently available for the Yangtze species. 

Nomenclatural notes. For N. oxygnathus, Bănărescu &

10.12.1 Ilamnemacheilus longipinnis, NMC 79-966, 36.0 mm SL, 

holotype; Iran: Meymeh River, a former tributary of Tigris-Euphrates 

drainage. (Photograph by Zdenek Lajbner). 

10.13.1 Indoreonectes evezardi, about 38 mm SL; India: Maharashtra: 

Bhima River near Pune. (Photograph by Beta Mahatvaraj). 

Nalbant (1974) mentioned "syntypes BMNH 1908.2.27–24, 

[...], 2 spec., 114.0 and 89.5 mm, the first named here declared 

lectotype". The catalogue number they give is obviously 

incorrect. The 114.0 mm SL specimen they designated 

as lectotype actually bears number BMNH 1908.2.27.23. 

10.11.12 Homatula wujiangensis (Ding & Deng, 1990) 

Paracobitis wujiangensis Ding & Deng, 1990: 287, figs. 1– 

3 (type locality: China: Sichuan: Wujiang River; holotype: 

SPNRI 64274; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.12 Ilamnemacheilus Coad & Nalbant, 2005 

Ilamnemacheilus Coad & Nalbant, 2005: 303 (type species: 

Ilamnemacheilus longipinnis Coad & Nalbant, 2005: 304, 


10.12.1 Ilamnemacheilus longipinnis Coad & Nalbant, 

2005 

Ilamnemacheilus longipinnis Coad & Nalbant, 2005: 304, 

fig. 1 (type locality: Iran: Meymeh River, a former tributary 

of Tigris-Euphrates River, 17 km west of Dehloran 

city and about 21 km east of Iraqi border, 32°45'30"N 

47°05'30"E; holotype: NMC 79-966; compound noun, 

indeclinable) 

10.13 Indoreonectes Rita & Banarescu, in Rita, Banarescu 

& Nalbant, 1978 

Indoreonectes Rita & Bănărescu, in Rita, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 

1978: 185 (subgenus of Oreonectes Günther, 1868: 

369; type species: Oreonectes keralensis Rita & Nalbant, 

in Rita, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1978: 186, by original 


10.13.1 Indoreonectes evezardi (Day, 1872) 

Nemacheilus Evezardi Day, 1872: 182 (type locality: India: 

Maharasthra: Puna [Poona, Pune, 18°28'N 73°48'E]; 

holotype: ZSI 2678 [lost], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 



85 

10.14.4 Indotriplophysa leptosoma, ZISP 7261, 144 mm SL; China: 

Qinghai: near Xugui. (From Herzenstein, 1888: pl. 1 fig. 2). 

10.14.4 Indotriplophysa leptosoma, ZISP 7261, 144 mm SL. (From 


10.13.2 Indoreonectes keralensis (Rita & Nalbant, in Rita, 

Banarescu & Nalbant, 1978) 

Oreonectes keralensis Rita & Nalbant, in Rita, Bănărescu & 

Nalbant, 1978: 186, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Kerala: 

Pampadanpara, in a small rivulet tributary to Periyar River; 

holotype: ISBB 2925; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.14 Indotriplophysa Prokofiev, 2010 

Indotriplophysa Prokofiev, 2010: 896 (subgenus of Triplophysa 

Rendahl, 1933: 21; type species: Nemacheilus 

tenuis Day, 1877b: 796, by original designation). Gender 

feminine. 

Nomen nudum 

Triplophysa kokshaalensis Prokofiev, 2010: 896 

10.14.1 Indotriplophysa choprai (Hora, 1934) 

Nemachilus choprai Hora, 1934: 310, fig. 9 (type locality: 

Pakistan: Chitral: Lutkuh River near hot springs; holotype: 

ZSI: 11301/1; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.14.2 Indotriplophysa crassicauda (Herzenstein, 1888) 

Nemachilus Stoliczkae crassicauda Herzenstein, 1888: 23, 

pl. 7 fig. 3 (type locality: China: Qinghai: Zaidam [Quaidam 

basin]: Bajan-gol River [37°18'N 96°50'E]; holotype: 

ZISP 7221, Prokofiev, 2007b: 16, fig. 7a; compound 


10.14.3 Indotriplophysa eugeniae (Prokofiev, 2002) 

Triplophysa eugeniae Prokofiev, 2002b: 473, fig. 5 [p. 431 

of translation] (type locality: China: Kam Valley, Ha-Chu 

River [error for Hi-Chu; upstream of Kap-chzha-kamba 

(Kozlov, 1902b: xxviii); Hi-Chu enters Yangtze from 

North at about 33°32'58"N 96°41'08"E]; holotype: ZISP 

12575; noun in genitive, indeclinable)

Taxonomic notes. Kam or Kami of Russian authors is Kham, 

a former eastern province of Tibet, corresponding to today's 

eastern Xizang, western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan 

and including headwaters of Yangtze, Mekong, Salween, Irrawaddy, 

and Brahmaputra. Kozlov was in upper Mekong 

and upper Yangtze in 1900. The type locality is Hi-Chu [name 

in ZISP accession book, not Ha-Chu]. The Hi-Chu is a northern 

tributary of Tongtiang He (the name of a stretch of the 

upper Yangtze). Kozlov travelled from 13 to 20 July 1900 

along the Hi-Chu from Kap-chzha-kamba to the source (Kozlov, 

1902b: xxviii). See also maps in Kozlov (1902a, 1948). 

10.14.4 Indotriplophysa leptosoma (Herzenstein, 1888) 

Nemachilus Stoliczkae leptosoma Herzenstein, 1888: 23, 

pl. 1 fig. 2 (type locality: China: Tibet: Schuga River 

[based on map in Przheval'skii, 1883: Qinghai, river flowing 

near Xugui and entering Golmud He at 35°57'N 

94°48'E]; holotype: ZISP 7261, Prokofiev, 2007b: 15, 

fig. 6a; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Nemachilus Stoliczkae productus Herzenstein, 1888: 23, pl. 1 

fig. 5 (type locality: China: Qinghai: "Fontes fl. Chuanche" 

[sources of Chuan-che River, Huang He; then considered 

to be lakes Zhaling Hu [or Ngoring Hu, 34°52'N 

97°10'E] and Eling Hu [or Gyaring Hu, 34°52'N 97°38'E]; 

holotype: ZISP 7329, Prokofiev, 2007b: 15, fig. 6b; simultaneous 

subjective synonym of Nemachilus stoliczkae 

leptosoma Herzenstein, 1888: 23, first reviser [apparently 

Zhu, 1989: 110] gave precedence to N. s. leptosoma; 


10.14.5 Indotriplophysa tenuicauda (Steindachner, 1866) 

Cobitis tenuicauda Steindachner, 1866: 792, pl. 17 fig. 3 

(type locality: India: Jammu & Kashmir: Rupshu: rivulet 

near Hanle monastery; syntypes: NMW 48570 [6], Eschmeyer 

& Fricke, 2010; compound noun, indeclinable) 

? Nemachilus ladacensis Günther, 1868: 356 (type locality: 

India: Kashmir: Ladakh; holotype: BMNH 1860.3.19. 

789, Kullander et al., 1999: 142, 145; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Kullander et al. (1999: 145) examined 

the holotype of N. ladacensis and commented that it might 

be a synonym of I. tenuicauda; both nominal species are 

described from Ladakh. Li et al. (2007: 55) considered 

N. ladacensis as a valid species present in the Tarim basin; 

they do not mention I. tenuicauda and do not seem to have 

had access to material. 

10.14.6 Indotriplophysa tenuis (Day, 1877) 

Nemacheilus tenuis Day, 1877b: 796 (type locality: Tadjikistan: 

Aktash [12600 ft] where water of Ak-su passes to 

Oxus [Amu-Darya drainage, Murgab system, 3840 masl; 

37°35'13"N 74°53'44"E; Trotter, 1875: (28), (65)] / China: 

Xinjiang: Yankihissar (4320 ft) [Yengisar, 38°55'33"N 

76°10'17"E] where rivers go to Yarkand River; syntypes: 

ZSI 684–686, 710–711, 709 [lost], BMNH 1889.2.1. 

1716–1717, NMW 48447, Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 

157; also in Day, 1878b: 15, pl. 5 fig. 4; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. The widely disjunct localities suggest that 

two species are involved. A lectotype designation and redescription 

are needed. 


86 

10.14.7 Indotriplophysa yasinensis (Alcock, 1898) 

Nemachilus yasinensis Alcock, 1898: 38, pl. 2 figs. 2, 2a 

(type locality: Pakistan: Gilgit-Baltistan: Yasin River at 

8500 feet [Yasin: 36°22'N 73°20'E]; holotype (?): ZSI 

F 14181, according to Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 125; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

Nemachilus kashmirensis Hora, 1922: 76 (type locality: India: 

Jammu & Kashmir: mouth of trout farm at Harwan 

[34°09'30"N 74°54'16"E] / Verinag spring [33°32'17"N 

75°14'49"E] / Kukarnag spring [33°33'48"N 

75°20'11"E]; syntypes [17+]: ZSI 10121/1 [9], 10122/1 

[9], Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 123; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

? Nemachilus ajmonis Di Caporiacco, 1933: 342, fig. (type 

locality: India: Kashmir: pond between Sonamarg 

[34°18'04"N 75°17'30"E] and Baltal [34°15'21"N 

75°25'05"E]; syntypes [2]: MZUF 55881 [1], Vanni, 

1991: 221; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

? Nemachilus hutchinsoni Hora, 1936: 314, figs. 6–7, pl. 12 

figs. 1–2 (type locality: India: Kashmir: Ladakh: 3 miles 

west of Mugleb / pond between Durbuk and Tangtse / 

Tsar Tso / Lukung; syntypes [6]: ZSI F 12201/1 [1], 

12202/1 [3], 12203/1 [1], Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 122; 


Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Prokofiev (2007b: 3, 

2010: 896), itself partly based on Menon (1987: 217). 

10.15 Iskandaria Prokofiev, 2009 

Iskandaria Prokofiev, 2009b: 889 (type species: Nemachilus 

kuschakewitschi Herzenstein, 1890: 61, by original 


10.15.1 Iskandaria kuschakewitschi (Herzenstein, 1890) 

Nemachilus Kuschakewitschi Herzenstein, 1890: 61 [p. 139 

of reprint] (type locality: Uzbekistan: Syr-Darya drainage: 

Margelan [40°28'16"N 71°43'29"E] and Andizhan 

[40°47'N 72°202 E]; syntypes: ZISP 4561 [6+], 8744 

[6+], 8745 [6+], ? BMNH 1891.10.7.72 [2], Eschmeyer 

& Fricke, 2010; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Nemachilus kuschakewitschi badamensis Turdakov, 1947a: 

56 (type locality: Kazakhstan: Yuzhno-Kazakhstansjkaya 

oblast: Syr-Darya drainage: Arys' basin: Badam River at 

Shymkent [42°19'00"N 69°35'45"E]; syntypes [56]: 

ZMMU P-3709 [14], P-3710 [1], Vasilieva et al., in Pavlinov 

& Borissenko, 2001: 26; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.15.2 Iskandaria pardalis (Turdakov, 1941) 

Nemachilus pardalis Turdakov, 1941: 219, fig. 1 (type locality: 

Tajikistan: Amu-Darya drainage: Kafirnigan River 

system [Kofarnihon], Dyushambinka River from Stalinabad 

[Dushanbe; 38°32'12"N 68°46'48"E] to 4–5 km 

upstream; holotype: ZMMU 3791; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Treated as subspecies of I. kuschakewitschi 

by Prokofiev (2009b: 889). 

10.16 Labiatophysa Prokofiev, 2010 

Labiatophysa Prokofiev, 2010: 895 (subgenus of Triplophysa 

Rendahl, 1933: 21; type species: Diplophysa labiata

Kessler, 1874: 59, by original designation). Gender feminine. 

Taxonomic notes. See Prokofiev (2004a) for revision. 


10.16.1 Labiatophysa nasalis (Kessler, 1876) 

Diplophysa nasalis Kessler, 1876: 27, pl. 3 fig. 2 (type locality: 

China: Nei Mongol: Lake Dalai-Nor [Dalai Nur; 

43°18'N 116°40'E]; holotype: ZISP 2475, Prokofiev, 

2004a: 203; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Known only from holotype, which may 

belong to Labiatophysa or Barbatula (Prokofiev, 2004a: 

204). The type locality is 'Lake Dalai-Nor'. There are several 

lakes by this name in China and Mongolia [alternative 

spellings: Dalaï-Nur, Dalai-Nuur, etc.]. The holotype was 

collected by Przewal'skii in 1874 and his travel map 

(Przewal'skii, 1876) shows only one Dalai-nor, at 43°18'N 

116°40'E (not Hu-Lun Lake, which is another Dalai Nur; 

contra Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010). 

10.16.2 Labiatophysa herzensteini (Berg, 1909) 

Diplophysa labiata herzensteini Berg, 1909: 10 (type locality: 

Kazakhstan: Almaty Province: Tscharyn River 

[Charyn], tributary of Ili River, Balkash basin, area of 

Semiretschenks; lectotype: ZISP 14530, designated by 

Prokofiev, 2004a: 191, fig. 26; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.16.3 Labiatophysa kaznakowi (Prokofiev, 2004) 

Triplophysa kaznakowi Prokofiev, 2004a: 195, fig. 54 (type 

locality: China: Xinjiang-Uighur: Tuguryuk River Valley 

(= Nom Gol River flowing from extreme eastern escarpes 

of Tien-Shan Mountains and disappearing in the 

sands of Nomin-Gobi desert, ca. 42°N, ca. 96°E); holotype: 


10.16.4 Labiatophysa labiata (Kessler, 1874) 

Diplophysa labiata Kessler, 1874: 59, pl. 8 fig. 41 (type locality: 

Kyrgyzstan: Urdjar River, tributary of Lake Ala-kul 

[42°19'03"N 78°32'08"E; in Issyk Kul endorheic basin]; 

syntypes: ZISP 2321 [4]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Nemachilus labiatus conjungens Herzenstein, 1888: 84, pl. 4 

fig. 5 (type locality: Kazakhstan and China: Chorgos River 

[Khorgas; a tributary of Ili River, confluence at 

43°49'25"N 80°31'22"E, making the border between 

Kazakhstan and China]; syntypes: ZISP 7843 [1], 7850 

[2], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; participle, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Prokofiev (2004a). 

10.16.5 Labiatophysa microphthalma (Kessler, 1879) 

Diplophysa microphthalma Kessler, 1879: 308 (type locality: 

China: Xinjiang: "the stream on which Chami town 

[Hami or Kumul; 42°48'00"N 93°27'00"E ] is located [...] 

southern slope of Altai Range"; lectotype: ZISP 4208, 

designated by Prokofiev, 2004a: 194, fig. 33; reprinted 

as Kessler, 1880: 269; compound adjective, -us, -a, -um) 


87 

10.17 Lefua Herzenstein, 1888 

Octonema Herzenstein, in Warpachowski & Herzenstein, 

1887: 47 (type species: Octonema pleskei Warpachowski 

& Herzenstein, 1887: 48, by subsequent designation 

by Berg, 1907a: 437; junior homonym of Octonema 

Martens, 1869: 608 in Pisces and Octonema Haeckel, 

1879: 126 in Coelenterata). Gender neuter. 

Lefua Herzenstein, 1888: 3 (replacement name for Octonema 

Herzenstein, in Warpachowski & Herzenstein, 1887: 

47). Gender feminine. 

Elxis Jordan & Fowler, 1903: 768 (type species: Elxis nikkonis 

Jordan & Fowler, 1903: 768, by original designation). 

Gender feminine [a classical Greek word]. 

Nomenclatural notes. The type species of Octonema is listed 

as O. pleskei by monotypy by Eschmeyer & Fricke (2010). 

Warpachowski & Herzenstein (1887: 47) listed two included 

species, O. pleskei and O. costatum; Berg (1907a: 437) 

designated O. pleskei as type species. 

10.17.1 Lefua costata (Kessler, 1876) 

Diplophysa costata Kessler, 1876: 29, pl. 3 fig. 3 [not 4] 

(type locality: "Mongolia: Lake Dalai-Nor at 43°N" 

[Berg, 1949: 887; China: Nei Mongol: Dalai Nur; 

43°18'N 116°40'E; not Hu-Lun Lake, which is another 

Dalai Nur]; holotype: ZISP 2477, Naseka & Bogutskaya, 

2004: 285, pl. 2 fig. 6; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Nemacheilus dixoni Fowler, 1899: 181 (type locality: China: 

Pechili: Tan Lan Ho, tributary of Shu Lan Ho, about 

30 miles northeast of Lama-Miau or Dolon-Nor [Doloon- 

Nuur, 42°11'22"N 116°28'24"E] [now in Nei Mongol: 

Duolun County; Pechili [Zhili], name of a former province]; 

holotype: ANSP 16393; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Elxis coreanus Jordan & Starks, 1905: 201, fig. 7 (type locality: 

Korea: Gensan; holotype: USNM 45243; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Lefua andrewsi Fowler, 1922: 1 (type locality: China: Shing 

Lung Shan, Eastern Tombs [now Hebei: Zunhua, 40°11'N 

117°58'E]; holotype: AMNH 7974; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.17.2 Lefua echigonia Jordan & Richardson, 1907 

Lefua echigonia Jordan & Richardson, 1907: 263, fig. 1 (type 

locality: Japan: Echigo: Nagaoka; holotype: USNM 

45243 [in original publication; CAS-SU 20164 according 

to Böhlke, 1953: 39]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.17.3 Lefua hoffmanni Herre, 1932 

Lefua hoffmanni Herre, 1932: 429 (type locality: China: 

Kwangtung [Guangdong]; holotype: CAS-SU 25727, 

Böhlke, 1953: 40, Prokofiev, 2005: 431, 437; noun in 


Taxonomic notes. Prokofiev (2005: 437) commented that 

this species is neither an Oreonectes nor a Lefua but could 

not decide its generic position. 

10.17.4 Lefua nikkonis (Jordan & Fowler, 1903) 

Elxis nikkonis Jordan & Fowler, 1903: 768, fig. 1 (type locality: 

Japan: Hokkaido: Chitose, in Iburi; holotype: CAS- 

SU 7848; adjective, -is, -is, -e)

10.16.4 Labiatophysa labiata, ZISP 7850, 126 mm SL; syntype 

of L. l. conjungens; border between Kazakhstan and China: Xinjiang: 

Ili drainage. (From Herzenstein, 1888: pl. 4 fig. 5). 

10.16.4 Labiatophysa labiata, ASIZB 53485, 144.0 mm SL. 

10.15.1 Iskandaria kuschakewitschi, ZMMU P-9298, about 60 mm 

SL; Tajikistan: Amu-Darya drainage: Kara-Su River. (Photograph 

by Artem Prokofiev). 

10.17.5 Lefua pleskei (Herzenstein, in Warpachowski & 

Herzenstein, 1887) 

Octonema Pleskei Herzenstein, in Warpachowski & Herzenstein, 

1887: 48, pl. fig. 5 (type locality: Russia: Primorsky 

Kray: Lefu River [Ilistaya; a tributary of Lake Khanka] 

near Nikolajewka; syntypes: ZISP 7209 [4], BMNH 

1891.10.7.73 [1], Naseka & Bogutskaya, 2004: 285, pl. 2 

fig. 7; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.17.6 Lefua sayu (Herre & Lin, 1936) 

Oreonectes sayu Herre & Lin, 1936: 19 (type locality: China: 

Chekiang: upper waters of the Tsien Tang; holotype: 

CAS-SU 32584, Böhlke, 1953: 40; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Generic position follows Prokofiev (2005: 

437). 

10.18 Mesonoemacheilus Banarescu & Nalbant, in Singh, 

Sen, Banarescu & Nalbant, 1982 

Mesonoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, in Singh, Sen, 

Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982: 202 (subgenus of Nemacheilus 

Bleeker, 1863a: 37; type species: Nemacheilus 


88 

10.17.1 Lefua costata, ASIZB 132268, 48.7 mm SL; China: Jilin: 

Antu. 

10.17.1 Lefua costata (?), CMK 21951, 56.4 mm SL; Korea: 

Gangwon. 

10.18.5 Mesonoemacheilus petrubanarescui, CMK 5426, 46.7 mm 

SL; India: Karnataka: Chandragiri River. 

triangularis Day, 1865a: 295, by original designation). 


10.18.1 Mesonoemacheilus guentheri (Day, 1867) 

Nemacheilus guentheri Day, 1867a: 285 (type locality: India: 

rapids on slopes of Neilgherries [p. 282]; syntypes: 

? ZSI 2578 [1], A.959 [1, lost], BMNH 1867.7.24.28 [1], 

AMS B.7488 [1], NMW 48412, RMNH 2666, Whitehead 

& Talwar, 1976: 157; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.18.2 Mesonoemacheilus herrei Nalbant & Banarescu, 

in Singh, Sen, Banarescu & Nalbant, 1982 

Mesonoemacheilus herrei Nalbant & Bănărescu, in Singh, 

Sen, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982: 203, figs. 1–6 (type 

locality: India: Kerala: Anamallai Hills, Valparai, Puthutotam 

Estate; holotype: CAS-SU 41307; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

10.18.3 ? Mesonoemacheilus menoni (Zacharias & Minimol, 

1999) 

Noemacheilus menoni Zacharias & Minimol, 1999: 288, 

fig. 1 (type locality: India: Kerala: Periyar River, Malappara; 

holotype: ZSI/WGRS V/F/1018; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

10.18.4 Mesonoemacheilus pambarensis (Rema Devi & 

Indra, 1994) 

Noemacheilus pambarensis Rema Devi & Indra, 1994: 207, 

pl. 1 fig. 1 (type locality: India: Kerala: Pambar River at 

border of Chinnar Sanctuary; holotype: ZSI/SRS F 4095; 

adjective, -is, -is, -e)

10.19.1 Metaschistura cristata, FSJF 3277, 66.0 mm SL; Iran: Zanglangou 

River near Kazgankala. (Photograph by Jörg Freyhof). 

10.20.1 Micronemacheilus cruciatus, CMK 15120, 25.7 mm SL; 

Vietnam: Hue. 

10.21.4 Nemacheilus binotatus, CMK 16044, 34.6 mm SL; Thailand: 

Chao Phraya drainage: Nan. 

10.18.5 Mesonoemacheilus petrubanarescui (Menon, 

1984) 

Noemacheilus petrubanarescui Menon, 1984: 46, figs. 1–2 

(type locality: India: Karnataka: Netravati River at Dharmasthala; 

holotype: ZSI F 559; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.18.6 Mesonoemacheilus pulchellus (Day, 1873) 

Nemacheilus pulchellus Day, 1873: 528 (type locality: India: 

Neilghiries: Bowany River [Bhavani]; syntypes [23]: 

ZSI 2581 [1], 2563 [1], BMNH 1889.2.1.1591–1600 

[10], AMS B.7739 [1], NMW 48427 [1], RMNH 2664 

[1], ZISP 8263 [2], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 157; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.18.7 Mesonoemacheilus remadevii Shaji, 2002 

Mesonoemacheilus remadevii Shaji, 2002: 217, figs. 2–4 

(type locality: India: Kerala: Kunthi River at Poochipara, 

Silent Valley National Park; holotype: KFRI F900; noun 


10.18.8 Mesonoemacheilus triangularis (Day, 1865) 

Nemacheilus triangularis Day, 1865a: 295 (type locality: 

India: Kerala: hills at Mundikyum; holotype: ZSI 2681 

[lost], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 157; also in Day, 

1865b: 203, pl. 14 fig. 1; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Nemacheilus triangularis tambaraparniensis Menon, 1987: 

171 (type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Chittaruvi Forest, 

Courtalam (Tambaraparni drainage); holotype: ZSI/SRS 

F 576; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

? Nemacheilus periyarensis Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2005: 

75, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Kerala: Thannikkudy, Periyar 

Lake; holotype: ZSI/WGRS CLT V/F13030; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 


89 

10.21.1 Nemacheilus anguilla, CMK 14403, 47.2 mm SL; India: 

Bengal. 

10.21.1 Nemacheilus anguilla, CMK 14403, 47.2 mm SL. 

10.19 Metaschistura Prokofiev, 2009 

Metaschistura Prokofiev, 2009b: 892 (type species: Nemacheilus 

cristatus Berg, 1898: 18, by original designation). 


10.19.1 Metaschistura cristata (Berg, 1898) 

Nemachilus cristatus Berg, 1898: 18, fig. (type locality: 

Turkmenistan: Tedschent River near Aschabad [Askhabad, 

Ashgabat; 37°56'N 58°22'E; endorheic drainage, 

now connected by canal to Amu-Darya]; syntypes: ZISP 

11055, ZMMU P.2555 [59], ISBB 996 [2], Vasilieva, 

pers. comm., Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

10.20 Micronemacheilus Rendahl, 1944 

Micronemacheilus Rendahl, 1944: 45 (subgenus of Nemacheilus 


cruciatus Rendahl, 1944: 37, by original designation). 


10.20.1 Micronemacheilus cruciatus (Rendahl, 1944) 

Nemacheilus cruciatus Rendahl, 1944: 37, fig. 19 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Thua Luu, 50 km southeast of Hué; holotype: 

NHMG; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.21 Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863 

Naunacheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt, 1823: 132 

(nomen nudum) 

Noemacheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt, 1823: 

133, 1824: 376 (nomen nudum, Kottelat, 1987b: 371) 

Naemacheilus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846: 26 (nomen nudum, name cited in synonymy) 

Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863a: 37 (type species: Cobitis fas-

ciata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 25, 

by original designation; also in Bleeker, 1863c: 4, 

pl. 103). Gender masculine. 

Nemacheilos Kner, 1867: 366 (incorrect subsequent spelling) 

Nematocheilos Kner, 1867: 366 (incorrect subsequent spelling) 

Nemachilus Günther, 1868: 347 (unjustified emendation of 

Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863a: 37). Gender masculine. 

Modigliania Perugia, 1893a: 246 (type species: Modigliania 

papillosa Perugia, 1893a: 246, by monotypy). Gender 

feminine. 

Pogononemacheilus Fowler, 1937: 158 (subgenus of Nemacheilus 


masyae Smith, 1933: 58, by original designation). Gender 

masculine. 

Nomenclatural notes. Noemacheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt 

is a nomen nudum. As a curiosity, it is worth mentioning that 

this spelling, which has been used to form numerous genusgroup 

names, is most likely erroneous. The name is also 

spelled Naunacheilus in the same work. Van Hasselt's text 

was not an article but a letter he sent to Temminck. Several 

of the names in the printed letter are misspelt or have aberrant 

or multiple spellings. Most likely the intended spelling 

was Naemacheilus and a type setter probably confused the 

ligatures æ (ae) and œ (oe) and it became printed oe. Nemacheilus 

or næmacheilus has an obvious etymology (νµα, 

nema, a thread; χελος, keilos, a lip; Greek), which noemacheilus 

does not have. 


Lepidocephalus weberi Ahl, 1922: 32 (type locality: Indonesia: 

Sumatra: Benkulen; syntypes: ZMB 7670 [2, 

lost ?], Paepke, 1995: 91; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Identification at species level will be possible 

only if the syntypes can be found, or after some nemacheilines 

are collected at the type locality and a neotype designated. 

10.21.1 'Nemacheilus' anguilla Annandale, 1919 

Nemachilus anguilla Annandale, 1919: 127, pl. 1 fig. 3, pl. 3 

fig. 1 (type locality: India: Bombay Presidency [Maharashtra]: 

Satara District: Yenna River at Medha; holotype: 



Nemachilus poonaensis Menon, 1949: 226, fig. 1a (type 

locality: India: Bombay Presidency [Maharashtra]: Moola-Mootha 

River at Poona [Pune, 18°28'N 73°48'E]; holotype: 

ZSI F 242/2, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 124; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Generic position requires investigation. 

Synonymy follows Menon (1987: 154). 

10.21.2 Nemacheilus arenicolus Kottelat, 1998 

Nemacheilus arenicolus Kottelat, 1998a: 65, fig. 102 (type 

locality: Laos: Khammouan Province: Nam Theun basin: 

Nam Xot in Ban Nam Xot; 17°53'20"N 105°05'10"E; 

holotype: ZRC 41790; originally treated as adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 



90 

'inhabitant of' are nouns and do not have to agree in gender. 

But when proposed, arenicolus was explicitly proposed as 

an adjective and therefore it has to agree in gender with the 

genus name. 

10.21.3 Nemacheilus banar Freyhof & Serov, 2001 

Nemacheilus banar Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 135, figs. 1–2 

(type locality: Vietnam: Kontum Province: middle Pako 

River about 50 km north of Kontum; 14°39.6'N 


indeclinable) 

10.21.4 Nemacheilus binotatus Smith, 1933 

Nemacheilus binotatus Smith, 1933: 61, pl. 1 fig. 4 (type 

locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Mekhan, tributary 

of Meping, southwest of Doi Sutep; holotype: 

KUMF 167, Monkolprasit, 1969: 6; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

10.21.5 Nemacheilus chrysolaimos (Valenciennes, in Cuvier 

& Valenciennes, 1846) 

Cobitis chrysolaimos Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846: 27, pl. 521 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; 

lectotype: MNHN 3961, designated by Kottelat, 1984b: 


10.21.6 Nemacheilus cleopatra Freyhof & Serov, 2001 

Nemacheilus cleopatra Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 138, figs. 5– 

6 (type locality: Vietnam: Gia Lai Province: Sol River 

near Plao Ganong about 60 km south of Pleiku; 

13°31.82'N 108°18.63'E; holotype: ZFMK 27155; noun 


10.21.7 'Nemacheilus' corica (Hamilton, 1822) 

Cobitis corica Hamilton, 1822: 359, 395 (type locality: India: 

Kosi River [Purnia District: Mainayi; Hora, 1935a: 

49]; types: NT; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Schistura punctata M'Clelland, 1839: 308, 442, pl. 53 fig. 4 

(type locality: India: Assam / northeastern parts of Bengal; 

syntypes: material examined by M'Clelland and basis 

of Cobitis corica Hamilton, 1822: 359; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Cobites cinerea Swainson, 1839: 310 (available by indication 

to Hamilton, 1822: 359 No. 12 [which is Cobitis 

corica]; type locality: India: Kosi River [Purnia District: 

Mainayi; Hora, 1935a: 49]; types: NT; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 


10.21.8 Nemacheilus elegantissimus Chin & Samat, 1992 

Nemacheilus elegantissimus Chin & Samat, 1992: 26, fig. 2 

(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Lahad Datu 

District: Sungai Payau, a tributary of Sungai Segama, 

Danum Valley Conservation Area; holotype: FMNH 


Nemacheilus ornatissimus Doi, 1997: 16 (nomen nudum; 

lapsus for Nemacheilus elegantissimus Chin & Samat, 

1992: 26, fig. 1)

10.21.9 Nemacheilus fasciatus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier 


Noemacheilus fasciatus Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt, 

1823: 133, 1824: 376 (nomen nudum, Kottelat, 1987b: 

371) 

Cobitis fasciata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846: 25 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Buitenzorg 

[Bogor]; holotype: MNHN B.2798, Kottelat, 1984b: 247, 

fig. 18a [as lectotype], 1987a: 371, Roberts, 1993: 26; 


Cobitis suborbitalis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846: 26 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holotype: 

MNHN 3930, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 96, Kottelat, 1984b: 

250; simultaneous subjective synonym of Cobitis fasciata 

Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 25, first 

reviser [Bleeker, 1860c: 79] gave precedence to C. fasciata; 


10.21.10 ? Nemacheilus jaklesii (Bleeker, 1852) 

Cobitis Jaklesii Bleeker, 1852: 604 (type locality: Indonesia: 

Sumatra: Pajacombo [Payakumbuh]; lectotype: 

RMNH 7055, designated by Alfred, 1961: 33; noun in 


10.21.11 'Nemacheilus' kaimurensis Husain & Tilak, 1998 

Nemacheilus kaimurensis Husain & Tilak, 1998: 131, figs. 

1–2 (type locality: India: Uttar Pradesh: Sombhadra District: 

Kanhar stream, near Kota village, Chopan; holotype: 

NRS/ZSI F 1543; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 


10.21.12 Nemacheilus kapuasensis Kottelat, 1984 

Noemacheilus kapuasensis Kottelat, 1984b: 244, fig. 16 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: rocky 

channel in main stream of Sungai Pinoh at Nanga Saian, 

45 km south of Nangapinoh, 0°43'S 11°83'E; holotype: 

MZB 4004; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.21.13 Nemacheilus longipectoralis Popta, 1905 

Nemachilus longipectoralis Popta, 1905: 182 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: upper Mahakam; 

lectotype: RMNH 7641, designated by Kottelat, 

1984b: 239; also in Popta, 1906: 198, pl. 10 fig. 42; compound 


10.21.14 Nemacheilus longipinnis Ahl, 1922 

Nemachilus longipinnis Ahl, 1922: 31 (type locality: Indonesia: 

Central Sumatra [upper and middle sections of 

Rokan Kanan, Rokan Kiri and Siak drainages ("Sultanate 

of Siak" [Kabupaten Siak, Riau Province, Sumatra] 

and "Rokan states"; Moszkowski, 1909a-b: maps]; holotype: 

ZMB 20547; potentially junior secondary homonym 

of Acanthocobitis longipinnis Peters, 1861: 712 if 

treated as valid in Nemacheilus, which has apparently 

never been done; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Nemacheilus lactogeneus Roberts, 1989: 107, fig. 82 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas 

mainstream 58 km northeast of Sintang and 1 km dowstream 

from Sebruang; holotype: MZB 3542; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 


91 

10.21.15 Nemacheilus longistriatus Kottelat, 1990 

Nemacheilus longistriatus Kottelat, 1990a: 51, fig. 26 (type 

locality: Thailand: Loei Province: Mekong main stream 

between Chiang Khan (17°50'N 101°45'E) to 70 km 

downstream; holotype: CAS 62547; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

10.21.16 Nemacheilus marang Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2010 

Nemacheilus marang Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2010: 41, figs. 2– 

3 (type locality: Indonesia: Kalimantan Timur: Kabupaten 

Kutai Timur: Kecamatan Kelai: Tepian Langsat village, 

Sungai Marang (1°42.465'N 117°45.549'E), Bengalon 

drainage; holotype: MZB 13301; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

10.21.17 Nemacheilus masyae Smith, 1933 

Nemacheilus masyae Smith, 1933: 58, fig. 3, pl. 1 fig. 3 

(type locality: Thailand: Nakhon Sritamarat: Ban Ta Yai, 

Tadi stream; holotype: KUMF 714; masyae is correct 

original spelling [Code art. 31.1.1 and Example], masyai 

is either an incorrect subsequent spelling or an unjustified 

emendation; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.21.18 'Nemacheilus' monilis Hora, 1921 

Nemachilus monilis Hora, 1921a: 19, fig. 1 (type locality: 

India: Bhavani River, 10 miles from Mettupalaiyam; holotype: 




10.21.19 Nemacheilus olivaceus Boulenger, 1894 

Nemachilus olivaceus Boulenger, 1894a: 250 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Bongon; lectotype: BMNH 

1893.5.30.63, designated by Kottelat, 1984b: 234; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.21.20 Nemacheilus ornatus Kottelat, 1990 

Nemacheilus ornatus Kottelat, 1990a: 61, fig. 34 (type locality: 

Thailand: Surat Thani Province: Khlong Sok at Ban 

Khlong Sok, 8°49'N 98°35'E [contra Eschmeyer & 

Fricke, 2010, "L. Sonkphan" in original description is 

not Lake Sonkphan but the name of one of the collectors]; 

holotype: ZRC 38466 [ex ZSM 27469]; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.21.21 Nemacheilus pallidus Kottelat, 1990 

Nemacheilus pallidus Kottelat, 1990a: 63, fig. 36 (type locality: 

Thailand: Lampang Province: Mae Nam Yom basin: 

Huai Mae Phlung from Ban Pong [18°42'N 99°58'E] to 

17 km upstream; holotype: ZRC 38468 [ex ZSM 27470]; 


10.21.22 Nemacheilus papillos Tan & Kottelat, 2009 

Nemacheilus papillos Tan & Kottelat, 2009: 53, fig. 40 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Sumatera Selatan: Sungai 

Sentang near Desa Sukajaya, about 5 km from road (turnoff 

at about 12 km on road from Bayung Lencir to Jambi); 

holotype: MZB 10994; noun in apposition, indeclinable)

10.21.9 Nemacheilus fasciatus, CMK 9178, 54.1 mm SL; Indonesia: 

Java: Brantas drainage. 

10.21.9 Nemacheilus fasciatus, CMK 9237, 61.0 mm SL. 

10.21.23 ? Nemacheilus papillosus (Perugia, 1893) 

Modigliania papillosa Perugia, 1893a: 246 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Sumatra: Balighe, Lake Toba; syntypes: 

MCSNG 9230 [6], ZMA 112.874 [2], Tortonese, 1961: 

188, Nijssen et al., 1993: 214; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.21.24 Nemacheilus paucimaculatus Bohlen & Šlechtová, 

2011 

Nemacheilus paucimaculatus Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2011b: 

201, figs. 1–2 (type locality: Malaysia: Johor: tributary of 

Segamat River upstream of Segamat, 2°28'47"N 103° 


10.21.25 Nemacheilus pfeifferae (Bleeker, 1853) 

Cobitis Pfeifferi Bleeker, 1853b: 298 (type locality: Indonesia: 

Sumatra: Lake Meninju [Maninjau]; lectotype: 

RMNH 7053, designated by Alfred, 1961: 34; incorrect 

original spelling, as species is explicitly named for Mrs. 

Ida Pfeiffer, spelling must be emended into pfeifferae, 

Code arts. 31.1.2, 31.1.3; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Nemachilus dunckeri Ahl, 1922: 30 (type locality: Indonesia: 

Sumatra: Padang; holotype: ZMB 20546; noun in 


10.21.26 Nemacheilus platiceps Kottelat, 1990 

Nemacheilus platiceps Kottelat, 1990a: 66, figs. 38–39 (type 

locality: Vietnam: Trang Bom; holotype: NRM 15095; 

compound adjective, indeclinable) 

10.21.27 Nemacheilus saravacensis Boulenger, 1894 

Nemachilus saravacensis Boulenger, 1894a: 251 (type locality: 

Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Senah; lectotype; 

BMNH 1893.3.6.277, designated by Kottelat, 1984b: 



92 

10.21.28 Nemacheilus selangoricus, CMK 9636, 48.0 mm SL; 

Indonesia: Bangka. 

10.21.28 Nemacheilus selangoricus Duncker, 1904 

Nemachilus selangoricus Duncker, 1904: 175 (type locality: 

Malaysia: surroundings of Kuala Lumpur; lectotype: 

ZMH 386 [formerly 8464], designated by Ladiges et al., 


Nemachilus kuiperi de Beaufort, 1939: 190, fig. 1 (type locality: 

Indonesia: Billiton [Belitung]; lectotype: ZMA 

112.889, designated by Kottelat, 1984b: 255; noun in 


Nemacheilus trans-lineatus Fowler, 1939: 63, fig. 13 (type 


68493; must be emended as translineatus, Code art. 

32.5.2.3; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.21.29 Nemacheilus spiniferus Kottelat, 1984 

Noemacheilus spiniferus Kottelat, 1984b: 250, fig. 20 (type 

locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Fourth Division: 

Sungai Liam, tributary of Baram River, 3°19'N 114°45'E; 

holotype: ROM 39890; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.21.30 'Nemacheilus' stigmofasciatus Arunachalam & 

Muralidharan, 2009 

Nemacheilus stigmofasciatus Arunachalam & Muralidharan, 

2009: 148, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Karnataka: Thuttinjet, 

Seethanathi River, 13°23'54.3"N 75°01'18.2"E; 

holotype: ZSI/SRS F7599; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 


10.21.31 Nemacheilus tebo Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009 

Nemacheilus tebo Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009a: 120, fig. 3 


Berau Regency, Kelai district, Merapun village, Lake 

Tebo area, a pond at mouth of west cave, 17°00'13"N 

54°10'54"E; holotype: MZB 13367; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

10.21.32 Nemacheilus troglocataractus Kottelat & Géry, 

1989 

Nemacheilus troglocataractus Kottelat & Géry, 1989: 273, 

fig. 1 (type locality: Thailand: Kanchanaburi Province: 

Tham Sai Yok Noi, 3 km north-northwest of Nam Tok; 

14°15'N 99°04'E; holotype: MHNG 2407.54; treated as 

a compound adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.21.33 Nemacheilus tuberigum Hadiaty & Siebert, 2001 

Nemacheilus tuberigum Hadiaty & Siebert, 2001: 183, fig. 1 

(type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh Selatan: Kecamatan 

Kluet Selatan, Desa Pucuk Lembang, Gunung 

Leuser National Park, forest stream tributary to Sungai

10.22.1 Nemachilichthys ruppelli, CMK 14402, 53.4 mm SL; 

India: aquarium-fish trade. 

Lembang; holotype: MZB 9356; treated as noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

10.22 Nemachilichthys Day, 1878 

Nemachilichthys Day, 1878a: 611 (type species: Cobitis ruppelli 

Sykes, 1839a: 162, by monotypy). Gender masculine. 

10.22.1 Nemachilichthys ruppelli (Sykes, 1839) 

Cobitis Rupelli Sykes, 1839a: 162 (type localites: India: 

Beema River at Taimbournee / Mota Mola River near 

Poona [Pune, 18°28'N 73°48'E]; syntypes: LU, ? AMS 

B.7528 [1], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; also in Sykes, 

1839b: 59, 1841: 366, pl. 64, fig. 17; rupelli is an incorrect 

original spelling since the species is explicitly named 

for Rüppell and must be emended into ruppelli, Code 

art. 32.5.1.1; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

? Nemachilichthys shimogensis Narayan Rao, 1920: 62, pl. 2 

figs. 5–5b (type locality: India: Mysore [Karnataka]: 

Thunga River in Shimoga Town; holotype: BMNH 

1919.11.19.13–18 [1 of 6], Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 121; 


Taxonomic notes. Nemachilichthys shimogensis has long 

been listed as a synonym of N. ruppelli. It is treated as distinct 

by Bănărescu & Nalbant (1995: 448) but no proper 

comparison has been published. The figures in the respective 

original descriptions show some differences, but are not 

really conclusive since several figures in Sykes (1841) do 

not seem totally accurate. This can be solved only by examination 

of topotypes of both nominal species. 

Nomenclatural notes. Narayan Rao explicitly stated that 

the holotype and about six paratypes were in BMNH. He 

also stated 'examples in ZSI', but these are not explicitly 

designated as types and thus are not types. The three 'syntypes' 

(ZSI F 9824/1–9826/1 [3]) listed by Menon & Yazdani 

(1968: 121) have no type status. There is a single series in 

BMNH [1919.11.19.13–18] labelled 'types'. As it seems that 

the holotype and the paratypes have been mixed, it is not 

possible to identify the holotype. 

10.23 Neonoemacheilus Zhu & Guo, 1985 

Neonoemacheilus Zhu & Guo, 1985: 321 (type species Nemacheilus 

labeosus Kottelat, 1982: 169, by original designation). 


Infundibulatus Menon, 1987: 177 (subgenus of Nemacheilus 


peguensis Hora, 1929: 321, by original designation). 



93 

10.23.2 Neonoemacheilus labeosus, CMK 14634, 73.2 mm SL; 

Thailand: Salween drainage: Mae Nam Moei. 

10.23.2 Neonoemacheilus labeosus, CMK 14634, 73.2 mm SL. 

10.23.1 Neonoemacheilus assamensis (Menon, 1987) 

Noemacheilus assamensis Menon, 1987: 179 (type locality: 

India: Assam: Pagladia River; holotype: ZSI/SRS F 578; 


10.23.2 Neonoemacheilus labeosus (Kottelat, 1982) 

Noemacheilus labeosus Kottelat, 1982: 169, fig. 1 (type 

locality: Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: Salween 

River at Mae Sahm Leap, 17°59'N 97°44'E; holotype: 

USNM 230060; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.23.3 Neonoemacheilus mengdingensis Zhu & Guo, in 

Zhu, 1989 

Neonoemacheilus mengdingensis Zhu & Guo, in Zhu, 1989: 

67, fig. 46 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Gengmaxian 

County: Nanding River near Mengding [Salween drainage]; 

holotype: NGI 806206; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.23.4 ? Neonoemacheilus morehensis Arunkumar, 2000 

Neonoemacheilus morehensis Arunkumar, 2000a: 44, fig. 1 

(type locality: India: Manipur: Lokchao River at Moreh, 

110 km south of Imphal [Chindwin drainage]; holotype: 

MUMF F 620/1A; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.23.5 Neonoemacheilus peguensis (Hora, 1929) 

Nemachilus peguensis Hora, 1929: 321, pl. 14 figs. 1–2 (type 

locality: Burma: Pegu Yoma range; holotype: ZSI F 

11057/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 123; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

10.24 Oreonectes Günther, 1868 

Oreonectes Günther, 1868: 369 (type species: Oreonectes 

platycephalus Günther, 1868: 369, by monotypy). Gender 

masculine. 

Octonema Martens, 1869a: 608 (subgenus of Homaloptera

van Hasselt, 1823: 133; type species: Homaloptera rotundicauda 

Martens, 1869a: 608, by monotypy). Gender 

neuter. 


10.24.1 'Oreonectes' elongatus Tang, Zhao & Zhang, 2012 

Oreonectes elongatus Tang, Zhao & Zhang, 2012: 484, fig. 

2 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Huanjiang Co.: Donglei 

Cave in Mulun Township; holotype: ASIZB 189288; 


Taxonomic notes. The original description and figure suggest 

this is not a species of Oreonectes since it has a forked 

(vs. rounded) caudal fin and the dorsal-fin origin clearly in 

front of the pelvic-fin origin (vs. conspicuously behind the 

pelvic-fin base). 


10.24.2 'Oreonectes' furcocaudalis Zhu & Cao, 1987 

Oreonectes furcocaudalis Zhu & Cao, 1987: 326, figs. 5–6 

(type locality: China: Guangxi: Ronshui County: an outlet 

of subterranean waters near Rongshui [25°04'N 

109°13'E; Romero et al., 2009: 253]; holotype: IHB 

83V331; compound noun, indeclinable) 







10.24.3 'Oreonectes' macrolepis Huang, Du, Chen & 

Yang, 2009 

Oreonectes macrolepis Huang, Du, Chen & Yang, 2009: 446, 

fig. 1 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Maonan County: 

Huanjiang City: Da Cai Xiang [24°45'41"N 

108°22'08"E], Shen Long Gong He stream [a cave ?], 

Pearl River drainage; holotype: KIZ 2008008131; compound 








10.24.4 'Oreonectes' microphthalmus Du, Chen & Yang, 

2008 

Oreonectes microphthalmus Du, Chen & Yang, 2008: 28, 

fig. 4 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Du'an County 

[24°15'N 107°05'E; Romero et al., 2009: 254]; holotype: 

KIZ 2004009395; also spelt microphthalma p. 29, as first 

reviser I select microphthalmus as correct original spelling; 








94 


10.24.5 'Oreonectes' translucens Zhang, Zhao & Zhang, 

2006 

Oreonectes translucens Zhang, Zhao & Zhang, 2006: 612, 

fig. 1 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Du'an County: 

Xia'ao Cave near Xia'ao town [24°15'N 107°05'E; Romero 

et al., 2009: 255]; holotype: ASIZB 94785, Tang, Zhao 

& Zhang, 2012: 489, fig. 5; participle, indeclinable) 





pelvic-fin base). Treated as synonym of Triplophysa longibarbata 

by Du et al. (2008: 33), treated as valid following 

Tang, Zhao & Zhang (2012: 486). 

10.24.6 Oreonectes anophthalmus Zheng, in Zheng, 1981 

Oreonectes anophthalmus Zheng, in Zheng, 1981: 162, 

fig. 134 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Wuming County: 

Qi Feng Shan, Taiji Cave [23'06"N 108°40'E; Romero 

et al., 2009: 252]; holotype: ASIZB 77001 [Zhang, 

1996: 500]; compound adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.24.7 Oreonectes guananensis Yang, Wei, Lan & Yang, 

2011 

Oreonectes guananensis Yang, Wei, Lan & Yang, 2011: 72, 

fig. 1 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Huanjiang County: 

Changmei town [24°57'19"N 108°28'14"E], Guan'an village 

[24°56'15"N 108°23'29"E] [Chinese text: tributary 

of Xiaohuanjiang, Xijiang drainage]; holotype: KIZ 


10.24.8 Oreonectes luochengensis Yang, Wu, Wei & Yang, 

2011 

Oreonectes luochengensis Yang, Wu, Wei & Yang, 2011: 

209, figs. 1–2 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Luocheng 

County: cave approximately 2 km southeast of Tianhe 

town, within Tianhe drainage, itself in Xijiang drainage; 

holotype: KIZ 2010003073; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.24.9 Oreonectes platycephalus Günther, 1868 

Oreonectes platycephalus Günther, 1868: 369 (type locality: 

China: Hongkong Mountains; syntypes: BMNH 

1848.7.12.6–7 [2], 1855.3.27.16–18 [3], 1858.9.19.155– 

173 [19], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; compound adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Homaloptera rotundicauda Martens, 1869a: 608 (type locality: 

China: Hong Kong; holotype: ZMB 6842; compound 


Oreonectes yenlingi Lin, 1932b: 380 (type locality: China: 

Kwangtung [Guangdong]: Canton: White Cloud Mountain; 

holotype: FESC 1098; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.24.10 Oreonectes polystigmus Du, Chen & Yang, 2008 

Oreonectes polystigmus Du, Chen & Yang, 2008: 30, fig. 7 

(type locality: China: Guangxi: Guilin City, Dabu village; 

holotype: KIZ 2001060507; compound adjective, 

-us, -a, -um)

10.24.11 Oreonectes retrodorsalis Lan, Yang & Chen, 

1995 

Oreonectes retrodorsalis Lan, Yang & Chen, 1995: 366, fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Guangxi: Nandan County: Liuzhai 

town, Longli village, outlet of underground river, 25°10'N 

107°10'E; holotype: KIZ 9110001; compound noun, indeclinable) 

10.25 Oxynoemacheilus Banarescu & Nalbant, 1966 

Oxynoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966a: 153 (subgenus 

of Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863a: 37; type species: 

Cobitis persa Heckel, 1848b: 266, by original designation). 


Nun Bănărescu & Nalbant, in Bănărescu, Nalbant & Goren, 

1982: 23 (type species: Cobitis galilaea Günther, 1864: 


Nanoschistura Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007: 82, fig. 11 

(nomen nudum) 

Taxonomic notes. A very heterogenous (and likely polyphyletic) 

genus in which two main 'groups' can be recognised: 

species with a relatively contrasted pattern, relatively more 

slender body and caudal peduncle, forked caudal fin, and in 

some species a suborbital flap in males; and species with a 

stouter body and caudal peduncle, a dull brown marmorated 

pattern, a truncate or emarginate caudal fin, and no suborbital 

flap in males. This last group has often been included 

in Barbatula. Synonymy and included species partly based 

on Freyhof et al. (2012). 

10.25.1 Oxynoemacheilus anatolicus Erk'akan, Özeren 

& Nalbant, 2008 

Oxynemacheilus anatolica Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 

2008b: 117, fig. 4 (type locality: Turkey: tributary of 

Karamanli Reservoir, Burdur [37°24'34.33"N 

29°49'54.94"E]; holotype: HUIC AKD 13; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.25.2 Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner, 1897) 

Nemachilus Angorae Steindachner, 1897: 693, pl. 4 fig. 4a– 

c (type locality: Turkey: Tabakane-Su and Tschibuk- 

Tschai, both in the vicinity of Angora [Ankara]; syntypes: 

NMW [16]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.25.3 Oxynoemacheilus araxensis (Banarescu & Nalbant, 

in Banarescu, Nalbant & Balik, 1978) 

Orthrias angorae araxensis Bănărescu & Nalbant, in 

Bănărescu, Nalbant & Balik, 1978: 259, fig. 2, pl. 20 

figs. 1–4 (type locality: Turkey: Kandili Karassu, Upper 

Araxes drainage [actually Kandiili is a city on the upper 

Karasu, in the Tigris-Euphrates drainage; Erk'akan & 

Kuru, 1986a: 108]; holotype: ZMH 4827; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

10.25.4 Oxynoemacheilus argyrogramma (Heckel, 1848) 

Cobitis argyrogramma Heckel, 1848a: 239, pl. 18 fig. 3 (type 

locality: Syria: Aleppo; syntypes: NMW 48541 [8], 59913 

[4], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Noemacheilus insignis euphraticus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 


95 

1964: 175, pl. 7 figs. 11–12 (type locality: Turkey: eastern 

Anatolia: Malay [probably Malatya]; holotype: ZMH 

H 1889, Wilkens, 1977: 158; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Noemacheilus tschaiyssuensis Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1964: 

177, pl. 8 fig. 13 (type locality: Turkey: Tchay-Su, between 

Keyson (37°30'N 37°50'E) and Gaziantep (37°00'N 

37°30'E), Ceyhan drainage; holotype: BMNH 

1935.9.12.57; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Krupp & Schneider (1991: 26) treated 

C. argyrogramma as a synonym of O. insignis, without discussion. 

Placed in Oxynoemacheilus by Prokofiev (2009b: 

880), but also as a possible synonym of Paracobitis tigris. 

Noemacheilus insignis euphraticus was treated as a valid 

species by Nalbant & Bianco (1999: 110) and as subspecies 

of O. brandtii by Prokofiev (2009b: 880). Synonymy follows 

Freyhof et al. (2012). 

10.25.5 Oxynoemacheilus banarescui (Delmastro, 1892) 

Orthrias brandti banarescui Delmastro, 1982: 53, figs. 1–3 

(type locality: Turkey: Devrekani creek near Devrekani, 

Kocacay basin; holotype: MCSNC; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.25.6 Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (Derzhavin, 1934) 

Nemachilus bergianus Derzhavin, 1934: 109, fig. 8 (type 

locality: Iran: Kisum in Sefi-rud basin and Shah-rud, a 

tributary of Sefid-rud; syntype: ZISP 25433 [1], Eschmeyer 


10.25.7 Oxynoemacheilus brandtii (Kessler, 1877) 

Nemachilus Brandtii Kessler, 1877: 174, pl. 6 fig. 23 (type 

locality: Georgia: Kara River [Kura] at Tiflis [Tbilisi]; 

syntypes [5]: BMNH 1897.7.5.39 [1], Eschmeyer & 

Fricke, 2010; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

? Nemachilus brandti gibbusnazus Elanidze, 1983: 209 (type 

locality: Georgia: upper reaches of Alazani River at Alvani 

village [42°03'06"N 45°14'15"E], a left bank tributary 

of Kura; syntypes [60]: LU; compound noun, indeclinable) 

10.25.8 Oxynoemacheilus bureschi (Drensky, 1928) 

Nemacheilus Bureschi Drensky, 1928: 160, 179, fig. 1 (type 

locality: Bulgaria: Radomir District: Struma River, near 

Semen railway station / tributaries of Struma River in 

Küstendil and Dupniza districts [Kjustendil: 42°17'60"N 

22°41'24"E; Dupnitsa: 42°16'12"N 23°7'12"E]; syntypes: 

NHMS [2]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Orthrias brandti macedonicus Šorić, 2000: 83, fig. 1 (type 

locality: FYROM: steam Dosnica near Demir Kapija, 

Vardar drainage; holotype: BIKU; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

10.25.9 Oxynoemacheilus ceyhanensis (Erk'akan, Nalbant 

& Özeren, 2007) 

Schistura ceyhanensis Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007: 

80, fig. 10 (type locality: Turkey: Kahramanmaras Province: 

Elbistan District: Yalak village, 38°39'N 36°37'E; 

holotype: HUIC CEY-1; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. The coordinates of the type locality are 

the same as for the holotypes of Barbatula paucilepis, Schis-

10.24.9 Oreonectes platycephalus, CMK 7207, 43.8 mm SL; China: 

Hongkong. 

tura evreni and S. seyhanicola, although the localities are 

different. 

10.25.10 Oxynoemacheilus cinicus (Erk'akan, Nalbant & 

Özeren 2007) 

Barbatula cinica Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007: 73, 

fig. 4 (type locality: Turkey: road from Kütahya to Denizli, 

Cin Stream, 39°40'N 29°30'E; holotype: HUIC BM- 


10.25.11 Oxynoemacheilus cyri (Berg, 1910) 

Nemachilus tigris cyri Berg, 1910a: 0165, 0170 (type locality: 

Turkey: Kars Province: Okam village, Gel plain, Kura 

drainage; syntypes: ZISP 13291 [6+], 16885 [2], Eschmeyer 

& Fricke, 2010; available by indication to Nemacheilus 

tigris of Berg, 1906b: 39 [Berg, 1910a originally 

refers to the 1906 paper as published in 1907, but he 

later corrected the date as 1906; see, e.g. Berg, 1949: 

878]; also in Berg, 1910b: 128, with locality as "sources 

of Kura River, Caucasus"; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Generic position follows Freyhof et al. 

(2012). 

10.25.12 Oxynoemacheilus ercisianus (Erk'akan & Kuru, 

1986) 

Orthrias angorae ercisianus Erk'akan & Kuru, 1986b: 161, 

fig. 1 (type locality: Turkey: Ercis stream, a tributary of 

Lake Van; holotype: HUIC; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Nemacheilus pulsiz Krupp, 1992: 291 (type locality: Turkey: 

Van Gölü basin: road from Ercis to Patnos; holotype: 

ZMH 7995) 


(2012). 

10.25.13 Oxynoemacheilus erdali (Erk'akan, Nalbant & 

Özeren, 2007) 

Barbatula erdali Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007: 78, 

fig. 8 (type locality: Turkey: Murat River - Agri, 39°40'N 

43°44'E; holotype: HUIC F12; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.25.14 Oxynoemacheilus eregliensis (Banarescu & 

Nalbant, in Banarescu, Nalbant & Balik, 1978) 

Orthrias angorae eregliensis Bănărescu & Nalbant, in Bănărescu, 

Nalbant & Balik, 1978: 258, fig. 1 (type locality: 

Turkey: central Anatolia: Eregli; holotype: ZMH 1921; 


10.25.15 Oxynoemacheilus evreni (Erk'akan, Nalbant & 

Özeren, 2007) 

Schistura evreni Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007: 82, 


96 

fig. 12 (type locality: Turkey: Tekir stream, Göksu basin, 

38°39'N 36°37'E; holotype: HUIC SEY-3; noun in 


Taxonomic notes. In the original description, the coordinates 

are the same as for the holotypes of Barbatula paucilepis, 

Schistura ceyhanensis and S. seyhanicola, although 

the localities are different. 

10.25.16 Oxynoemacheilus frenatus (Heckel, 1843) 

Cobitis frenata Heckel, 1843: 1086, pl. 12 fig. 1 (type locality: 

Iraq: Tigris River at Mossul; syntypes: NMW 48552 

[5], ? NRM 15477 [1]; invalid lectotype designation by 

Nalbant & Bianco, 1999: 112; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Nemachilus frenatus afrenatus Battalgil, 1941: 183 (type 

locality: Turkey: Diyarbakir [Tigris drainage; 37°55'N 

40°14'E]; syntypes: LU; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Nomenclatural notes. Nalbant & Bianco (1999: 112) wrote: 

"A lectotype has been selected from type material of this 

species [B. frenata] (Type locality: Mosul), housed in NMW, 

examined by one of us (TN). The lectotype corresponds to 

the description and the illustration given by Heckel (1843)". 

No information is provided that allows to identify this 'lectotype' 

among the syntypes and, therefore, the designation is 

not valid. The Code art. 74.5 requires that a lectotype must 

be "a particular syntype" "unambiguously selected". 

10.25.17 Oxynoemacheilus galilaeus (Günther, 1864) 

Cobitis galilaea Günther, 1864: 493 (type locality: Israel: 

Lake of Galilee [Lake Kinneret]; holotype: BMNH 

1863.11.3.8; adjective -us, -a, -um) 

Nomenclatural notes. The word galilaea can be either the 

nominative singular of the noun Galilaea or the nominative 

singular feminine of the adjective galilaeus. Günther (1864) 

did not indicate whether the word was treated as a noun or 

an adjective and, under a blind application of Code art. 31.2.2, 

galilaea should then be treated as a noun in apposition and 

be invariable. But, art. 31.2.2 says "where it may be regarded 

as either and the evidence of usage is not decisive". While 

galilaea could be regarded grammatically as either noun or 

adjective, the usage (syntax and meaning) shows it is an adjective. 

For an author of that period, it would have been 

awkard to use the noun Galilaea in the nominative in apposition 

(C. galilaea would then translate as 'Galilee-loach'); he 

would have used the genitive (C. galilaeae, which would 

translate as 'loach of Galilee') or the adjective (C. galilaea 

would then translate as 'Galilean loach'). The last option 

would have been the best, and from external evidence we 

know that Günther later (1868: 355) treated the name as an 

adjective when he transferred the species to Nemacheilus 

("Nemachilus galilaeus"). Therefore the name is treated here 

as an adjective. 

10.25.18 Oxynoemacheilus germencicus (Erk'akan, Nalbant 

& Özeren, 2007) 

Barbatula germencica Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007: 

70, fig. 2 (type locality: Turkey: Aydin Province: "Germencik 

15 th km", 37°38'N 27°28'E; holotype: HUIC BM- 

1; adjective, -us, -a, -um)

10.25.8 Oxynoemacheilus bureschi, CMK 17403, 58.5 mm SL; 

FYR of Macedonia: Vardar drainage. 

10.25.7 Oxynoemacheilus brandti, CMK 19463, 45.4 mm SL; 

Turkey: Arax drainage. 

10.25.19 Oxynoemacheilus hamwii (Krupp & Schneider, 

1991) 

Nemacheilus hamwii Krupp & Schneider, 1991: 24, figs. 1– 

5 (type locality: Syria: Nahr Afrin in Afrin, 36°31'N 

36°52'E; holotype: SMF 17398) 

10.25.20 Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel, 1843) 

Cobitis insignis Heckel, 1843: 1087, pl. 12 fig. 2 (type locality: 

Syria: Damascus [33°30'N 36°20'E]; syntypes: NMW 

[4], SMF 166 [2], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

Noemacheilus angorae jordanicus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 

1966b: 329, fig. 1, pl. 5 fig. 1 (type locality: Jordan: Wadi 

Kufrinja, east bank of Jordan River, 1.5 km upstream of 

its delta [32°16'N 35°34'E]; holotype: ZMH H 2738, 

Wilkens, 1977: 158; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

? Nemacheilus insignis tortonesei Bănărescu & Nalbant, 

1966b: 331, figs. 2–3, pl. 4 figs. 2–4 (type locality: Jordan: 

springs of Wadi-Um-ed-Dananir, tributary of Zerqua, 

about 25 km north of Amman, Jordan basin [about 

32°04'N 35°50'E]; holotype: ZMH H 2742, Wilkens, 


Orthrias dori Goren & Bănărescu, in Bănărescu, Nalbant & 

Goren, 1982: 12, figs. 9–13 (type locality: Israel: Nahal 

Malkoah, Bet She'an Valley [about 32°25'N 35°30'E]; 

holotype: TAU 8278; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Orthrias pantheroides Goren & Nalbant, in Bănărescu, Nalbant 

& Goren, 1982: 16, figs. 14–18, pl. 2 figs. 9–10 

(type locality: Israel: Tanuria Springs, Golan Heights 

[32°58'N 35°48'E]; holotype: TAU 8292) 

Orthrias israeliticus Goren & Nalbant, in Bănărescu, Nalbant 

& Goren, 1982: 19, figs. 19–23 (type locality: Israel: 

'Ein Rewaia, Bet She'an Valley [32°28'N 35°28'E]; 

holotype: TAU 3073; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Krupp & Schneider 

(1989: 380) and Freyhof et al. (2012). 

10.25.21 Oxynoemacheilus kaynaki Erk'akan, Özeren & 

Nalbant, 2008 

Oxynemacheilus kaynaki Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 


97 

10.25.11 Oxynoemacheilus cyri, CMK 18530, 63.5 mm SL; Turkey: 

Arax drainage. 

10.25.12 Oxynoemacheilus ercisianus, CMK 22393, 71.3 mm SL; 

Turkey: Lake Van basin. 

2008b: 115, fig. 1 (type locality: Turkey: Goksu River, 

Nurhak, Elbistan, Euphrates drainage; 37°53'22.82"N 

37°22'19.99"E; holotype: HUIC F-20; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

10.25.22 Oxynoemacheilus kermanshahensis (Banarescu 

& Nalbant, 1966) 

Noemacheilus kermanshahensis Bănărescu & Nalbant, 

1966a: 151, figs. 1–2, pl. 19 fig. 2 (type locality: Iran: 

Kermanshah in Karun River drainage, a tributary of lower 

Euphrates [Tigris drainage: stream Quareh Su at Kermanshah, 

a tributary of Shimarek River, itself a tributary 

of Karkheh; Nalbant & Bianco, 1999: 110; Karkheh is 

an endorheic drainage; 32°29'N 48°07'E]; holotype: 

ZMUC P 2787; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.25.23 Oxynoemacheilus kiabii Golzarianpour, Abdoli 

& Freyhof, 2011 

Oxynoemacheilus kiabii Golzarianpour, Abdoli & Freyhof, 

2011: 202, figs. 1–3 (type locality: Iran: Hamadan Province: 

stream Dehnoo, 3 km west of Nahavand on road 

from Nahavand to Sarab-e-Gamasiab, 34°10'N 48°24'E; 

holotype: ZFMK 41847; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.25.24 Oxynoemacheilus kosswigi (Erk'akan & Kuru, 

1986) 

Orthrias angorae kosswigi Erk'akan & Kuru, 1986a: 107, 

fig. 1 (type locality: Turkey: Sivas Province: Yildiz çayi, 

Yildizeli [Kizil Irmak drainage, 39°52'N 36°37'E]; holotype: 

HUIC; noun in genitive, indeclinable)

10.25.25 Oxynoemacheilus lenkoranensis (Abdurakhmanov, 

1962) 

? Nemacheilus bergi Gratsianov, 1907: 163, 167 (based on 

Nemachilus spec. ? of Berg, 1899: 30, 72; type locality: 

Azerbaijan: Akstapha River [Akstafa; Aghstev, 41°15'N 

45°26'E], right tributary of Kura River, Caspian basin; 

syntypes [2]: ZMT; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Nemacheilus angorae lenkoranensis Abdurakhmanov, 1962: 

285, fig. 50 (type locality: Azerbaidjan: Lenkoran; holotype: 

LU [? Baku Institute of Zoology]; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

? Nemachilus angorae alasanicus Elanidze, 1983: 204 (type 

locality: Georgia: upper reaches of Alazani River at Alvani 

village [42°03'06"N 45°14'15"E], a left bank tributary 

of Kura; syntypes [54]: LU; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.25.26 Oxynoemacheilus leontinae (Lortet, 1883) 

Nemachilus leontinae Lortet, 1883: 171, pl. 18 fig. 1 (type 

locality: Israel: Lake of Tiberias [Lake Kinneret]; lectotype: 

MGHNL 3665, designated by Krupp & Schneider, 


Taxonomic notes. Treated as a synonym of O. panthera by 

Prokofiev (2009b: 880) and Bănărescu et al. (1982: 16). 

10.25.27 Oxynoemacheilus mediterraneus (Erk'akan, 

Nalbant & Özeren, 2007) 

Barbatula mediterraneus Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007: 

74, fig. 5 (type locality: Turkey: Egirdir Province: Candir, 

Aksu Stream, 37°38'N 30°31'E; holotype: HUIC 

AKD-2a; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Taxonomic notes. Coordinates possibly erroneous; they are 

identical to those of the type locality of Seminemacheilus 

ispartensis, which has different locality data. 

10.25.28 Oxynoemacheilus merga (Krynicki, in Nordmann, 

1840) 

Cobitis merga Krynicki, in Nordmann, 1840: 470 (type locality: 

Russia: Stavropol Krai: North Caucasian Federal 

District: Podcoumok River near de Paitigorsk [Podkumok, 

tributary of Kuman, near Pyatigorsk; 44°2'0"N 

43°03"00"E]; types: LU; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Cobitis nurga Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 

24 (unjustified emendation of Cobitis merga Krynicki, 

1840: 470) 

Nemacheilus terekensis Gratzianow, 1907: 163, 167 (type 

locality: Russia: North Osetia-Alanya: Terek River at 

Vladjkavkaz [Vladikavkas]; syntypes: ZMMU P-3318 

[24], Vasilieva et al., in Pavlinov & Borissenko, 2001: 


10.25.29 Oxynoemacheilus namiri (Krupp & Schneider, 

1991) 

Nemacheilus namiri Krupp & Schneider, 1991: 28, figs. 7– 

13 (type locality: Syria: Orontes River at Jisr ash-Shughur, 

35°48'N 36°19'E; holotype: SMF 17837; noun in 



(2012). 


98 

10.25.30 'Oxynoemacheilus' oxianus (Kessler, 1877) 

Nemachilus Brandtii var. oxiana Kessler, 1877: 177 (type 

locality: Uzbekistan: lower reaches of Amu-Darya; holotype: 

ZISP; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Nemachilus flavus Berg, 1905: 193, pl. 6 figs. 3–5 (type locality: 

Uzbekistan: Amu-Darya below Chardzkui [Chardjui, 

Chardzhou, now Türkmenabat, Turkemenistan; 

39°05'00"N 63°34'00"E]; lectotype: ZISP 13282, designated 

by Berg, 1949: 879 [caption of fig. 625], or if not 

valid from Russian text, from translation in Berg, 1965: 


Nemacheilus oxianus natio zeravschani Turdakov, 1936: 199 

(an infrasubspecific name, not available; locality: Uzbekistan: 

Zeravshan drainage: Ak-Darya River) 

Taxonomic notes. Apparently represents an unnamed genus 

(see Prokofiev, 2009b: 896). 

10.25.31 Oxynoemacheilus panthera (Heckel, 1843) 

Cobitis panthera Heckel, 1843: 1087, pl. 12 fig. 2 (type locality: 

Syria: Damascus [33°30'N 36°20'E]; syntypes: NMW 

48565 [3], 15478 [1]; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Cobitis leopardus Heckel, 1843: 1089 (type locality: Syria: 

Damascus [33°30'N 36°20'E]; holotype: NMW 48559; 

simultaneous subjective synonym of Cobitis panthera 

Heckel, 1843: 1087; first reviser [Günther, 1868: 355] 

gave precedence to C. panthera; also in Heckel, 1848a: 

241, pl. 18, fig. 4; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

10.25.32 Oxynoemacheilus paucilepis (Erk'akan, Nalbant 

& Özeren, 2007) 

Barbatula paucilepis Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007: 79, 

fig. 9 (type locality: Turkey: Sivas Province: Mancilik 

stream, Gürün, 38°39'N 37°38'E; holotype: HUIC F2; 

also spelt paucllepis on p. 70, fig. 1, an obvious inadvertent 


32.5.1]; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. In the original description, this species is 

said to be "close" to and compared with Paracobitis tigris 

but not with other species of Barbatula. The coordinates of 

the type locality are the same as for the holotypes of Schistura 

ceyhanensis, S. evreni and S. seyhanicola, although they 

have different locality data. Generic position follows Freyhof 

et al. (2012). 

10.25.33 Oxynoemacheilus persa (Heckel, 1848) 

Cobitis persa Heckel, 1848b: 266 (type locality: Iran: springs 

around Persepolis [Marvdasht Plain, about 70 km northeast 

of Shiraz; 29°56'04"N 52°53'29"E]; holotype: NMW 

48567, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

Orthrias farsicus Nalbant & Bianco, 1999: 111, fig. 6 (type 

locality: Iran: Kor River near Persepolis [Marvdasht 

Plain, about 70 km northeast of Shiraz; 29°56'04"N 52° 

53'29"E]; holotype: IZA 7823; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Freyhof et al. (2012). 

10.25.34 Oxynoemacheilus phoxinoides (Erk'akan, Nalbant 

& Özeren, 2007) 

Barbatula phoxinoides Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007: 

75, fig. 6 (type locality: Turkey: Iznik Province: 40°41'N

29°30'E; holotype: HUIC MAR-7g; adjective, indeclinable) 

10.25.35 Oxynoemacheilus pindus (Economidis, 2005) 

Orthrias pindus Economidis, 1991: 26, p. 42 (fig. 4), 1992: 

75, 49 (nomen nudum; locality: Greece: Epiros: Aoos 

River drainage) 

Barbatula pindus Economidis, 2005: 67, figs. 1–2 (type 

locality: Greece: Epiros: Aoos drainage, stream Sarantoporos 

near village Drosopygi; holotype: DZAUT 1977- 

215a; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

10.25.36 Oxynoemacheilus samanticus (Banarescu & 

Nalbant, in Banarescu, Nalbant & Balik, 1978) 

Orthrias brandti samantica Bănărescu & Nalbant, in Bănărescu, 

Nalbant & Balik, 1978: 263, fig. 4. (type locality: 

Turkey: tributary of Samanti, between Pinarbasi and 

Sarizi, Seyhan drainage; holotype: ZMH 3633; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.25.37 Oxynoemacheilus seyhanensis (Banarescu, 1968) 

Noemacheilus tigris seyhanensis Bănărescu, 1968: 355, pl. 3 

figs. 2–3 (type locality: Turkey: between Viransehir and 

Kazancik, upper Seyhan drainage; holotype: ZMH H 

4014, Wilkens, 1977: 159; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Generic position and validity follow Freyhof 

et al. (2012). 

10.25.38 Oxynoemacheilus seyhanicola (Erk'akan, Nalbant 

& Özeren, 2007) 

Schistura seyhanicola Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007: 

81, fig. 11 (type locality: Turkey: dam bridge near Adana, 

Seyhan drainage, 38°39'N 36°37'E; holotype: HUIC SEY- 

1; also spelt seyhanicolo on p. 82, fig. 11, an obvious 


art. 32.5.1]; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. The coordinates of the type locality are 

the same as for the holotypes of Barbatula paucilepis, Schistura 

evreni and S. ceyhanensis, although the localities are 

different. 



10.25.39 Oxynoemacheilus simavicus (Balik & Banarescu, 

in Banarescu, Nalbant & Balik, 1978) 

Orthrias brandti simavica Balik & Bănărescu, in Bănărescu, 

Nalbant & Balik, 1978: 261, fig. 3 (type locality: Turkey: 

"Simav creek, Kütahya" [seems impossible; Simav 

stream, flows through Balikesir (39°39'N 27°53'E), joins 

Koca and flows to Sea of Marmara; Kütahya (39°25'N 

29°56'E) is in Sakarya drainage, which flows to Black 

Sea; see Stoumboudi et al., 2006: 143]; holotype: ISBB 


10.25.40 Oxynoemacheilus theophilii Stoumboudi, Kottelat 

& Barbieri, 2006 

Oxynoemacheilus theophilii Stoumboudi, Kottelat & Barbieri, 

2006: 140, fig. 8 (type locality: Greece: Lesbos 

Island: Tsingou springs, in Evergetoulas drainage; holotype: 

MHNG 2679.009; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 


99 

Barbatula bergamensis Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007: 

71, fig. 3 (type locality: Turkey: Bergama Province: 

Kozak (Madra) creek, 39°40'N 27°28'E; holotype: HUIC 

KE-1; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.25.41 Oxynoemacheilus tigris (Heckel, 1843) 

Cobitis tigris Heckel, 1843: 1088, pl. 12 fig. 4 (type locality: 

Syria: Kueik stream near Aleppo; syntypes: NMW 

48441 [2], 49444 [2], 49445 [4], 49446 [2], SMF 405 

[3], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 


(2012). 

10.25.42 Oxynoemacheilus tongiorgii (Nalbant & Bianco, 

1999) 

Seminemacheilus tongiorgii Nalbant & Bianco, 1999: 113, 

fig. 11 (type locality: Iran: large spring near Darab 

[28°44'56"N 54°33'05"E], Kul River drainage; holotype: 

IZA 801; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.26 Paracobitis Bleeker, 1863 

Paracobitis Bleeker, 1863a: 37 (type species: Cobitis malapterura 

Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 

88, by original designation; also in Bleeker, 1863c: 3). 


Pseudodon Kessler, 1874: 40 (type species: Cobitis longicauda 

Kessler, 1872: 65, by monotypy; junior homonym 

of Pseudodon Gould, 1845: 161 in Mollusca). Gender 

masculine. 

Adiposia Annandale & Hora, 1920: 182 (type species: Nemacheilus 

macmahoni Chaudhuri, 1910b: 341, by original 


Taxonomic notes. See Homatula for the Chinese species 

usually placed in Paracobitis. 

10.26.1 Paracobitis boutanensis (M'Clelland & Griffith, 

in M'Clelland, 1842) 

Cobitis boutanensis M'Clelland & Griffith, in M'Clelland, 

1842: 586 (type locality: "Boutan, on the Mishmee mountains" 

[erroneous, Bolas Pass, Helmand drainage, according 

to Hora, 1928: 482; Pakistan: Balochistan: Bholan 

or Bolan Pass, 28°01'N 67°04'E]; holotype: BMNH 

1860.3.14.775; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. M'Clelland indicated the type locality as 

'Boutan, on the Mishmee mountains'. Hora (1928: 482) corrected 

it as "Bolas Pass, Helmand". It seems to be Bolan or 

Bohlan Pass, see above. Griffith (in M'Clelland, 1842: 562) 

listed the species he obtained in the rivers of Bolan pass; the 

list does not mention loaches but it is probably not exhaustive. 

10.26.2 Paracobitis ghazniensis (Banarescu & Nalbant, 

1966) 

Noemacheilus ghazniensis Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966a: 

162, fig. 7, pl. 20 figs. 4–5 (type locality: East Afghanistan: 

Ghazni [33°33'N 68°26'E], on Ghazni River, tributary 

of Ab-i-istadah Lake, Helmand drainage; holotype: 

BMNH 1944.4.1.1; adjective, -is, -is, -e)

10.26.3 Paracobitis iranica, CMK 21898, 60.8 mm SL; Iran: 

Qomtra. 

10.26.3 Paracobitis iranica Nalbant & Bianco, 1999 

Paracobitis iranica Nalbant & Bianco, 1999: 114, fig. 13 

(type locality: Iran: Qom River near Qom City [34°38'N 

50°53'E]; holotype: IZA 7831; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.26.4 Paracobitis longicauda (Kessler) 

Cobitis longicauda Kessler, 1872: 65, pl. 11 figs. 30–31 (type 

locality: Uzbekistan: Ak-Darya [tributary of Zeravshan]; 

holotype: ZISP 2686; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Treated as valid species by Prokofiev 

(2009b: 888). 

10.26.5 Paracobitis malapterura (Valenciennes, in Cuvier 


Cobitis malapterura Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846: 88, pl. 523 (type locality: "sent from Syria"; syntypes: 

MNHN 3962 [1], B-3070 [1], Bertin & Estève, 

1948: 96; Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; compound adjective, 

-us, -a, -um [as shown in French translation by Valenciennes]) 

Taxonomic notes. The type locality is usually listed as "Syria". 

But Valenciennes explicitly mentioned that "Mr Aucher 

Eloy (1792–1838) has sent, from Syria, a loach" and not that 

the loach was from Syria. Aucher Eloy was a botanist who 

travelled throughout most of Southwest Asia and sold natural 

history specimens. The material was apparently received 

in Paris in 1840 (after his death) and his last travels have 

been especially in Iran and as far east as Balochistan. He does 

not seem to have travelled much in Syria (Aucher Eloy, 1843). 

Nalbant & Bianco (1999: 114) listed and figured a specimen 

in MNHN (no catalogue number listed) as holotype of 

Cobitis malapterura. It is nowhere stated in the original description 

that Valenciennes based his description on a single 

specimen (his use of singular is because he constantly referred 

to the species, not to individuals). Thus there is no 

reason not to consider the two specimens MNHN 3962 and 

B-3070 as syntypes. 

Figure 12 in Nalbant & Bianco (1999: 114) shows both a 

photograph of the "holotype" and the drawing of the same 

specimen in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1846: pl. 523). They 

disagree in showing the eye more backwards and protruding 

over the dorsal head profile in the drawing (vs. not in the 

photograph), the dorsal-fin origin clearly closer to the base 

of the caudal fin than to the tip of the snout (vs. about halfway), 

differences in the shape of the adipose crest, and the 

shape of the belly in the drawing is a free reconstruction. 

10.26.6 Paracobitis rhadinaea (Regan, 1906) 

Nemachilus rhadinaeus Regan, 1906a: 8 (type locality: Afghanistan: 

affluents of Helmand River; syntypes: BMNH 


100 

10.27.1 Paranemachilus genilepis, ASIZB 60382, 79.0 mm SL, 

holotype; China: Guangxi: Changping. (Photograph by Zhao Ya- 

Hui; caudal peduncle retouched by author). 

1905.11.29.28–29 [2], ZSI F 1240/1 [1], Menon & 

Yazdani, 1968: 120; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Nemachilus macmahoni Chaudhuri, 1910b: 341 (type locality: 

Afghanistan: affluents of Helmand River; holotype: 

ZSI F 1222/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 120; noun in 


Taxonomic notes. Both N. rhadineus and N. macmahoni 

have been collected by the Seistan Arbitration Commission 

and have no other locality information besides "affluents of 

the Helmand". All headwaters of Helmand River seem to be 

in Afghanistan, although the BMNH register indicates the 

locality of BMNH 1905.11.29.28–29 as Iran. 

10.26.7 Paracobitis smithi (Greenwood, 1976) 

Noemacheilus smithi Greenwood, 1976: 130, fig. 1 (type 

locality: Iran: Zagros Mountains: Kaaje-Ru [33°05'N 

48°36'E] near Baq-e-Loveh Oasis; holotype: BMNH 


Taxonomic notes. I tentatively follow Nalbant & Bianco 

(1999: 115) who placed this species in Paracobitis, but without 

discussion. 

10.26.8 Paracobitis vignai Nalbant & Bianco, 1999 

Paracobitis vignai Nalbant & Bianco, 1999: 115, figs. 14 

(type locality: Iran: Seistan: Nahr-Taheri, Zabol 

[31°01'48"N 61°29'42"E]; holotype: IZA 7838; noun in 


10.27 Paranemachilus Zhu, 1983 

Paranemachilus Zhu, 1983: 311 (type species: Paranemachilus 

genilepis Zhu, 1983: 311, by original designation). 


Nomenclatural notes. Contrary to statement in Romero et 

al. (2009: 257), the original spelling Paranemachilus must 

be retained. The spelling Paranemachilus is used five times 

in the paper and this cannot be called a lapsus or an inadvertent 

error in the sense of Code art. 32.5.1. Also, neither 

Nemacheilus nor Nemachilus is used in the paper and comment 

that the spelling Paranemacheilus was intended is not 

supported; it is also irrelevant in regard to the Code. 

10.27.1 Paranemachilus genilepis Zhu, 1983 

Paranemachilus genilepis Zhu, 1983: 311, figs. 1–4 (type 

locality: China: Guangxi: Fusui County: subterranean 

stream in Changping [22°42'N 107°53'E; Romero et al., 

2009: 257]; holotype: ASIZB 60382 [ex 790002]; compound 

noun, indeclinable)

10.28.2 Paraschistura bampurensis, CMK 21897, 42.6 mm SL; 

Iran: Hormuzgan. 

10.28 Paraschistura Prokofiev, 2009 

Paraschistura Prokofiev, 2009b: 891 (type species: Nemachilus 

sargadensis Nikolski, 1900: 415, by original designation). 


10.28.1 Paraschistura alepidota (Mirza & Banarescu, in 

Mirza, Banarescu & Nalbant, 1970) 

Noemacheilus rupecola alepidotus Mirza & Bănărescu, in 

Mirza, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1970: 55, fig. 10 (type locality: 

Pakistan: Madyan River, Swat drainage [Madyan 

town: 35°08'25"N 72°32'14"E]; holotype: ISBB 1356; 


10.28.2 Paraschistura bampurenris (Nikolski, 1900) 

Nemacheilus bampurensis Nikolski, 1900: 414 (type locality: 

Southeastern Iran: Sistan and Baluchestan Province: 

Kjuagun and Kashkin, near Bazman [village, maybe at 

27°39'30"N 59°58'30"E, near volcano Kuh-e Bazman, 

28°07'N 60°00'E], Bampur drainage, Jaz Murian endorheic 

basin; syntypes: ZISP 11698 [6], 11699 [6]; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

10.28.3 Paraschistura chrysicristinae (Nalbant, 1998) 

Schistura chrysicristinae Nalbant, 1998: 372, fig. 1 (type 

locality: Turkey: Batman River (tributary of upper Tigris) 

at Catalköprü, about 18 km east of Silvan; holotype: 

ISBB uncat.; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Generic placement based on geographic 

location and advice from J. Freyhof (pers. comm.). 

10.28.4 Paraschistura kessleri (Günther, 1889) 

Nemachilus kessleri Günther, 1889b: 109 (type locality: 

Afghanistan: Nushki [in fact Pakistan: Balochistan; 

29°33'N 66°01'E, Pishin Lora endorheic basin]; syntypes 

[8]: BMNH 1886.9.21.177–180 [4], ZSI 11487–11490 

[3]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.28.5 Paraschistura lepidocaulis (Mirza & Nalbant, in 

Mirza, Nalbant & Banarescu, 1981) 

Schistura kessleri lepidocaulis Mirza & Nalbant, in Mirza, 

Nalbant & Bănărescu, 1981: 110, figs. 9–13 (type locality: 

Pakistan: Kurram Tribal Agency: Parachinar 

[33°53'57"N 70°06'03"E], Kurram River drainage, a right 

tributary of Indus; holotype: ISBB 3366; compound noun, 

indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Usually listed as a synonym or subspecies 

of S. kessleri, which geographical distance and isolation 

in widely disjunct basins makes unlikely. 


101 

10.29.2 Petruichthys brevis, NRM 28473, 28.6 mm SL (male, 

above) and 32.1 mm SL (female, below); Myanmar: Inlé Lake. 

10.28.6 Paraschistura lindbergi (Banarescu & Mirza, 

1965) 

Noemacheilus lindbergi Bănărescu & Mirza, 1965: 265, 

figs. 1–4 (type locality: Afghanistan: Siaw, between Farah 

[32°20'37"N 62°07'10"E] and Dilaram [Delaram; 

32°09'50"N 63°25'51"E], at 780 m, in a rivulet in Farah 

Rud drainage, Helmand basin; holotype: HUJ 1572 [lost, 

Golani, 2006: 23]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Nemacheilus lindbergi haarlovi Bănărescu & Nalbant, 

1966a: 176, figs. 14–15, pl. 21 fig. 6 (type locality: Afghanistan: 

Kandahar Province: Pirzada [Khugiana; 

31°38'18"N 65°07'30"E], West of Kandahar, Helmand 

basin; holotype ZMUC P 27111 [ex 2811]; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Nemacheilus linbergi haarlovi is sometimes 

listed as a synonym or subspecies of S. kessleri, which 

geographical distance and isolation in widely disjunct endorheic 

basins makes very unlikely. 

10.28.7 Paraschistura microlabra (Mirza & Nalbant, in 

Mirza, Nalbant & Banarescu, 1981) 

Schistura microlabra Mirza & Nalbant, in Mirza, Nalbant 

& Bănărescu, 1981: 126, figs. 56–60 (type locality: Pakistan: 

Ali Masjid, Khyber Pass, Kabul River drainage; 

holotype: ISBB 3869; compound noun, indeclinable) 

10.28.8 Paraschistura naseeri (Ahmad & Mirza, 1963) 

Noemacheilus punjabensis naseeri Ahmad & Mirza, 1963: 

78, figs. 3–4 (type locality: Pakistan: Swat State: Madyan 

stream at Madyan [35°08'25"N 72°32'14"E]; syntypes 

[5]: LU; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.28.9 Paraschistura nielseni (Nalbant & Bianco, 1999) 

Schistura nielseni Nalbant & Bianco, 1999: 119, fig. 22 (type 

locality: Iran: Shah Bazar; holotype: ZMC P.27109; noun 


Taxonomic notes. Generic placement follows J. Freyhof 

(pers. comm.). 

10.28.10 Paraschistura pakistanica (Mirza & Banarescu, 

in Mirza, Banarescu & Nalbant, 1969) 

Noemacheilus pakistanicus Mirza & Bănărescu, in Mirza, 

Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1969: 87, pl. 1 figs. 1–3 (type local-

ity: Pakistan: Hindubagh, Zhob River drainage; holotype: 

ISBB 2005; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.28.11 Paraschistura prashari (Hora, 1933) 

Nemachilus prashari Hora, 1933: 189, pl. 5 figs. 1–2 (type 

locality: Pakistan: Northwest Frontier Province [Khyber 

Pakhtunkhwa Prov.]: spring 300 yards north of Kohat 

City; holotype: ZSI F 10719/1; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.28.12 Paraschistura punjabensis (Hora, 1923) 

Nemachilus punjabensis Hora, 1923: 384, figs. 2–3 (type 

locality: Pakistan: Punjab Province: Jhelum District: Pind 

Dadan Khan Tehsil [district; Pind Dadan Khan town: 

32°35'11"N 73°02'42"E]; syntypes: ZSI F10348/1 [6], 

Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

? Noemacheilus sargadensis paludani Bănărescu & Nalbant, 

1966a: 167, figs. 9–10, pl. 21 figs. 1–2 (type locality: 

Northeastern Afghanistan: small tributary of Pech River 

[Kabul River drainage] at Gusalek; holotype: ZMUC 

P 27101 [ex 2801]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Noemacheilus alepidotus nalbanti Bănărescu & Mirza, 1972: 

121, pl. 1 figs. 1–2 (type locality: Pakistan: Rawlakot, 

Azad Kashmir, Jhelum River drainage; holotype: ISBB 


Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Kullander et al. (1999: 

137). 

Nomenclatural notes. Menon & Yazdani (1968: 124) listed 

6 syntypes of N. punjabensis (ZSI F 10348) collected on 

16 July 1922 by Hora in 'stream below Watta Hills, salt range, 

Punjab'. Although this locality data is not in agreement with 

Hora's original data, they do not provide explanation. 

10.28.13 Paraschistura sargadensis (Nikolski, 1900) 

Nemachilus sargadensis Nikolski, 1900: 415 (type locality: 

Persia: Sija-Rischan in Sargado [according to Berg, 1949: 

876: Iran: Sargad Country in Kirman, near Kuh-i-tuftan 

volcano [Taftan, 28°36'N 61°8'E; Sarhad Plateau]; syntypes: 

ZISP 11700 [31], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

? Nemachilus turcmenicus Berg, 1932a: 149, fig. 1 (type 

locality: Turkmenistan: creek near railway station Gjaurs 

[Gevers, Gäwers; 37°47'46"N 58°43'43"E] [Kelte-China 

stream, Cherokh, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010 [Kelte- 

Çynar]]; syntypes: ZISP 11064 [3]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Taxonomic notes. Geography suggests that N. turcmenicus 

is unlikely to be a synonym of S. sargadensis. 

10.28.14 Paraschistura turcomana (Nikolski, 1947) 

Nemachilus kessleri turcomanus Nikolski, 1947: 32, fig. 3 

(type locality: Turkmenistan: Murgab River drainage: 

Mary Province: Kushka River near Kushka city [35°16'N 

62°20'E] / Kushka River near Margunovskyi [Merv, 

Margiana, Mary, 37°35'45"N 61°49'30"E] [Murgab River: 

endorheic basin earlier connected with Amu Darya]; 

syntypes: ZMMU P-5734 [3], P-5735 [1], Vasilieva et 

al., in Pavlinov & Borissenko, 2001: 27; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

Taxonomic notes. Usually listed as a subspecies or synonym 

of S. kessleri, which geographical distance and isolation in 


102 

widely disjunct endorheic basins, on either side of the Hindu 

Kush range, make unlikely. 

10.29 Petruichthys Menon, 1987 

Petruichthys Menon, 1987: 181 (subgenus of Nemacheilus 

Bleeker, 1863a: 37; type species: Nemachilus brevis 

Boulenger, 1893: 203, by original designation). Gender 

masculine. 

Taxonomic notes. See comments under Yunnanilus. 


10.29.1 Petruichthys salmonides (Chaudhuri, 1911) 

Nemachilus salmonides Chaudhuri, 1911: 18, pl. 1 figs. 3– 

3a (type locality: China: Yunnan: Tengyueh district: 

Mongpan [Mengban, 23°07'N 100°23'E, Mekong drainage; 

Coggin Brown, 1910]; holotype: ZSI F 4732/1, 

Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 124; adjective, indeclinable) 

10.29.2 Petruichthys brevis (Boulenger, 1893) 

Nemachilus brevis Boulenger, 1893: 203 (type locality: Burma: 

Southern Shan States: Inlé Lake, Fort Stedman; lectotype: 

BMNH 1893.6.30.83, designated by Kottelat & 

Chu, 1988a: 79; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.30 Physoschistura Banarescu & Nalbant, in Singh, 


Physoschistura Bănărescu & Nalbant, in Singh, Sen, Bănărescu 

& Nalbant, 1982: 208 (type species: Nemacheilus 

brunneanus Annandale, 1918: 45, by original designation). 


10.30.1 Physoschistura brunneana (Annandale, 1918) 

Nemachilus brunneanus Annandale, 1918: 44, pl. 2 fig. 2 

(type locality: Burma: Yawnghwe Valley and Inlé Lake; 

holotype: ZSI F 9406/1; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.30.2 Physoschistura chindwinensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 

2012 

Physoschistura chindwinensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 

2012a: 231, fig. 1 (India: Manipur: Lokchao River at 

Moreh [Irrawaddy drainage]; holotype: MUMF 11077) 

10.30.3 Physoschistura elongata Sen & Nalbant, in Singh, 


Physoschistura elongata Sen & Nalbant, in Singh, Sen, 

Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982: 211, figs. 18–21 (type locality: 

India: Meghalaya: Barapani, 20 km from Shillong; 

holotype: ZSI/ERS 3063; junior secondary homonym of 

Aborichthys elongatus Hora, 1921c: 735 when both 

placed in Nemacheilus by Menon, 1987: 131, 184; junior 

secondary homonym of Nemachilus kungessanus 

elongatus Herzenstein, 1888: 44, when placed in Nemacheilus 

by Menon, 1987: 131; reinstated according to 

Code art. 59.4; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Noemacheilus barapaniensis Menon, 1987: 131 (replacement 

name for Physoschistura elongata Sen & Nalbant, 

in Singh, Sen, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982: 211; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e)

10.30.4 Physoschistura pseudobrunneana Kottelat, 1990 

Physoschistura pseudobrunneana Kottelat, 1990a: 81, fig. 

49 (type locality: Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: Nam 

Mae Lao at km 62 and 65 along road from Chiang Mai to 

Chiang Rai; holotype: ZRC 38473 [ex ZSM 27471]; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.30.5 Physoschistura raoi (Hora, 1929) 

Nemachilus raoe Hora, 1929: 332, pl. 15 figs. 7–8 (type 

locality: Burma: Northern Shan States: Mongyai [22°26'N 

98°03'E]; holotype: ZSI F 11062/1, Menon & Yazdani, 

1968: 124; incorrect original spelling, must be emended 

into raoi, Code art. 31.1.2; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.30.6 Physoschistura rivulicola (Hora, 1929) 

Nemachilus rivulicola Hora, 1929: 324, pl. 15 figs. 3–4 (type 

locality: Burma: Southern Shan States: Yawnghwe Valley 

and He-Ho plain; holotype: ZSI F 11060/1; noun in 




10.30.7 Physoschistura shanensis (Hora, 1929) 

Nemachilus shanensis Hora, 1929: 322, fig. 2, pl. 15 figs. 5– 

6 (type locality: Burma: Southern Shan States: Thale-ú 

stream near Fort Stedman; holotype: ZSI F 11058/1; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

10.30.8 Physoschistura tuivaiensis Lokeshwor, Vishwanath 

& Shanta, 2012 

Physoschistura tuivaiensis Lokeshwor, Vishwanath & Shanta, 

2012: 6, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Churchandpur 

District: Tuivai River at Likhailok (24°04'41"N 

93°33'67"E, 635 masl), Brahmaputra drainage; holotype: 

MUMF 5089; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.30.9 Physoschistura yunnaniloides Chen, Kottelat & 

Neely, 2011 

Physoschistura yunnaniloides Chen, Kottelat & Neely, 2011: 

180, fig. 1 (type locality: Myanmar: Sagaing Division: 

Kalemyo fish markets [Kalaymio, 23°11'20"N 

94°04'00"E; Chindwin drainage]; holotype: CAS 88871; 

adjective, indeclinable) 

10.31 Protonemacheilus Yang & Chu, 1990 

Protonemacheilus Yang & Chu, 1990a: 109 (type species: 

Protonemacheilus longipectoralis Yang & Chu, 1990a: 

110, by original designation; also spelt Protenemacheilus 

p. 109, an obvious inadvertent error, thus incorrect original 

spelling [Code art. 32.5.1]). Gender masculine. 

Taxonomic notes. Possibly a junior synonym of Physoschistura 

or a senior synonym of Pteronemacheilus. 

10.31.1 Protonemacheilus longipectoralis Yang & Chu, 

1990 

Protonemacheilus longipectoralis Yang & Chu, 1990a: 110, 

fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Luxi County: Mukang, 

Fangmaqiao River, 24°30'N 98°37'E [Dehong Pre- 


103 

fecture; Irrawaddy drainage]; holotype: KIZ 193001724 

[8310110]; compound noun, indeclinable) 

10.32 Pteronemacheilus Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2011 

Pteronemacheilus Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2011a: 5 (type species: 

Pteronemacheilus lucidorsum Bohlen & Šlechtová, 


10.32.1 Pteronemacheilus lucidorsum Bohlen & Šlechtová, 

2011 

Pteronemacheilus lucidorsum Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2011a: 6, 

figs. 4–5 (type locality: Myanmar: Shan State: stream 

Nam Paw west of Hsipaw city; 22°37'37"N 97°17'19"E 

[Irrawaddy drainage]; holotype: ZRC 52039; compound 


10.32.2 Pteronemacheilus meridionalis (Zhu, 1982) 

Nemachilus meridionalis Zhu, 1982a: 108, fig. 5 (type locality: 

China: Yunnan: Mengla County: Menglun; holotype: 

NPIB 780503 [780530, p. 111]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.33 Qinghaichthys Zhu, 1981 

Qinghaichthys Zhu, 1981: 1063 (subgenus of Triplophysa 

Rendahl, 1933: 21; type species Nemacheilus alticeps 

Herzenstein, 1888: 28, by original designation). Gender 

masculine. 

Taxonomic notes. See under Triplophysa. 

10.33.1 Qinghaichthys alticeps (Herzenstein, 1888) 

Nemachilus alticeps Herzenstein, 1888: 28, pl. 6 fig. 3 (type 

locality: China: Qinghai: sources in Eastern Zaidam 

[Qaidam basin]; lectotype: ZISP 7852 [1 of 4], designated 

by Prokofiev, 2006a: 599; compound adjective, indeclinable) 

10.33.2 Qinghaichthys rotundiventris (Wu & Chen, 1979) 

Nemacheilus rotundiventris Wu & Chen, 1979: 292, fig. 3 

(type locality: China: Qinghai: Jiegu He, tributary of 

upper Jinsha Jiang [Yangtze] in Yushu; syntypes: NPIB 

[5]; compound noun, indeclinable) 

10.33.3 Qinghaichthys zaidamensis (Kessler, 1876) 

Nemachilus zaidamensis Kessler, 1876: 34 (type locality: 

China: Qinghai: Zaidam [Tsaidam or Qaidam basin]; syntypes: 

ZISP 2487 [2]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.33.4 Qinghaichthys zamegacephalus (Zhao, 1985) 

Nemachilus zamegacephalus Zhao, 1985: 53, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: South of Xinjiang: Xiaohaizi, a small lake 

at Zubashi, 39°30'N 78°40'E, Bachu; syntypes: ASIZB 

54884–885 [2], 60189–200 [12]; compound adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Taxonomic notes. Possibly a synonym of Q. rotundiventris 

according to Prokofiev (2010: 894), which geography suggests 

is unlikely.

10.30.4 Physoschistura pseudobrunneana, USNM 295772, 26.5 

mm SL; Thailand: Mekong drainage, Mae Nam Fang. 

10.30.4 Physoschistura pseudobrunneana, CMK 4111, 23.2 mm SL. 

10.34 Schistura McClelland, 1838 

Schistura McClelland, 1838: 944, 947 (type species: Schistura 

rupecula McClelland, 1838: 948, by subsequent 

designation by Jordan, 1919: 195; also in M'Clelland, 

1839: 306, 439). Gender feminine. 

Acoura Swainson, 1839: 310 (subgenus of Cobitis Linnaeus, 

1758: 303; type species: Cobitis obscura Swaison, 1839: 

310, by subsequent designation by Swain, 1883: 281; also 

spelt Acourus on p. 190, first reviser [Jordan, 1919: 204] 

gave precedence to Acoura; as there is no etymology 

cannot be treated as an inadvertent error). Gender feminine. 

Acura Agassiz, 1846: 7 (unjustified emendation of Acoura 

Swainson, 1839: 310). Gender feminine. 

? Longischistura Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1995: 444 (type species: 

Nemacheilus striatus Day, 1867b: 347, by original 


Taxonomic notes. The description of Longischistura is accompanied 

by neither a diagnosis nor a discussion and it is 

impossible to know why the mentioned characters would 

diagnose a distinct lineage; at best they seem to be autapomorphies. 

In addition, there is no clear indication of what 

material has been examined. 

Nomenclatural notes. Two species were originally included 

in Schistura: S. rupecula and S. montana. Schistura is a 

feminine noun because it ends with the Greek word ορ 

(tail), which is feminine. Further, the species name montana 

is an adjective with feminine ending and also indicates that 

the genus name was meant to be feminine (see also under 

S. rupecula). 


10.34.1 Schistura sonlaensis (Nguyen, Nguyen & Hoang, 

2010) 

Oreias sonlaensis Nguyen, Nguyen & Hoang, 2010: 45, fig. 1 

(type locality: Vietnam: Son La Province: Son La District: 

Chieng Xom commune [about 21°24'N 103°56'E], 


104 

10.31.1 Protonemacheilus longipectoralis, KIZ 8310110, holotype, 

46.5 mm SL; China: Yunnan: Irrawaddy drainage. (Photograph 

by Chen Xiao-Yong). 

10.31.1 Protonemacheilus longipectoralis, KIZ uncat., about 70 

mm SL; China: Yunnan: Irrawaddy drainage. (Photograph by Chen 

Xiao-Yong). 

lake Born Hau [apparently a resurgence], Chieng Xom 

commune [about 21°24'N 103°56'E], in Song Da drainage; 

holotype: NCNTTSI (?) SL.08.11.001; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Originally described in Oreias, which in 

other papers of authors mainly corresponds to Schistura. The 

data in the original description does not allow to decide on 

generic position. It is not a species of Claea (replacement 

name for the invalid Oreias). 


10.34.2 Schistura trilineata (Nguyen, Nguyen & Hoang, 

2010) 

Oreias trilineatus Nguyen, Nguyen & Hoang, 2010: 47, fig. 2 

(type locality: Vietnam: Son La Province: Son La District: 

Chieng Xom commune [about 21°24'N 103°56'E], 

lake Born Hau [apparently a resurgence], in Song Da 

drainage; holotype: NCNTTSI (?) SL.08.11.011; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Taxonomic notes. Originally described in Oreias, which in 

other papers of authors mainly corresponds to Schistura. The 

data in the original description does not allow to decide on 

generic position. It is not a species of Claea (replacement 

name for the invalid Oreias). 

10.34.3 Schistura acuticephala (Hora, 1929) 

Nemachilus acuticephalus Hora, 1929: 328, pl. 14 figs. 5–6 

(type locality: Burma: Northern Shan States: Hsipaw 

State: Monglong Subdivision: Hwe-gna-sang River, Pazi 

Township [Irrawaddy drainage]; holotype: ZSI F 6675/1; 


10.34.4 Schistura afasciata Mirza & Banarescu, in Mirza, 

Nalbant & Banarescu, 1981 

Schistura afasciata Mirza & Bănărescu, in Mirza, Nalbant 

& Bănărescu, 1981: 119, figs. 35–39 (type locality: Northern 

Pakistan: Havelian on Dor River, left tributary of 

upper Indus; holotype: ISBB 3368; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um)

10.32.2 Pteronemacheilus meridionalis, CMK 14321, 40.4 mm 

SL (male, above) and 39.6 mm SL (female, below); Laos: Mekong 

drainage: Nam Youan. 

10.33.1 Qinghaichthys alticeps, ZISP 7255/15, about 54 mm SL; 

China: Qinghai: Lake Qinhai Hu. (From Herzenstein, 1888: pl. 6 

fig. 3). 

Taxonomic notes. Menon (1987: 68) treated S. afasciata as 

synonym of S. arifi, without discussion. I tentatively retain 

it as valid. 

10.34.5 Schistura aizawlensis Lalramliana, 2012 

Schistura aizawlensis Lalramliana, 2012: 98, figs. 1–2 (type 

locality: India: Mizoram: Muthi River, a tributary of Tuirial 

River in vicinity of Zemabawk, Aizawl, 23°44'54"N 92° 

45'27"E; holotype: PUCMF 11026; adjective, is, -is, -e) 

10.34.6 Schistura alta Nalbant & Bianco, 1999 

Schistura alta Nalbant & Bianco, 1999: 118, fig. 21 (type 

locality: Afghanistan: Kajkai [?Kajaki; 32°19'21"N 

65°07'07"E], Helmand drainage, northeast of Girisk [Girishk, 

Gereshk, Geresk, 31°49'N 64°33'E]; holotype: ZMC 

P.27115; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.7 Schistura alticrista Kottelat, 1990 

Schistura alticrista Kottelat, 1990a: 98, fig. 68 (type locality: 

Thailand: Salween basin: Mae Hong Son Province: 

Mae La Ka, Huei Nong Heng, Tambon Muang Bon, 

Amphoe Khum Yuan; holotype: ZRC 38469 [ex ZSM 

27472]; compound noun, indeclinable) 

10.34.8 Schistura altipedunculata (Banarescu & Nalbant, 

1968) 

Noemacheilus altipedunculatus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1968: 

337, figs. 7–8, pl. 1 fig. 10 (type locality: India: Karnataka: 

North Canara [Uttara Kannada]: Mandurli, Kati River, 

15°05'N 74°25'E; holotype: ZMH H 3618, Wilkens, 



105 

10.34.7 Schistura alticrista, CMK 14730, 46.1 mm SL; Thailand: 

Salween drainage: Mae Hong Son. 

10.34.15 Schistura atra, CMK 17057, 50.8 mm SL; Laos: Mekong 

drainage: Nam Theun. 

10.34.19 Schistura cf. balteata, CMK 16326, 43.2 mm SL; Myanmar: 

aquarium-fish trade. 

10.34.9 Schistura amplizona Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura amplizona Kottelat, 2000: 54, fig. 24 (type locality: 

Laos: Louangnamtha Province: Nam Tha at Ban Finho, 

about 14 km north of Luang Nam Tha, Mekong drainage; 

21°04'44"N 101°24'09"E; holotype: ZRC 45321; 


10.34.10 Schistura anambarensis (Mirza & Banarescu, 

in Mirza, Banarescu & Nalbant, 1970) 

Noemacheilus anambarensis Mirza & Bănărescu, in Mirza, 


Pakistan: Balochistan: Anambar River at Loralai [30°22'N 

68°36'E; Indus drainage]; holotype: ISBB 1364; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

10.34.11 Schistura antennata Freyhof & Serov, 2001 

Schistura antennata Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 140, figs. 8–9 

(type locality: Vietnam: Ha Tinh Province: stream at Son 

Kim; 18°24.25'N 105°11.10'E; holotype: ZFMK 27934; 


10.34.12 Schistura aramis Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura aramis Kottelat, 2000: 54, fig. 25 (type locality: 

Laos: Phongsali Province: Houay Chik, about 2 km east 

of Muang Mai, Mekong drainage; 21°10'26"N 102°44' 

06"E; holotype: ZRC 45323; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

10.34.13 Schistura arifi Mirza & Banarescu, in Mirza, 


Schistura arifi Mirza & Bănărescu, in Mirza, Nalbant & 

Bănărescu, 1981: 113, figs. 16–20 (type locality: Paki-

stan: Balochistan: Zhob City [formerly Fort Sandeman; 

31°21'N 69°27'E] on Zhob River; holotype: ISBB 3775; 


Taxonomic notes. Menon (1987: 68) listed S. curtistigma, 

S. macrolepis and S. afasciata as synonyms of S. arifi, without 

discussion. This is not followed. See under the respective 

species. 

10.34.14 Schistura athos Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura athos Kottelat, 2000: 55, fig. 26 (type locality: 

Laos: Louangphabang Province: Houay Houn, about 

3 km upstream of Ban Houay Lek, in gorges, Mekong 

drainage; approx. 20°32'32"N 102°40'51"E; holotype: 

ZRC 45325; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Oreias punctatus Nguyen, 2005: 570, fig. 15 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Dien Bien Province: Dien Bien district: Nua 

Ngam, Nam Ngam stream, Mekong drainage; holotype: 


10.34.15 Schistura atra Kottelat, 1998 

Schistura atra Kottelat, 1998a: 69, fig. 107 (type locality: 

Laos: Khammouan Province: Nam Theun basin: Upper 

Nam Theun at 17°59'31"N 105°27'49"E, Mekong drainage; 

holotype: ZRC 41792; adjective, ater, atra, atrum) 

10.34.16 Schistura aurantiaca Plongsesthee, Page & 

Beamish, 2011 

Schistura aurantiaca Plongsesthee, Page & Beamish, 2011: 

170, figs. 1–2 (type locality: Thailand: Kanchanaburi 

Province: Thong Pha Phum, Mae Khlong basin, Kwai 

Noi River system, Khayeng River at bridge on Route 

3272, 14°39'35"N 98°32'01"E; holotype: UF 178532; 


10.34.17 Schistura bachmaensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001 

Schistura bachmaensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 143, figs. 11– 

12 (type locality: Vietnam: Thua Thien Hue Province: 

stream Suoi Voi at Thua Luu, 55 km south of Hue; 

16°14.58'N 107°59.39'E; holotype: ZFMK 27942; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

10.34.18 Schistura bairdi Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura bairdi Kottelat, 2000: 55, fig. 27 (type locality: 

Laos: Champasak Province: Mekong mainstream at Ban 

Hang Khone below Khone Falls; holotype: ZRC 45327; 


10.34.19 Schistura balteata (Rendahl, 1948) 

Nemacheilus balteatus Rendahl, 1948: 42, figs. 20–22 (type 

locality: Burma: Tenasserim: Malwedaung; holotype: 

NRM 14741; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.20 Schistura baluchiorum (Zugmayer, 1912) 

Nemachilus baluchiorum Zugmayer, 1912: 599 (type locality: 

Pakistan: Balochistan: Panjgur [26°58'00"N 

64°05'60"E]; syntypes [13]: ZSM [12, lost; pers. obs.], 

NMW 19851 [1], Neumann, 2006: 267; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Treated as synonym of Paraschistura 

bampurensis by Nalbant & Bianco (1999: 118), without ex- 


106 

planation. Retained in Schistura following Prokofiev (2009b: 

892). 

10.34.21 Schistura bannaensis Chen, Yang & Qi, 2005 

Schistura bannaensis Chen, Yang & Qi, 2005: 147, fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla 

County: Nanla River drainage; holotype: KIZ 200107; 


10.34.22 Schistura beavani (Günther, 1868) 

Nemachilus beavani Günther, 1868: 350 (type locality: India: 

Kossye River; holotype: BMNH 1867.5.12.35; noun 


10.34.23 Schistura bella Kottelat, 1990 

Schistura bella Kottelat, 1990a: 104, fig. 72 (type locality: 

Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Mae Nam Fang, 35 km 

south of Fang on road to Chiang Mai, Mekong drainage; 

holotype: ZRC 38465 [ex ZSM 27473]; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

10.34.24 Schistura bhimachari (Hora, 1937) 

Nemachilus bhimachari Hora, 1937: 13, fig. 5 (type locality: 

India: Karnataka: Tunga River at Shimoga 

[13°55'00"N 75°34'00"E]; holotype: ZSI F 12178/1, 


Taxonomic notes. Treated as synonym of S. striata by Menon 

(1987: 113), which I do not follow. The figure of 

S. striata in Day (1878a: pl. 153 fig. 8, reproduced by Menon, 

1987: pl. 5 fig. 1) shows a fish with much more slender 

body, elongated caudal peduncle, slightly emarginate caudal 

fin (vs. deeply forked) than the figure of S. bhimachari 

in Hora (1937: 13). 

10.34.25 Schistura bolavenensis Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura bolavenensis Kottelat, 2000: 56, fig. 28 (type locality: 

Laos: Champasak Province: Huay Makchan-Gnai (Xe 

Nam Noy basin), south of Ban Taot, at turnoff to Xe Nam 

Noy Project, on road from Pakse to Attapu, Mekong 

drainage; 15°04'14"N 106°32'33"E; holotype: ZRC 


10.34.26 Schistura breviceps (Smith, 1945) 

Noemacheilus breviceps Smith, 1945: 308, fig. 63 (type locality: 

Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Menam Mao, a tributary 

of Menam Fang, an affluent of Mekong; holotype: 

USNM 177751; compound adjective, indeclinable) 

10.34.27 Schistura bucculenta (Smith, 1945) 

Noemacheilus bucculentus Smith, 1945: 326, fig. 74 (type 

locality: Laos: Huey Nam Puat at Ban Nam Puat [Mekong 

drainage]; holotype: USNM 107942; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.28 Schistura callichroma (Zhu & Wang, 1985) 

Noemacheilus callichromus Zhu & Wang, 1985: 214, figs. 

13–17 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Jingdong County: 

Babianjiang River [Red River drainage], 24°20'N 

100°10'E; holotype: NGI 810233; compound adjective, 

-us, -a, -um])

10.34.29 Schistura callidora Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2011 

Schistura callidora Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2011a: 2, figs. 1–2 

(type locality: Myanmar: Shan State: mouth of Nam Paw 

at confluence with Myit Nge River at Hsipaw city, 

22°37'24"N 97°18'12"E [Irrawaddy drainage]; holotype: 

ZRC 52037; compound noun, proposed as a noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

10.34.30 Schistura carbonaria Freyhof & Serov, 2001 

Schistura carbonaria Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 145, figs. 14– 


stream Khe Vinh An at Nam Dong village about 40 km 

south of Hue; 16°11.58'N 107°43.76'E; holotype: ZFMK 


10.34.31 Schistura carletoni (Fowler, 1924) 

Nemacheilus carletoni Fowler, 1924: 68, fig. 2 (type locality: 

India: Himachal Pradesh: Kooloo Valley [Kullu Valley: 

Kullu town: 31°57'36"N 77°06'00"E]; holotype: 

MCZ 18748; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.34.32 Schistura cataracta Kottelat, 1998 

Schistura cataracta Kottelat, 1998a: 70, fig. 109 (type locality: 

Laos: Khammouan Province: Nam Theun, waterfall 

at 18°01'40"N 104°58'54"E; holotype: ZRC 41793; noun 


10.34.33 Schistura caudofurca (Mai, 1978) 

Barbatula caudofurca Mai, 1978: 233, fig. 106 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Nam Cong, Song Ma; syntypes: DVZUT; 


Noemacheilus laterivittatus Zhu & Wang, 1985: 213, figs. 9– 

12 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Jingdong County: Babianjiang 

River [Red River drainage], 24°20'N 100° 10'E; 

holotype: NGI 810205; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.34 Schistura chapaensis (Rendahl, 1944) 

Nemacheilus chapaensis Rendahl, 1944: 35, fig. 18 (type 

locality: Vietnam: Lao Cai Province: Chapa [Sapa] in 

Fansipan Range [Red River drainage]; holotype: NHMG; 


10.34.35 Schistura chindwinica (Tilak & Hussain, 1990) 

Nemacheilus chindwinicus Tilak & Husain, 1990: 51, figs. 1– 

5 (type locality: India: Manipur: tributary stream of 

Chindwin [erroneous; India: Manipur: Brahmaputra basin: 

Barak drainage, Lankha stream, a tributary of Irang 

River; Vishwanath & Nebeshwar, 2004: 329]; holotype: 

ZSI/NRS F 613; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.36 Schistura cincticauda (Blyth, 1860) 

Cobitis cincticauda Blyth, 1860: 172 (type locality: Thailand: 

Tak Province: Amphoe Tha Song Yang, Huei 

Jawang, Salween drainage [original type locality: Burma: 

Tenasserim provinces (Pegu according to Day, 1870a: 

553)]; neotype: ZSM 27474, designated by Kottelat, 

1990a: 118; compound noun, indeclinable) 

10.34.37 Schistura clatrata Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura clatrata Kottelat, 2000: 56, fig. 29 (type locality: 


107 

Laos: Xekong Province: Houay Cha Ngao, an east side 

tributary of Xe Kong, entering it about 8 km upriver of 

Muang Kaleum, Mekong drainage; 15°46'08"N 106° 


10.34.38 Schistura conirostris (Zhu, 1982) 

Nemachilus conirostris Zhu, 1982a: 104, fig. 1 (type locality: 

China: Yunnan: Jinghong County, Lancang-jiang drainage 

[Mekong]; holotype: NPIB 780464; compound noun, 

indeclinable) 

10.34.39 Schistura coruscans Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura coruscans Kottelat, 2000: 57, fig. 30 (type locality: 

Laos: Saisomboun Special Zone: Houay Sala Yai, a 

tributary of Nam San; 18°35'17"N 103°05'00"E, Mekong 

drainage; holotype: ZRC 45332; participle, indeclinable, 

proposed as a noun in apposition) 

10.34.40 Schistura crabro Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura crabro Kottelat, 2000: 57, fig. 31 (type locality: Laos: 

Bolikhamsai Province: Nam Ngiap, Mekong drainage; 

holotype: ZRC 45334; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

10.34.41 Schistura cryptofasciata Chen, Kong & Yang, 

2005 

Schistura cryptofasciata Chen, Kong & Yang, 2005: 28, fig. 2 

(type locality: China: Yunnan: Lincang prefecture: 

Yongde County: Great Snow Mountain township: Nanting 

River (23°58"N 99°39'E), a tributary of Salween; 

holotype: KIZ 20026453; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.42 Schistura curtistigma Mirza & Nalbant, in Mirza, 


Schistura curtistigma Mirza & Nalbant, in Mirza, Nalbant 


North-West Frontier Province: Bannu 

[32°59'20"N 70°36'20"E] on Kurram River, a right-side 

tributary of Upper Indus; holotype: ISBB 3776; compound 


Taxonomic notes. Menon (1987: 68, 74) treated this species 

as synonym of S. arifi except for the Ravi River record 

of Mirza et al. (1981: 114). Mirza et al. gave neither a figure 

nor data for the Ravi sample; Menon listed it in the synonymy 

of S. horai (p. 74), but without explanation. The reported 

differences between S. arifi and S. curtistigma indeed are 

small, and inconclusive. I tentatively retain the species as 

valid. 

10.34.43 Schistura dalatensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001 

Schistura dalatensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 150, figs. 19– 

20 (type locality: Vietnam: Lam Dong Province: Dai Tan 

River about 30 km south of Da Lat; 11°46.64'N 108° 

19.28'E; holotype: ZFMK 23906; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.34.44 Schistura daubentoni Kottelat, 1990 

Schistura daubentoni Kottelat, 1990a: 118, fig. 85 (type 

locality: Cambodia: bridge on Prek Preas at km 369 on 

road from Saigon to Stung Treng, near Ph Khsang Hong, 

Mekong drainage, 13°09'N 106°09'E; holotype: MNHN 

1988-88; noun in genitive, indeclinable)

10.34.46 Schistura defectiva, CMK 22686, 40.9 mm SL; Laos: 


10.34.47 Schistura denisoni, CMK 5428, 37.6 mm SL; India: 

Karnataka: Gangavaly. 

10.34.45 Schistura deansmarti Vidthayanon & Kottelat, 

2003 

Schistura deansmarti Vidthayanon & Kottelat, 2003: 168, 

fig. 6 (type locality: Thailand: Phitsanulok Province: 

Thung Salaeng Luang National Park: Tham Phra Sai 

Ngam cave, about 200 m from entrance; 16°37'23"N 

100°39'47"E; holotype: NIFI 3152; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.34.46 Schistura defectiva Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura defectiva Kottelat, 2000: 58, fig. 32 (type locality: 

Laos: Xiangkhouang Province: Nam Ngum at Ban 

Phianglouang, Mekong drainage; 19°31'21"N 


-um) 

10.34.47 Schistura denisoni (Day, 1867) 

Nemacheilus denisoni Day, 1867a: 287 (type locality: India: 

Bowany River [Bhavani], along the base of Nilgiris 

[p. 282]; syntypes: ZSI A.2682 [1, lost], A.962 [1, lost], 

BMNH 1867.7.24.29 [1], NMW 48406 [1], ZMB 10800 

[1], RMNH 2661 [1], ZISP 8283 [5], Whitehead & Talwar, 


Nemacheilus chryseus Day, 1873: 529 (type locality: India: 

Bowany River [Bhavani]; syntypes [3]: LU, Whitehead & 

Talwar, 1976: 156; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Nemachilus dayi Hora, 1935a: 57 (new name for Nemachilus 

savona [non Hamilton, 1822] of Day, 1878a: 619, 

pl. 155 fig. 8; type locality: India: West Bengal: hills near 

Raniganj [23°37'12"N 87°07'48"E] & Northwestern 

Provinces [corresponds to present Uttar Pradesh]; syntypes: 

material examined by Day and Hora, details not 

given, but includes at least BMNH 1889.2.1.1697–1699 

[3]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Noemacheilus rendahli Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1968: 336, 

figs. 5–6, pl. 1 fig. 8 (type locality: India: Maharasthra: 

Nashik District: "Nandur, Madhmeswar" [Nandur- 

Madhyameshwar dam on Godavari River, 20°00'51"N 

74°07'01"E]; holotype: ZMH H 3621, Wilkens, 1977: 


Noemacheilus denisoni pambaensis Menon, 1987: 103, 


108 

10.34.53 Schistura dorsizona, CMK 22915, 30.5 mm SL; Laos: 


10.34.68 Schistura hoai, CMK 20890, 43.8 mm SL; Laos: Mekong 

drainage: Nam Ou. 

pl. 10 figs. 5–6 (type locality: India: Kerala: Sabarigiri 

[a dam at Moozhiyar on Pamba River, 9°18'30"N 

77°04'21"E], southeast of Pamba; holotype: ZSI/SRS 

F 563; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Placement of N. rendahli in the synonym 

of S. denisoni follows Menon (1987: 93). This requires confirmation 

by the comparison of fresh topotypes. My examination 

of samples from Karnataka and Kerala indicates that 

several species are confused under the name S. denisoni. At 

least S. mukambbikaensis is a distinct species. 

10.34.48 Schistura desmotes (Fowler, 1934) 

Nemacheilus desmotes Fowler, 1934: 107, fig. 59 (type locality: 

Thailand: Chiang Mai [Chao Phraya drainage]; holotype: 

ANSP 60082; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

? Nemacheilus myrmekia Fowler, 1935: 106, fig. 32 (type 

locality: Thailand: Hua Hin Province: Keng Sok [about 

20 km northwest of Hua Hin; near Ban Thung Luang, 

12°41'N 99°51'E]; holotype: ANSP 63546; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

10.34.49 Schistura devdevi (Hora, 1935) 

Nemachilus devdevi Hora, 1935a: 54, pl. 3 figs. 5–6 (type 

locality: India: small streams below Darjeeling and in 

Sikkim; holotype: ZSI F 11752/1; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.34.50 Schistura diminuta Ou, Montaña, Winemiller 

& Conway, 2011 

Schistura diminuta Ou, Montaña, Winemiller & Conway, 

2011: 194, fig. 1 (type locality: Cambodia: Stung Treng 

Province: Mekong drainage, lower Sekong River in Siem 

Pang district, 14º07'11.88"N 106º23'11.36"E; holotype: 

ZRC 53105; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.51 Schistura disparizona Zhou & Kottelat, 2005 

Schistura disparizona Zhou & Kottelat, 2005: 17, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Cangyuan: Nangun River (a 

Salween tributary), 0.5 km to Manglai on road from Banhong 

to Mangku, 23°16.49'N 99°04.34'E; holotype: 

SWFC 00203035; compound noun, indeclinable)

10.34.76 Schistura isostigma, CMK 15651, 25.7 mm SL; Laos: 


10.34.52 Schistura doonensis (Tilak & Husain, 1977) 

Noemacheilus doonensis Tilak & Husain, 1977: 133, fig. 1 

(type locality: India: Uttar Pradesh: Dehra Dun District: 

small stream near village Kandholi, on way to Doonga; 

holotype: ZSI/NRS V-1090; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.34.53 Schistura dorsizona Kottelat, 1998 

Schistura dorsizona Kottelat, 1998a: 73, fig. 112 (type locality: 

Laos: Khammouan Province: Xe Bangfai basin: Nam 

Phao about 10 km upriver of Ban Nape, Mekong drainage; 

approximately 18°22'N 105°08'E; holotype: ZRC 


10.34.54 Schistura dubia Kottelat, 1990 

Schistura dubia Kottelat, 1990a: 123, fig. 89 (type locality: 

Thailand: Phrae Province: Nam Mae Kham Mi, near Ban 

Mae Krating, road from Nan to Phrae, km 66, Chao 

Phraya drainage, 18°22'N 100°25'E; holotype: ZRC 

38474 [ex ZSM 27475]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.55 Schistura ephelis Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura ephelis Kottelat, 2000: 59, fig. 33 (type locality: 

Laos: Saisomboun Special Zone: Houay Sala Yai, a tributary 

of Nam San, Mekong drainage; 18°35'17"N 


indeclinable) 

10.34.56 Schistura fasciata Lokeshwor & Viswanath, 

2011 

Schistura fasciata Lokeshwor & Viswanath, 2011: 1514, 

fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Senapati District: 

Barak River at western side of Maram Hill, 25°23' 

24.66"N 94°04'09.25"E, Brahmaputra drainage; holotype: 

MUMF 11010; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.57 Schistura fascimaculata Mirza & Nalbant, in 

Mirza, Nalbant & Banarescu, 1981 

Schistura fascimaculata Mirza & Nalbant, in Mirza, Nalbant & 

Bănărescu, 1981: 121, figs. 41–45 (type locality: Pakistan: 

Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province: Kohat District: Hangu 

[33°31'48"N 71°03'36"E] on Kohat Toi River, Indus drainage; 

holotype: ISBB 3371; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.58 Schistura fasciolata (Nichols & Pope, 1927) 

Homaloptera fasciolata Nichols & Pope, 1927: 339, fig. 11 



Nemachilus humilis Lin, 1932c: 515 (type locality: China: 

Kweichow [Guizhou]: Yunkiang; holotype: BLG K.107; 



109 

10.34.72 Schistura imitator, CMK 21686, 45.8 mm SL; Laos: 


10.34.82 Schistura khamtanhi, CMK 21615, 60.1 mm SL; Laos: 


10.34.59 Schistura finis Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura finis Kottelat, 2000: 59, fig. 34 (type locality: Laos: 

Xiangkhouang Province: Nam Kan, a small creek making 

the border between Laos and Vietnam at Ban Xayden, 

nam Mo drainage [Song Ca]; 19°28'19"N 


indeclinable) 

10.34.60 Schistura fusinotata Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura fusinotata Kottelat, 2000: 60, fig. 35 (type locality: 

Laos: Xekong Province: Nam Vi at ford downriver 

(1.5 km NW) of Ban Kasang-Kan, Mekong drainage; 

15°17'55"N 106°54'10"E; holotype: ZRC 45341, see also 

Kottelat, 2005a: 65; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.61 Schistura gangetica (Menon, 1987) 

Noemacheilus gangeticus Menon, 1987: 83, pl. 12 fig. 6 (type 

locality: India: Uttarakhand: Garhwal: Alaknanda River 

at Srinagar [30°19'48"N 78°03'36"E]; holotype: ZSI/SRS 

F 582; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.62 Schistura geisleri Kottelat, 1990 

Schistura geisleri Kottelat, 1990a: 127, fig. 91 (type locality: 

Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Nam Mae Taeng at 

Ban Mae Ta Man, Chao Phraya drainage, 19°12'N 

98°53'E; holotype: ZRC 38475 [ex ZSM 27476]; noun 


10.34.63 Schistura globiceps Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura globiceps Kottelat, 2000: 60, fig. 36 (type locality: 

Laos: Louangnamtha Province: unnamed forest creek 

tributary to Nam Talan, at about km 60 on road from 

Oudomxai to Luang Nam Tha, about 3 km south of Ban 

Nateuy, Mekong drainage; 20°59'56"N 101°39'47"E; 

holotype: ZRC 45343; compound adjective, indeclinable) 

10.34.64 ? Schistura hagiangensis (Nguyen, 2005) 

Paracobitis hagiangensis Nguyen, 2005: 565, fig. 12 (type 

locality: Vietnam: Ha Giang Province: Lo River, near Ha 

Giang [Red River drainage]; holotype: NCNTTSI; ad-

jective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Possibly a junior synonym of Schistura 

incerta. 

10.34.65 Schistura harnaiensis (Mirza & Nalbant, in 

Mirza, Banarescu & Nalbant, 1969) 

Noemacheilus harnaiensis Mirza & Nalbant, in Mirza, Bănărescu 

& Nalbant, 1969: 89, pl. 2 figs. 4–6 (type locality: 

Pakistan: Balochistan: Harnai [30°36'0"N 67°33'36"E], 

Kaman-Beji River drainage, Indus drainage; holotype: 

ISBB 2006; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.34.66 Schistura himachalensis (Menon, 1987) 

Noemacheilus himachalensis Menon, 1987: 76, pl. 16 fig. 2 

(type locality: India: Himachal Pradesh: Kangra District: 

Nadaun [Beas drainage; 31°46'48"N 76°21'00"E]; holotype: 

ZSI/SRS F 566; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.34.67 Schistura hingi (Herre, 1934) 

Homaloptera hingi Herre, 1934: 287 (type locality: China: 

Hong Kong: mountain torrent at Pok Fu Lam; holotype: 

CAS-SU 29086; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.34.68 ? Schistura hoai (Nguyen, 2005) 

Oreias hoai Nguyen, 2005: 568, fig. 14 (type locality: Vietnam: 

Dien Bien Province: Dien Bien district: Nua Ngam, 

Nam Ngam stream, Mekong drainage; holotype: 

NCNTTSI; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. The original description includes few informative 

data and the accompanying figure is of very poor 

quality. However, recent sampling in Laos very close to the 

border with Vietnam and in the catchment of the same stream 

as the type locality yielded a single nemacheilid species that 

could match the figure in the original description, especially 

the shape of the caudal fin, the bars in front of the dorsal fin 

much narrower than those behind, and the shape of the black 

bar at the base of the caudal fin. This species had been earlier 

identified as S. poculi (e.g. Kottelat, 2001b: 113), from 

which it differs by details of the colour pattern and the shape 

of the black bar at the base of the caudal fin (compare figures 

here). 

10.34.69 Schistura horai (Menon, 1951) 

Nemachilus horai Menon, 1951: 227, pl. 7 figs. 1–3 (type 

locality: India: Himachal Pradesh: Kangra District: Bener 

Khand [Baner River, Indus drainage], south of Kangra 

[32°06'00"N 76°16'12"E]; holotype: ZSI F 637/2, 


10.34.70 Schistura huapingensis (Wu & Wu, 1992) 

Nemacheilus obscurus huapingensis Wu & Wu, 1992: 145 

(type locality: China: Yunnan: Huaping County, Jinshajiang 

drainage [Yangtze]; syntypes: NPIB [3]; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

10.34.71 Schistura huongensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001 

Schistura huongensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 155, figs. 24– 


stream Khe Vinh An at Nam Dong village, about 40 km 


110 

south of Hue; 16°11.58'N 107°43.76; holotype: ZFMK 


10.34.72 Schistura imitator Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura imitator Kottelat, 2000: 61, fig. 37 (type locality: 

Laos: Xekong Province: Xe Namnoy, rapids about 1 km 

upriver of Tad Feak waterfall, Mekong drainage; 

15°14'09"N 106°44'55"E; holotype: ZRC 45344; noun 


10.34.73 Schistura implicata Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura implicata Kottelat, 2000: 62, fig. 38 (type locality: 

Laos: Houaphan Province: Nam Poun at confluence 

with Nam Xang, downstream of Ban San, Nam Ma drainage; 



10.34.74 Schistura incerta (Nichols, 1931) 

Barbatula incerta Nichols, 1931b: 458, fig. 2 (type locality: 

China: Kwangtung [Guangdong]: Lung T'au Shaan, Tso 

Tsz Hoh; holotype: AMNH 9690; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

? Barbatula uniformis Mai, 1978: 235, fig. 107 (type locality: 

northern Vietnam; syntypes: DVZUT; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

10.34.75 Schistura irregularis Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura irregularis Kottelat, 2000: 62, fig. 39 (type locality: 

Laos: Xiangkhouang Province: Nam Khan at Muang 

Hian, Mekong drainage; 20°05'18"N 103°22'09"E; holotype: 

ZRC 45348; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.34.76 Schistura isostigma Kottelat, 1998 

Schistura isostigma Kottelat, 1998a: 76, fig. 114 (type locality: 

Laos: Nam Leuk about 1 km downstream of confluence 

with Nam Ngang [error for Nam Gnong], Mekong 

drainage; 18°22'03"N 103°06'03"E; holotype: ZRC 

41797; compound noun, proposed as a noun in apposition, 

indeclinable) 

10.34.77 Schistura jarutanini Kottelat, 1990 

Schistura jarutanini Kottelat, 1990b: 49, pl. 1 fig. 1 (type 

locality: Thailand: Kanchanaburi Province: Amphoe Sri 

Sawat, Tham Ba Dan [cave]; holotype: ZRC 38479 [ex 

ZSM 27171]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.34.78 Schistura kangjupkhulensis (Hora, 1921) 

Nemachilus kangjupkhulensis Hora, 1921b: 202, pl. 10 

figs. 4, 4a (type locality: India: Manipur: Yaribuk [Irrawaddy 

drainage]; holotype: ZSI F 10060/1; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

10.34.79 Schistura kangrae (Menon, 1951) 

Nemachilus kangrae Menon, 1951: 229, pl. 7 figs. 4–5 (type 

locality: India: Himachal Pradesh: Kangra District: 

Baijnath [32°03'N 76°39'E], Indus drainage; holotype: 

ZSI F 639/2; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Treated as synonym of S. montana by 

Menon (1987: 79), without discussion. With the available 

data I cannot follow this synonymy.

10.34.80 Schistura kaysonei Vidthayanon & Jaruthanin, 

2002 

Schistura kaysonei Vidthayanon & Jaruthanin, 2002: 18, 

fig. 1 (type locality: Laos: Khammouan Province: cave 

in Phu Tham Nam, Ban Don Yom village in Khammouan 

karst, between 18°45' and 18°30'N 104°45' and 105°E 

[apparently erroneous, Phu Tham Nam is a hill at 

17°29'00"N 104°54'00"E]; holotype: NIFI 3131; name 


10.34.81 Schistura kengtungensis (Fowler, 1936) 

Nemacheilus kengtungensis Fowler, 1936: 509, fig. 1 (type 

locality: Burma: Shan States: Loi Mwe [21°10'N 99° 

45'E], Keng Tung, Mekong drainage [see Fowler, 1937: 

125]; holotype: ANSP 64157; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.34.82 Schistura khamtanhi Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura khamtanhi Kottelat, 2000: 63, fig. 40 (type locality: 

Laos: Xekong Province: Houay Pao, a west side tributary 

of Xe Kong, entering it about 16 km upriver of 

Muang Kaleum, Mekong drainage; 15°50'17"N 

106°45'40"E; holotype: ZRC 45349, noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

10.34.83 Schistura khugae Vishwanath & Shanta, 2004 

Schistura macrocephalus Vishwanath & Shanta, 2004a: 138, 

figs. 1–2 (type locality: India: Manipur: Churachandpur 

District: Khuga River, a tributary of Loktak Lake, Chindwin 

drainage; holotype: MUMF 5013; junior primary 

homonym of Schistura macrocephalus Kottelat, 2000: 


Schistura khugae Vishwanath & Shanta, 2004b: 330 (replacement 

name for Schistura macrocephalus Vishwanath & 

Shanta, 2004a: 138, figs. 1–2; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.34.84 Schistura kloetzliae Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura kloetzliae Kottelat, 2000: 63, fig. 41 (type locality: 

China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: 

Mengla market, Mekong drainage; holotype: NRM 


10.34.85 Schistura kodaguensis (Menon, 1987) 

Noemacheilus kodaguensis Menon, 1987: 108, pl. 16 fig. 11 

(type locality: India: Karnataka: Kotu Hola, 8 km northwest 

of Merkara; holotype: ZSI/SRS F 565; adjective, - 

is, -is, -e) 

10.34.86 Schistura kohatensis Mirza & Banarescu, in 


Schistura kohatensis Mirza & Bănărescu, in Mirza, Nalbant 


Kohat District: Hangu [33°31'48"N 71°03'36"E] 

on Kohat Toi River, a small right tributary of Indus; holotype: 

ISBB 3373; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.34.87 Schistura kohchangensis (Smith, 1933) 

Nemacheilus kohchangensis Smith, 1933: 56, fig. 2, pl. 1 

fig. 2 (type locality: Thailand: Trat Province: waterfall 

stream on Koh Chang island; holotype: KUMF 169, 


111 

Monkolprasit, 1969: 6; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Noemacheilus deignani Smith, 1945: 320, fig. 70 (type locality: 

Thailand: Chantaburi Province: Kao Sabap, near 

Chantabun [Chantaburi]; USNM 107946; name in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

10.34.88 Schistura koladynensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath. 

2012 

Schistura koladynensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath. 2012b: 

140, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Mizoram: Lawntlai District: 

Koladyne River at Kolchaw, 22°23'45"N 92° 

55'56"E; holotype: MUMF 11048; adjective, is, -is, -e) 

10.34.89 Schistura kongphengi Kottelat, 1998 

Schistura kongphengi Kottelat, 1998a: 77, fig. 116 (type 

locality: Laos: Khammouan Province: upper Nam Theun 

at 17°59'31"N 105°27'49"E, Mekong drainage; holotype: 

ZRC 41799; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.34.90 Schistura kontumensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001 

Schistura kontumensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 160, figs. 29– 

30 (type locality: Vietnam: Kontum Province: stream Iasia 

about 25 km west of Kontum; 14°23.63'N 107° 

48.64'E; holotype: ZFMK 26687; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.34.91 Schistura latidens Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura latidens Kottelat, 2000: 64, fig. 42 (type locality: 

Laos: Savannakhet Province: Xe Pon between rapids 

upstream and downstream of Ban Fuang, Mekong drainage; 



10.34.92 Schistura latifasciata (Zhu & Wang, 1985) 

Noemacheilus latifasciatus Zhu & Wang, 1985: 211, figs. 

5–6 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Yunxian County: Nanqiao 

River, tributary of Lancangjiang River [Mekong], 

24°N 100°E; holotype: NGI 810367; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

10.34.93 Schistura leukensis Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura leukensis Kottelat, 2000: 64 [not fig. 44 which 

shows S. kongphengi] (type locality: Laos: Vientiane 

Province: Nam Leuk at dam site, Mekong drainage; 

18°26'15"N 102°56'48"E; holotype: ZRC 45353, figured 

in Kottelat, 2005a: 65; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.34.94 Schistura longa (Zhu, 1982) 

Nemachilus longus Zhu, 1982a: 105, fig. 2 (type locality: 

China: Yunnan: Lushui County: tributary of Nu-jiang 

River [Salween]; holotype: NPIB 785032; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.34.95 Schistura machensis (Mirza & Nalbant, in Mirza, 

Banarescu & Nalbant, 1970) 

Noemacheilus horai machensis Mirza & Nalbant, in Mirza, 


Pakistan: Mach River [Mach, Machh, Muchh; town: 

29°52'N 67°20'E], tributary to Bolan River, Indus drainage; 

holotype: ISBB 1538; adjective, -is, -is, -e)

10.34.84 Schistura kloetzliae, CMK 14312, 43.9 mm SL; Laos: 

Mekong drainage: Nam Youan. 

10.34.87 Schistura kohchangensis, CMK 20204, 49.7 mm SL; 

Thailand: Chantaburi. 

10.34.102 Schistura mahnerti, CMK 14682, 44.8 mm SL; Thailand: 


10.34.92 Schistura latifasciata, KIZ uncat., 62.4 mm SL; China: 

Yunnan: Mekong drainage: Yangbi. 

10.34.96 Schistura macrocephalus Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura macrocephalus Kottelat, 2000: 65, fig. 45 (type 

locality: Laos: Louangnamtha Province: Nam Youan at 

ford south of Ban Muang Mon, Mekong drainage; 21°19' 

28"N 101°10'19"E; holotype: ZRC 45355; compound 

noun, proposed as a noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

10.34.97 Schistura macrolepis Mirza & Banarescu, in 


Schistura macrolepis Mirza & Bănărescu, in Mirza, Nalbant 

& Bănărescu, 1981: 116, figs. 27–31 (type locality: 

Pakistan: Dera Ghazi Khan District: Racki Munh, a small 

right tributary of Indus upwards from confluence with 

Sutlej River; holotype: ISBB 3778; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Menon (1987: 69) treated this species as 

synonym of S. arifi except for the Shadiwal paratype, which 

he listed in the synonymy of S. horai (p. 74), without explanation. 

I tentatively retain the species as valid. 

10.34.98 Schistura macrotaenia (Yang, 1990) 

Nemacheilus macrotaenia Yang, in Chu & Chen, 1990: 36, 

fig. 30 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Pingbian County: 

Nan-Qi River, 23°00'N 103°18'E [Red River drainage]; 

holotype: KIZ 8540217; compound noun, indeclinable) 


112 

10.34.99‘Schistura’ maculiceps, RMNH 28878, 79.0 mm SL; Indonesia: 

Borneo: Kapuas. 

10.34.105 Schistura melarancia, ZRC 45357, 40.2 mm SL, holotype; 

Laos: Mekong drainage: Nam Ou. 

10.34.111 Schistura mukambbikaensis, CMK 5427, 32.6 mm SL; 

India: Karnataka: Chandragiri. 

10.34.99 'Schistura' maculiceps (Roberts, 1989) 

Nemacheilus maculiceps Roberts, 1989: 108, fig. 83 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: rocky 

channel in mainstream of Sungai Pinoh, 37 km south of 

Nangapinoh; holotype: MZB 3543; compound adjective, 

indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Apparently represents a distinct genus. 

10.34.100 Schistura maepaiensis Kottelat, 1990 

Schistura maepaiensis Kottelat, 1990a: 143, fig. 105 (type 

locality: Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: Nam Mae 

Cha at Ban Pha Bong, 19°12'N 97°59'E, 12 km south of 

Mae Hong Son, Salween drainage; holotype: ZRC 38476 

[ex ZSM 27479]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.34.101 Schistura magnifluvis Kottelat, 1990 

Schistura magnifluvis Kottelat, 1990a: 146, fig. 107 (type 

locality: Thailand: Loei Province: Mekong main stream 

between Chiang Khan [17°50'N 101°45'E] to 70 km 

downstream by road; holotype: CAS 62549; compound 


10.34.102 Schistura mahnerti Kottelat, 1990 

Schistura mahnerti Kottelat, 1990a: 151, fig. 110 (type locality: 

Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: 20 km north of 

Mae Sariang, Salween drainage; holotype: ZRC 38477 

[ex ZSM 27478]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.34.103 Schistura malaisei Kottelat, 1990 

Schistura malaisei Kottelat, 1990a: 154, fig. 113 (type locality: 

Burma: Putao, Irrawaddy drainage; holotype: NRM 

25083; noun in genitive, indeclinable)

10.34.104 Schistura manipurensis (Chaudhuri, 1912) 

Nemachilus manipurensis Chaudhuri, 1912: 443, pl. 40 

fig. 4–4b, pl. 41 fig. 1–1b (type locality: India: Manipur 

[Irrawaddy drainage]; syntypes: ZSI [3]; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

10.34.105 Schistura melarancia Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura melarancia Kottelat, 2000: 65, fig. 46 (type locality: 

Laos: Oudomxai Province: Nam Kouat near Ban Nam 

Kouat, a tributary of Nam Nga, Mekong drainage; 

20°34'35"N 102°07'56"E; holotype: ZRC 45357; name 


Oreias lineatus Nguyen, 2005: 567, fig. 13 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Dien Bien Province: Dien Bien district: Nua 

Ngam, Nam Ngam stream, Mekong drainage; holotype: 


10.34.106 Schistura menanensis (Smith, 1945) 

Noemacheilus menanensis Smith, 1945: 310, fig. 65 (type 

locality: Thailand: Nan Province: Menam Kon, tributary 

of Menam Nan, Chao Phraya drainage; holotype: USNM 


10.34.107 Schistura minuta Vishwanath & Shanta Kumar, 

2006 

Schistura minutus Vishwanath & Shanta Kumar, 2006: 211, 

fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Tamenglong District: 

Iyei River, Noney, a tributary of Barak River, Brahmaputra 

drainage; holotype: ZSI FF3749; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

10.34.108 Schistura mobbsi Kottelat & Leisher, 2012 

Schistura mobbsi Kottelat & Leisher, 2012: 240, fig. 3 (type 

locality: Vietnam: Thai Nguyen Province: Phuong Hoang 

Cave, about 32 km from Bac Song (Lang Song Prov.), 

probably draining to Cau River, draining to Hai Phong; 

21°46'31''N 106°07'10''E; holotype: MHNG 2732.044; 


10.34.109 Schistura moeiensis Kottelat, 1990 

Schistura moeiensis Kottelat, 1990a: 164, fig. 120 (type 

locality: Thailand: Tak Province: Amphoe Mae Sot: Tambon 

Kanei Jiu, Huei Kit, Salween drainage; holotype: 

ZRC 38471 [ex ZSM 27480]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.34.110 Schistura montana McClelland, 1838 

Schistura montana McClelland, 1838: 947, pl. 55 fig. 1 (type 

locality: India: Himachal Pradesh: Simla [Shimla, 

31°06'12"N 77 10'20"E]; syntypes: ? BMNH 1860.3.19. 

118–119 [2]; also in M'Clelland, 1839: 307, 440, pl. 57 

fig. 1; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.111 Schistura mukambbikaensis (Menon, 1987) 

Noemacheilus denisoni mukambbikaensis Menon, 1987: 

101, pl. 10 fig. 7 (type locality: India: Karnataka: Kashi 

stream, a tributary of Kollur River, Mukambbika, 145 

km northeast of Mangalore; holotype: ZSI/SRS F 568; 


Taxonomic notes. See under Schistura denisoni. 


113 

10.34.112 Schistura multifasciata (Day, 1878) 

Nemachilus multifasciatus Day, 1878a: 617, pl. 153 fig. 7 

(type locality: India: Darjeeling and Assam; syntypes: ZSI 

F 2677 [1], BMNH 1889.2.1.1665–1667 [3], NMW 

48428 [1], AMS B.7737 [1], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 

157, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 123, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 


Nomenclatural notes. Day (1878a: 617) had at least two 

specimens of N. multifasciatus as he listed the distribution 

as Darjeeling and Assam, stating that the illustrated specimen 

came from Darjeeling. Thus the specimen listed as holotype 

by Menon & Yazdani (1968: 123) can only be a syntype. 

10.34.113 ? Schistura nagaensis (Menon, 1987) 

Noemacheilus nagaensis Menon, 1987: 117 (type locality: 

India: Nagaland: Phodung River, tributary of Tizu River 

[Chindwin basin; Vishwanath & Laisram, 2001: 209]; 

holotype: ZSI/SRS F 574; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Possibly a synonym of S. kangjupkhulensis. 

10.34.114 Schistura nagodiensis Sreekantha, Gururaja, 

Remadevi, Indra & Ramachandra, 2006 

Schistura nagodiensis Sreekantha, Gururaja, Remadevi, Indra 

& Ramachandra, 2006: 2211, fig. web suppl. 1a (type 

locality: India: Karnataka: Sharavathi River (13°54'40"N 

74°53'49"E), Algod, Shimoga; holotype: ZSI/SRS 

F-7595; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.34.115 Schistura namboensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001 

Schistura namboensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 163, figs. 32– 

34 (type locality: Vietnam: Dac Lac Province: small 

stream at Ea Nuol, about 20 km north-west of Buon Ma 

Thuot; 12°41.58'N 107°57.74'E; holotype: ZFMK 24094; 


10.34.116 Schistura nandingensis (Zhu & Wang, 1985) 

Noemacheilus nandingensis Zhu & Wang, 1985: 212, figs. 7– 

8 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Yunxian County: small 

tributary of Nanding River [Salween drainage], near 

Xingfu, 24°30'N 100°10'E; holotype: NGI 810497; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Treated as synonym of Pteronemacheilus 

meridionalis by Yang (in Chu & Chen, 1990: 49). 

10.34.117 Schistura nasifilis (Pellegrin, 1936) 

Nemachilus spilopterus var. nasifilis Pellegrin, 1936: 247 

(type locality: Vietnam: Annam: Nha Trang: Song Cai 

basin: Song Ko, 680 masl / Song Tan, 1400 masl; syntypes: 

MNHN 1936.21–25 [19], 1936.26–28 [20], 

BMNH 1936.7.30.3 [1], Kottelat, 1990a: 168; compound 


10.34.118 Schistura nicholsi (Smith, 1933) 

Nemacheilus nicholsi Smith, 1933: 53, fig. 1, pl. 1 fig. 1 

(type locality: Thailand: Pak Jong, circle of Nakon Rajasima 

[Nakhon Ratchasima Province; Mekong drainage]; 

holotype: KUMF 170, Monkolprasit, 1969: 6; noun in 

genitive, indeclinable)

10.34.124 Schistura obeini, CMK 22841, 77.6 mm SL; Laos: 


10.34.124 Schistura obeini, CMK 22829, 67.4 mm SL. 

Nemacheilus thai Fowler, 1934: 104, fig. 56 (type locality: 

Thailand: Bua Yai, Mekong drainage; holotype: ANSP 


? Schistura laterimaculata Kottelat, 1990a: 141, fig. 103 

(type locality: Thailand: Chayaphum Province: Kuan 

Gielom, Mekong drainage; holotype: ZRC 38470 [ex 

ZSM 27477]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.119 Schistura nilgiriensis (Menon, 1987) 

Noemacheilus nilgiriensis Menon, 1987: 106, pl. 10 figs. 8– 

9, pl. 14 figs. 1–2 (type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri 

District: small stream joining the outlet stream from 

Pykara dam; holotype: ZSI/SRS F 561; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

10.34.120 Schistura nomi Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura nomi Kottelat, 2000: 66, fig. 47 (type locality: 

Laos: Attapu Province: Xe Kaman at Muang Xaisettha, 



10.34.121 Schistura notostigma (Bleeker, 1863) 

Nemacheilus notostigma Bleeker, 1863b: 254 (type locality: 

Ceylon [Sri Lanka]; syntypes: RMNH [3, 57–71 mm 

TL]; also in Bleeker, 1864b: 5, pl. 1 fig. 2; compound 


10.34.122 Schistura novemradiata Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura novemradiata Kottelat, 2000: 66, fig. 48 (type 

locality: Laos: Louangnamtha Province: Nam Luang, 

about 2 km upstream of Ban Namluang, Mekong drainage; 




114 

10.34.120 Schistura nomi, CMK 21572, 49.0 mm SL; Laos: 


10.34.134 Schistura poculi, CMK 16153, 40.1 mm SL; Thailand: 

Chao Phraya drainage: Mae Taeng. 

10.34.123 Schistura nudidorsum Kottelat, 1998 

Schistura nudidorsum Kottelat, 1998a: 80, fig. 119 (type 

locality: Laos: Khammouan Province: Nam Theun drainage: 

Nam Phao at waterfall immediately downriver of 

border post on road from Lak Sao to Vinh (Vietnam), 


ZRC 41801; compound noun, indeclinable) 

10.34.124 Schistura obeini Kottelat, 1998 

Schistura obeini Kottelat, 1998a: 83, fig. 122 (type locality: 

Laos: Khammouan Province: Nam Theun drainage: Nam 

Phao at waterfall immediately downriver of border post 

on road from Lak Sao to Vinh (Vietnam), Mekong drainage; 



10.34.125 Schistura oedipus (Kottelat, 1988) 

Nemacheilus oedipus Kottelat, 1988c: 225, figs. 1–3 (type 

locality: Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: Nam Lang 

Cave, 19°31'N 98°09'E, Salween drainage; holotype: 

AMS I 25986-002; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

10.34.126 ? Schistura orthocauda (Mai, 1978) 

Barbatula orthocauda Mai, 1978: 231, fig. 105 (type locality: 

northern Vietnam; holotype: DVZUT; compound 


Taxonomic notes. The type locality information is useless. 

Nguyen (2005: 245) identified material from Ky Phu Dai Tu 

(Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam; Red River drainage) as 

S. orthocauda. A proper allocation of the name will only be 

possible after a critical revision of the barred Schistura from 

the Red River drainage. 

10.34.127 Schistura papulifera Kottelat, Harries & 

Proudlove, 2007 

Schistura papulifera Kottelat, Harries & Proudlove, 2007: 

36 fig. 1 (type locality: India: Meghalaya, Maintia Hills, 

Krem Umsngat entrance (25º11'14"N 92°21'03"E) to 

Synrang Pamiang cave system (main entrance 25º12'48"N 

92°21'48"E); holotype: MHNG 2680.074; adjective, 

-fer, -fera, -ferum)

10.34.144 Schistura punctifasciata, CMK 17134, 39.6 mm SL; 

Laos: Mekong drainage: Xe Bangfai. 

10.34.145 Schistura quaesita, CMK 22699, 79.7 mm SL; Laos: 


10.34.128 Schistura paucicincta Kottelat, 1990 

Schistura paucicincta Kottelat, 1990a: 177, fig. 133 (type 

locality: Thailand: Tak Province: Salween basin, Huai 

Mae Charno, 4 km south of Amphoe Mae Ramat on road 

1085, Salween drainage, 16°58'N 98°34'E; holotype: 

ZRC 38464 [ex ZSM 27481]; compound noun, indeclinable) 

10.34.129 Schistura paucifasciata (Hora, 1929) 

Nemachilus paucifasciatus Hora, 1929: 330, fig. 3, pl. 15 

figs. 1–2 (type locality: Burma: Northern Shan States: 

Hsipaw State: Monglong Subdivision: Hwe-gna-sang 

River, Pazi Township [Irrawaddy drainage]; holotype: 

ZSI F 6314/1; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.130 Schistura personata Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura personata Kottelat, 2000: 67, fig. 49 (type locality: 

Laos: Saisomboun Special Zone: Houay Sala Yai, 

tributary of Nam San, Mekong drainage; 18°35'17"N 


-um) 

10.34.131 Schistura pertica Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura pertica Kottelat, 2000: 67, fig. 50 (type locality: 

Laos: Phongsali Province: Nam Ou at confluence with 

Houay Nam, 3 km east-southeast of Muang Khoa, 

Mekong drainage; 21°04'10.4"N 102°31'43.8"E; holotype: 


10.34.132 Schistura pervagata Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura pervagata Kottelat, 2000: 68, fig. 51 (type locality: 

Laos: Houaphan Province: small stream tributary of 

Nam Hao, Nam Ma drainage; 20°31'09"N 104°21'44"E; 

holotype: ZRC 45366; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.133 ? Schistura phongthoensis (Nguyen, 2005) 

Paracobitis phongthoensis Nguyen, 2005: 564, fig. 11 (type 


Muong So [Song Da drainage]; holotype: 

NCNTTSI; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 


115 

10.34.155 Schistura rupecula, KU 40561, 64.0 mm SL; Nepal: 

Kosi drainage: Indrawati. (Photograph by Kevin Conway). 

10.34.155 Schistura rupecula, KU 40571, about 40 mm SL. (Photograph 

by Kevin Conway). 

10.34.134 Schistura poculi (Smith, 1945) 

Noemacheilus poculi Smith, 1945: 323, fig. 72 (type locality: 

Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Doi Angka [Doi Inthanon]; 

holotype: MCZ 35525; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Schistura poculi as used by Kottelat 

(1990a: 186) in fact includes several species (see, e.g. under 

S. hoai). 

10.34.135 Schistura polytaenia (Zhu, 1982) 

Nemachilus polytaenia Zhu, 1982a: 106, fig. 3 (type locality: 

China: Yunnan: tributary of Irrawaddy River in 

Tengchong County; holotype: NPIB 784092; compound 


10.34.136 Schistura porthos Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura porthos Kottelat, 2000: 69, fig. 52 (type locality: 





10.34.137 Schistura prashadi (Hora, 1921) 

Nemachilus prashadi Hora, 1921b: 203, pl. 10 fig. 2–2a (type 

locality: India: Manipur: Thonagpal Tank, Thoubal 

Stream and Sikmai Stream [Chinwin drainage]; holotype: 


Nomenclatural notes. Hora (1921b: 203) had material of 

N. prashadi based on 74 specimens from 3 localities, in 

Chindwin drainage. He designated ZSI F 9987/1 as holotype 

but did not mention its locality. Menon & Yazdani (1968: 

124) listed 5 "syntypes", ZSI 9988/1 from Thonagpal Tank, 

5 miles from Yaribuk. Menon (1987: 129) mentioned 26 

syntypes also as ZSI 9988/1.

10.34.138 Schistura pridii Vidthayanon, 2003 

Schistura pridii Vidthayanon, 2003: 307, fig. 1 (type locality: 

Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: stream Nam Muen, 

a tributary of Mae Taeng, upper Chao Phraya drainage; 

holotype: NIFI 2909; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.34.139 Schistura procera Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura procera Kottelat, 2000: 69, fig. 53 (type locality: 

Laos: Oudomxai Province: Nam Phak watershed: waterfall 

Taad Lak Sip Et, km 11 on road from Oudomxai to 

Nambak, Mekong drainage; 20°37'01.8"N 102°00' 

12.0"E; holotype: ZRC 45370; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.140 Schistura prolixifasciata Zheng, Yang & Chen, 

2012 

Schistura prolixifasciata Zheng, Yang & Chen, 2012b: 64, 

fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Cangyuan County: 

Mengnonghe River, a tributary of Nangunhe River (Salween 

drainage) at Banlao Village, 23°30'08.9"N 99°01' 

42.9" E, 510 masl; holotype: KIZ 200504111365; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.34.141 Schistura pseudofasciolata Zhou & Cui, 1993 

Schistura pseudofasciolata Zhou & Cui, 1993: 89, fig. 10 

(type locality: China: Sichuan: Huidong: Canyu River (a 

tributary of Jinshajiang River [Yangtze]) near Huidong; 

26°38'N 102°34'E; holotype: KIZ 90110157; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.34.142 Schistura psittacula Freyhof & Serov, 2001 

Schistura psittacula Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 170, figs. 37– 

38 (type locality: Vietnam: Quang Tri Province: middle 

Cam Lo River about 20 km west of Dong Ha; 16°47.00'N 

106°53.86'E; holotype: ZFMK 27015; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

10.34.143 Schistura pumatensis Nguyen & Nguyen, 2007 

Schistura pumatensis Nguyen [X. K.] & Nguyen [H. D.], 

2007: 17, fig. (type locality: Vietnam: Nghe An Province: 

Khe Bu stream in Pumat National Park, Lam drainage; 

holotype: Pumat National Park PM020170; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

10.34.144 Schistura punctifasciata Kottelat, 1998 

Schistura punctifasciata Kottelat, 1998a: 84, fig. 123 (type 

locality: Laos: Khammouan Province: Xe Banfai drainage: 

Nam Kathang, 5 km north of Ban Gnomalat at Ban 

Keovilay, Mekong drainage; 17°39'N 105°10'20"E; holotype: 

ZRC 41804; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.145 Schistura quaesita Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura quaesita Kottelat, 2000: 70, fig. 54 (type locality: 

Laos: Xiangkhouang Province: Nam Ngum, rapids downstream 

of Ban Latbouak, Mekong drainage; 19°36'28"N 


-um) 

10.34.146 Schistura quasimodo Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura quasimodo Kottelat, 2000: 70, fig. 55 (type locality: 

Laos: Saisomboun Special Zone: Houay Sala Yai, a 


116 

tributary of Nam San, Mekong drainage; 18°35'17"N 


indeclinable) 

10.34.147 Schistura rajasthanica (Mathur & Yazdani, 

1970) 

Noemacheilus rajasthanicus Mathur & Yazdani, 1970: 97, 

fig. 1 (type locality: India: Rajasthan: Takhat Sagar, Kailana 

[26°18'19"N 72°58'23"E], Jodhpur; holotype: ZSI; 


10.34.148 Schistura rara (Zhu & Cao, 1987) 

Noemacheilus rarus Zhu & Cao, 1987: 328, figs. 7–8 (type 

locality: China: Guangdong: Ruyuan County [24°52'42"N 

113°11'18"E]; holotype: NGI 840130; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

10.34.149 Schistura reidi (Smith, 1945) 

Noemacheilus reidi Smith, 1945: 313, fig. 67 (type locality: 

Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: Huey Mekong Kha, 

a mountain torrent at base of Doi Mekong Kha, Salween 

drainage; holotype: USNM 107944; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

10.34.150 Schistura reticulata Vishwanath & Nebeshwar, 

2004 

Schistura reticulata Vishwanath & Nebeshwar, 2004: 324, 

fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Chindwin drainage: 

Ukhrul District: Maklang River; holotype: MUMF 4400; 


10.34.151 Schistura reticulofasciata (Singh & Banarescu, 

in Singh, Sen, Banarescu & Nalbant, 1982) 

Mesonoemacheilus reticulofasciatus Singh & Bănărescu, in 

Singh, Sen, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982: 206, figs. 12– 

16 (type locality: India: Meghalaya: Barani, 20 km from 

Shillong; holotype: ZSI/ERS 3062; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

10.34.152 Schistura rikiki Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura rikiki Kottelat, 2000: 71, fig. 56 (type locality: 

Laos: Attapu Province: Xe Kong between Attapu and 

downstream to Ban Ouk, Mekong drainage; 14°44'51"N 


indeclinable) 

10.34.153 Schistura robertsi Kottelat, 1990 

Schistura robertsi Kottelat, 1990a: 198, fig. 148 (type locality: 

Thailand: Phangnga Province: tributary of Khlong 

Khao Thalu at Ban Bang Kan, 8°33'N 98°28'E, road from 

Phangnga to Kapong, km 22; holotype: ZRC 38472 [ex 

ZSM 27482]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.34.154 Schistura rosammai (Sen, 2009) 

Aborichthys rosammai Sen, 2009: 15, fig. 1, pls. 1–2 (type 

locality: India: Assam: Dhemaji District [27°28'27"N 

93°33'50"E]: Pabomukh, Subansiri River (27°34'N 

94°14'E); holotype: ZSI/ERS V/F/2129; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable)

10.34.155 Schistura rupecula McClelland, 1838 

Schistura rupecula McClelland, 1838: 948, pl. 55 fig. 3 (type 

locality: India: Himachal Pradesh: Simla [Shimla, 

31°06'12"N 77 10'20"E]; syntypes: SMF 8993 [6]; also 

in M'Clelland, 1839: 309, 441, erratum; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um [but see below]) 

Schistura rupicola M'Clelland, 1839: erratum (unjustified 

emendation of Schistura rupecula McClelland, 1838: 

948) 

Nemachilus rupecula var. inglisi Hora, 1935a: 58, pl. 3 figs. 

9–10 (type locality: India: Eastern Himalayas, rivers below 

Darjeeling and in Sikkim; holotype: ZSI F11755/1; 


Taxonomic notes. Menon (1987: 52) placed without explanation 

N. r. inglisi in the synonymy of S. multifasciata, which 

is not followed. The figures of the two species in Hora 

(1935a) and the figure of S. multifasciata in Day (1878a: 

pl. 153 fig. 7) show conspicuously differently shaped and 

patterned species. 

Nomenclatural notes. Schistura rupecula first appeared in 

McClelland (1838). It was repeated in M'Clelland (1839: 

309, 441). The erratum sheet in the second work includes a 

correction of rupecula into rupicola. Such a correction would 

have been valid only if included in the original description. 

The correction was linguistically correct but for nomenclature, 

formally, it is an unjustified emendation. 

Names ending in -cola (of which -cula is a misspelling) 

are nouns; they are often mistaken as adjectives. McClelland 

(1838) did not indicate if it was an noun or an adjective 

and this is not apparent from the species account alone; therefore 

it could be considered as a noun in apposition (Code 

art. 31.2.2). But elsewhere in both the 1838 and 1839 works 

McClelland described a Gonorhynchus rupeculus, in which 

rupeculus is an adjective. I take this as informative that, in 

Schistura too, rupecula is an adjective. 

10.34.156 Schistura russa Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura russa Kottelat, 2000: 71, fig. 57 (type locality: 





10.34.157 Schistura savona (Hamilton, 1822) 

Cobitis savona Hamilton, 1822: 357, 394 (type locality: India: 

Kosi River [at Nathpur near the Nepal frontier; Hora, 

1935a: 49]; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished figure 

reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 53 fig. 3; noun in 


Cobites obscura Swainson, 1839: 310 (available by indication 

to Hamilton, 1822: 357, No. 9 [which is C. savona]; 

type locality: India: Kosi River [at Nathpur; Hora, 1935a: 

49]; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced 

in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 53 fig. 3; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

? Shistura [sic] yenjitee Tekriwal & Rao, 1999: 93 (nomen 

nudum; locality: Bhutan: Phuntsholing area) 

10.34.158 Schistura scaturigina M'Clelland, 1839 

Schistura scaturigina M'Clelland, 1839: 308, 443, pl. 53 

fig. 6 (type locality: no data [probably India: below Dar- 


117 

jeeling Himalayas; Hora, 1935a: 65]; types: lost, based 

on an unpublished drawing by Hamilton; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

Schistura subfusca M'Clelland, 1839: 308, 443, pl. 53 fig. 5 

(type locality: India: Upper Assam; types: LU; simultaneous 

subjective synonym of Schistura scaturigina 

M'Clelland, 1839: 308, 443, first reviser [apparently 

Hora, 1935a: 64] gave precedence to S. scaturigina; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

Taxonomic notes. Synonymy partly based on Hora (1935a: 

64) and Menon (1987: 86). Confirmation seems needed. 

Menon also included S. shebbearei and S. zonata in the synonymy 

of S. scaturigina but they are retained as valid here. 

The status of all these nominal species should be critically 

re-examined. 

10.34.159 Schistura schultzi (Smith, 1945) 

Noemacheilus schultzi Smith, 1945: 317, fig. 69 (type locality: 

Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: Huey Melao on Doi 

Hua Mot, Mekong drainage; holotype: USNM 107953; 


10.34.160 Schistura semiarmata (Day, 1867) 

Nemacheilus semiarmatus Day, 1867a: 286 (type locality: 

India: Nilgherries: Bowany [Bhavani] and Seegoor Rivers, 

Billicul Lake; syntypes: BMNH 1867.7.24.25–27 [3], 

AMS B.7740 [1], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 157; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.34.161 Schistura sertata Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura sertata Kottelat, 2000: 71, fig. 58 (type locality: 

Laos: Louangphabang Province: Mekong drainage, Nam 

Xi below Kuang Xi waterfall, upstream of Ban Thapen; 

19°45'10"N 102°00'10"E; holotype: ZRC 45379; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.34.162 Schistura sexcauda (Fowler, 1937) 

Nemacheilus sexcauda Fowler, 1937: 156, figs. 75–76 (type 

locality: Thailand: Me Poon [Mae Phun, a stream entering 

Mae Nam Yom at 17°40'N 99°42'E, Chao Phraya 

drainage, de Schauensee, 1946: 5; see Kottelat, 1990a: 

207 for discussion of locality]; holotype: ANSP 68007; 


Noemacheilus fowlerianus Smith, 1945: 306 (type locality: 

Thailand: Me Poon [Mae Phun, a stream entering Mae 

Nam Yom at 17°40'N 99°42'E, Chao Phraya drainage, 

de Schauensee, 1946: 5; see Kottelat, 1990a: 207 for discussion 

of locality]; lectotype: ANSP 108189, designated 

by Kottelat, 1990a: 207; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.163 Schistura shadiwalensis Mirza & Nalbant, in 


Schistura shadiwalensis Mirza & Nalbant, in Mirza, Nalbant 

& Bănărescu, 1981: 125, figs. 51–55 (type locality: 

Pakistan: Punjab: Gujrat District: Shadiwal [32°37'13"N 

74°14'49"E] on Chenab River, right-side tributary of 

Sutlej River; holotype: ISBB 3369; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Menon (1987: 74) treated this species as 

synonym of S. horai, without discussion. The figures in the 

original descriptions of both species show great differences

10.34.174 Schistura spekuli, IRSNB 823, 57.2 mm SL, holotype; 

Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: cave in Chi Chu Chai. 

10.34.179 Schistura suber, CMK 22522, 44.8 mm SL; Laos: 


in body shape and colour pattern and without further information 

I can only retain the species as valid. 

10.34.164 Schistura sharavathiensis Sreekantha, Gururaja, 

Remadevi, Indra & Ramachandra, 2006 

Schistura sharavathiensis Sreekantha, Gururaja, Remadevi, 

Indra & Ramachandra, 2006: 2213, web suppl. fig. 3 (type 

locality: India: Karnataka: Shimoga: Sharavati River 

(14°08'15"N 74°44'30"E), Kalkatte tributary, 1 km upriver 

to Dabbe falls; holotype: ZSI/SRS F-7597; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

10.34.165 Schistura shebbearei (Hora, 1935) 

Nemachilus shebbearei Hora, 1935a: 52, pl. 3 figs. 1–2 (type 

locality: India: Northern Bengal [probably rivers and 

streams below Darjeeling; Hora, 1935a: 53]; holotype: 


Taxonomic notes. Listed without explanation as a synonym 

of S. scaturigina by Menon (1987: 86), which I do not follow 

judging from the great differences between the two species 

as described and figured by Hora (1935a). 

Nomenclatural notes. Hora gave the catalogue number of 

the holotype as ZSI F 11720/1, Menon & Yazdani (1968: 

125) and Eschmeyer & Fricke (2010) listed it as ZSI 

F 11719/1. 

10.34.166 Schistura shuangjiangensis (Zhu & Wang, 1985) 

Noemacheilus shuangjiangensis Zhu & Wang, 1985: 215, 

figs. 18–23 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Shuangjiang 

County: Xiaoheijiang River, tributary of Lancangjiang 

River [Mekong], 23°20'N 99°50'E; holotype: NGI 


10.34.167 Schistura sigillata Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura sigillata Kottelat, 2000: 72, fig. 59 (type locality: 

Laos: Saisomboun Special Zone: Houay Sala Yai, a tributary 

of Nam San, Mekong drainage; 18°35'17"N 103°05' 

00"E; holotype: ZRC 45381; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.168 Schistura sijuensis (Menon, 1987) 

Noemacheilus sijuensis Menon, 1987: 175, pl. 6 fig. 2 (type 

locality: India: Meghalaya: Garo Hills: Siju Cave, 100 


118 

10.34.185 Schistura tizardi, CMK 22361, 55.9 mm SL; Laos: 

Mekong drainage: Bolaven Plateau. 

10.34.187 Schistura udomritthiruji, CMK 22042, 42.4 mm SL; 

Thailand: Ranong Province: Kapoe. 

feet from entrance [25°21'02"N 90°41'04"E]; holotype: 

ZSI/SRS F 570; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.34.169 Schistura sikmaiensis (Hora, 1921) 

Nemachilus sikmaiensis Hora, 1921b: 201, pl. 9 fig. 4, pl. 10 

figs. 1–1a (type locality: Burma: Putao, Irrawaddy drainage 

[original type locality: India: Manipur: Sikmai stream 

near Palel]; neotype: NRM 10740, designated by Kottelat, 

1990a: 210; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Nemacheilus putaoensis Rendahl, 1948: 27, figs. 11–12 (type 

locality: Burma: Putao, Irrawaddy drainage; holotype: 

NRM 10740; junior objective synonym of Nemachilus 

sikmaiensis Hora, 1921b: 201; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.34.170 Schistura similis Kottelat, 1990 

Schistura similis Kottelat, 1990a: 210, fig. 156 (type locality: 

Thailand: Tak Province: Amphoe Tha Song Yang: Huei 

Ki Teu, Tambon Kanei Jiu, Salween drainage; holotype: 

ZRC 38478 [ex ZSM 27483]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.34.171 Schistura singhi (Menon, 1987) 

Noemacheilus singhi Menon, 1987: 119, pl. 16 fig. 1 (type 

locality: India: Nagaland: Kiphire [25°53'57"N 

94°46'51"E]; holotype: ZSI/SRS F 580; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

10.34.172 Schistura sokolovi Freyhof & Serov, 2001 

Schistura sokolovi Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 172, figs. 40–41 

(type locality: Vietnam: Gia Lai Province: Azun River 

about 30 km east of Pleiku, a tributary to Ba River; 

14°02.34'N 108°21.07'E; holotype: ZFMK 27116; noun 


10.34.173 Schistura sombooni Kottelat, 1998 

Schistura sombooni Kottelat, 1998a: 88, fig. 125 (type locality: 

Laos: Khammouan Province: Nam Phao 2 km upriver 

of Ban Lak Song (5 km upriver of Ban Nape), tributary 

of Nam Theun, Mekong drainage; approx. 

18°20'40"N 105°07'30"E; holotype: ZRC 41806; noun 

in genitive, indeclinable)

10.35.1 Sectoria atriceps, CMK 16049, 38.3 mm SL; Thailand: 

Chao Phraya drainage: Nan River. 

10.35.1 Sectoria atriceps, CMK 16059, 78.7 mm SL. 

10.34.174 Schistura spekuli Kottelat, 2004 

Schistura spekuli Kottelat, 2004b: 187, fig. 1 (type locality: 

Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: cave in centre of Chin Chu 

Chai village [10 km south of Tam Duong]; about 22°24'N 

103°26'E; holotype: IRSNB 823; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.34.175 Schistura spiesi Vidthayanon & Kottelat, 2003 

Schistura spiesi Vidthayanon & Kottelat, 2003: 165, fig. 4 

(type locality: Thailand: Phitsanulok Province: Thung 

Salaeng Luang National Park: upstream section of Tham 

Phra Wang Daeng cave, 100–200 m from entrance; 

16°40'41"N 100°41'24"E; holotype: NIFI 3150; noun in 


10.34.176 Schistura spiloptera (Valenciennes, in Cuvier 


Cobitis spiloptera Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 

1846: 27, pl. 522 (type locality: Vietnam: Cochinchine; 

syntypes: MNHN 3434 [19], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 96; 


Nemacheilus pellegrini Rendahl, 1944: 26, fig. 13 (type 

locality: Vietnam: Annam: Thua Luu, 50 km southeast of 

Hué; holotype: NHMG; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.34.177 Schistura spilota (Fowler, 1934) 

Nemacheilus spilotus Fowler, 1934: 105, fig. 57 (type locality: 

Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Metang River [Nam 

Mae Taeng], 35 miles north of Chiang Mai, Chao Phraya 

drainage; holotype: ANSP 56528; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.34.178 Schistura striata (Day, 1867) 

Nemacheilus striatus Day, 1867b: 347 (type locality: India: 

Wynaad at 3000 feet; syntypes [?]: ZSI A.2683 [lost], 

BMNH 1889.2.1.1661–1664 [4], AMS B.7487 [1], 


119 

10.36.2 Seminemacheilus lendlii, CMK 20141, 66.5 mm SL; Turkey: 

Beysehir. 

10.37.1 Speonectes tiomanensis, CMK 15963, 41.1 mm SL; Malaysia: 

Tioman Island. 

10.38.1 Sphaerophysa dianchiensis, IHB 63V888, 69.5 mm SL, 

holotype; China: Yunnan: Lake Dianchi. (Photograph by Zhang E). 

RMNH 2675 [1], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 157; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.34.179 Schistura suber Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura suber Kottelat, 2000: 72, fig. 60 (type locality: 

Laos: Vientiane Province: unnamed small forest stream 

along road from Thad Leuk to Nam Leuk dam site, 



10.34.180 Schistura susannae Freyhof & Serov, 2001 

Schistura susannae Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 179, figs. 46– 

47 (type locality: Vietnam: Quang Nam Danang Province: 

stream Mong Mo south of Hai Van Pass at national 

highway Nr. 1; 16°09.67'N 108°07.73'E; holotype: 

ZFMK 28382; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.34.181 Schistura tenura Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura tenura Kottelat, 2000: 73, fig. 61 (type locality: 

Laos: Vientiane Province: Nam Leuk about 1 km downstream 

of dam site, Mekong drainage; 18°26'10"N 102° 

57'01"E; holotype: ZRC 45384; compound adjective but 

proposed as a noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

10.34.182 Schistura thanho Freyhof & Serov, 2001 

Schistura thanho Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 182, figs. 49–50 

(type locality: Vietnam: Binh Dinh Province: Vinh Thanh 

River, about 65 km north-west Quy Nhon; 14°16.19'N 


indeclinable) 

10.34.183 Schistura tigrina Vishwanath & Nebeshwar 

Sharma, 2005 

Schistura tigrinum Vishwanath & Nebeshwar Sharma, 2005: 

79, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Tamenglong

District: Tamei Subdivision: Barak River at Khunpung, 

Brahmaputra drainage; MUMF 4105; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

10.34.184 Schistura tirapensis Kottelat, 1990 

Noemacheilus arunachalensis Menon, 1987: 129, pl. 16 

fig. 10 (type locality: India: Arunachal Pradesh: Tirap District: 

Riwa River at Nampong; holotype: ZSI/SRS F 572; 

junior primary homonym of N. arunachalensis Datta & 

Barman, 1984: 275; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Schistura tirapensis Kottelat, 1990a: 118 (replacement name 

for Noemacheilus arunachalensis Menon, 1987: 129; 


Noemacheilus dattai Menon, 1999: 170 (replacement name 

for Noemacheilus arunachalensis Menon, 1987: 129; 


10.34.185 Schistura tizardi Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura tizardi Kottelat, 2000: 73, fig. 62 (type locality: 

Laos: Attapu Province: Xe Kaman at Muang Xaisettha, 



10.34.186 Schistura tubulinaris Kottelat, 1998 

Schistura tubulinaris Kottelat, 1998a: 89, fig. 127 (type locality: 

Laos: Khammouan Province: Nam Theun, from Ban 

Signo to about 6 km upriver, Mekong drainage; 

17°50'50"N 105°03'00"E; holotype: ZRC 41808; compound 


10.34.187 Schistura udomritthiruji Bohlen & Šlechtová, 

2010 

Schistura udomritthiruji Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2010: 320, 

figs. 1–2 (type locality: Thailand: Ranong Province: small 

stream draining into Andaman Sea upstream of Kapoe; 

9°34'14"N 98º41'40"E; holotype: ZRC 51724; noun in 


10.34.188 Schistura vinciguerrae (Hora, 1935) 

Nemachilus vinciguerrae Hora, 1935a: 62, pl. 3 fig. 12 (type 

locality: Burma: Meekalan, Salween drainage, Salween 

drainage; holotype: ZSI F 11754/1; Vinciguerra is treated 

as a Latinized name and vinciguerrae is correct original 

spelling [Code art. 31.1.1 and Example]; noun in 


10.34.189 Schistura waltoni (Fowler, 1937) 

Nemacheilus waltoni Fowler, 1937: 157, figs. 77–79 (type 

locality: Thailand: Me Poon [Mae Phun, a stream entering 

Mae Nam Yom at 17°40'N 99°42'E, Chao Phraya 

drainage, de Schauensee, 1946: 5; see Kottelat, 1990a: 

207 for discussion of locality]; holotype: ANSP 68008; 


Noemacheilus obscurus Smith, 1945: 316, fig. 68 (type locality: 

Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Doi Angka [Doi Inthanon], 

Chao Phraya drainage; holotype: MCZ 35520; 

junior secondary homonym of Cobites obscura Swainson, 

1839: 310, if both are treated as valid species in 

Schistura; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 


120 

10.34.190 Schistura xhatensis Kottelat, 2000 

Schistura xhatensis Kottelat, 2000: 74, fig. 63 (type locality: 

Laos: Louangphabang Province: Nam Xhat, upstream 

of Ban Nam Sa, Mekong drainage; 20°06'43"N 103°19' 

56"E; holotype: ZRC 45388; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.34.191 Schistura yersini Freyhof & Serov, 2001 

Schistura yersini Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 186, figs. 52–53 

(type locality: Vietnam: Lam Dong Province: small stream 

running to Da Dung River south of Da Lat; 11°46.86'N 

108°25.04'E; holotype: ZFMK 23579; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

10.34.192 Schistura yingjiangensis (Zhu, 1982) 

Nemachilus yingjiangensis Zhu, 1982a: 107, fig. 4 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Yingjiang County: Daying River, 

a tributary of Irrawaddy River; holotype: NPIB 


10.34.193 Schistura zonata M'Clelland, 1839 

Schistura zonata M'Clelland, 1839: 308, 441, pl. 53 fig. 1 

(type locality: India: Upper Assam: Muttuc District; types: 

LU; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Nemacheilus mugah Day, 1869: 382 (type locality: India: 

Cossye River [Kasai] at Midnapore [22°15'N 87°39'E]; 

types: ZSI A.961 [lost], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 157; 


Taxonomic notes. Nemacheilus mugah is listed as a synonym 

of S. zonata by Day (1878a: 618) and Menon (1974: 

56) (1987: 86) and S. zonata is listed as a synonym of 

S. scaturigina by Menon (1987: 86). The later, unexplained, 

synonymy is not followed. The identity of all these nominal 

species remains unsolved. 

10.35 Sectoria Kottelat, 1990 

Sectoria Kottelat, 1990a: 229 (type species: Noemacheilus 

atriceps Smith, 1945: 312, by original designation). Gender 

feminine. 

10.35.1 Sectoria atriceps (Smith, 1945) 

Noemacheilus atriceps Smith, 1945: 312, fig. 66 (type locality: 

Thailand: Nan Province: Menam Kon, tributary of 

Menam Nan, at Ban Khana, Chao Phraya drainage; holotype: 

USNM 117750; compound adjective, indeclinable) 

10.35.2 Sectoria heterognathos (Chen, 1999) 

Schistura heterognathos Chen, 1999: 301, fig. 1 (type locality: 

China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: 

Nanla River, Nazhao (21°40'55"N 101°35'20"E), about 

25 km from Mengla, Mekong drainage; holotype: IHB 


Sectoria megastoma Kottelat, 2000: 74, fig. 64 (type locality: 

China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: market in Mengla, 

Mekong drainage; holotype: NRM 33232; compound 

noun, proposed as a noun in apposition, indeclinable)

10.36 Seminemacheilus Banarescu & Nalbant, 1995 

Heminoemacheilus Bănărescu, 1977: 44 (nomen nudum) 

Seminemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1995: 449 (type 

species: Nemacheilus lendlii Hankó, 1924: 155, by original 


10.36.1 Seminemacheilus ispartensis Erk'akan, Nalbant 

& Özeren, 2007 

Seminemacheilus ispartensis Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 

2007: 76, fig. 7 (type locality: Turkey: Isparta Creek, 

Egirdir-Isparta Road, 1 st railway pass, 37°38'N 30°31'E; 

holotype: HUIC AKD-1; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Coordinates possibly erroneous; they are 

identical to those of the type locality of Barbatula mediterraneus, 

which is from a different locality. 

10.36.2 Seminemacheilus lendlii (Hankó, 1924) 

Nemachilus lendlii Hankó, 1924: 155, pl. 3 fig. 9 (type locality: 

Turkey: Eski-Chehir; syntypes: MNH [10, lost]; noun 


10.37 Speonectes Kottelat, 2012 

Speonectes Kottelat, 2012: 139 [appendix of present work] 

(type species: Sundoreonectes tiomanensis Kottelat, 

1990b: 52, by original designation). Gender masculine. 

10.37.1 Speonectes tiomanensis (Kottelat, 1990) 

Sundoreonectes tiomanensis Kottelat, 1990b: 52, pl. 1 fig. 2 

(type locality: Malaysia: Pulau Tioman: cave in Gunung 

[Mount] Kajang, at 3400 feet; holotype: BMNH 1989.2. 

23.1; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.38 Sphaerophysa Cao & Zhu, 1988 

Sphaerophysa Cao & Zhu, 1988b: 405 (type species: 

Sphaerophysa dianchiensis Cao & Zhu, 1988: 405, by 


10.38.1 Sphaerophysa dianchiensis Cao & Zhu, 1988 

Sphaerophysa dianchiensis Cao & Zhu, 1988b: 405, fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Yunnan: Dianchi Lake near Kunming; 

holotype: IHB 63V888; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.39 Sundoreonectes Kottelat, 1990 

Sundoreonectes Kottelat, 1990b: 52 (type species: Nemacheilus 

obesus Vaillant, 1902: 134, by original designation). 


10.39.1 Sundoreonectes obesus (Vaillant, 1902) 

Nemacheilus obesus Vaillant, 1902: 134, figs. 39–40 (type 

locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Bloeoe 

River [Bluu, 0°42'N 114°24'E]; lectotype: RMNH 7780, 

designated by Kottelat, 1984b: 232; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

10.39.2 Sundoreonectes sabanus (Chin, 1990) 

Elxis sabanus Chin, 1990: 74, fig. 3 (type locality: Malaysia: 

Borneo: Sabah: Sipitang District: mountain stream 


121 

in Mendolong area; holotype: FMNH 98130; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.40 Tarimichthys Prokofiev, 2010 

Tarimichthys Prokofiev, 2010: 896 (subgenus of Triplophysa 

Rendahl, 1933: 21; type species: Nemachilus bombifrons 

Herzenstein, 1888: 67, by original designation). 


10.40.1 Tarimichthys bombifrons (Herzenstein, 1888) 

Nemachilus bombifrons Herzenstein, 1888: 67, pl. 2 fig. 2, 

pl. 4 fig. 2 (type locality: China: Xinjiang: Chotan River 

[Khotan, Hotan He; confluence with Yarkand at 

40°22'21"N 80°56'18"E]; lectotype: ZISP 7359, designated 

by Prokofiev, 2002b: 429, fig. 3; compound noun, 

indeclinable) 

10.40.2 Tarimichthys edsinicus (Prokofiev, 2003) 

Triplophysa edsinica Prokofiev, 2003b: 66, fig. 29 (type 

locality: China: "Hexi region": Edsin-Gol [Ejin, Ejina 

He, Eiin, Hei-He, Ruo-Shui; a river flowing north to endorheic 

Gaxun Nuur (Juyan Lake), 42°25'20"N 

100°40'07"E]; holotype: ZISP 17294; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

10.40.3 Tarimichthys incipiens (Herzenstein, 1888) 

Nemachilus bombifrons incipiens Herzenstein, 1888: 73 

(type locality: China: Xinjiang: "Keria Mts." [Keriya, 

36°53'00"N 81°36'00"E, about 160 km east of Khotan]; 

lectotype: ZISP 7365/1, designated by Prokofiev, 2002b: 

428, fig. 1; participle, indeclinable) 

10.41 Traccatichthys Freyhof & Serov, 2001 

Traccatichthys Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 188 (type species: 

Nemacheilus taeniatus Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936: 229, 


10.41.1 Traccatichthys pulcher (Nichols & Pope, 1925) 

Nemacheilus pulcher Nichols & Pope, in Nichols, 1925b: 1 


8364 [apparently based on single specimen listed by 

Nichols & Pope, 1927: 339]; adjective, -er, -ra, -rum) 

10.41.2 Traccatichthys taeniatus (Pellegrin & Chevey, 

1936) 

Nemacheilus pulcher var. taeniata Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936: 

229, fig. 6 (type locality: Vietnam: Tonkin: Thiong Khé, 

Phu Tho, Red River drainage; holotype: MNHN 

1935.348; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

? Micronemacheilus zispi Prokofiev, 2004b: 158, fig. 2 

[p. 195 in translation] (type locality: China: Hainan: Sanya, 

a mountain stream 110 km from Duao-Lyu-Shan village; 

holotype: ZISP 46740; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

? Micronemacheilus bacmeensis Nguyen & Vo, in Nguyen, 

2005: 562, fig. 10 (type locality: Vietnam: Ha Giang Province: 

Bac Me district: Minh Son stream, Red River drainage; 

holotype: NCNTTSI; adjective, -is, -is, -e)

10.39.2 Sundoreonectes sabanus, FMNH 99436, 54.1 mm SL; 

Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Crocker Range. 

10.40.1 Tarimichthys bombifrons, ZISP 7341, 203 mm SL; China: 

Xinjiang: Lop Nor basin, Quarqan River. (From Herzenstein, 

1888: pl. 2 fig. 2). 

10.42 Triplophysa Rendahl, 1874 

Diplophysa Kessler, 1874: 57 (type species: Diplophysa 

strauchii Kessler, 1874: 58, by subsequent designation 

by Berg, 1916: 348; junior homonym of Diplophysa 

Gegenbaur, 1850: 291 in Coelenterata). Gender feminine. 

Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933: 21 (subgenus of Nemacheilus 

Bleeker, 1863a: 37; type species: Nemacheilus hutjertjuensis 

Rendahl, 1933: 28, by original designation). Gender 

feminine. 

Tauphysa Rendahl, 1933: 22 (subgenus of Nemacheilus 

Bleeker, 1863a: 37; type species: Diplophysa kungessana 

Kessler, 1879: 286, by original designation). Gender 

feminine. 

Deuterophysa Rendahl, 1933: 23 (replacement name for 

Diplophysa Kessler, 1874: 57; junior homonym of Deuterophysa 

Warren, 1889: 272 in Lepidoptera). Gender 

feminine. 

Didymophysa Whitley, 1950: 44 (replacement name for 

Diplophysa Kessler, 1874: 57 and Deuterophysa 

Rendahl, 1933: 23). Gender feminine. 

Diplophysoides Fowler, 1958: 13 (replacement name for 

Diplophysa Kessler, 1874: 57 and Deuterophysa 

Rendahl, 1933: 23). Gender masculine. 

Linemacheilus Anonym, 2005: 67 (nomen nudum) 

Taxonomic notes. Triplophysa is an artificial assemblage 

of species. Among them some species have been grouped in 

a few diagnosable lineages and have been named (Hedinichthys, 

Qinghaichthys, Labiatophysa, Indotriplophysa, 

Tarimichthys) and treated as subgenera of Triplophysa, while 

the relationships of the majority are still unresolved. At this 

stage, these lineages seem well supported but their interrelationships 

are still not established. In such a situation, there 

does not seem to be reason or advantage in using a subgeneric 

rank, which implies that some relationship has been 

worked out. They are therefore treated as distinct, valid genera. 

Nomen nudum 

Triplophysa malloryi Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1995: figs. 24b, 

25e (nomen nudum) 


122 

10.40.1 Tarimichthys bombifrons, ASIZB 50187, 167 mm SL. 

10.42.1 ? Triplophysa akhtari (Vijayalakshmanan, 1950) 

Nemachilus akhtari Vijayalakshmanan, 1950: 219, fig. 1 

(type locality: Afghanistan: Farakhollum, about 10 miles 

south of Gardan Diwar, Helmund River; syntypes [at least 

6]: ZSI F 244/2 [1]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Treated as a synonym of T. stolickai by 

Prokofiev (2007b: 4), which geography suggests should be 

re-examined. 

Nomenclatural notes. Nemacheilus akhtari was described 

on the basis of an unspecified number of specimens; morphometric 

data were given for five. No holotype was indicated. 

Menon & Yazdani (1968: 121) list only a 'holotype' 

(ZSI F 244/2). This specimen is at best a syntype. The fate 

of the remaining specimens is not known. 

10.42.2 Triplophysa alexandrae Prokofiev, 2001 

Triplophysa alexandrae Prokofiev, 2001a: 203, fig. 13 [not 

19] (type locality: China: Sichuan: Min River basin, Dadu 

He River east of Kangding [30°03'N 101°58'E; Yangtze 

drainage]; holotype: ZISP 16335; noun in genitive, indeclinable)

10.41.2 Traccatichthys taeniatus, CMK 14885, 66.6 mm SL; Vietnam: 

Quang Ninh. 

10.42.3 Triplophysa aliensis Zhu & Wu, in Wu & Zhu, 1979 

Triplophysa aliensis Zhu & Wu, in Wu & Zhu, 1979: 29, fig. 

9 (type locality: China: Xizang [Tibet]: Ali, Xiang-quan 

and Shi-quan Rivers, Indus River drainage; syntypes: 

NPIB (?) 74.201–244, 255 [45]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.4 Triplophysa altipinnis Prokofiev, 2003 

Triplophysa altipinnis Prokofiev, 2003b: 63, fig. 25 (type 

locality: China: eastern Qaidam: Dzukha; holotype: ZISP 


10.42.5 Triplophysa aluensis Li & Zhu, 2000 

Triplophysa aluensis Li & Zhu, 2000: 396, fig. 1 (type locality: 

China: Yunnan: Luxi County: Yusun River in cave 

Alugudong, 24°17'N 103°48'E [24°33'N 103°45'E; 

Romero et al., 2009: 259]; holotype: HRAS 2000062001; 


10.42.6 Triplophysa angeli (Fang, 1941) 

Nemacheilus Angeli Fang, 1941: 256 (type locality: China: 

western Sse-chuan [Sichuan] [probably Pingwu County: 

Long'an; on Fu Jiang river, Jialing Jiang system, Yangtze 

drainage; 32°24'31"N 104°31'36"E; see below]; holotype: 

MNHN 6287, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 97, fig. 3; noun in 


Taxonomic notes. Herzenstein (1888: 21), Rendahl (1933: 

46) and Prokofiev (2003a: 703) discussed ZISP 4471 received 

from MNHN as N. nudus from Sichuan. Fang (1941: 

253) explained that this specimen had been taken from a jar 

labelled "Nemacheilus nudus Blkr.; Sse-chuan Occid.; 

R. P. A. David, 1870–58". The remaining 11 specimens from 

this jar (MNHN 6287) are the types of Nemacheilus angeli. 

In Sichuan, David visited Chengdu, then travelled to Muping. 

Muping is now in Western Sichuan, but at David's time 

it was an independant princedom and David's map shows it 

in Tibet (see Oreias dabryi). After returning to Chengdu, 

David wanted to visit Kokonoor [now China: Qinghai]. He 

reached to Lon-gan [Sichuan: Pingwu County; also as Lunyan, 

Lung-yan, Lungan; 32°24'31"N 104°31'36"E], explored 

that area, returned to Chengdu and Shanghai (David, 1871: 

97). This makes Pingwu the most likely type locality for 

N. angeli. Unfortunately, David did not published a detailed 

account of this part of his second travel. His map (1875) 

shows that he made a number of small trips around Pingwu. 

10.42.7 Triplophysa anterodorsalis Zhu & Cao, in Zhu, 

1989 

Triplophysa anterodorsalis Zhu & Cao, in Zhu, 1989: 106, 

fig. 73 (type locality: China: Sichuan: a branch of Jin- 


123 

10.42.9 Triplophysa arnoldii, CMK 19546, 71.0 mm SL; Mongolia: 

Lake Ayrag basin. 

shajiang River [Yangtze] in Huidongxian County 

[26°38'04"N 102°34'41"E]; holotype: NGI ? 60VIII0084; 


10.42.8 Triplophysa aquaecaeruleae Prokofiev, 2001 

Triplophysa aquaecaeruleae Prokofiev, 2001a: 195, fig. 7 

[not fig. 1] (type locality: China: Qinghai: Ba-tshu River 

(? Ba Qu), a tributary of Blue River (Changjiang 

[Yangtze]) (near Yushu, 33°N 92°E) [Yushu town, Gyêgu 

Prefecture, 33°00'11"N 97°00'36"E; Jerku on Kozlov's 

1902a map]; holotype: ZISP 12494, He et al., 2008: 48, 

fig. 5b; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. The coordinates for the type locality 

(Yushu) are given in the original description as about 33°N 

92°E. This seems erroneous since this is not within the area 

visited by Kozlov (the collector) in 1900 (maps in Kozlov, 

1948). There is Yushu in Gyêgu Prefecture, Qinghai, at 

33°00'11"N 97°00'36"E. The 'Ba Tschu' of Kozlov's (1948) 

map of Kam enters a Gou-tschou [? difficult to decipher on 

map] at about 32°52'33"N 97°04'15"E, based on Google 

Earth images. 

10.42.9 Triplophysa arnoldii Prokofiev, 2006 

Triplophysa arnoldii Prokofiev, 2006b: 237, figs. 1–2 (type 

locality: Mongolia: stream connecting Lakes Ayrag-Nuur 

and Khirgis-Nuur [Khyar-gas], Kobdo basin [Khovd Gol; 

48°56'20"N 93°20'42"E]; holotype: ZISP 29054; noun 


10.42.10 Triplophysa bashanensis Xu & Wang, 2009 

Triplophysa bashanensis Xu & Wang, 2009: 381, figs. 2–4 

(type locality: China: Shaanxi: Xixiang County (32°35'N 

107°27'E): Dahe Town: Huangjiabian stream in Loufang 

Village, a tributary of Jialingjiang River, 712 masl; holotype: 

SIZ 0608008; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Triplophysa longchiensis Xu & Wang, 2009: 384 (name apparently 

erroneously used instead of T. bashanensis Xu 

& Wang, 2009: 381 in English translation of text; formally 

a simultaneous objective synonym; as first reviser I 

give precedence to T. bashanensis; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.11 Triplophysa bellibarus (Tchang, Yueh & Hwang, 

1963) 

Nemachilus bellibarus Tchang, Yueh & Hwang, 1963: 625, 

figs. 4–7 (type locality: China: Southern Tibet: Tso-Hwui- 

La, upper reaches of Nyang-Chu [a tributary of Brahmaputra]; 

holotype: ASIZB TS-409; compound noun, 

indeclinable ['Latinized' English nouns belly and bar]) 

Taxonomic notes. Treated as a synonym of T. microps by 

Wu & Wu (1992: 196); not listed among synonyms of T. 

microps by Prokofiev (2010: 895).

10.42.12 Triplophysa bleekeri (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 

1874) 

Nemachilus Bleekeri Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874: 

15 (type locality: China: southern Shen-si [Shaanxi]: 

Yenkiatsoun [or Yen-kia-tsong; David, 1875: map; Baoji 

Prefecture, apparently Mei County [34°17'N 107°45'E]; 

in Tsang-Yu torrent, Wei He system, Huang He drainage; 

see below]; syntypes: MNHN 7890 [1], B.2642 [7], Bertin 

& Estève, 1948: 98, fig. 2; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. The holotype is 25.0 mm SL and the original 

description does not include usable information for identification. 

The name is presently applied for a Chinese species 

known from the Han Jiang, Jialing Jiang and Min Jiang 

in the Yangtze drainage in Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces 

(He et al., 2008: 49). In fact, the type locality is in the Huang 

He drainage and the identity of the species identified as 

T. bleekeri should be re-examined. 

There has been speculations about the location of the 

type locality, which could not be identified. This information 

is given by the collector in the description of his travel 

(David, 1875) and on the accompanying map. Yenkiatsoun 

[or Yen-kia-tsong on map] is (or is near) present Mei County 

in Baoji Prefecture, Shaanxi, near Wei He river, in Huang 

He drainage. David (1875: vol. 1: 267) collected "a Gobius 

and another small fish" in the torrent Tsang-yu in Yenkiatsoun 

on 31 January 1873. Six small "ablettes" (probably a 

small cyprinid since ablette is the French word for Alburnus, 

a genus of silvery European cyprinids) were caught later 

(p. 268). 

10.42.13 Triplophysa brachyptera (Herzenstein, 1888) 

Nemachilus robustus brachypterus Herzenstein, 1888: 40, 

pl. 5 fig. 1 (type locality: China: Gan-ssu [Gansu]; syntypes: 

ZISP 7320 [2]; compound adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

? Nemachilus minxianensis Wang & Zhu, 1979: 129, fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Gansu: upper drainage of Tau-He 

River, branch of Huang He; syntypes: IHB 771465 [1], 

771372 [1]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Tentative synonymy follows Prokofiev 

(2007b: 4, 2010: 895). 

10.42.14 Triplophysa brahui (Zugmayer, 1912) 

Nemachilus brahui Zugmayer, 1912: 598 (type locality: Pakistan: 

Balochistan: Kelat [Kalat, Qalat; 29°01'33"N 

66°35'24"E; apparently in Pishin Lora River endorheic 

basin]; syntypes: ZSM [24, lost; Kottelat, 1988a, pers. 

obs.]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.42.15 Triplophysa brevibarba Ding, 1993 

Triplophysa brevibarba Ding, 1993: 249, fig. 5 (type locality: 

China: Sichuan: Mianning County, 28°34'N 102°10'E; 

holotype: MSINR 900264; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Triplophysa dingi Prokofiev, 2010: 842, 895 (unnecessary 

replacement name for Triplophysa brevibarba Ding, 


Taxonomic notes. Prokofiev (2010: 895) considered that T. 

brevibarba Ding, 1993 is a secondary junior homonym of 

Nemachilus yarkandensis brevibarbus Herzenstein, 1888: 

78 [now in Hedinichthys] and proposed T. dingi as new re- 


124 

placement name. However, to be secondary homonyms the 

two names should have been used in combination with the 

same generic name (Code art. 57.3.1). This means that it is 

not enough that N. y. brevibarbus has been placed in Triplophysa 

as a synonym of T. yarkandensis. It is a senior synonym 

only if the combination Triplophysa brevibarba 

(Herzenstein) or T. yarkandensis brevibarba (Herzenstein) 

has been used. To my knowledge, N. y. brevibarbus Herzenstein 

has never been treated as a valid species in Triplophysa 

and the combination has never been used. Therefore 

T. dingi is an unnecessary replacement name. 

Note that brevibarbus is an adjective and declinable and 

brevibarba is a compound noun and indeclinable. 

10.42.16 Triplophysa brevicauda (Herzenstein, 1888) 

Nemachilus Stoliczkae brevicauda Herzenstein, 1888: 23, 

pl. 5 fig. 4 (type locality: "Dabsun-Gobi" [apparently 

China: Qinghai: Dabsan Nur Lake, 56°58'N 95°00'E]; 

lectotype: ZISP 7370, designated by Prokofiev, 2007b: 

12, fig. 5a; compound noun, indeclinable) 

10.42.17 Triplophysa cakaensis Cao & Zhu, 1988 

Triplophysa cakaensis Cao & Zhu, 1988a: 201, figs. 1–3 

(type locality: China: Qinghai: Ulanxian County: stream 

in Cakayanhu Lake [36°42'00"N 99°06'00"E] endorheic 

basin near Caka, "36°N 98°E"; holotype: IHB 56IX0034; 


10.42.18 Triplophysa chondrostoma (Herzenstein, 1888) 

Nemachilus chondrostoma Herzenstein, 1888: 36, pl. 3 fig. 7 

(type locality: China: Qinghai: Zaidam [Quaidam basin]: 

Bajan-gol River [37°18'N 96°50'E]; holotype: ZISP 7219, 

Prokofiev, 2003b: 53, fig. 1; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Placed in Hedinichthys by Wu & Wu 

(1992: 263). 

10.42.19 Triplophysa coniptera (Turdakov, 1954) 

Nemachilus conipterus Turdakov, 1954: 117 (type locality: 

Kyrgyzstan: Ters River, Talas basin; syntypes [? 34]: LU; 


Nemachilus conipterus salari Turdakov, 1954: 122 (type 

locality: Uzbekistan: Salar canal in Tachkent [41°16'N 

69° 13'E; Syr Darya drainage]; types: LU; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

10.42.20 Triplophysa crassilabris Ding, 1994 

Triplophysa crassilabris Ding, 1994: 92, fig. 56 (type locality: 

China: Sichuan: Xia Man Lake, 3400 masl; holotype: 

MSINR 830578; compound noun, indeclinable) 

10.42.21 Triplophysa cuneicephala (Shaw & Tchang, 

1931) 

Barbatula cuneicephalus Shaw & Tchang, 1931: 81, fig. 10 

(type locality: China: San-kai-tien, near Peiping [Beijing]; 

holotype: ZMFIB 6237; compound adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.42.22 Triplophysa dalaica (Kessler, 1876) 

Diplophysa dalaica Kessler, 1876: 24, pl. 3 fig. 1 (type locality: 

China: Nei Mongol: Lake Dalai Nor [43°18'N

116°40'E]; lectotype: ZISP 2474, designated by Prokofiev, 

2003b: 55, fig. 5; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Nemachilus djaggasteensis Rendahl, 1922: 1 (type locality: 

China: Nei Mongol: Djaggaste [Tjaggan Obo, Obor Jalag, 

Wu-pu-lin-cha-la-ka, 46.33 120.75] [about 120 km on 

road from Kalgan [Zhangjiakou] to Urga [Ulaan Baatar], 

41.7039°N 113.839°E; NRM catalogue]; syntypes: 

NRM 10338 [18], 20338 [1], 18946 [1], 27321 [5], 

MNHN 1933.116 [1], Bertin & Estève, 1948-98; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

Barbatula toni posteroventralis Nichols, 1925b: 4 (type 

locality: China: Shansi: Chin Ssu, 16 miles southwest of 

Taiyuanfu; holotype: AMNH 8410; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Nemachilus djaggasteensis and B. posteroventralis 

are listed as synonyms of T. dalaica by Zhu 

(1989: 82). They are not mentioned by Prokofiev (2003b, 

2010: 895). 

10.42.23 Triplophysa daqiaoensis Ding, 1993 

Triplophysa daqiaoensis Ding, 1993: 247, fig. 1 (type locality: 

China: Sichuan: Minnin County: Daqiao, 28°41'N 102° 

12'E; holotype: MSINR 900267; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.24 Triplophysa dorsalis (Kessler, 1872) 

Cobitis dorsalis Kessler, 1872: 67, pl. 11 figs. 34–35 (type 

locality: Kazakhstan: Yani-Kurgan [Yanykurgan, Zhanakorgan, 

43°54'54"N 67°14'53"E; on Syr-Darya]; syntypes 

[8]: ZISP 2079 [2], 3702 [according to Herzenstein, 1888: 

20]; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

? N[emacheilus] (Deuterophysa) dorsalis valerii Mitrofanov, 

2002: 124 (not available: no fixation of holotype or syntypes, 

Code art. 16.4.1, no intention to establish a new 

taxon, Code art. 16.1; locality: Kazakhstan: Ili drainage, 

Bolshaya Almatinka River [43°34'01"N 76°54'03"E]; 


Taxonomic notes. The type locality of C. dorsalis given by 

Kessler is Yani-Kurgan. Berg (1949: 858) gave it as "Yanykurgan, 

in the Chimkent or the Dzhizak District ?". Chimket 

is in Kazakhstan [Shymkent, 42°19'00"N 69°35'45"E] and 

Dzhizak is in Uzbekistan [Djizak, Jizzax, Jizzakh, 40°06' 

57"N 67°50'32"E]. 

10.42.25 Triplophysa dorsonotata (Kessler, 1879) 

Nemachilus dorsonotatus Kessler, 1879: 285 (type locality: 

China: Xinjiang: Kungès River [Künes He], a tributary 

of Ili River, alt. 4000 ft.; lectotype: ZISP 4175 [1 of 2], 

listed by Prokofiev, 2007b: 4, 6, 8, but not formally designated, 

this specimen is here designated as lectotype; 

reprinted as Kessler, 1880: 271; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

? Nemachilus cuëljuensis Anikin, 1905: 6, 18 [of reprint] 

(type locality: Kyrgyzstan: Issyk Kul Province: Ak-Suu 

District: Kuelyu River [Kuilyu; 42°12'16"N 78°57'37"E], 

tributary of Sarydzhas [Sary-Dzhaz, Sarychat], Tarim 

basin [flows to Aksu-He and Yarkand in Xinjiang, China]; 

syntypes [3]: LU; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.26 Triplophysa drassensis (Tilak, 1990) 

Noemacheilus drassensis Tilak, 1990: 136, fig. 1 (type locality: 

India: Jammu and Kashmir: Ladakh: stream near 


125 

Drass [34°25'46"N 75°45'07"E]; holotype: ZSI/NRS 

1206; paper dated 1990 but possibly not published until 


Nomenclatural notes. See Triplophysa shehensis for publication 

date. 

10.42.27 ? Triplophysa elegans (Kessler, 1874) 

Cobitis elegans Kessler, 1874: 43 (type locality: Uzbekistan: 

Salar stream near Tachkent [41°16'N 69° 13'E; Syr 

Darya drainage]; syntypes: ZISP 10931 [1; also listed 

under C. uranoscopus], ZMMU P2542 [1], P-8002 [3], 

Svetovidova, 1978: 259, Vasilieva et al., in Pavlinov & 

Borissenko, 2001: 28; adjective, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Listed as synonym of T. stolickai by Prokofiev 

(2007b: 4), which geography suggests should be reexamined. 

10.42.28 Triplophysa farwelli (Hora, 1935) 

Nemachilus farwelli Hora, 1935b: 799, fig. 4d, pl. 1 fig. 2 

(type locality: Afghanistan: Helmand River; holotype: ZSI 

F 11515/1; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.42.29 Triplophysa flavicorpus Yang, Chen & Lan, 2004 

Triplophysa flavicorpus Yang, Chen & Lan, 2004: 113, fig. 3 

(type locality: China: Guangxi: Du'an County: Hongshuihe 

River, a tributary of Xijiang; holotype: KIZ 


10.42.30 Triplophysa furva Zhu, 1992 

Triplophysa furva Zhu, 1992: 242, figs. 3–6 (type locality: 

China: Xinjiang: Urümqi River, near Hongyanchi Reservoir, 

Urümqi City, 43°47'N 87°37'E; holotype: NGI 


10.42.31 Triplophysa fuxianensis Yang & Chu, 1990 

Triplophysa fuxianensis Yang & Chu, 1990b: 377, fig. 2 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Fuxian Lake [24°32'N 

103°55'E]; holotype: KIZ 873126; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.32 Triplophysa gejiuensis (Chu & Chen, 1979) 

Noemacheilus gejiuensis Chu & Chen, 1979: 285, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Gejiu County: Bajianjing near 

Qiafanf [Bajiaojing 4 km from Kafang, 23°16'N 

103°09'E; Romero et al., 2009: 260]; holotype: KIZ 


10.42.33 Triplophysa gerzeensis Cao & Zhu, 1988 

Triplophysa gerzeensis Cao & Zhu, 1988: 202, figs. 4–5 (type 

locality: China: Qinghai–Xizang, stream in Chaco Lake 

drainage near Gerze [32°18'15"N 84°03'30"E], 4370 

masl; holotype: IHB 76IV0200; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.34 Triplophysa gracilis (Day, 1877) 

Nemacheilus gracilis Day, 1877b: 798 (type locality: India: 

Ladakh: Basgo, on headwaters of Indus River [34°13'N 

77°17'E; downstream of Leh]; syntypes: ZSI 1469, 

BMNH 1889.2.1.1726 [1], NMW 48413 [1], Whitehead 

& Talwar, 1976: 157; also in Day, 1878b: 16, pl. 4 fig. 5; 


? Nemachilus deTerrai Hora, 1936: 311, figs. 4–5, pl. 12

10.42.37 Triplophysa gundriseri, CMK 19548, 96.4 mm SL; Mongolia: 

Lake Uvs basin. 

fig. 5–6 (type locality: India: Kashmir: Ladakh: Man 

Lagoon; syntypes [9]: ZSI F 12200/1 [6], Menon & 

Yazdani, 1968: 122; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

? Triplophysa trewavasae Mirza & Ahmad, 1990: 317, fig. 1 

(type locality: Pakistan: Northern Area: near rest house 

of Yasin, Yasin Valley [Yasin: 36°22'N 73°20'E]; holotype: 

GCMNH uncat.; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Tentative synonymy, following Prokofiev 

(2010: 895). 

10.42.35 Triplophysa grahami (Regan, 1906) 

Nemachilus grahami Regan, 1906b: 333 (type locality: China: 

Yunnan: Yunnan-Fu [Kunming]; syntypes: BMNH 

1905.10.28.16–17 [2]; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.42.36 Triplophysa griffithii (Günther, 1868) 

Nemachilus griffithii Günther, 1868: 360 (type locality: "Assam 

?" [error, see Hora, 1928: 481; correct locality is: 

Afghanistan: Arghandab, a rapid and considerable sized 

tributary of Helmand River, running within two or three 

miles of Kandahar]; syntypes: BMNH 1860.3.19.93–94 

[2], lost ?, Kullander et al., 1999: 142; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Noemacheilus naziri Ahmad & Mirza, 1963: 76, figs. 1–2 

(type locality: Pakistan: Swat State: Madyan stream near 

Madyan [35°08'25"N 72°32'14"E]; syntypes [9]: ISBB 

1234 [3], Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966a: 159; noun in 


Nemacheilus griffithi hazaraensis Omer & Mirza, 1975: 203, 

figs. 1–2 (type locality: Pakistan: Hazara District [now 

Abbottabad]: Ilyasi Masjid springs [34°10'16"N 

73°15'30"E; in Nawanshehr]; holotype: GCMNH F 12; 


Taxonomic notes. Günther (1868: 360) indicated the type 

locality of T. griffithii as "Assam ?". Hora (1928: 481) showed 

that this is not correct and that the type locality is near Kandahar, 

Afghanistan. 

10.42.37 Triplophysa gundriseri Prokofiev, 2002 

Nemacheilus dorsalis humilis Gundriser, 1962: 253, fig. 4 

(type locality: Russia: Tuva Republic: Tes-Khem River, 

25 km northwest of Erzin, 50°27'N 95°01'E [original type 

locality: Russia: Tuva: Erzin and Tes-Khem Rivers]; neotype: 

ZISP 52053, designated by Prokofiev, 2002a: S49, 

fig. 4a; junior primary homonym of Nemachilus humilis 

Lin, 1932c: 515; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Triplophysa gundriseri Prokofiev, 2002a: S47 (replacement 

name for Nemacheilus dorsalis humilis Gundriser, 1962: 


Triplophysa gundriseri chandagaitensis Prokofiev, 2002a: 

S55, fig. 4a (type locality: Russia: Tuva Republic: Chan- 


126 

dagaity River in Chandagaity village, 50°44'N 92°08'E; 

holotype: ZISP 52199; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.38 Triplophysa hexiensis (Zhao & Wang, 1988) 

Nemachilus dorsonotatus hexiensis Zhao & Wang, 1988: 

113, fig. 2 (type locality: China: Gansu: Hexi area, Ruoshui 

and Shiyang He rivers [Ruo Shui: Edsin, Ejin, Ejina 

He, Eiin, Hei-He; a river flowing north to endorheic 

Gaxun Nuur (Juyan Lake), 42°25'20"N 100°40'07"E; 

Shiyang He: an endorheic river disappearing in Gobi 

desert about 39°00'N 103°35'E]; syntypes [28]: DBLU 

77-0940 [?], 0946, 0953, 0955, 80-0344, 0357, 0362, 

0373, 0375, 0383, 0386, 0390, 0394, 0406, 0420, 0435, 

0461, 0468, 0563, 0803, 1192–1195, 1197, 1198, 1135 

[27]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

? Triplophysa rossoperegrinatorum Prokofiev, 2001a: 200, 

fig. 19 [not fig. 13] (type locality: China: Gansu: mountains 

north of Xining & Lanzhou; holotype: ZISP 3719; 


Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Prokofiev (2010: 895). 

10.42.39 Triplophysa heyangensis Zhu, 1992 

Triplophysa heyangensis Zhu, 1992: 244, figs. 7–10 (type 

locality: China: Shaanxi: Heyangxian County: Hanshutaucun 

village, 35°11'N 110°05'E, Huang He drainage; 

holotype: NGI 820027; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.40 Triplophysa hialmari Prokofiev, 2001 

Triplophysa hialmari Prokofiev, 2001a: 198, fig. 1 [not 7] 

(type locality: China: Qinghai: Ba-tshu River (? Ba Qu), 

a tributary of Blue River (Changjiang [Yangtze]) (near 

Yushu, 33°N 92°E) [Yushu town, Gyêgu Prefecture, 

33°00'11"N 97°00'36"E]; holotype: ZISP 26245; noun 


Taxonomic notes. See discussion of type locality under 

T. aquaecaeruleae. 

10.42.41 Triplophysa hsutschouensis (Rendahl, 1933) 

Nemacheilus hsutschouensis Rendahl, 1933: 41 (type locality: 

China: Nei Mongol: Hsutschou, in a stream flowing 

to Etsin Gol [Edsin, Ejin, Ejina He, Eiin, Hei-He, Ruo- 

Shui; a river flowing north to endorheic Gaxun Nuur (Juyan 

Lake), 42°25'20"N 100°40'07"E]; syntypes: NRM 

10206 [1], 12339 [7]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.42 Triplophysa huanglongensis Gao, in Anonym, 

1992 

Triplophysa huanglongensis Gao, in Anonym, 1992: 83, fig. 

3-87 (type locality: China: Shaanxi: Huang Long County: 

Baima village, upper reaches of Ju He; holotype: Fisheries 

Institute of Shaanxi Province, Xian; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

10.42.43 Triplophysa huanjiangensis Yang, Wu & Lan, 

2011 

Triplophysa huanjiangensis Yang, Wu & Lan, 2011: 567, 

figs. 1, 3 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Huanjiang County 

[Nandan County on p. 569]: Chuanshan Town, cave in 

Leyi village (25°06'02.6"N 108°00'01"E); holotype: GIF 

07040316; spelt huangjiangensis p. 566, an obvious er-

or of inadvertence, thus incorrect original spelling [Code 


10.42.44 Triplophysa huapingensis Zheng, Yang & Chen, 

2012 

Triplophysa huapingensis Zheng, Yang & Chen, 2012a: 832, 

fig. 1 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Leye County: Huaping 

town, Hongshuihe River, a tributary of Xijiang; holotype: 


10.42.45 Triplophysa hutjertjuensis (Rendahl, 1933) 

Nemacheilus hutjertjuensis Rendahl, 1933: 28 (type locality: 

China: Nei Mongol: stream close to Hutjentju Göl; 

syntypes [12]: NRM 10202 [10], MNHN 1933.118 [1], 

Bertin & Estève, 1948: 98; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.46 Triplophysa intermedia (Kessler, 1876) 

Diplophysa intermedia Kessler, 1876: 28, pl. 3 fig. 4 [not 3] 

(type locality: China: Nei Mongol: Lake Dalaï-Nor [43° 

18'N 116°40'E; not Hu-Lun Lake, which is another Dalai 

Nur]; holotype: ZISP 2476; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.42.47 Triplophysa jianchuanensis Zheng, Du, Chen & 

Yang, 2010 

Triplophysa jianchuanensis Zheng, Du, Chen & Yang, 2010: 

22, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Lancangjiang 

drainage [Mekong]: Dali Prefecture: Jianchuan County: 

Jiangkou spring, 26°31'22.6"N 99°57'30.4"E; holotype: 


10.42.48 Triplophysa jiarongensis Lin, Li & Song, 2012 

Triplophysa jiarongensis Lin, Li & Song, 2012: 640, figs. 2– 

4 (type locality: China: Guizhou: Libo County: Jiarong 

Town, Shuijingwan Cave, 616 masl, 25°28'N 108° 06'E; 

holotype: SOU 10111801; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.49 Triplophysa kafirnigani (Turdakov, 1947) 

Nemachilus dorsalis kafirnigani Turdakov, 1947a: 58 (type 

locality: Tajikistan: Kafirnigan River near Stalinabad 

[Dushanbe], Amu Darya drainage; syntypes [16]: ZMMU 

P-3647 [1], P-3651 [3], Vasilieva et al., in Pavlinov & 

Borissenko, 2001: 28; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.42.50 Triplophysa kullmanni Banarescu & Nalbant, 

in Ladiges, 1975 

Triplophysa kullmanni Bănărescu & Nalbant, in Ladiges, 

1975: 40 (type locality: Central Afghanistan: Ab-e-Nawar 

[Dasht-e-Nawar, a lake west of Ghazni; 33°31'43"N 

67°48'06"E]; holotype: ZMH H 4778; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Nomenclatural notes. The original description of this species 

by Bănărescu & Nalbant (1975: 246, pl. 5 fig. 5) appeared 

in November 1975, but a popular account by Ladiges 

based on Bănărescu & Nalbant's manuscript appeared in 

February 1975. As this account includes illustrations and a 

short description, it makes the name available. 

10.42.51 Triplophysa kungessana (Kessler, 1879) 

Diplophysa kungessana Kessler, 1879: 286 (type locality: 

China: Xinjiang: Kungès River [Künes He, tributary of 


127 

Ili River], alt. 4000 ft.; holotype: ZISP 4176; reprinted 

as Kessler, 1880: 238; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.42.52 Triplophysa lacusnigri (Berg, 1931) 

Nemachilus stoliczkai var. lacus-nigri Berg, 1931a: 25, pls. 

3–5 (type locality: Tajikistan: Lake Karakul and Karaart 

River; syntypes [131+]: ZISP 26367 [6+], 26368 [6+], 

26369 [6+], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010, Prokofiev, 

2007b: 10, fig. 4f; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.42.53 Triplophysa lacustris Yang & Chu, 1990 

Triplophysa lacustris Yang & Chu, 1990b: 380, fig. 3 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Xinyun Lake [24°20'N 102° 

46'E], Nanpanjiang drainage; holotype: KIZ 0.1399; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

10.42.54 Triplophysa laterimaculata Li, Liu & Yang, 2007 

Triplophysa laterimaculata Li, Liu & Yang, 2007: 48, fig. 2 

(type locality: China: Xinjiang: Kashigar City [Kashgar]: 

Shufu County [39°21'00"N 75°51'03"E]: Kezile River, a 

tributary of Tarim River [39°N 76°E], Huangdi Town; 

holotype: KIZ 200408220489; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.42.55 Triplophysa laticeps Zhou & Cui, 1997 

Triplophysa laticeps Zhou & Cui, 1997: 179, figs. 2–3 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Lufeng County: Luzhijiang, tributary 

of Yuanjiang River [upper Red River], near Lufeng 

city [25°15'N 102°03'E, 1600 masl]; holotype: KIZ 

914077; compound adjective, indeclinable) 

10.42.56 Triplophysa lingyunensis (Liao & Luo, in Liao, 

Wang & Luo, 1997) 

Schistura lingyunensis Liao & Luo, in Liao, Wang & Luo, 

1997: 4, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Lingyun 

County: cave in Guancang village, 24°25'N 106°30'E; 

holotype: IHB 92vi003; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.57 Triplophysa lixianensis He, Song & Zhang, 2008 

Triplophysa lixianensis He, Song & Zhang, 2008: 43, fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Sichuan: Aba Prefecture: Lixian 

County: upper Yangtze drainage: Zagunao River, a tributary 

on western bank of Min Jiang, at Jiujiapeng village 

(31°33"N 102°52"E), 2450 masl; holotype: SCUM 


10.42.58 Triplophysa longianguis Wu & Wu, 1984 

Triplophysa longianguis Wu & Wu, 1984: 327, figs. 1–5 

(type locality: China: Qinghai: Jigzhi County: Lake Sunm 

Cuo; holotype NPIB 8370294; compound noun, indeclinable) 

10.42.59 Triplophysa longibarbata (Chen, Yang, Sket & 

Aljancic, 1998) 

Paracobitis longibarbata Chen, Yang, Sket & Aljancic, 1998: 

59, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Guizhou: Libo County: 

cave approx. 13 km northeast of Libo town [25°15'N 



Nemacheilus liboensis Ran, 2000: 329, 332 (nomen nudum) 

Nemacheilus liboensis Chen, 2000: 41 (nomen nudum)

Paracobitis posterodorsalus Li, Ran & Chen, in Ran, Li & 

Chen, 2006: 81, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Guangxi: 

Nandan County: cave at 25°02'N 107°36'E [24°59'N 

107°32'E; Romero et al., 2009: 256]; holotype: HRAS 

041005001; also spelt posterodarsalus p. 80, posterodorsalus 

p. 81; as first reviser I select posterodorsalus 

as the correct original spelling; compound adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

? Paracobitis maolanensis Li, Ran & Chen, 2006: 1, fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Guizhou: Libo County: cave in 

Maolan Karst Forestry Natural Reserve, 25°25'04"N 

107°52'E [25°23'N 108°04'E; Romero et al., 2009: 255]; 

holotype: HRAS 050103001; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Taxonomic notes. Synonymy partly derived from Du et al. 

(2008: 33) and Romero et al. (2009), but Yang, Wu & Lan 

(2011: 570) treat P. posterodorsalus and P. maolanensis as 

valid species of Triplophysa. 

10.42.60 Triplophysa longipectoralis Zheng, Du, Chen & 

Yang, 2009 

Triplophysa longipectoralis Zheng, Du, Chen & Yang, 2009: 

222, figs. 1–2 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Liujiang 

basin: Huanjiang County: cave in Xunle town, Hechi City; 

holotype: KIZ 2001004573; compound noun, indeclinable) 

10.42.61 Triplophysa macrocephala Yang, Wu & Yang, 2012 

Triplophysa macrocephala Yang, Wu & Yang, 2012: 170, 

1–2 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Nandan County: Lihu 

Town: Renguang village, 25°10'15"N 107°43'50"E 

[Xijiang drainage, Pearl River]; holotype: KIZ 


10.42.62 Triplophysa macromaculata Yang, in Chu & 

Chen, 1990 

Triplophysa macromaculata Yang, in Chu & Chen, 1990: 

58, fig. 53 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Jiuxiang of Yiliang 

County, 25°06'N 103°23'E; holotype: KIZ 874021; 


10.42.63 Triplophysa macrophthalma Zhu & Guo, 1985 

Triplophysa macrophthalma Zhu & Guo, 1985: 323, fig. 2 

(type locality: China: Yunnan: Goujie, Yiliang County 

(27°30'N 104°00'E), Nanpanjiang drainage; holotype: 

NGI 810019, He et al., 2008: 48, fig. 5e; compound adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.42.64 Triplophysa markehenensis (Zhu & Wu, 1981) 

Nemachilus pseudoscleropterus markehenensis Zhu & Wu, 

1981: 223, fig. 4 (type locality: China: Qinghai: Jigzhi 

County [33°26'N 101°26'E]: Marke He, Baiyu; holotype: 

NPIB 71005; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.65 Triplophysa marmorata (Heckel, 1838) 

Cobitis marmorata Heckel, 1838: 76, pl. 12 figs. 1–2 (type 

locality: India: Kashmir; syntypes [at least 3]: NHMW 

48561 [3], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; adjective, -us, -a, 

-um) 

Cobitis vittata Heckel, 1838: 80, pl. 12 figs. 3–4 (type locality: 

India: Kashmir; syntypes: NHMW 48451 [3], Esch- 


128 

meyer & Fricke, 2010; simultaneous subjective synonym 

of Cobitis marmorata Heckel, 1838: 76; first reviser 

[Günther, 1868: 356] gave precedence to C. marmorata; 


? Nemachilus griffithii var. afghana Hora, 1935b: 799, fig. 4c 

(type locality: Afghanistan: springs at Car-i-Chashma, 

sources of Kabul River [Sar-i Chashma, Chashma-i Shir, 

Surkh Kotal, 36°02'60"N 68°34'00"'E] [locality of holotype; 

Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 122]; holotype: ZSI F 

11525/1; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Kullander et al. (1999: 

142). 

10.42.66 Triplophysa microphysus (Fang, 1935) 

Nemacheilus microphysus Fang, 1935c: 753, figs. 3–5 (type 

locality: Kazakhstan: Lepsa [46°20'49"N 78°19'55"E], 

Bulenka River, Lake Balkash basin; holotype: ZMB 

10277; compound noun [incorrect Latinization of physa], 

indeclinable) 

10.42.67 Triplophysa microphthalma (Liao & Wang, in 

Liao, Wang & Luo, 1997) 

Schistura dabryi microphthalmus Liao & Wang, in Liao, 

Wang & Luo, 1997: 4, fig. 2 (type locality: China: 

Guizhou: Weng'an County: Laoying Cave, 26°53'N 

107°02'E [Hawk Cave, 26°53'N 107°02'E; Romero et al., 

2009: 258]; holotype: IHB 91x005; secondary junior 

homonym of Diplophysa microphthalma Kessler, 1879: 

308 when both were placed in Triplophysa; never replaced 

and not presently treated as congeneric, therefore 

replacement not needed [Code art. 59.2]; compound adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.42.68 Triplophysa microps (Steindachner, 1866) 

Cobitis microps Steindachner, 1866: 794, pl. 13 figs. 3–3a 

(type locality: India: Ladakh: Rupshu: Leh and Phirse 

stream near Manechan, alt. about 16000 ft.; syntypes [10]: 

NMW 48562 [11 ?], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2010; compound 


10.42.69 Triplophysa moquensis Ding, 1994 

Triplophysa moquensis Ding, 1994: 69, fig. 35 (type locality: 

China: Sichuan: Xia Man Lake; holotype: MSINR 


10.42.70 Triplophysa nandanensis Lan, Yang & Chen, 

1995 

Triplophysa nandanensis Lan, Yang & Chen, 1995: 368, 

fig. 2 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Nandan County: 

outlet of underground river [25°10'N 107°10'E] at Mayang 

village, Liuzhai Town [25°18'N 107°24'E; Romero 

et al., 2009: 261]; holotype: KIZ 9110011; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

10.42.71 Triplophysa nanpanjiangensis (Zhu & Cao, 

1988) 

Oreias dabryi nanpanjiangensis Zhu & Cao, 1988: 98, figs. 

7–8 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Zhanyi County: outlet 

of subterranean waters near Haijiashao; holotype: NGI 

818512; adjective, -is, -is, -e)

10.42.72 Triplophysa nasobarbatula Wang & Li, 2001 

Triplophysa nasobarbatula Wang & Li, 2001: 98, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Guizhou: Libo County: Weng'an town, 

107°54'E 25°14'N; holotype: ZMCZ 840207; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.42.73 Triplophysa ninglangensis Wu & Wu, 1988 

Triplophysa ninglangensis Wu & Wu, 1988a: 19, fig. 3 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Ninglang County [27°17'02"N 

100°51'36"E]: Ninglang River; holotype: NPIB 8609464; 


10.42.74 Triplophysa nujiangensa Chen, Cui & Yang, 

2004 

Triplophysa nujiangensa Chen, Cui & Yang, 2004b: 505, 

fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: about 20 km south 

of Liuku, left bank tributaries of Nujiang River [Salween] 

in north of Shangjiang Xiang, 818 masl; 25°40'59"N 

98°52'27"E; holotype: KIZ 20007496; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

Nomenclatural notes. The name nujiangensa is an incorrect 

Latinization but cannot be corrected (Code art. 32.5.1). 

It should have been nujiangensis. 

10.42.75 Triplophysa obscura Wang, in Chen, Xu, Fang, 

Song & Wang, 1987 

Triplophysa obscura Wang, in Chen, Xu, Fang, Song & 

Wang, 1987: 28, fig. 15 (type locality: China: Gansu: 

upper Bailungjiang (tributary of Jialingjiang) in Diebu 

Xian [Tèwo, 34°00'N 103°33'E]; holotype: SIZX 822270; 


10.42.76 Triplophysa obtusirostra Wu & Wu, 1988 

Triplophysa obtusirostra Wu & Wu, 1988b: 197, figs. 1–5 

(type locality: China: small lake at source of Kar Qu in 

sources of Huanghe River, 38°48'N 96°24'E [erroneous, 

Kar Qu is at 35°02'N 96°50'E]; holotype: NPIB 856031; 

compound noun [incorrect spelling of rostrum], indeclinable) 

10.42.77 Triplophysa orientalis (Herzenstein, 1888) 

Nemachilus kungessanus orientalis Herzenstein, 1888: 44, 

pl. 6 fig. 2 (type locality: China: Qinghai: Zaidam [Qaidam 

basin]; syntypes: ZISP 7271 [more than 6] "and others"; 


Nemachilus kungessanus elongatus Herzenstein, 1888: 44, 

pl. 5 fig. 3 (type locality: China: Qinghai: Qaidam basin: 

Nomochun-gol [Nomhon He River; Nuomuhong County: 

36°25'N 96°27'E]; syntypes: ZISP 7386/1 [2]; simultaneous 

subjective synonym of Nemachilus kungessanus 

orientalis Herzenstein, 1888: 44; first reviser [apparently 

Zhu, 1989: 84] gave precedence to N. k. orientalis; 


10.42.78 Triplophysa papillosolabiata (Kessler, 1879) 

Diplophysa papilloso-labiata Kessler, 1879: 299 (type locality: 

China: Xinjiang: Balgantaigol [Balguntay stream; 

Baiguntay city: 42°45'49"N 86°19'13"E] [localities of 

paralectotypes: Great Juldus [Bol'shoi Yulduz; Tung 

Hung, Hai Tu], Smaller Juldus [Malyi Yulduz] [Yulduz 


129 

10.42.97 Triplophysa siluroides, ZISP 7244, 148 mm SL, syntype; 

China: Qinghai: Huang He River. (From Herzenstein, 1888: 

pl. 7 fig. 1). 

10.42.97 Triplophysa siluroides, ZISP 7244, 148 mm SL. (From 


valley is valley of Khaidyk-gol (43°N 83–86°E)]]; lectotype 

ZISP 4191, designated by Prokofiev, 2003b: 58, 

fig. 11; must be emended as papillosolabiata, Code art. 

32.5.2.3; reprinted as Kessler, 1880: 257; adjective, -us, 

-a, -um) 

Taxonomic notes. Validity follows Prokofiev (2003b). 

10.42.79 Triplophysa pappenheimi (Fang, 1935) 

Nemacheilus pappenheimi Fang, 1935c: 761, figs. 8–9 (type 

locality: China: Qinghai: Si-ning-fu [Xining, 36°37'00"N 

101°46'00"E]; holotype: ZMB 16462; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

10.42.80 Triplophysa paradoxa (Turdakov, 1955) 

Nemacheilus paradoxus Turdakov, 1955: 153 (type locality: 

Kyrgyzstan: Karakol [river running through Issyk Kul 

lake at 2°36'N 78°21'E], in Talas basin / Kyrgyzstan & 

Kazakhstan: Talas River basin; syntypes [25]: ZMMU 

P-8797 [1], Vasilieva et al., in Pavlinov & Borissenko, 

2001: 26; treated as adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.42.81 Triplophysa parva Chen, Li & Yang, 2009 

Triplophysa parvus Chen, Li & Yang, 2009: 86, figs. 2, 3a 

(type locality: China: Yunnan: Yiliang County: Jialonghe 

River, 24°57'N 103°07'E, altitute 1770 m, flowing from 

Yangzonghai Lake to Nanpangjiang; holotype: KIZ 


10.42.82 Triplophysa "pedaschenkoi" (Berg, 1931) 

Diplophysa strauchi ulacholica var. pedaschenkoi Berg, 

1931b: 312, fig. 2 (an infrasubspecific name, not available, 

Code arts. 1.3.4, 45.5; locality: Kyrgyzstan: Lake 

Issyk-kul: Karasu Bay near Karakol harbour, Akterek Bay

and at mouth of Ulachol stream; material: ZISP) 

Nomenclatural notes. Because it is infrasubspecific, the 

name D. s. u. var. pedaschenkoi is excluded from zoological 

nomenclature (Code arts. 1.3.4, 45.5) and is not available 

from Berg (1931b). If the name has been used later as the 

valid name of a species or subspecies, then it is available 

from that next usage (Code art. 45.5.1). I found only one 

usage of the name as a valid species, by Prokofiev (2006b: 

257), but there might be earlier uses. To be available from a 

next usage as a species-group name, Code art. 45.5.1 requires 

that it satisfies arts. 11–18. Article 16 requires that 

for names published after 1999 to be available, the author 

must explicitly indicate it is intentionally new. This was not 

the case in Prokofiev (2006b). If there were an earlier use 

before 2000, it does not need to be indicated and the name is 

automatically made available. 

10.42.83 Triplophysa polyfasciata Ding, in Ding, Fang & 

Fang, 1996 

Triplophysa polyfasciata Ding, in Ding, Fang & Fang, 1996: 

11, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Sichuan: Wenchuan County 

(31°N 103°E): Sanjiang village, in a tributary of upper 

Minjian River; holotype: MSINR 910093; also spelt 

polpyfasciata p. 11, an obvious inadvertent error, thus 

incorrect original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1]; adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

10.42.84 Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera (Zhu & Wu, 

1981) 

Nemachilus pseudoscleropterus Zhu & Wu, 1981: 221, figs. 

1–3 (type locality: China: Qinghai: a tributary of Golmud 

He River, in Qaidam Pendi [Qaidam depression; 

Golmud town: 36°24'N 94°55'E]; holotype: NPIB 75066; 


10.42.85 Triplophysa qiubeiensis Li & Yang, in Li, Yang, 

Chen, Tao, Qi & Han, 2008 

Triplophysa qiubeiensis Li & Yang, in Li, Yang, Chen, Tao, Qi 

& Han, 2008: 674, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: 

Qiubei County (24°05'N 104°01'E): cave near Nijiao village; 

holotype: KIZ 20060409001; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.86 ? Triplophysa retropinnis (Herzenstein, 1888) 

Nemachilus dorsonotatus retropinnis Herzenstein, 1888: 33, 

pl. 3 fig. 5a–b (type locality: China: Qinghai: Chami 

[Hami, Xinjiang; 42°48'00"N 93°27'00"E]; syntypes: 

ZISP 4206 [2] [ZISP 7208, according to Prokofiev, 

2007b: 4]; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Nemachilus dorsonotatus plagiognathus Herzenstein, 1888: 

33, pl. 5 fig. 5, pl. 7 fig. 2 (type locality: China: Qinghai: 

Lake Kuku-nor [Qinghai Hu] / Eastern Zaidam [Tsaidam; 

Qinghai: Qaidam basin] / spring at Galmyk / Ganssu 

/ Dabsun-gobi [apparently Caka Yanhu 36°42'00"N 

99°06'00"E, Dalai Dabassu on map in Przewal'skii, 

1876] / Chami [Hami, Xinjiang; 42°48'00"N 93°27' 

00"E] / Lake Alak-nor [Alag Hu] / Chuan-che River near 

Gomi [Huang He near Balekhun Gomi, approx. 30°10'N 

100°45'E; now flooded in Longyangxia Reservoir]; syntypes: 

ZISP 7252 [1], 7306 [2], 7312 [5], 7315 [2], 7319 

[more than 6], 7371 [1], 7853 [2], 7854 [1], 7855 [1]; 


130 

simultaneous subjective synonym of Nemachilus dorsonotatus 

retropinnis Herzenstein, 1888: 33; first reviser 

[apparently Prokofiev, 2007b: 9] gave precedence to 

N. d. retropinnis; compound adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

? Nemacheilus Bertini Fang, 1941: 253 (type locality: China: 

"high valleys of Mongolia" [apparently China: Hebei: 

Chongli County: Siwantse [Xiwanzi], 40°58'25"N 

115°16'22"E]; holotype: MNHN 3800, Bertin & Estève, 

1948: 97, fig. 1; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Nemachilus carassus Nikolski, in Prokofiev, 2007b: 4 (unpublished 

name on a label, not available; based on ZISP 

12576; locality: China: Qinghai: Lake Alyk Nor [Alag 

Hu, 35°34'N 97°06'E], southern slope of Burkhan Buddha 

Range [erroneously identified as a lake in Mongolia 

by Kottelat, 2006: 55; but see map in Kozlov, 1902a]) 

Taxonomic notes. Treated as subspecies of T. stolickai by 

Prokofiev (2007b: 4), which geography suggests should be 

re-examined. The types of N. bertini were collected by 

A. David, apparently together with the holotype of Barbatula 

nuda, west of Beijing (see discussion under that species) 

and I doubt it is conspecific with T. retropinnis. 

10.42.87 Triplophysa robusta (Kessler, 1876) 

Nemachilus robustus Kessler, 1876: 32 (type locality: China: 

Gansu; holotype: ZISP 2486, Eschmeyer & Fricke, 


10.42.88 Triplophysa rosa Chen & Yang, 2005 

Triplophysa rosa Chen & Yang, 2005: 601, fig. 2 (type locality: 

China: Chongqing City: Wulong County: Dongba 

Cave [entrance 29°13'40.44"N 107°55'16.46"E], Wu 

Jiang drainage, Tianxing Town, Jiangkou Town; holotype: 

KIZ 200211001; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

Linemacheilus wulong Anonym, 2005: 67 (nomen nudum) 

Heminoemacheilus wulongensis Wu, He, Zhen & Li, 2007: 

90 (nomen nudum) 

10.42.89 Triplophysa scapanognatha Prokofiev, 2007 

Triplophysa scapanognatha Prokofiev, 2007b: 9, fig. 4a (type 

locality: China: Qinghai: Quaidam [Qaidam]: Datzan 

Sume, near Donkyr [Donkür, Huangyuan, 36°41'N 

101°16'E; Huang He drainage]; holotype: ZISP 12495; 


10.42.90 Triplophysa scleroptera (Herzenstein, 1888) 

Nemachilus scleropterus Herzenstein, 1888: 54, pl. 6 fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Qinghai: Chuan-Che River near 

Gomi [Huang He near Balekhun Gomi, approx. 30°10'N 

100°45'E; now flooded in Longyangxia Reservoir]; lectotype: 

ZISP 7231, designated by Prokofiev, 2003b: 61, 

fig. 20; compound adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.42.91 Triplophysa sellaefer (Nichols, 1925) 

Barbatula yarkandensis sellaefer Nichols, 1925b: 4 (type 

locality: China: Shansi: Chin Ssu, Taiyuanfu [Qingxu, 

37°36'N 112°21'E]; holotype: AMNH 8411; noun in apposition, 

indeclinable, Code art. 31.2.2) 

10.42.92 Triplophysa sewerzowi (Nikolski, 1938) 

Nemachilus sewerzowi Nikolski, 1938: 319, figs. 1–3 (type

locality: Kazakhstan: Alma-Atinskaya oblast: Kaskelen 

River, 2 km before it enters Ili River; holotype: ZMMU 

P-3638; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.42.93 Triplophysa shaanxiensis Chen, in Chen, Xu, 

Fang, Song & Wang, 1987 

Triplophysa shaanxiensis Chen, in Chen, Xu, Fang, Song & 

Wang, 1987: 21, fig. 8 (type locality: China: Shaanxi: 

Tongchuan Xian; holotype: SIZX 801811; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

10.42.94 Triplophysa shehensis Menon, 1987 

Triplophysa shehensis Menon, 1987: 212, pl. 16 fig. 9 (type 

locality: India: Kashmir: Ladakh: Sheh, irrigation canal, 

nearly 12 km east of Leh; holotype: ZSI/NRS uncat.; 


Noemacheilus shehensis Tilak, 1990: 138, figs. 2–3 (type 

locality: India: Kashmir: Ladakh: irrigation canal at Sheh, 

nearly 12 km east of Leh; holotype: ZSI/NRS 1208; junior 

secondary homonym of Triplophysa shehensis Menon, 

1987: 212; paper dated 1990 but possibly not published 

until 1997; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

Nomenclatural notes. Menon (1987) described this species 

and indicated the author as Tilak, then in press. Tilak's paper 

only appeared in 1990 (date on the cover, actual publication 

possibly much later, the paper is first listed in Zoological 

Record for 1997). The description in Menon is based on a 

single of Tilak's specimens and is not extracted from Tilak's 

text. Thus Menon is author of the name and the single specimen 

he examined is the holotype. The locality data listed 

by Menon is only "irrigation canal, Sheh" but as all of Tilak's 

(1997) specimens are from a single locality, it can be 

completed as above. Tilak's N. shehensis, being based on a 

separate description, without reference to Menon's description, 

is a distinct nominal species and a junior secondary 

homonym of T. shehensis when transferred to Triplophysa. 

It is not known whether the holotype of the two nominal 

species is the same specimen or not, which would make them 

objective synonyms. 

10.42.95 Triplophysa shilinensis Chen & Yang, in Chen, 

Yang & Xu, 1992 

Triplophysa shilinensis Chen & Yang, in Chen, Yang & Xu, 

1992: 17, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Lunan 

County: cave at Weiboyi village near Shi Lin Stone Forest 

[24°47'N 103°22'E; Romero et al., 2009: 263]; holotype: 


10.42.96 Triplophysa shiyangensis (Zhao & Wang, 1983) 

Nemachilus shiyangensis Zhao & Wang, 1983: 97, fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Gansu: Leitai He stream near Wuwei 

[37°55'N 102°38'E], Shiyang He River system, "Huang 

He drainage" [in fact, Shiyang is an endorheic river 

ending in Gobi desert about 39°00'N 103°35'E]; holotype: 

DBLU 770582; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.97 Triplophysa siluroides (Herzenstein, 1888) 

Nemachilus siluroides Herzenstein, 1888: 62, pl. 7 fig. 1, 

pl. 8 fig. 10 (type locality: China: Qinghai: Chuan-che 

River near Gomi [Huang He River near Balekhun Gomi, 


131 

approx. 30°10'N 100°45'E; now flooded in Longyangxia 

Reservoir]; syntypes: ZISP 7243 [1], 7244 [1], 7851 [1]) 

10.42.98 Triplophysa stenura (Herzenstein, 1888) 

Nemachilus stenurus Herzenstein, 1888: 64, pl. 1 fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Tibet: Dy-Tschu [Tongtian He, in upper 

Yangtze basin; He et al., 2008: 48]; lectotype ZISP 7355, 

designated by Prokofiev, 2009a: 699; compound adjective, 

-us, -a, -um) 

? Nemachilus lhasae Regan, 1905b: 301 (type locality: Tibet: 

Lhasa; holotype: BMNH 1905.2.8.16; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Triplophysa stenura is presently reported 

from the upper Yangtze, Mekong, Salween and Brahmaputra 

drainages, which suggests that several species are confused 

under this name. 

10.42.99 Triplophysa stewarti (Hora, 1922) 

Diplophysa stewarti Hora, 1922: 70, fig. 2c–d (type locality: 

China: Xizang: Rham-tso [Hram Tso, Bam Tso; 

28°08'52"N 89°20'02"E]; holotype: ZSI F 2894/1; noun 


Nemachilus panguri Hora, 1936: 318, figs. 8–9, pl. 12 figs. 

3–4 (type locality: India: Jammu & Kashmir: Ladakh: 

Pangur Tso [Spanggur Tso, 33°32'N 78°55'E] / China: 

Xizang: Tso Nyak [apparently at 33°29'28"N 80°18'11"E] 

[both in Pangong Tso endorheic basin]; syntypes ["several"]: 

ZSI F 12204/1 [2], Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 123; 


Nemachilus longianalis Ren & Wu, 1982: 82, fig. 2 (type 

locality: China: Northern Xizang: Nam Cuo Lake [? Nam 

Co, Nam Tso, 30°42'N 90°33'E]; holotype: HFRI 80- 


Nemachilus longianalis tangtianhensis Wu & Wu, 1988a: 

21, fig. 4 (type locality: China: Qinghai: mouth of Dangqu, 

upper reaches of Tangtianhe River; holotype: NPIB 


10.42.100 Triplophysa stolickai (Steindachner, 1866) 

Cobitis Stoličkai Steindachner, 1866: 793, pl. 14 fig. 2 (type 

locality: India: Ladakh: Rupshu: rivulets in vicinity of 

Lake Tsumureri [Tso Morari] [contra Eschmeyer & 

Fricke, 2010, "Umgebung" is not the name of a river but 

the German word meaning vicinity]; syntypes [12]: NMW 

48436 [5], 48439 [1], 50477 [4], Eschmeyer & Fricke, 

2010; the č in original spelling must be emended in c, 

Code art. 32.5.2.1; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Prokofiev (2007b: 4) recognised T. stolickai 

with a number of subspecies. I do not recognise these 

subspecies because the Evolutionary Species Concept used 

here does not accomodate subspecies, and because these 'subspecies' 

are diagnosable lineages occupying very distinct and 

isolated areas and fulfill the criteria to be recognised as species. 

See T. cakaensis, T. dorsonotata, T. hexiensis, T. obtusirostra, 

T. retropinnis and T. uranoscopus. 

10.42.101 Triplophysa strauchii (Kessler, 1874) 

Diplophysa Strauchii Kessler, 1874: 58, pl. 8 fig. 40 (type 

locality: Kazakhstan: Ili River, tributary of Lake Balkash / 

Ich-Balya River; syntypes: ZISP 2328 [2], 2329 [1],

10.42.98 Triplophysa stenura, CMK 13062, 60.8 mm SL; China: 

Sichuan: Yangtze drainage: Yalong. 

Herzenstein, 1888: 51; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

? Nemachilus strauchi transiens Herzenstein, 1888: 50 (type 

locality: China: Xinjiang: Tschertschen-darja [Charchan-Darya, 

Qarqan He; Qarqan town or Qiemo County: 

38°08'09"N 85°31'48"E] [Qarqan He, sometimes enters 

Lop Nor from SW]; syntypes: ZISP 7349 [5]; participle, 

indeclinable) 

? Nemachilus strauchi zaisanicus Menshikov, 1937: 441 

(type locality: Kazakhstan: Tarbagatai District: Karasu 

River at Akdzhar, basin of Zaisan Lake, 40 km south of 

Lake Zaisan, between "47 and 48°N 53–54°E" [Aksuat, 

47°45'30"N 82°48'20"E; river maybe is Kargyba]; syntypes 

[27]: ZISP 26863 [18]; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

? Nemachilus ruzskyi Nekrashevich, 1948: 121 (type locality: 

Kazakhstan: Lake Alakol [46°10'N 81°35'E; endorheic 

basin East of Lake Balkash]; types: LU; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

? N[emacheilus] (Deuterophysa) strauchi jimbeyi Mitrofanov, 

2002: 125 (not available: no fixation of a holotype 

or syntypes, Code art. 16.4.1, no intention to establish 

a new taxon, Code art. 16.1; locality: Uzbekistan and 

Kyrgyzstan: Naryn River [40°54'N 71°45'E for confluence 

with Kara Darya; Karyn town: 41°26'N 76°00'E]; 


Taxonomic notes. Geography suggests that multiple species 

are confused under T. strauchii. Mitrofanov (2002: 125) 

considered N. s. zaisanicus and N. ruzskyi as synonyms of 

T. strauchii. 

10.42.102 Triplophysa tanggulaensis (Zhu, 1982) 

Nemachilus tanggulaensis Zhu, 1982b: 223, figs. 1–4 (type 

locality: China: Qinghai: hot spring of Wenquan [33° 

14'02"N 91°51'06"E], between Yanshiping [33°35'51" 

92°04'07"E] and Tanggula Shankou [pass, 32°53'07"N 

91°55'04"]; Tanggula town 34°13'00"N 92°26'30"E]; 

holotype: NPIB 75061; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.103 Triplophysa tianeensis Chen, Cui & Yang, 2004 

Triplophysa tianeensis Chen, Cui & Yang, 2004a: 228, fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Guangxi: Tian'e County: Bala town: 

Hongshuihe underground river [24°58'N 107°02'E; 

Romero et al., 2009: 264]; holotype: KIZ 200301003; 


10.42.104 Triplophysa tibetana (Regan, 1905) 

Nemachilus tibetanus Regan, 1905a: 187 (type locality: 

China: Tibet: Lhasa; holotype: BMNH 1904.12.28.86; 


10.42.105 Triplophysa turpanensis Wu & Wu, 1992 

Triplophysa turpanensis Wu & Wu, 1992: 175, fig. 35 (type 


132 

10.43.1 Troglocobitis starostini, ZISP 46159, 49.5 mm SL, holotype; 

Turkmenistan: Lebap Province: cave near Garlyk. (Photograph 

by Zakhar Zhidkov). 

locality: China: Xinjiang: Turpan City [42°59'N 89°11'E]; 

holotype: NPIB 8706076; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.106 Triplophysa ulacholica (Anikin, 1905) 

Nemachilus ulacholicus Anikin, 1905: 3, 18 [of reprint] (type 

locality: Kyrgyzstan: Lake Issyk-kul at mouth of Ulakhol 

River; syntypes [4]: LU, Vasil'eva, pers. comm., Eschmeyer 


Nemacheilus strauchi dorsaloides Turdakov, 1947b: 155 

(type locality: Kyrgyzstan: Tyupsky Bay of Lake Issykkul; 

syntypes [28]: LU) 

Nemachilus strauchi reuniens Turdakov, 1952: 57 (type 

locality: Kyrgyzstan: Irisu River, tributary of Karkara 

River [tributary of Charyn River, Lake Balkash basin]; 

syntypes [10]: LU; participle, indeclinable) 

10.42.107 Triplophysa uranoscopus (Kessler, 1872) 

Cobitis uranoscopus Kessler, 1872: 66, pl. 11 figs. 32–33 

(type locality: Tajikistan: Khodjaduk [Khodzhauk, Upper 

Amu Darya; Zeravshan, Berg, 1949: 862; apparently 

includes syntypes from Lake Iskanderkul, 39°04'30"N 

68°22'00"E]; syntypes [16]: ZISP 10931, ZMMU P2248, 

P2262, Svetovidova, 1978: 259, 262, Vasilieva et al., in 

Pavlinov & Borissenko, 2001: 28; compound noun, indeclinable) 

Nemachilus fedtschenkoae Nikolski, 1903: 93 (type locality: 

Transcaspia: Murgab River [Tajikistan: Murgab River, 

upper reaches of Amu-Darya drainage]; holotype: ZISP 


10.42.108 Triplophysa venusta Zhu & Cao, 1988 

Triplophysa venusta Zhu & Cao, 1988: 96, figs. 3–6 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Lijiang County: Heilongtan pond 

near Lijiang [26°53'N 100°14'E]; holotype: IHB 

60IV0303; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.42.109 Triplophysa waisihani Cao & Zhang, 2008 

Triplophysa waisihani Cao & Zhang, 2008: 35, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Xinjiang: Yining County [Gulja; 43°55'N 

81°19E]: Kax River, a tributary of Ili River drainage at 

Dunmaza Town, "43°82'E 81°53'E, 1143 masl" [Dongmazar, 

Ma-char-erh, 43°49'20"N 81°52'10"E]; holotype: 

IHB 890064; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.42.110 Triplophysa wuweiensis (Li & Chang, 1974) 

Nemachilus wuweiensis Li & Chang, 1974: 415, fig. 2 (type 

locality: China: Gansu: Wuwei County [37°55'N 

102°38'E]; holotype: ASIZB G65-243; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e)

10.44.1 Tuberoschistura baenzigeri, CMK 5144, 41.9 and 41.6 

mm SL; Thailand: Sai Buri. 

10.42.111 Triplophysa xiangshuingensis Li, 2004 

Triplophysa xiangshuingensis Li, 2004: 93, fig. 1 (type locality: 

China: Yunnan: Shilin County: underground river in 

Xiangshuig [24°52'N 103°21'E; Romero et al., 2009: 

264]; holotype: HRAS 200001128001; also spelt Xiang 

shuiqingensis on p. 96, an obvious inadvertent error, thus 

incorrect original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1]; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

10.42.112 Triplophysa xiangxiensis (Yang, Yuan & Liao, 

1986) 

Noemacheilus xiangxiensis Yang, Yuan & Liao, 1986: 219, 

fig. 1 (type locality: China: Hunan: Xianxi Prefecture: 

Longshan County: Huoyan Town: tributary of Yuan River 

[Feihu Cave, 27°27'N 109°26'E; Romero et al., 2009: 

265]; holotype: HACW 8401; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.113 Triplophysa xichangensis Zhu & Cao, in Zhu, 

1989 

Triplophysa xichangensis Zhu & Cao, in Zhu, 1989: 79, fig. 

53 (type locality: China: Sichuan: Xichangxian County 

[27°53'57"N 102°16'12"E]: Anninghe River; holotype: 

NGI or IHB 65V0714; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.42.114 Triplophysa xingshanensis (Yang & Xie, 1983) 

Nemachilus xingshanensis Yang & Xie, 1983: 314, fig. 1 

(type locality: China: Hubei: Xingshan County [31°21'N 

110°45'E]: Xiangqi River, a tributary of upper Changjiang 

River [Yangtze]; holotype: HACW 81.8.09; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

10.42.115 Triplophysa xiqiensis Ding & Lai, 1996 

Triplophysa xiqiensis Ding & Lai, 1996: 374, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Sichuan: Zhaojuexian County: Sikai village, 

27°55'N 102°45'E; holotype: MSINR 930013; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

10.42.116 Triplophysa yaopeizhii Xu, Zhang & Cai, in 

Zhang, Cai & Xu, 1995 

Triplophysa yaopeizhii Xu, Zhang & Cai, in Zhang, Cai & 

Xu, 1995: 57, fig. 11-1 (type locality: China: Xizang: 

Jiangda, Mangkang and Gongjue Counties (30.9–31.5°N 

80.0–98.2°E), in Jinshajiang drainage [upper Yangtze] 

[see also map, fig. 11–2] [Jomda County: 31°29'58"N 

98°13'06"E; Markham, Markam: 29°41'40"N 98°35' 


133 

10.45.2 Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi, CMK 22390, 57.8 mm SL; 

Turkey: Tigris drainage. 

44"E; Gongjo County: 30°5135"N 98°16'15"E]; syntypes 

[34]: probably includes material listed by Xu & Zhang 

(1996): ASIZB 92801262, 0696, 0778, 0877, 1258, 1316, 

0920 [7], IZSX 928-0694, 0885, 0856, 0734, 0715, 0876, 

0733, 0744, 0757, 0853, 0722, 0831, 1373, 1434, 1430, 

1444, 1427, 1465, 1315, 0949, 1317 [22]; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Nomenclatural notes. The name Triplophysa yaopeizhii first 

appeared in Zhang et al. (1995: 57) who neither explicitly 

listed it as a new name nor gave any bibliographic reference 

to another description. Another description appeared in Xu 

& Zhang (1996: 377), but it is not valid because it appeared 

later. The material listed in the 1995 description are syntypes 

and the material listed in the 1996 paper as holotype 

and paratypes (apparently from a different locality) have no 

type status. 

10.42.117 Triplophysa yunnanensis Yang, 1990 

Triplophysa yunnanensis Yang, in Chu & Chen, 1990: 56, 

fig. 51 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Yiliang County: 

Jiuxiang, 25°06'N 103°23'E; holotype: KIZ 874200; adjective, 

-is, -is, -e) 

10.42.118 Triplophysa zhaoi Prokofiev, 2006 

Nemachilus turfanensis Herzenstein, 1899: 414 (nomen nudum; 

locality: China: Xinjiang: Turpan depression: Lemdjin, 

Lükqün) 

Triplophysa zhaoi Prokofiev, 2006b: 244, figs. 40–42 (type 

locality: China: Xinjiang: swampy creeks of Lukchun 

oasis [Lükqün, 42°43'50"N 89°42'02"E], Turfan depression 

[Turpan]; holotype: ZISP 10548; noun in genitive, 

indeclinable) 

Nomenclatural notes. Nemacheilus turfanensis is mentioned 

in a list of fishes collected by the expedition of 

Grumm-Grzhimaylo (1896, 1899), prepaired by Herzenstein 

before his death. The description was never completed or 

published. 

10.42.119 Triplophysa zhenfengensis Wang & Li, 2001 

Triplophysa zhenfengensis Wang & Li, 2001: 99, fig. 2 (type 

locality: China: Guizhou: Zhenfeng County: Longchang 

town, 25°32'N 105°12'E [25°27'47"N 105°29'50"E]; 

holotype: ZMCZ 9050268; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.43 Troglocobitis Parin, 1983 

Troglocobitis Parin, 1983: 83 (subgenus of Nemacheilus, 

Bleeker, 1863a: 37; type species: Nemacheilus starostini 

Parin, 1983: 83, by original designation). Gender feminine. 

Taxonomic notes. Related or possibly a synonym of Para-

cobitis, from which it differs by the loss of the bony capsule 

of the gas bladder (see Prokofiev, 2009b: 889). The loss of 

structures alone is not a reliable criterion to recognised cave 

fishes as distinct genera. Identical losses may occur in parallel 

in many cave species. 

10.43.1 Troglocobitis starostini (Parin, 1983) 

Noemacheilus starostini Parin, 1983: 83, fig. (type locality: 

Turkmenistan: Lebap Province: Chardzhouskaya oblast: 

unnamed karst depresion [maybe 37°37'06"N 

66°21'09"E] at foothills of Kugitangtau Range [Köýtendag] 

east of Karlyuk village [Garlyk, 37°35'25"N 

66°20'35"E] [Vasilieva et al., in Pavlinov & Borissenko, 

2001: 29]; holotype: ZISP 46159; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.44 Tuberoschistura Kottelat, 1990 

Tuberoschistura Kottelat, 1990a: 232 (type species: Nemacheilus 

baenzigeri Kottelat, 1983: 151, by original designation). 


10.44.1 Tuberoschistura baenzigeri (Kottelat, 1983) 

Noemacheilus baenzigeri Kottelat, 1983: 151, figs. 1–2 (type 

locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Mae Nam Taeng 

at Mae Taeng, Chao Phraya drainage, 19°07'N 98°56'E; 

holotype: MHNG 2081.32; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

10.44.2 Tuberoschistura cambodgiensis Kottelat, 1990 

Tuberoschistura cambodgiensis Kottelat, 1990a: 237, fig. 

178 (type locality: Cambodia: Stung Chihreng, a northern 

tributary of Grand Lac, at "Pont Khmer" on road from 

Siem Reap to Kompong Thom, Mekong drainage; holotype: 

MNHN 1988.99; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.45 Turcinoemacheilus Banarescu & Nalbant, 1964 

Turcinoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1964: 178 (type 

species: Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi Bănărescu & Nalbant, 


10.45.1 Turcinoemacheilus himalaya Conway, Edds, 

Shrestha & Mayden, 2011 

Turcinoemacheilus himalaya Conway, Edds, Shrestha & 

Mayden, 2011: 1748, figs. 1, 2a (type locality: Nepal: 

Bagmati Zone: Sindhupalchok District: Indrawati River 

at Melamchi Township, 27°49'42.5"N 85°34'37.1"E; 

holotype: KU 40558; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

10.45.2 Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi Banarescu & Nalbant, 

1964 

Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1964: 

178, pl. 8 fig. 14 (type locality: Turkey: Hakkari 

[37°34'40"N 43°44'10"E]: Kapodiz Kadun, Tigris drainage; 

holotype: ZMH H 1884, Wilkens, 1977: 159; noun 



134 

10.46 Yunnanilus Nichols, 1925 

Yunnanilus Nichols, 1925b: 1 (subgenus of Nemacheilus 

Bleeker, 1863a: 37; type species: Nemacheilus pleurotaenia 

Regan, 1904: 192, by subsequent designation by 

Norman, 1926: 31). Gender masculine. 

Taxonomic notes. The genus Yunnanilus is very heterogenous. 

Part of the species that had been placed in a Y. nigromaculatus 

group (e.g. by Chen et al., 2012) are now Eonemachilus. 

Other species of that group are still listed under 

Yunnanilus but may belong to Heminoemacheilus or some 

unnamed genus or genera. Yunnanilus brevis and some unnamed 

species from Myanmar are placed in Petruichthys. 

Nomen nudum 

Yunnanilus macroiscalus Li & Duan, 1999: 255 

10.46.1 Yunnanilus altus Kottelat & Chu, 1988 

Yunnanilus altus Kottelat & Chu, 1988a: 72, fig. 6 (type locality: 

China: Yunnan: Zhanyi County: Xiangshuiho at 

Haijiashao, 25°40'N 103°57'E; holotype: KIZ 774630; 


Taxonomic notes. Possibly a species of Heminoemacheilus. 

10.46.2 Yunnanilus analis Yang, in Chu & Chen, 1990 

Yunnanilus analis Yang, in Chu & Chen, 1990: 19, fig. 14 

(type locality: China: Yunnan: Xingyun Lake, 24°17–23'N 

102°45–48'E; holotype: KIZ 01402; treated as noun in 



10.46.3 Yunnanilus bajiangensis Li, 2004 

Yunnanilus bajiangensis Li, 2004: 94, fig. 2 (type locality: 

China: Yunnan: Shilin County: Heilongtan Reservoir, Ba 

Jiang drainage [24°46'N 103°16'E; Romero et al., 2009: 

267]; holotype: HRAS 9504001; spelt bajiangensis (2x) 

and bajingensis (2x); bajiangensis assumed to be correct 

spelling as the name is based on the name of a river 

[jiang]; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.46.4 Yunnanilus beipanjiangensis Li, Mao & Sun, in 

Li, Mao, Sun & Lu, 1994 

Yunnanilus beipanjiangensis Li, Mao & Sun, in Li, Mao, 


Zhangyi County [Zhanyi]: Xintun, 26.02°N 

104.01°E; holotype: FACQR 9107016; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

10.46.5 Yunnanilus caohaiensis Ding, 1992 

Yunnanilus caohaiensis Ding, 1992: 489, fig. 1 (type locality: 

China: Guizhou: Weining County: Caohai Lake, 

26°49'–26°53'N 104°12'–104°18'E; holotype: MSINR 



10.46.6 Yunnanilus chui Yang, 1991 

Yunnanilus chui Yang, 1991: 199, fig. 3 (type locality: China: 

Yunnan: Fuxian Lake at Haikou, 24°29'N 102°56'E; 

holotype: KIZ 893095; noun in genitive, indeclinable) 

Taxonomic notes. Possibly a species of Eonemachilus.

10.46.7 Yunnanilus discoloris Zhou & He, 1989 

Yunnanilus discoloris Zhou & He, 1989: 381, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Chengdong County: White Dragon 

Spring [24°54'N 102°48'E; Romero et al., 2009: 268, 

but real locality is in cement factory at 24°52'36.8"N 

102°51'47.2"E, pers. obs.]; holotype: YU 875001; adjective 

in genitive [not nominative, Code art. 31.2], treated 


10.46.8 Yunnanilus elakatis Cao & Zhu, in Zheng, 1989 

Yunnanilus pleurotaenia elakatis Cao & Zhu, in Zheng, 1989: 

43, fig. 21 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Yiliang County; 

holotype: IHB 64V036; noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

10.46.9 Yunnanilus ganheensis An, Liu & Li, 2009 

Yunnanilus ganheensis An, Liu & Li, 2009: 635, fig. 11 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Xundan County: Ganhe, 25°30'N 

103°40'E [Yangtze drainage]; holotype: HRAS 


10.46.10 Yunnanilus jinxiensis Zhu, Du & Chen, in Zhu, 

Du, Chen & Yang, 2009 

Yunnanilus jinxiensis Zhu, Du & Chen, in Zhu, Du, Chen & 

Yang, 2009: 196, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Guangxi: 

Jingxi County: Ludon village, Pearl River drainage; holotype: 


10.46.11 Yunnanilus longibarbatus Gan, Chen & Yang, 

2007 

Yunnanilus longibarbatus Gan, Chen & Yang, 2007: 322, 

fig. 1 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Du-An County: 

Hongshui River drainage in Gaoling township; holotype: 

KIZ 2003050255; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

10.46.12 Yunnanilus longibulla Yang, in Chu & Chen, 

1990 

Yunnanilus longibulla Yang, in Chu & Chen, 1990: 21, fig. 16 

(type locality: China: Yunnan: Chenghai Lake, 26°27– 

38'N 100°38–41'E; holotype: KIZ 818500; compound 


10.46.13 Yunnanilus macrogaster Kottelat & Chu, 1988 

Yunnanilus macrogaster Kottelat & Chu, 1988a: 81, fig. 17 

(type locality: China: Yunnan: Luoping County: Tatantze 

[Datangzi], 24°52'N 104°18'E; holotype: KIZ 806062; 


10.46.14 Yunnanilus macrositanus Li, in Li, Wu, Xu, Gao, 

Chen, Wu & Wang, 1999 

Yunnanilus macrositanus Li, in Li, Wu, Xu, Gao, Chen, Wu 

& Wang, 1999: 4, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: 

Lunan County: Heilongtan, 24°45'42"N 103°15'29"E; 

holotype: HRAS 6502041; spelt macrositanus pp. 3, 4, 6, 

macroistainus p. 4, macroistanus pp. 5, 6; as first reviser 

I select macrositanus as correct original spelling; etymology 

unknown, treated as noun in apposition, indeclinable) 

? Yunnanilus forkicaudalis Li, in Li, Wu, Xu, Gao, Chen, 

Wu & Wang, 1999: 4, fig. 2 (type locality: China: Yunnan: 

Lunan County: Heilongtan, 24°45'42"N 103°15' 


135 

29"E; holotype: HRAS 6509047; spelt forkicaudalis 

pp. 3, 4, forkeicaudalis p. 5; as first reviser I select forkicaudalis 

as correct original spelling; compound noun, 

indeclinable; apparently a simultaneous subjective synonym 

of Yunnanilus macrositanus Li, in Li, Wu, Xu, Gao, 

Chen, Wu & Wang, 1999: 4; as first reviser I give precedence 

to Y. macrositanus) 

10.46.15 Yunnanilus nanpanjiangensis Li, Mao & Lu, in 

Li, Mao, Sun & Lu, 1994 

Yunnanilus nanpanjiangensis Li, Mao & Lu, in Li, Mao, 


Luoping County: Agang town, 25°04'N 104°07'E 

[She'Ao village; 25°05'N 104°08'E; Romero et al., 2009: 

271]; holotype: FACQR 9191119; also spelt nanpanjingensis 

p. 374, an obvious inadvertent error, thus incorrect 

original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1]; adjective, -is, 

-is, -e) 

10.46.16 Yunnanilus niger Kottelat & Chu, 1988 

Yunnanilus niger Kottelat & Chu, 1988a: 73, fig. 8 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Luoping County: Tatantze [Datangzi], 


-er, -ra, -rum) 


10.46.17 Yunnanilus niulanensis Chen, Yang & Yang, 

2012 

Yunnanilus niulanensis Chen, Yang & Yang, 2012: 58, fig. 1 

(type locality: China; Yunnan: Songming County: Yanglinhe 

River, 25°14'34"N 103°03'53.3"E, 1909 masl, 

upper reaches of Niulanjiang River, in Yanglin town, Jinsha 

Jiang drainage [Yangtze]; holotype: KIZ 20060285; 


10.46.18 Yunnanilus obtusirostris Yang, in Yang & Chen, 

1995 

Yunnanilus obtusirostris Yang, in Yang & Chen, 1995: 21, 

fig. 6 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Chengjiang County: 

West Dragon Spring, flowing into Fuxian Lake [24°30'N 




10.46.19 Yunnanilus pachycephalus Kottelat & Chu, 1988 

Yunnanilus pachycephalus Kottelat & Chu, 1988a: 74, fig. 10 

(type locality: China: Yunnan: Xuanwei County: 

Weizhangho at Yangliu, 26°38'N 104°15'E; holotype: KIZ 


10.46.20 Yunnanilus paludosus Kottelat & Chu, 1988 

Yunnanilus paludosus Kottelat & Chu, 1988a: 76, fig. 12 

(type locality: China: Yunnan: Luoping County: Tatantze 

[Datangzi], 24°52'N 104°18'E; holotype: KIZ 806059; 


Yunnanilus macrolepis Li, Tao & Mao, in Li, Tao, Mao & Lu, 

2000: 349, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Luoping 

County: Xuetian Longan, 24°50'N 104°20'E [24°53'N 

104°18'E; Romero et al., 2009: 270]; holotype: HRAS 

or ASIZB 9307001; compound noun, indeclinable)

10.46.22 Yunnanilus pleurotaenia, CMK 13100, 45.5 mm SL; 

China: Yunnan: Lake Dianchi basin. 

10.46.21 Yunnanilus parvus Kottelat & Chu, 1988 

Yunnanilus parvus Kottelat & Chu, 1988a: 77, fig. 13 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Kaiyuan County: Nan Tong cave, 


-us, -a, -um) 

10.46.22 Yunnanilus pleurotaenia (Regan, 1904) 

Nemachilus pleurotaenia Regan, 1904: 192 (type locality: 

China: Yunnan: Sea of Tien at Yunnan Fu [Lake Dianchi, 

Kunming]; lectotype: BMNH 1904.1.26.36, designated 

by Kottelat & Chu, 1988a: 82; compound noun, indeclinable) 

? Yunnanilus tigeriveinus Li & Duan, 1999: 254, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: suburbs of Kunming, in an 

"opening of underground water", 25°10'N 102°55'E; holotype: 

HRAS 9901004; also spelt tigerivinus p. 256, as 

tigeriveinus is used five times and tigerivinus once, tigerivinus 

is treated as an inadvertent error, thus incorrect 

original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1]; etymology unknown, 

treated as noun in apposition, indeclinable) 


136 

10.46.23 Yunnanilus pulcherrimus Yang, Chen & Lan, 

2004 

Yunnanilus pulcherrimus Yang, Chen & Lan, 2004: 112, 

fig. 1 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Du'an County: 

Hongshuihe River, a tributary of Xijiang [23°56'N 


995001; also in Lan, 2004; adjective, -us, -a, -um) 

Yunnanilus zebrinus Lan & Zhang, in Zhou & Zhang, 2006: 

87 (nomen nudum; bibliographic reference make it clear 

that it is an inadvertent error for Yunnanilus pulcherrimus 

Yang, Chen & Lan, 2004: 112; fig. II-19 is fig. 1 of 

Yang et al., 2004: 112) 

Taxonomic notes. Possibly a species of Micronemacheilus. 

10.46.24 Yunnanilus sichuanensis Ding, 1995 

Yunnanilus sichuanensis Ding, 1995: 253, fig. 1 (type locality: 

China: Sichuan: Mianning County: Anning River, 

Shuyalong Jiang River, 2020 masl, 28°41'N 102°12'E; 

holotype: MSINR 930026; adjective, -is, -is, -e) 

10.46.25 Yunnanilus spanisbripes An, Liu & Li, 2009 

Yunnanilus spanisbripes An, Liu & Li, 2009: 631, fig. 1 (type 

locality: China: Yunnan: Zhanyi County: Niulanjiang 

River, 25°59'N 103°36'E [Yangtze drainage]; holotype: 

HRAS 9206064; also spelt spanitripes, p. 637; as first 

reviser I select spanisbripes as correct original spelling; 

etymology unknown, noun in apposition, indeclinable)


APPENDIX: NEW GENUS-GROUP AND FAMILY-GROUP NAMES 

Ambastaia, new genus 

Type species. — Botia nigrolineata Kottelat & Chu, 1987. 

Diagnosis. — Ambastaia is distinguished from all other genera 

of the family Botiidae by its unique colour pattern in 

adults consisting in a whitish-yellowish background with a 

black midlateral stripe on the flank and another, middorsal 

stripe, with vertical bars connecting the two stripes and extending 

on the lower half of the body. In A. nigrolineata only 

the two stripes are present in juveniles and the bars appear at 

about 40–50 mm SL. In A. sidthimunki, the mid-dorsal stripe 

is often longitudinally divided by a whitish median area, or 

a row of whitish blotches, and the midlateral stripe may appear 

as a row of closely connected blotches; the juveniles 

have not yet been described. 

Etymology. — Named for Ambastai (or Ambastus in Latin), 

a river in Ptolemy’s (ca. 90–168) Γεωγραφκ γφγησις 

(Geographikê Hyphêgêsis, Geography). This river has been 

identified as the Mekong (van der Meulen, 1974, 1975). 


Remarks. — The colour pattern of A. nigrolineata and A. 

sidthimunki and its ontogeny are unique within Botiidae. Both 

were originally described in the genus Botia and they were 

later transferred to Yasuhikotakia by Nalbant (2002). Still 

the colour pattern distinguishes them from that of all species 

of Yasuhikotakia, which includes a large blackish blotch at 

the base of the caudal fin and, in juveniles, a number of narrow 

bars on the flank (see figures in Kottelat, 2001b: 87). In 

most individuals, these bars become indistinct with age. Other 

elements of the colour pattern (e.g. middorsal stripes, black 

spots and subdistal margin on fins) may be present. This 

contrasts with Ambastaia in which the stripes appear first, 

followed by the vertical elements. Those species of Yasuhikotakia 

that have been studied osteologically have a long 

process of the frontal along the anterior margin of the orbit 

(called “spinous fringe” by Taki, 1972); it is missing in A. 

sidthimunki. Based on this and other characters, Taki (1972: 

78) commented that A. sidthimunki “appears to be the remotest 

from [...] the rest in the group” [his modesta group, 

equivalent to Yasuhikotakia]. This condition of the ‘spinous 

fringe’ has not yet been checked in all known species and 

therefore it is not used here as a diagnostic character. 

The molecular phylogeny presented by Šlechtová et al. (2005) 

included A. nigrolineata and A. sidthimunki and showed that 

they are each other’s closest relative but not closely related 

to the other species placed in Yasuhikotakia. On the contrary, 

they form the sister-group of Sinibotia and together 

they are the sister-group of Syncrossus. This lineage, in turn, 

constitutes the sister group of Yasuhikotakia. This clearly 

137 

shows that A. sidthimunki and A. nigrolineata form a distinct 

lineage. With the recognition of Ambastaia, Yasuhikotakia 

seems now monophyletic. 

Admittedly, it is quite weak to diagnose a genus by its colour 

pattern; combined with the molecular evidence it seems 

however justified to formally recognise this lineage by a name 

awaiting for (possible) more detailed anatomical studies. 

Assuming that this kind of research will still get support and 

be tolerated. I wish to point that to me, in botiids, the ontogeny 

of the colour pattern seems much more informative than 

the colour pattern itself. Unfortunately there is no published 

information on the colour pattern of the juveniles of the 

Chinese genera (Sinibotia, Leptobotia, Parabotia). 

Theriodes, new genus 

Type species. — Acanthophthalmus sandakanensis Inger & 

Chin, 1962: 120. 

Diagnosis. — Theriodes is distinguished from the other genera 

of the family Cobitidae in Southeast Asia in having the 

black marking at the base of the caudal-fin made of a single 

small black spot; it is slightly vertically elongated, at midheight 

of the caudal-fin base. The gill opening is small, oval, 

its length is about equal to the length of the base of the pectoral 

fin and it is located entirely above the base of the pectoral 

fin. The anterior nostril is at the tip of a short conical 

tube and the posterior nostril is not immediately adjacent to 

the tube, but separated by a distance about equal to its own 

diameter (shared with Kottelatlimia katik). The pectoral fin 

has 5 branched rays. In the male the first two pectoral rays 

are thickened and have a few tubercles along the anterior 

edge; the second ray is branched but there is no membrane 

between the branches and the posterior branch is much thinner 

than the anterior one; superficially the ray may appear 

unbranched (as originally described by Inger & Chin, 1962); 

the branches are more discernible in females and juveniles. 

The other pectoral rays are clearly branched, but the branching 

point is close to the tip of the rays. 

The following characters also help to distinguish the genus, 

although none is unique to it: pelvic fin with 1 simple and 4 

branched rays; dorsal-fin origin about halfway between pelvic-fin 

origin and anal-fin origin; caudal fin rounded; lower 

lip interrupted medially, each half with an inner, thickened 

mental lobe; membrane connecting mental lobe to corner of 

mouth with two barbel-like projections, one of them continuing 

the mental lobe; barbels short, broad, somewhat triangular 

and flattened; bifid suborbital spine; eye covered by 

skin; 25–26 + 10–11 = 35–36 vertebrae (Kottelat & Lim, 

1992: 202).

Etymology. — Named for Theriodes Kolpos (or Theriodis 

Sinus in Latin, the Bay of the Beasts), a place name in Ptolemy’s 

(ca. 90–168) Γεωγραφκ γφγησις (Geographikê Hyphêgêsis, 

Geography). It has been identified by some as possibly 

Borneo (van der Meulen, 1974, 1975). Treated as masculine. 

Remarks. — Theriodes sandakanensis was originally described 

as a species of Acanthophthalmus (a junior synonym 

of Pangio) (Inger & Chin, 1962: 120). There was no explanation 

as to why the species was placed in Pangio but the 

description includes comparison only with species placed in 

Pangio by earlier authors (e.g. Weber & de Beaufort, 1916; 

Smith, 1945). Several of these species have a diagnostic 

‘barred’ colour pattern and Inger & Chin explicitly discussed 

this barred pattern. It is not appropriate to describe the colour 

pattern as barred. In the species of Pangio with a barred 

pattern, the bars are black, regular, with sharp edges and 

contrasted on a white to yellowish background. In Theriodes, 

the colour pattern is better described as dark brown 

marks on a paler, yellowish brown background, made of superficial 

and inner pigments; the marks are irregular and 

somewhat organised in 4–5 transverse bands. Besides, species 

of Pangio are more elongated, with 45–71 vertebrae (Kottelat 

& Lim, 1993), while T. sandakanensis has only 35–36 

(Kottelat & Lim, 1992). Roberts (1989: 103) placed T. sandakanensis 

in the genus Lepidocephalichthys. It indeed 

shares a number of characters with Lepidocephalichthys, e.g., 

the rounded caudal fin, the general morphology of the lower 

lip, and the vertebrae counts (see Kottelat & Lim, 1992). 

Theriodes is, however, missing the most obvious character 

diagnosing Lepidocephalichthys, the sexually dimorphic 

modified pectoral-fin rays in males. Sexual dimorphism provides 

very efficient characters to identify lineages in Cobitidae 

(Šlechtová et al., 2008). In many genera, males have 

thickened, hardened or rigid anterior pectoral rays, often with 

projections or appendages. Lepidocephalichthys is unique 

in having no modification on the anterior rays but in having 

the last two rays (7 and 8) fused and swollen, often with a 

longitudinally elongated, often laminar, protuberance along 

the dorsal surface (Kottelat & Lim, 1992: 203, fig. 1; Nalbant, 

1963, 1994; Havird & Page, 2010). In Pangio, the pectoral-fin 

rays of the males are longer and more rigid than in 

the females, and they have a typical curled appearance (Kottelat 

& Lim, 1993). In Kottelatlimia, earlier included in Lepidocephalichthys, 

a number of segments of the dorsal hemitrich 

of the first branched ray have a posterior laminar projection 

forming a kind of blade or saw-like structure (Kottelat 

& Tan, 2008: 66, fig. 3). 

None of these structures is present in Theriodes. The pectoral 

fin is small, with only 5 branched rays (apparently fewer 

than in all other cobitid genera, 6–10). The first two rays are 

thickened in the male, and the second ray (homologous to 

the first branched ray in the females and juveniles) is described 

as “appeared unbranched” by Inger & Chin (1962: 

123). In fact it is branched but there is no membrane between 

the branches. A similar situation is also observed in 

Kottelatlimia and Acantopsis (Kottelat & Tan, 2008). 


138 

Havird & Page (2010: 156) mentioned the sexual dimorphism 

in Theriodes and Lepidocephalichthys, but in a confusing 

way. The main problem is their misunderstanding of 

the ‘lamina circularis’. They comment that the lamina circularis 

is “formed by the first and second pectoral rays in mature 

males of [T.] sandakanensis (as well as a thickening of 

the first pelvic ray) vs. the seventh and eighth pectoral rays 

in mature males of Lepidocephalichthys”. Elsewhere (p. 137; 

also Havird et al., 2010: 13), “[t]his modification is referred 

to as the lamina circularis and is formed by a fusion and 

hardening of the innermost (seventh and eighth) pectoral rays. 

In mature males of other cobitid genera, the lamina circularis 

is formed by different pectoral rays (usually the second) 

or is absent”. To refer to all types of sexually dimorphic 

modification of the pectoral rays as the same structure, 

under the same name, obviously is misleading as the compared 

structures are not homologous. Next comes the use of 

the wording ‘lamina circularis’ to refer to just any modification 

of the pectoral rays. This obviously ignores that there is 

a very large corpus of literature on cobitids and their sexual 

dimorphism by authors in Europe, China, Japan and Korea, 

spanning over about 140 years. Lamina circularis means circular 

lamella. The sexual dimorphism in Cobitis was first 

described (imperfectly as a swelling of the ray) by Canestrini 

(1871) and it later became known as Canestrini scale. As 

implied by both names, it refers to a round structure and it 

would be strange to use it as a general term meaning modified 

pectoral ray. The lamina circularis is a laminar, usually 

but not always circular, posterior projection of the first (proximal-most) 

segment of the dorsal hemitrich of the first 

branched pectoral ray (see, e.g., Nalbant, 1963: 356; Kottelat 

& Freyhof, 2007: 301, fig. 61). A second lamina circularis 

may also be present on the second branched ray in some 

species. It is not homologous with the thickened rays 1–2 of 

Theriodes, with the curled rays of Pangio, with the fused 

rays 7–8 of Lepidocephalichthys, or with the blade or ‘saw’ 

on ray 2 of Kottelatlimia. But it is apparently homologous 

with the projection on the first segment of ray 2 (the proximal-most 

‘tooth’ of the ‘saw’) in Kottelatlimia (Kottelat & 

Tan, 2008: 66, fig. 3). 

The black pattern at the base of the caudal fin is also useful 

to distinguish some lineages in all families of Cobitoidea. 

Theriodes has a single small black spot at mid-height of the 

caudal fin, a pattern not seen in any other cobitid (but known 

in other loach families). In Lepidocephalichthys and Kottelatlimia, 

as in the majority of cobitids, if present, the black 

spot (or one of the black spots) is in the upper third of the 

caudal-fin base, usually somewhat slanted. There is no spot 

in Pangio, but in some species a bar occupies most of the 

caudal-fin base. 

The gill opening seems smaller in Theriodes than in any other 

cobitid, but this still requires confirmation. In most cobitids, 

the posterior nostril is adjacent to the anterior one (or to 

the base of the tube at the top of which the anterior nostril is 

located), but in Theriodes there is some distance between 

the tube and the posterior nostril. The diagnostic value of 

this character needs to be checked in more genera.

Material. — Theriodes sandakanensis: ZRC 37645, 16 (of 

17); CMK 11557, 2; 10.5–35.0 mm SL; Borneo: Sabah: 

Kinabatangan drainage at SAFODA, near Batu Puteh, K. K. 

P. Lim et al., 7–13 Apr. 1994. - ZRC 45473, 2 (of 3), 21.8– 

22.1 mm SL; Borneo: Sabah: Lungmanis, Goh Y.-Y., 27 Sep. 

1998. 

Speonectes, new genus 

Type species. — Sundoreonectes tiomanensis Kottelat, 1990. 

Diagnosis. — Speonectes is distinguished from the other 

genera of Nemacheilidae by the following combination of 

characters (but none unique to it): anterior and posterior 

nostrils adjacent; rim of anterior nostril as a short tube with 

posterior edge produced in a long filament (‘nasal barbel’); 

processus dentiformis present; lower lip with a median notch; 

lateral line present, incomplete, reaching vertical through end 

of anal-fin base; axillary pelvic lobe present, rudimentary; 

pelvic-fin origin about at vertical through dorsal-fin origin; 

anus closer to base of pelvic fin than to anal-fin origin; dorsal 

and ventral crests on caudal peduncle, supported by 

procurrent rays; posterior chamber of gas bladder large and 

somewhat globulous, located dorso-posterior to stomach and 

connected to encapsulated anterior part by a long slender 

duct. 

The ‘nasal barbel’ is also known in other nemacheilid species 

that had earlier been placed in Oreonectes (e.g. Bănărescu 

& Nalbant, 1995: 455) but are now placed in Oreonectes, 

Lefua, Indoreonectes and Sundoreonectes (Kottelat, 

1990b; Prokofiev, 2005). A few species of Schistura also 

have a ‘nasal barbel’, although less developed; they are immediately 

distinguished from Speonectes by their barred 

colour pattern, anus closer to base of anal-fin origin than to 

pelvic fin; caudal fin emarginated or forked; and (for those 

species in which this character has been examined) posterior 

chamber of gas bladder absent or immediately adjacent 

to encapsulated anterior part. 

Speonectes is distinguished from Oreonectes in having: an 

almost complete lateral line, which reaches to a vertical 

through the end of the base of the anal fin (vs. absent or up 

to 18 pores, not reaching pelvic fin; Du et al., 2008); a large 

posterior chamber of the air bladder, located dorso-posterior 

to the stomach and connected to the encapsulated anterior 

part by a long slender duct (vs. in direct contact with the 

bony capsule); the dorsal-fin origin about on a vertical 

through pelvic-fin origin (vs. conspicuously behind the base 

of the pelvic fin); adjacent nostrils (vs. widely separated, 

posterior one at short distance of anterior margin of orbit); 

and the anus closer to the base of the pelvic fins than to the 

anal-fin origin (vs. immediately in front of anal-fin origin). 

Oreonectes occurs in southeastern China and northern Vietnam. 

Speonectes is distinguished from Lefua in having: an almost 

complete lateral line, which reaches to a vertical through the 

end of the base of the anal fin (vs. no lateral line); the dorsal- 


139 

fin origin about on a vertical through pelvic-fin origin (vs. 

above posterior extremity of pelvic-fin base); adjacent nostrils 

(vs. widely separated, posterior one at short distance of 

anterior margin of orbit); and the anus closer to the base of 

the pelvic fins than to the origin of the anal fin (vs. immediately 

in front of anal-fin origin). Lefua occurs in the Amur 

drainage, Korea, northeastern China and Japan. 

Speonectes is distinguished from Indoreonectes in having: 

an almost complete lateral line, which reaches a vertical 

through the end of the base of the anal fin (vs. reaching at 

most to a vertical through middle of pectoral fin); a large 

posterior chamber of the air bladder, located dorso-posterior 

to the stomach and connected to the anterior encapsulated 

part by a long slender duct (vs. rudimentary and adjacent 

to the bony capsule); the dorsal-fin origin about at a vertical 

through the pelvic-fin origin (vs. above the posterior extremity 

of the pelvic-fin base or behind); and the anus closer to 

the base of the pelvic fin than to the anal-fin origin (vs. immediately 

in front of anal-fin origin). Indoreonectes is known 

only from Peninsular India. 

The only known species of Speonectes (S. tiomanensis) inhabits 

a cave on Tioman Island (off Malay Peninsula) and 

was earlier placed in the genus Sundoreonectes, which includes 

at least two species from the highlands of Borneo. 

Besides the features commonly observed in cavefishes (reduced 

eyes, white body, etc.), Speonectes is distinguished 

from Sundoreonectes in having: a median notch in the lower 

lip (vs. no notch, lip continuous along the anterior edge, but 

with numerous narrow furrows; postlabial groove almost 

continuous, interrupted medially only by two very narrow 

frena); an almost complete lateral line, which reaches to a 

vertical through the posterior extremity of the base of the 

anal fin (vs. reaching to above pelvic fin); the anus closer to 

the base of the pelvic fin than to the anal-fin origin (vs. immediately 

in front of at anal-fin origin); and the caudal fin 

slightly emarginate (vs. truncate or slightly rounded). Sundoreonectes 

was distinguished from Oreonectes, Lefua and 

Indoreonectes by the absence of a frontal fontanelle; it is 

not possible to dissect the single specimen of S. tiomanensis 

available to me to check this character, but no fontanelle 

could be felt through the skin with a needle. 

Etymology. — From the Greek σποζ (speos: a cave, cavern, 

grot) and νκτηζ (nectes: a swimmer); a reference to the cave 

habitat of the only known species of the genus. Gender masculine. 

Remarks. — Unpublished molecular data (V. Šlechtová and 

J. Bohlen, pers. comm.) shows that Speonectes tiomanensis 

belongs to a lineage very distinct from Oreonectes, Lefua 

and Sundoreonectes. 

Material. — Speonectes tiomanensis: CMK 15963, 1; Malaysia: 

Tioman Island. Indoreonectes evezardi: CMK 6439, 

2; India: Madhya Pradesh. Oreonectes platycephalus: CMK 

7207, 3; Hong Kong. - CMK 14892, 5; Vietnam: Quang Ninh. 

Sundorectes sabahensis: CMK 6435, 2; 17455, 10; Malaysia: 

Sarawak. Lefua costata: CMK 21951, 9; South Korea.

Fig. 1. Barbucca diabolica, ZRC 47747, 29.0 mm SL. Mouth. 

lj, lower jaw; llp, barbel-like projection of lower lip; ml, median 

lobe. (Photograph by Tan Heok Hui, retouched by author). 

Additional data from: Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1995; Prokofiev, 

2005; Du et al., 2008; Kottelat, 1990b. 

Barbuccidae, new family 

Type genus. — Barbucca Roberts, 1989: 100. 

Diagnosis. — Barbuccidae includes the single genus Barbucca, 

with one named and several unnamed species. The 

most obvious characters distinguishing Barbuccidae from the 

other families of Cobitoidea are in the structure of the mouth 

(Fig. 1) and the gas-bladder capsule. Upper lip, fleshy, 

smooth, with or without a median notch. Lower lip continuous 

with upper lip, fleshy, interrupted medially, with a thick, 

fleshy barbel-like projection along its posterior edge, near 

lateral extremity. Skin of throat between median extremities 

of lower lip forming a fleshy, triangular lobe, with a soft, 

thin, compressed projection orientated perpendicular to body. 

Two pairs of rostral barbels, one pair of maxillary barbels. 

All barbels with rings of small projections. Lower jaw exposed. 

The shape of the gas-bladder capsule distinguishes Barbuccidae 

from all other lineages of Cobitoidea. The capsule 

appears as a single globulous structure in Cobitidae, incompletely 

formed in Botiidae and Vaillantellidae (Sawada, 

1982). In Nemacheilidae, Balitoridae, Gastromyzontidae 

(Sawada, 1982), Serpenticobitidae (Nalbant, 2001) and Ellopostomatidae 

(Kevin Conway, pers. comm., 2011) the capsule 

is made of two more or less spherical structures (formed 

by the horizontal and the descending processes of centrum 2 

and the inner and outer arms of the os suspensorium) connected 

posteriorly to each other to form a canal (called ‘manubrium’ 

by, e.g., Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1995) around the duct 

connecting the left and right halves of the anterior chamber 

of the gas bladder. The manubrium is not a complete tube in 

Ellopostoma but a thin lamina of bone that rims the ventral 

part of the connecting duct. In Barbuccidae, the ‘manubrium’ 

is missing, the two capsule are posteriorly independent 

and the duct is exposed (Fig. 2). The coracoid has a large 

posterior process, not reported in other families. Posterior 

edge of basipterygium of pelvic girdle with elongate poster- 


lj 

ml 

llp 

140 

pcp 

d 

gbc 

gbp 

Fig. 2. Barbucca diabolica, UMMZ 240150, 24.4 mm SL. Ventral 

view of pectoral girdle. d, duct; gbc, gas-bladder capsule; 

gbp, gas-bladder posterior chamber; pcp, posterior coracoid process. 

(Photograph by Kevin Conway). 

odorsal process, which articulates with 2 nd last rib close to 

its base. (Based on photographs and information provided 

by Kevin Conway). 

Barbuccidae are further distinguished by having: body short, 

compact, with a barred colour pattern. Head small, with a 

blunt snout, with large, oval eyes orientated dorso-laterally. 

Anterior nostril at tip of a short tube; posterior nostril in 

contact with base of tube and adjacent to eye orbit. Caudal 

fin emarginate. Dorsal-fin origin slightly in advance of pelvic-fin 

origin. Pectoral and pelvic fins directed laterally, each 

with a single simple ray. Large tubercles disposed irregularly 

on lower half of flank above anal fin (number and exact 

distribution variable and depending of species). 

Serpenticobitidae, new family 

Type genus. — Serpenticobitis Roberts, 1997: 109. 

Diagnosis. — Serpenticobitidae includes the single genus 

Serpenticobitis, with three named species. It is distinguished 

from the other families of Cobitoidea in having: body short, 

cylindrical, with a barred colour pattern. Head small, snout 

rounded and conspicuously overhanging. A large bifid spine 

present immediately below eye. Caudal fin slightly forked. 

Dorsal-fin origin in advance of pelvic-fin origin. Pectoral 

fins directed laterally. Pectoral and pelvic fins with a single 

simple ray. Mouth small, arched. Upper and lower lips fleshy 

and continuous. Lower lip with a few folds and a median 

interruption but no mental lobes. Two pairs of rostral barbels, 

one pair of maxillary barbels. Lower jaw partly exposed. 

Anterior nostril pierced at front side of a flap-like 

tube. All fins with conspicuous rows of spots. A large and 

conspicuous black spot at midheight of caudal-fin base. Gasbladder 

capsule in two parts connected by a ‘manubrium’ 

(Nalbant, 2001: 10). 

Remarks. — I follow here the molecular phylogeny of Šlech-

tová et al. (2007) and Bohlen & Šlechtová (2009). However, 

their phylogeny recovers Ellopostomatidae, Nemacheilidae 

and Balitoridae as an unresolved trichotomy and their 

Balitoridae is quite heterogeneous and includes a number of 

very distinctive groups. In their Balitoridae, they recovered 

four lineages corresponding to Gastromyzontidae, ‘Homalopteridae’ 

of earlier authors (e.g., Silas, 1953), Barbucca 

and Serpenticobitis. The position of these two genera has 

been very uncertain since their description, with Barbucca 

being placed in Cobitidae (Roberts, 1989) or in Balitoridae 

(Kottelat et al., 1993; Šlechtová et al., 2007), and Serpenticobitis 

hypothesized to belong to Cobitidae (Roberts, 1997; 

Kottelat, 2001b), Nemacheilidae (Nalbant, 2002: pl. 7) or 

Balitoridae (Šlechtová et al., 2007). As more characters (morphological 

and molecular) are explored and as data on more 

species become available, these two genera are likely to continue 

their Brownian movement within the phylogeny of 

Cobitoidei. I find it convenient to give these two genera the 

It is impossible to mention all those who provided information 

and literature over the years of gestation of this checklist, 

but in the final years the following helped in finding 

rare or hard-to-get literature and helped with translations, 

information and comments: Nina Bogutskaya (ZISP), Jörg 

Bohlen (Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, 

Liběchov, Czechia), Ralf Britz (BMNH), Chen I-Shiung 

(National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan), Chen 

Xiao-Yong (KIZ), Kevin Conway (Texas A&M University, 

College Station, USA), Fang Fang (NRM), Jörg Freyhof 

(Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 

Berlin, Germany), Alain Hennache (Parc de Clères, 

Clères, France), Kim Ik-Soo (CNUC), Katsuma Kubota 

(Bangkok, Thailand), Sven Kullander (NRM), Kelvin Lim 

(ZRC), Michal Mikšik (Prague), Sonia Fisch-Muller 

(MHNG), Ng Heok Hee (ZRC), Rohan Pethiyagoda (AMS), 

Graham Proudlove (University of Manchester, U. K.), Vendula 

Šlechtová (Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, 

Liběchov, Czechia), Tan Heok Hui (ZRC), Tran Anh Duc 

(Hanoi University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam), Davut Turan 

(Rize University, Rize, Turkey), Ekaterina Vasil’eva 

(ZMMU), Claude Weber (MHNG), Yang Jian (Guangxi 

Teacher’s Education University, Nanning, China), Zhang E 

(IHB). Kevin Conway generously made available a number 


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

141 

same rank as the two other lineages (Gastromyzontidae and 

Balitoridae s.s.). 

Some might prefer recognising a hierarchy of families, subfamilies, 

tribes etc. and are free to do so. At this stage, I do 

not see any advantage at recognising a hierarchy of ranks 

within the still unstable Nemacheilidae-Balitoridae-Ellopostomatidae 

assemblage (see Introduction, Families vs. subfamilies). 

The classification with a single rank allows easier 

reference for those not concerned by phylogeny or taxonomy. 

It is easier (for example for ecologists) to handle units 

with some sort of internal consistency in morphology, habitat 

preferences, etc. with only one level of family-group 

names, without having to worry about a hierarchy of names 

or debates on phylogeny. A classification using (naming) few 

ranks only is less quickly obsolete than a classification using 

a complex hierarchy. 

of unpublished osteological information and photographs 

used in the diagnoses of the new taxa. Kevin Conway, Jörg 

Bohlen and Jörg Freyhof read and commented on the manuscript. 

Rohan Pethiyagoda commented on the manuscript and 

helped in making it more readable. Hazelina Yeo Hwan Theng 

read and checked the manuscript. Jörg Bohlen, Chen Xiao- 

Yong, Kevin Conway, Jörg Freyhof, Alexander Golubtsov 

(Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, 

Russia), Kazumi Hosoya (Kinki University, Nara, Japan), 

Zdenek Lajbner (Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, 

Liběchov, Czechia), Lan Jia-Hu (Fishery Technique Popularization 

Station, Du’an, China), Beta Mahatvaraj (Chennai, 

India), Artem Prokofiev (Severtsov Institute of Ecology 

and Evolution, Moscow, Russia), Ren Qiu (KIZ), Tan Heok 

Hui, Yang Jian, Zhang E, Zhao Ya-Hui (ASIZB) and Zakhar 

Zhidkov (Saint Petersburg University, Russia) provided photographs. 

Tan Heok Hui designed the cover page. 

Over the years, Antoinette Kottelat-Kloetzli contributed to 

my work on loaches by assisting in library work, sorting and 

shelving collections, supporting my frequent and long absences 

while in the field, coining a number of names of new 

taxa (and building a stock of names available for future new 

taxa), and many other ways.


LITERATURE CITED 

Titles of publications in languages using the Latin alphabet appear as on original. For publications using other alphabets, if a 

translation of the title in a language using the Latin alphabet is given in the paper, this translation is used, in the language of the 

translation; if no translation is given, the title is translated into English. For journal names in languages not using the Latin 

alphabet, I use the translation in the language on the cover; otherwise the title is translated into English. When relevant, 

bibliographic notes are included in square brackets at the end of references. This includes information on dates of publication, 

references to reviews and translations, reprint editions, authorship, works placed on Official Indexes by the ICZN, etc. 

Abdurakhmanov, Y. A., 1962. [Freshwater fishes of Azerbaidjan]. 

Izdatel’stvo Academii Nauk Azerbadzhanskoi 

SSR, Baku, 407 pp. [In Russian]. 

Agassiz, L., 1832. Untersuchungen über die fossilen Süsswasser-Fische 

der tertiären Formationen. Jahrbuch für 

Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde, 

3: 129–138. 

Agassiz, L., 1833–1844. Recherches sur les poissons fossiles. 

L’Auteur [Agassiz], Neuchâtel. 5 vols. text, 5 vols. 

atlas, 1: xlix+188 pp., pls. H–K; 2: 310+336 pp., pls. A– 

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INDEX 

Subspecies and infrasubspecific names are listed under their generic name in alphabetical sequence and with omission of 

intercallated names (e.g. Acanthophthalmus kuhlii malayanus is listed as Acanthophthalmus malayanus). Accidental misspelling 

of generic names are corrected. Numbers in bold refer to valid names of valid species. 

A 

abbreviata, Homaloptera 7.9.1 

abbreviata, Jinshaia 7.9.1 

Aborichthys 10.1 

— bijulensis 10.1 

— elongatus 10.1.1, 10.30.3 

— garoensis 10.1.2 

— kempi 10.1, 10.1.3 

— rosammai 10.34.154 

— tikaderi 10.1.4 

abyssinicus, Afronemacheilus 10.3.1 

abyssinicus, Nemachilus 10.3, 10.3.1 

Acanestrinia 4.5 

Acanthocobitis 10.2 

— botia 2.2.7, 10.2.2, 10.2.3 

— longipinnis 10.2, 10.2.1, 10.2.5, 10.21.14 

— mandalayensis 10.2.3 

— mooreh 10.2.4 

— pavonacea 10.2.5 

— pictilis 10.2.6 

— rubidipinnis 10.2.3, 10.2.7 

— urophthalma 10.2.8 

— zonalternans 10.2.9 

Acanthophthalmus 4.5, 4.16 

— agmus 4.16.1 

— anguillaris 4.16, 4.16.5 

— borneensis 4.16.1 

— cuneovirgatus 4.16.9 

— fasciatus 4.16, 4.16.16 

— goaensis 4.16.14 

— javanicus 4.16.24 

— longipinnis 4.10.5 

— lorentzi 4.10.14 

— mariae 4.16.21 

— malayanus 4.16.20 

— muraeniformis 4.16.22 

— myersi 4.16.23 

— pahangensis 4.1.1 

— robiginosus 4.16.28 

— sandakanensis 4.21, 4.21.1 

— semicinctus 4.16.29 

— shelfordii 4.16.30 

— sumatranus 4.16.29 

— unistriatus 4.10.10 

— vermicularis 4.16.5 

Acanthopis berdmorei 4.10.5 

— micropogon 4.10.15 

Acanthopsides 4 

Acanthopsis 4, 4.2, 4.5 

Acanthopsis angustus 4.5 

— biaculeata 4.2.1 

— lachnostoma 4.5.1 

— linea 4.5.29 

— paludica 4.5 

Acanthopsoides 4.1 

— delphax 4.1.1 

— gracilentus 4.1.2 

— gracilis 4.1, 4.1.3 

— hapalias 4.1.4 

— molobrion 4.1.5 

— namromensis 4.1.2 

— robertsi 4.1.6 

Acantophthalmus 4.5, 4.16 

— fasciatus 4.16.16 

— javanicus 4.16.24 

— superbus 4.16.32 

Acantopsis 4, 4.2, 4.5 

— arenae 4.5.3 

— dialuzona 4.2, 4.2.1 

— guttatus 4.5.3 

— multistigmatus 4.2.2 

— octoactinotos 4.2.2 

— spectabilis 4.2.3 

— thiemmedhi 4.2.4 

Acoura 10.34 

Acourus 10.34 

aculeata, Schistura 4.10.9 

Acura 10.34 

acuticauda, Sinohomaloptera 7.5.16 

acuticephala, Homatula 10.11.1 

acuticephala, Paracobitis 10.11.1 

acuticephala, Schistura 10.34.3 

acuticephalus, Nemachilus 10.34.3 

Adiposia 10, 10.26 

Adiposiidae 10 

Aenobarbus 4.10 

aenobarbus, Allotrius 4.10 

aequabilis, Gastromyzon 8.5.1 

aeroides, Gastromyzon 8.5.2 

afasciata, Schistura 10.34.4, 10.34.13 

afghana, Nemachilus 10.42.65 

afrenatus, Nemachilus 10.25.16 

Afronemacheilus 10.3 

— abyssinicus 10.3.1 

— kaffa 10.3 

agma, Pangio 4.16.1 

agmus, Acanthophthalmus 4.16.1 

agrensis, Platacanthus 4.10, 4.10.16 

176 

aizawlensis, Schistura 10.34.5 

ajdan, Cobitis 4.13.4 

ajmonis, Nemachilus 10.14.7 

akhtari, Nemachilus 10.42.1 

akhtari, Triplophysa 10.42.1 

alasanicus, Nemachilus 10.25.25 

albescens, Canthophrys 4.4, 4.4.1 

albicoloris, Cobitis 4.20.4 

albisuera, Sewellia 8.16.1 

alcoides, Pangio 4.16.2 

alepidota, Paraschistura 10.28.1 

alepidotus, Noemacheilus 10.28.1 

alexandrae, Triplophysa 10.42.2 

aliensis, Triplophysa 10.42.3 

alkaia, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.1 

Allotrius aenobarbus 4.10 

almorhae, Botia 2.2, 2.2.1 

alta, Schistura 10.34.6 

altayensis, Barbatula 10.4.1 

alternans, Pangio 4.16.3 

alticeps, Nemacheilus 10.33 

alticeps, Nemachilus 10.33.1 

alticeps, Qinghaichthys 10.33.1 

alticrista, Schistura 10.34.7 

altipedunculata, Schistura 10.34.8 

altipedunculatus, Noemacheilus 10.34.8 

altipinnis, Triplophysa 10.42.4 

altus, Yunnanilus 10.46.1 

aluensis, Triplophysa 10.42.5 

Ambastaia 2.1 

— nigrolineata 2.1.1 

— sidthimunki 2.1.2 

ammophila, Pangio 4.16.4 

amnicola, Cobitis 4.4.1 

amphilekta, Cobitis 4.5.4 

amphisquamata, Homaloptera 7.8.1 

amphisquamata, Homalopterula 7.8.1 

amplizona, Schistura 10.34.9 

amudarjensis, Dzihunia 10.7.1 

amudarjensis, Nemacheilus 10.7 

amudarjensis, Nemachilus 10.7.1 

analis, Sewellia 8.16.2 

analis, Yunnanilus 10.46.2 

anambarensis, Noemacheilus 10.34.10 

anambarensis, Schistura 10.34.10 

anatoliae, Cobitinula 4.5, 4.5.61 

anatolicus, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.1 

andrewsi, Lefua 10.17.1 

angeli, Nemacheilus 10.4.8, 10.42.6

angeli, Triplophysa 10.42.6 

anglicana, Nemacheilus 10.4.2 

angorae, Nemachilus 10.25.2 

angorae, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.2 

anguilla, Nemacheilus 10.21.1 

anguillaris, Acanthophthalmus 4.16, 4.16.5 

anguillaris, Pangio 4.16.5 

anguillicaudata, Cobitis 4.13.1 

anguillicaudatus, Misgurnus 4.13.1, 4.18.1 

anguillioides, Homatula 10.11.2 

anguillioides, Paracobitis 10.11.2 

angustus, Acanthopsis 4.5 

anisura, Platycara 7.1.2 

Annamia 8.1 

— normani 8.1.1 

— thuathienensis 8.1.1 

annamitica, Balitora 7, 7.1.1 

annandalei, Bhavania 7.3.1 

annandalei, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.2 

anophthalmus, Oreonectes 10.24.6 

antennata, Schistura 10.34.11 

anterodorsalis, Triplophysa 10.42.7 

Aperioptus 4.2 

— megalomycter 5.1. 5.1.1 

— pictorius 4.2, 4.2.1 

aphelocheilus, Protomyzon 8.14.1 

apoda, Pangio 4.16.6 

Apua 4.16 

— fusca 4.16, 4.16.13 

aquaecaeruleae, Triplophysa 10.42.8, 

10.42.40 

arachthosensis, Cobitis 4.5.5 

aralensis, Cobitis 4.20.1 

aramis, Schistura 10.34.12 

araxensis, Orthrias 10.25.3 

araxensis, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.3 

arenae, Acantopsis 4.5.3 

arenae, Cobitis 4.5.2 

arenae, Misgurnus 4.5.2 

arenata, Cobitis 10.2.2 

arenicolus, Nemacheilus 10.21.2 

argentata, Cobites 10.2.2 

argyrogramma, Cobitis 10.25.4 

argyrogramma, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.4 

arifi, Schistura 10.34.4, 10.34.13, 

10.34.42, 10.34.97 

arnoldii, Triplophysa 10.42.9 

arunachalensis, Bhavania 7.1 

arunachalensis, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.3 

arunachalensis, Noemacheilus 4.10.3, 

10.34.184 

assamensis, Neonoemacheilus 10.23.1 

assamensis, Noemacheilus 10.23.1 

atactos, Pangio 4.16.7 

athos, Schistura 10.34.14 

atra, Schistura 10.34.15 

atriceps, Noemacheilus 10.35, 10.35.1 

atriceps, Sectoria 10.35.1 

aurantiaca, Schistura 10.34.16 

aurata, Cobitis 4.20.1 


aurata, Sabanejewia 4.20.1 

aureus, Nemacheilus 10.2.4 

auronigrus, Gastromyzon 8.5.3 

australis, Bhavania 7.3, 7.3.1 

australis, Platycara 7.3.1 

aymonieri, Gyrinocheilus 1.1.1 

aymonieri, Psilorhynchus 1.1.1 

B 

bachmaensis, Schistura 10.34.17 

bacmeensis, Micronemacheilus 10.41.2 

badamensis, Nemachilus 10.15.1 

baenzigeri, Nemacheilus 10.44 

baenzigeri, Noemacheilus 10.44.1 

baenzigeri, Tuberoschistura 10.44.1 

bairdi, Schistura 10.34.18 

bajiangensis, Yunnanilus 10.46.3 

balcanica, Cobitis 4.20, 4.20.2 

balcanica, Sabanejewia 4.20.2 

balgara, Cobitis 4.10.9 

Balitora 7, 7.1 

— annamitica 7, 7.1.1 

— brucei 7.1, 7.1.2 

— burmanica 7.1.3, 7.1.12 

— burmanicus 7.1.3 

— eddsi 7.1.4 

— elongata 7.5.3 

— erythrorhina 7.6.5 

— haithanhi 7.1.5 

— heteroura 7.1.5 

— kwangsiensis 7.1.5 

— lancangjiangensis 7.1.6 

— laticauda 7.1.7 

— lineolata 8.16, 8.16.6 

— longibarbata 7.1.9 

— ludongensis 7.1.8 

— maculata 7.1.2 

— melanosoma 7.1.3 

— meridionalis 7.1.10 

— mysorensis 7.1.11 

— nantingensis 7.1.12 

— nigrocorpa 7.1.5 

— nujiangensis 7.5.9 

— ocellata 7.7.6 

— pavonina 7.6.5 

— pengi 7.5.11 

— shimogensis 7.1.7 

— tchangi 7.5.15 

— vanlani 7.1.5 

— vanlongi 7.1.6 

Balitoridae 7 

Balitoropsis 7.2 

— bartschi 7.2, 7.2.10 

— batek 7.2.1 

— leonardi 7.2.2 

— ophiolepis 7.2.3 

— sexmaculata 7.2.4 

— stephensoni 7.2.5 

— tatereganii 7.2.6 

— vulgaris 7.2.7 

177 

Balitoropsis yunnanensis 7.2.8 

— yuwonoi 7.2.9 

— zollingeri 7.2.10 

balteata, Schistura 10.34.19 

balteatus, Nemacheilus 10.34.19 

baltica, Sabanejewia 4.20.3 

baluchiorum, Nemachilus 10.34.20 

baluchiorum, Schistura 10.34.20 

bamaensis, Paraprotomyzon 8.11.1 

bampurenris, Paraschistura 10.28.2 

bampurensis, Nemacheilus 10.28.2 

bampurensis, Paraschistura 10.34.20 

banar, Nemacheilus 10.21.3 

banarescui, Leptobotia 2.5.1 

banarescui, Orthrias 10.25.5 

banarescui, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.5 

banarescui, Parabotia 2.5.1 

Bangfaia 9.1 

bannaensis, Schistura 10.34.21 

baotingensis, Plesiomyzon 8.13, 8.13.1 

barapaniensis, Noemacheilus 10.30.3 

Barbatula 10.4 

— altayensis 10.4.1 

— barbatula 10.4.2, 10.4.15 

— bergamensis 10.25.40 

— caudofurca 10.34.33 

— cinica 10.25.10 

— cobdoensis. 10.4.4 

— cobdonensis 10.4.3 

— compressirostris 10.4.4 

— cuneicephalus 10.42.21 

— dgebuadzei 10.4.5 

— erdali 10.25.13 

— fowleri 10.4.8 

— germencica 10.25.18 

— golubtsovi 10.4.3, 10.4.4, 10.4.6 

— incerta 10.34.74 

— kirinensis 10.4.8 

— markakulensis 10.4.4, 10.4.7, 10.4.15 

— mediterraneus 10.25.27, 10.36.1 

— nuda 10.4.8, 10.4.15, 10.42.86 

— oreas 10.4.9, 10.4.15 

— orthocauda 10.34.126 

— paucilepis 10.25.9, 10.25.15, 

10.25.32, 10.25.38 

— phoxinoides 10.25.34 

— pindus 10.25.35 

— posteroventralis 10.42.22 

— potaninorum 10.4.10 

— quignardi 10.4.11 

— sawadai 10.4.12 

— sellaefer 10.42.91 

— shansi 10.4.8 

— sturanyi 10.4.13 

— tigris 10.4.14 

— tomiana 10.4.4, 10.4.14, 10.4.15 

— tomianus 10.4.15 

— toni 10.4.3, 10.4.4, 10.4.8, 10.4.14, 

10.4.15 

— uniformis 10.34.74

Barbatula zetensis 10.4.16 

barbatula, Barbatula 10.4.2, 10.4.15 

barbatula, Cobitis 10.4, 10.4.2 

barbatuloides, Cobitis 4.10, 4.10.4 

barbatuloides, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.4 

Barbucca 6, 6.1 

— diabolica 6.1, 6.1.1 

Barbuccidae 6 

bario, Gastromyzon 8.5.4 

bartschi, Balitoropsis 7.2, 7.2.10 

bashai, Pangio 4.16 

bashanensis, Triplophysa 10.42.10 

batek, Balitoropsis 7.2.1 

batek, Homaloptera 7.2.1 

battalgili, Cobitis 4.5.41 

beauforti, Botia 2.7.1 

beauforti, Syncrossus 2.7.1 

Beaufortia 8, 8.2 

— buas 8.2.1 

— cyclica 8.2.2, 8.2.4 

— daon 8.2.3 


— fasciolata 8.2.16 

— gracilicauda 8.2.7 

— huangguoshuensis 8.2.5 

— intermedia 8.2.6 

— kweichowensis 8.2.7 

— leveretti 8.2.8 

— liui 8.2.9 

— loos 8.2.10 

— multiocellata 8.2.16 

— niulanensis 8.2.11 

— pingi 8.2.12 

— polliciformis 8.2.2 

— polylepis 8.2.13 

— szechuanensis 8.2.14 

— triocellata 8.2.16 

— yunnanensis 8.2.15 

— zebroida 8.2.16 

Beaufortini 8 

beavani, Nemachilus 10.34.22 

beavani, Schistura 10.34.22 

beipanjiangensis, Yunnanilus 10.46.4 

bella, Schistura 10.34.23 

bellibarus, Nemachilus 10.42.11 

bellibarus, Triplophysa 10.42.11 

berdmorei, Acanthopis 4.10.5 

berdmorei, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.5 

berdmorei, Syncrossus 2.7, 2.7.2 

berezowskii, Homatula 10.11.3 

berezowskii, Nemacheilus 10.11.3 

bergamensis, Barbatula 10.25.40 

bergi, Nemacheilus 10.25.25 

bergianus, Nemachilus 10.25.6 

bergianus, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.6 

bertini, Nemacheilus 10.42.86 

Beyshehiria 4.5 

Bhavania 7.3 

— annandalei 7.3.1 

— arunachalensis 7.1 


Bhavania australis 7.3.1 

bhimachari, Nemachilus 10.34.24 

bhimachari, Schistura 10.34.24 

biaculeata, Acanthopsis 4.2.1 

Bibarba 4.3 

— bibarba 4.3, 4.3.1 

bibarba, Bibarba 4.3, 4.3.1 

Bicanestrinia 4.5 

bifurcata, Cobitis 4.13.1 

bijulensis, Aborichthys 10.1 

bilineata, Cobitis 4.5.6 

bilineata, Helgia 7.6 

bilineata, Homaloptera 7.6.1 

bilseli, Cobitis 4.5, 4.5.7 

bilturio, Cobitis 10.2.2 

bimaculatus, Parabotia 2.5.2 

bimucronata, Cobitis 10.2.2 

binotatus, Nemacheilus 10.21.4 

bipartitus, Nemacheilus 4.13 

bipartitus, Nemachilus 4.13.4 

birdi, Botia 2.2.2 

birmanicus, Lepidocephalus 4.10.5 

bispinosa, Somileptes 4.4, 4.4.1 

bitaimac, Pangio 4.16.8 

biwae, Cobitis 4.5.8 

blackiana, Nemacheilus 10.4.2 

bleekeri, Nemachilus 10.42.12 

bleekeri, Triplophysa 10.42.12 

blythi, Botia 2.2.1 

blythii, Nemacheilus 10 

bolavenensis, Schistura 10.34.25 

bombifrons, Nemachilus 10.40 

bombifrons, Tarimichthys 10.40.1 

borneensis, Acanthophthalmus 4.16.1 

borneensis, Gastromyzon 8.5, 8.5.5 

borneensis, Protomyzon 8.14.2 

bosniaca, Cobitis 4.20.2 

Botia 1, 2.2, 2.7 

— almorhae 2.2, 2.2.1 

— beauforti 2.7.1 

— birdi 2.2.2 

— blythi 2.2.1 

— caudipunctata 2.8.1 

— citrauratea 2.4.1 

— compressicauda 2.4.13 

— dario 2.2.3 

— dayi 2.2.7 

— elongata 2.4, 2.4.1, 2.5.5 

— eos 2.8.2 

— fangi 2.4.10 

— formosa 2.7.5 

— gigantea 2.6.2 

— grandis 2.2.1, 2.7 

— helodes 2.7.3 

— hexafurca 2.6.4 

— histrionica 2.2.4 

— horae 2.8.6 

— javedi 2.2.2 

— kolhapurensis 2.2.8 

— kubotai 2.2.5 

178 

Botia kwangsiensis 2.5.6 

— lecontei 2.8.3 

— lohachata 2.2.6 

— longidorsalis 2.84 

— longiventralis 2.6.1 

— lucasbahi 2.7.5 

— macrolineata 2.2.3 

— maculosa 2.5.10 

— modesta 2.8, 2.8.5 

— morleti 2.8.6 

— multifasciata 2.5.6 

— nebulosa 2.2.7 

— nigrolineata 2.1, 2.1.1 

— pratti 2.4.10 

— pulchra 2.6.2 

— pulchripinnis 2.8.3 

— reevesae 2.6.3 

— reversa 2.7.6 

— robusta 2.6.4 

— rostrata 2.2.7 

— rubripinnis 2.8.5 

— sidthimunki 2.1.2 

— splendida 2.8.7 

— striata 2.2.8 

— superciliaris 2.6, 2.6.5 

— tientainensis 2.4.13 

— udomritthiruji 2.2.9 

— variegata 2.4 

— wui 2.5.6 


— zebra 2.6.6 

botia, Acanthocobitis 2.2.7, 10.2.2, 10.2.3 

botia, Cobitis 10.2.2 

Botiidae 1 

boutanensis, Cobitis 10.26.1 

boutanensis, Paracobitis 10.26.1 

brachyptera, Triplophysa 10.42.13 

brachypterus, Nemachilus 10.42.13 

brahui, Nemachilus 10.42.14 

brahui, Triplophysa 10.42.14 

brandtii, Nemachilus 10.25.7 

brandtii, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.4, 10.25.7 

brevibarba, Triplophysa 10.42.15 

brevibarbus, Nemachilus 10.9.4, 10.42.15 

brevibarbus, Triplophysa 10.42.15 

brevicauda, Nemachilus 10.42.16 

brevicauda, Triplophysa 10.42.16 

breviceps, Noemacheilus 

breviceps, Schistura 10.34.26 

brevifasciata, Kichulchoia 4.7.1 

brevifasciata, Niwaella 4.7, 4.7.1 

brevirostris, Parabotia 2.5.3 

brevis, Nemachilus 10.29, 10.29.2 

brevis, Petruichthys 10.29.2 

brevis, Sewellia 8.16.8 

brevis, Yunnanilus 10.46 

breviventralis, Sewellia 8.16.3 

brucei, Balitora 7.1, 7.1.2 

brunei, Neogastromyzon 8.10.1 

brunneana, Physoschistura 10.30.1

unneanus, Nemacheilus 10.30 

brunneanus, Nemachilus 10.30.1 

buas, Beaufortia 8.2.1 

buas, Gastromyzon 8.2.1 

bucculenta, Schistura 10.34.27 

bucculentus, Noemacheilus 10.34.27 

bulgarica, Cobitis 4.20.4 

bulgarica, Sabanejewia 4.20.4 

buphoensis, Misgurnus 4.13.** 

bureschi, Nemacheilus 10.25.8 

bureschi, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.8 

burmanica, Balitora 7.1.3, 7.1.12 

burmanicus, Balitora 7.1.3 

C 

cakaensis, Triplophysa 10.42.17, 10.42.100 

calderoni, Cobitis 4.5.9 

caldwelli, Homaloptera 8.17.5 

caldwelli, Vanmanenia 8.17.5 

callichroma, Schistura 10.34.28 

callichromus, Noemacheilus 10.34.28 

callidora, Schistura 10.34.29 

cambodgiensis, Tuberoschistura 10.44.2 

Canthophrys 4.4 

— albescens 4.4, 4.4.1 

— flavicauda 2.2.3 

— gongota 4.4.1 

— rubiginosus 4.16.25 

— unispina 10.2.2 

— vittatus 4.10.9 

— zebra 2.2, 2.2.3 

— olivaceus 4.10.9 

caobangensis, Vanmanenia 8.17.6 

caohaiensis, Yunnanilus 10.46.5 

carassus, Nemachilus 10.42.86 

carbonaria, Schistura 10.34.30 

carletoni, Nemacheilus 10.34.31 

carletoni, Schistura 10.34.31 

carnaticus, Cobitis 4.10.16 

caspia, Cobitis 4.20.5 

caspia, Sabanejewia 4.20.5 

cataracta, Schistura 10.34.32 

cataractus, Lepidocephalus 4.10.5 

caucasica, Cobitis 4.20.6 

caucasica, Sabanejewia 4.20.6 

caucasicus, Nemachilus 10.4.2 

caudipunctata, Botia 2.8.1 

caudipunctata, Yasuhikotakia 2.8.1 

caudofurca, Barbatula 10.34.33 

caudofurca, Schistura 10.34.33 

caudofurcatus, Lepidocephalus 4.10.8 

cestoideus, Misgurnus 4.13.4 

ceyhanensis, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.9 

ceyhanensis, Schistura 10.25.15, 10.25.32 

ceyhanensis, Schistura 10.25.9, 10.25.38 

chandagaitensis, Triplophysa 10.42.37 

changtingensis, Pseudogastromyzon 8.15.1 

cha-ny, Cobitis 2.4.11 

chapaensis, Nemacheilus 10.34.34 

chapaensis, Schistura 10.34.34 


chapaensis, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.1 

chekianensis, Homaloptera 8.17.14 

cheni, Nemacheilus 2.4 

cheni, Pseudogastromyzon 8.15.2 

chenyiyui, Crossostoma 8.4.1 

chenyiyui, Formosania 8.4.1 

chindwinensis, Physoschistura 10.30.2 

chindwinica, Schistura 10.34.35 

chindwinicus, Nemacheilus 10.34.35 

chini, Neogastromyzon 8.10.2 

chlorosoma, Cobitis 10.2.9 

Choia 4.7 

choii, Cobitis 4.5.10, 4.5.27 

choirorhynchos, Cobitis 4.2.1 

chondrostoma, Nemachilus 10.42.18 

chondrostoma, Triplophysa 10.42.18 

choprai, Indotriplophysa 10.14.1 

choprai, Nemachilus 10.14.1 

Chopraia 7.7.7 

— rupicola 7.7, 7.7.3 

choresmi, Nemachilus 10.7.1 

Chromobotia 2.3 

— macracanthus 2.3.1 

chryseus, Nemacheilus 10.34.47 

chrysicristinae, Paraschistura 10.28.3 

chrysicristinae, Schistura 10.28.3 

chrysolaimos, Cobitis 10.21.5 

chrysolaimos, Nemacheilus 10.21.5 

chui, Yunnanilus 10.46.6 

cincticauda, Cobitis 10.34.36 

cincticauda, Schistura 10.34.36 

cinerea, Cobites 10.21.7 

cingulata, Serpenticobitis 9.1.1 

cinica, Barbatula 10.25.10 

cinicus, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.10 

cinnamomea, Cobitis 4.16, 4.16.25 

cinnamomea, Vaillantella 3.1.1 

cirrhifurcata, Cobitis 4.13.1 

citrauratea, Botia 2.4.1 

Claea 10.5 

— dabryi 10.5.1, 10.42.6 

— niulanjiangensis 10.5.2 

clatrata, Schistura 10.34.37 

cleopatra, Nemacheilus 10.21.6 

cobdoensis, Barbatula 10.4.4 

cobdonensis, Barbatula 10.4.3 

cobdonensis, Nemachilus 10.4.3 

Cobites 10.4 

— argentata 10.2.2 

— cinerea 10.21.7 

— obscura 10.34.157, 10.34.189 

Cobitichthys 4.10 

— dichachrous 4.13.1 

— enalios 4.13.1 

— polynema 4.13.1 

Cobitidae 4 

Cobitinula 4.5 

— anatoliae 4.5, 4.5.61 

Cobitis 4, 4.5 

— ajdan 4.13.4 

179 

Cobitis albicoloris 4.20.4 

— amnicola 4.4.1 

— amphilekta 4.5.4 

— anguillicaudata 4.13.1 

— arachthosensis 4.5.5 

— aralensis 4.20.1 


— arenata 10.2.2 

— argyrogramma 10.25.4 

— aurata 4.20.1 

— balcanica 4.20, 4.20.2 

— balgara 4.10.9 

— barbatula 10.4, 10.4.2 

— barbatuloides 4.10, 4.10.4 

— battalgili 4.5.41 

— bifurcata 4.13.1 

— bilineata 4.5.6 

— bilseli 4.5, 4.5.7 

— bilturio 10.2.2 

— bimucronata 10.2.2 

— biwae 4.5.8 

— bosniaca 4.20.2 

— botia 10.2.2 

— boutanensis 10.26.1 

— bulgarica 4.20.4 

— calderoni 4.5.9 

— carnaticus 4.10.16 

— caspia 4.20.5 

— caucasica 4.20.6 

— cha-ny 2.4.11 

— chlorosoma 10.2.9 

— choii 4.5.10, 4.5.27 

— choii 

— choirorhynchos 4.2.1 

— chrysolaimos 10.21.5 

— cincticauda 10.34.36 

— cinnamomea 4.16, 4.16.25 

— cirrhifurcata 4.13.1 

— conspersa 4.20.8 

— corica 10.21.7 

— cucura 4.4.1 

— curta 2.5.4 

— dalmatina 4.5.11 

— danubialis 4.5.15 

— dario 2.2, 2.2.3 

— decemcirrosus 4.13.1 

— delicata 4.15, 4.15.1 

— dolichorhynchus 4.5.12 

— dorsalis 10.42.24 

— elata 4.20.2 

— elazigensis 4.5.13 

— elegans 10.42.27 

— elongata 4.5, 4.5.14, 4.5.48, 4.20.2 

— elongatoides 4.5.15 

— erythropterus 4.13.1 

— evreni 4.5.16 

— fahireae 4.5.17 

— faridpaki 4.5.18 

— fasciata 10.21, 10.21.9 

— fossilis 4.13, 4.13.3

Cobitis frenata 10.25.16 

— furstenbergii 10.4.2, 10.4.2 

— galilaea 10.25, 10.25.17 

— geto 2.2.3 

— gibbosa 10.2.2 

— gladkovi 4.5.19, 4.5.34 

— gongota 4.4.1 

— grandis 2.7 

— granoei 4.5.48 

— guntea 4.10.9 

— guttata 4.5.3, 4.10.9 

— haasi 4.5.40 

— haematopterus 4.13.1 

— hankugensis 4.5.20 

— hasselti 4.10, 4.10.10 

— hellenica 4.5.21 

— heteroclita 10.4 

— he-tsieou 4.13.1 

— hohenackeri 4.20.1 

— hymenophysa 2.7.4 

— illyrica 4.5.22 

— insignis 10.25.20 

— jadovaensis 4.5.23 

— jaklesii 10.21.10 

— japonica 4.5.8 

— kellei 4.5.24 

— keyvani 4.5.25 

— koreensis 4.6, 4.6.2 

— kuhlii 4.16.16 

— kurui 4.5.62 

— lachnostoma 4.5.1 

— laoensis 4.5.26 

— larvata 4.20.8 

— laterimaculata 4.15.2 

— lebedevi 4.5.27 

— leopardus 10.25.31 

— levantina 4.5.28 

— linea 4.5.29 

— longicauda 10.26, 10.26.4 

— longicorpus 4.6.3 

— longimanus 4.5 

— longitaeniatus 4.5.26 

— lutheri 4.5.30 

— macracanthus 2.3, 2.3.1 

— macrochir 4.11, 4.11.1 

— macrorhynchos 4.2.1 

— macrostigma 4.5.31 


— malapterura 10.26, 10.26.5 

— marmorata 10.42.65 

— maroccana 4.5.32 

— matsubarae 4.5.33 

— maya 4.10.9 

— megaspila 4.5.15 

— melanoleuca 4.5.19, 4.5.34, 4.5.48 

— merga 10.25.28 


— microcephala 4.5.36 

— microps 10.42.68 

— micropus 4.13.1 


Cobitis misgurnoides 4.12, 4.12.1 

— mohoity 4.13.4 

— monocera 10.2.2 

— montana 4.20.2 

— montanus 4.20.2, 10 

— mooreh 10.2.4 

— multifasciatus 4.7.2 

— multimaculata 4.5.37 

— mysorensis 4.10.16 

— narentana 4.5.38 

— nuicocensis 4.12.1 

— nurga 10.25.28 

— ny-tsieou 4.13.1 

— oblonga 4.16.24 

— obscura 10.34 

— ocellata 10.2.2 

— octocirrhus 4.10.10 

— oculata 4.4.1 

— ohridana 4.5.39 

— olivai 4.5.48 

— pacifica 4.6.4 

— paludica 4.5.40 

— paludicola 4.5.40 

— pangia 4.16.25 

— panthera 10.25.31 

— parisiensis 10.4.2 

— pavonacea 10.2.5 

— pectoralis 4.13.1 

— persa 10.25, 10.25.33 

— peschevi 4.5.54 

— pfeifferi 10.21.25 

— phoxocheila 4.10.9 

— phrygica 4.5.41 

— pictava 10.4.2 

— pironae 10.4.2 

— poecilopleura 4.5 

— pontica 4.5.42 

— psammismus 4.13.1 

— pumilus 4.6.5 

— puncticulata 4.5.43 

— punctilineata 4.5.44 

— puta 4.5.6 

— radnensis 4.20.2 

— rara 4.5.45 

— rhodopensis 4.5.54 

— romanica 4.20.9 

— rossomeridionalis 4.5.57 

— rotundicaudata 4.8, 4.8.2 

— rubidipinnis 4.10.16, 4.13.1, 10.2.7 

— rubripinnis 4.10.16, 4.13.1 

— ruppelli 10.22 

— rupelli 10.22.1 

— satunini 4.5.46 

— savona 10.34.157 

— schlegeli 4.5.8 

— semizonata 10.2.7 

— septa 4.5.6 

— shikokuensis 4.5.47 

— sibirica 4.5.34, 4.5.48 

— simplicispina 4.5, 4.5.13, 4.5.41, 4.5.49 

180 

Cobitis sinensis 4.5.50 

— spiloptera 10.34.176 

— spilura 4.5.55 

— splendens 4.5.51 

— squataeniatus 4.5.64 

— stephanidisi 4.5.52 

— stolickai 10.42.100 

— striata 4.5.53 

— strumicae 4.5.54 

— suborbitalis 10.21.9 

— taenia 4.5, 4.5.55, 10.4 

— taenioides 4.5.55 

— takatsuensis 4.5.56 

— tanaitica 4.5.57 

— taurica 4.5.58 

— tenuicauda 10.14.5 

— tesselatus 4.20.4 

— tetralineata 4.5.59 

— thermalis 4.10.16 

— tigris 10.25.41 

— toni 10.4.15 

— trichonica 4.5.60 

— turcica 4.5.61 

— turio 10.2.2 

— uranoscopus 10.42.107 

— vallachica 4.20.10 

— vardarensis 4.5.62 

— variabilis 10.4.2 

— variegata 2.4, 2.4.1 

— vettonica 4.5.63 

— victoriae 4.5.40 

— vitoriae 4.5.40 

— vittata 10.42.65 

— yeni 4.5 

— ylengensis 4.5.64 

— zanandreai 4.5.65 

— zhejiangensis 4.5.66 

— zonalternans 10.2, 10.2.9 

Cobitophis 4.16 

— perakensis 4.16.5 

compactus, Erromyzon 8.3.2 

compressicauda, Botia 2.4.13 

compressirostris, Barbatula 10.4.4 

compressirostris, Nemachilus 10.4.4 

confluens, Hemimyzon 7.5.1 

confuzona, Homaloptera 7.6.2 

coniptera, Triplophysa 10.42.19 

conipterus, Nemachilus 10.42.19 

conirostris, Nemachilus 10.34.38 

conirostris, Schistura 10.34.38 

conjungens, Nemachilus 10.16.4 

conspersa, Cobitis 4.20.8 

contractus, Gastromyzon 8.5.6 

coreanus, Elxis 10.17.1 

corica, Cobitis 10.21.7 

corica, Nemacheilus 10.21.7 

cornusaccus, Gastromyzon 8.5.7 

coromandelensis, Lepidocephalichthys 

4.10.6 

coruscans, Schistura 10.34.39

costata, Diplophysa 10.17.1 

costata, Lefua 10.17.1 

crabro, Schistura 10.34.40 

cranbrooki, Gastromyzon 8.5.8 

crassicauda, Indotriplophysa 10.14.2 

crassicauda, Nemachilus 10.14.2 

crassicauda, Vanmanenia 8.17.7 

crassilabris, Triplophysa 10.42.20 

crassiobex, Neogastromyzon 8.10.3 

crassipedunculatus, Oreias 10.5.1 

crenastus, Gastromyzon 8.5.9 

cristata, Metaschistura 10.19.1 

cristatus, Nemacheilus 10.19, 10.19.1 

crossochilus, Misgurnus 4.13.1 

Crossostoma 8, 8.4 

— chenyiyui 8.4.1 

— davidi 8.4, 8.4.2 

— fangi 8.15, 8.15.3 

— fascicauda 8.4.3 

— fasciolatus 8.4.4 

— foochowensis 8.4.2 

— galericula 8.4.5 

— lacustre 8.4.6 

— paucisquama 8.4.7 

— stigmata 8.4.8 

— tengi 8.4.9 

— tinkhami 8.4.10 

Crossostominae 8 

cruciatus, Micronemacheilus 10.20.1 

cruciatus, Nemacheilus 10.20, 10.20.1 

cryptofasciata, Schistura 10.34.41 

Cryptotora 7.4 

— thamicola 7.4.1 

ctenocephalus, Gastromyzon 8.5.10 

cucura, Cobitis 4.4.1 

cueljuensis, Nemachilus 10.42.25 

cuneicephala, Triplophysa 10.42.21 

cuneicephalus, Barbatula 10.42.21 

cuneovirgata, Pangio 4.16.9 

cuneovirgatus, Acanthophthalmus 4.16.9 

curta, Cobitis 2.5.4 

curtistigma, Schistura 10.34.13, 10.34.42 

curtus, Parabotia 2.5.4 

cyclica, Beaufortia 8.2.2, 8.2.4 

cyri, Nemachilus 10.25.11 

cyri, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.11 

D 

dabryanus, Paramisgurnus 4.13.1, 4.18, 

4.18.1 

dabryi, Claea 10.5.1, 10.42.6 

dabryi, Oreias 10.5, 10.5.1 

dabryi, Schistura 10.5.1 

dalaica, Diplophysa 14.40.22 

dalaica, Triplophysa 10.42.22 

dalatensis, Schistura 10.34.43 

dalmatina, Cobitis 4.5.11 

danubialis, Cobitis 4.5.15 

danumensis, Gastromyzon 8.5.11 

daon, Beaufortia 8.2.3 


daon, Gastromyzon 8.2.3 

daon, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.2 

daqiaoensis, Triplophysa 10.42.23 

dario, Botia 2.2.3 

dario, Cobitis 2.2, 2.2.3 

dattai, Noemacheilus 10.34.184 

daubentoni, Schistura 10.34.44 

davidi, Crossostoma 8.4, 8.4.2 

davidi, Formosania 8.4.2 

dayi, Botia 2.2.7 

dayi, Nemachilus 10.34.47 

deansmarti, Schistura 10.34.45 

decemcirrosus, Cobitis 4.13.1 

defectiva, Schistura 10.34.46 

deignani, Noemacheilus 10.34.87 

delacouri, Oreoglanis 7.7.4 

delicata, Cobitis 4.15, 4.15.1 

delicata, Niwaella 4.15.1 

delphax, Acanthopsoides 4.1.1 

denisoni, Nemacheilus 10.34.47 

denisoni, Schistura 10.34.47, 10.34.111 

denudata, Glaniopsis 8.6.1 

desmotes, Nemacheilus 10.34.48 

desmotes, Schistura 10.34.48 

deterrai, Nemachilus 10.42.34 

Deuterophysa 10.42 

devdevi, Nemachilus 10.34.49 

devdevi, Schistura 10.34.49 

dezeensis, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.3 

dgebuadzei, Barbatula 10.4.5 

dgebuadzei, Orthrias 10.4.5 

diabolica, Barbucca 6.1, 6.1.1 

Diacantha 2.2 

Diacanthus 2.2 

dialuzona, Acantopsis 4.2, 4.2.1 

dianchiensis, Sphaerophysa 10.38, 10.38.1 

diardi, Sewellia 8.16, 8.16.4 

Diardichthys 8.16 

dibruensis, Lepidocephalus 4.10.9 

dichachrous, Cobitichthys 4.13.1 

Didymophysa 10.42 

Dienbienia 7.5 

— namnuaensis 7.5, 7.5.11 

diminuta, Schistura 10.34.50 

dingi, Triplophysa 10.42.15 

Diplophysa costata 10.17.1 

— dalaica 14.40.22 

— herzensteini 10.16.2 


— kungessana 10.42, 10.42.51 

— labiata 10.16, 10.16.4 

— microphthalma 10.16.5, 10.42.67 

— nasalis 10.16.1 

— papillosolabiata 10.42.78 

— pedaschenkoi 10.42.82 

— stewarti 10.42.99 

— strauchii 10.42, 10.42.101 

Diplophysoides 10.42 

discoloris, Yunnanilus 10.46.7 

disparis, Liniparhomaloptera 8.9.1 

181 

disparis, Parhomaloptera 8.9, 8.9.1 

disparizona, Schistura 10.34.51 

dixoni, Nemacheilus 10.17.1 

djaggasteensis, Nemachilus 10.42.22 

doiranica, Sabanejewia 4.20.2 

dolichopterus, Lepturichthys 7.10.1 

dolichorhynchus, Cobitis 4.5.12 

doonensis, Noemacheilus 10.34.52 

doonensis, Schistura 10.34.52 

dori, Orthrias 10.25.20 

doriae, Eucirrhichthys 4.16, 4.16.10 

doriae, Pangio 4.16.10 

dorsalis, Cobitis 10.42.24 

dorsalis, Triplophysa 10.42.24 

dorsaloides, Nemacheilus 10.42.106 

dorsizona, Schistura 10.34.53 

dorsonotata, Triplophysa 10.42.25, 

10.42.100 

dorsonotatus, Nemachilus 10.42.25 

Draconectes 10.6 

Draconectes narinosus 10.6.1 

drassensis, Noemacheilus 10.42.26 

drassensis, Triplophysa 10.42.26 

dubia, Schistura 10.34.54 

dubius, Parabotia 2.5.5 

dunckeri, Nemachilus 10.21.25 

Dzihunia 10.7 

— amudarjensis 10.7.1 

— ilan 10.7.2 

— turdakovi 10.7.3 

E 

ecdyonuroides, Hemimyzon 7.5.2 

echigonia, Lefua 10.17.2 

eddsi, Balitora 7.1.4 

edsinica, Triplophysa 10.40.2 

edsinicus, Tarimichthys 10.40.2 

elakatis, Yunnanilus 10.46.8 

elata, Cobitis 4.20.2 

elazigensis, Cobitis 4.5.13 

elegans, Cobitis 10.42.27 

elegans, Triplophysa 10.42.27 

elegantissimus, Nemacheilus 10.21.8 

Ellopostoma 5, 5.1 

— megalomycter 5.1.1 

— mystax 5.1.2 

Ellopostomatidae 5 

elongata, Balitora 7.5.3 

elongata, Beaufortia 8.2.4 

elongata, Botia 2.4, 2.4.1, 2.5.5 

elongata, Cobitis 4.5, 4.5.14, 4.5.48, 4.20.2 

elongata, Leptobotia 2.4.1, 2.4.7 

elongata, Pangio 4.16.11 

elongata, Physoschistura 10.30.3 

elongata, Sewellia 8.16.5 

elongata, Travancoria 7.14.1 

elongatoides, Cobitis 4.5.15 

elongatus, Aborichthys 10.1.1, 10.30.3 

elongatus, Gastromyzon 8.2.4 

elongatus, Hemimyzon 7.5.3

elongatus, Misgurnus 4.13.1 

elongatus, Nemachilus 10.1.1, 10.30.3, 

10.42.77 

elongatus, Oreonectes 10.24.1 

Elxis 10.17 

— coreanus 10.17.1 

— nikkonis 10.17, 10.17.4 

— sabanus 10.39.2 

embalohensis, Gastromyzon 8.5.12 

enalios, Cobitichthys 4.13.1 

Enobarbichthys 4.10 

Enobarbus 4.10 

Eonemachilus 10.8, 10.46 

— longidorsalis 10.8.1 

— nigromaculatus 10.8.2 

— yangzonghaiensis 10.8.3 

eos, Botia 2.8.2 

eos, Yasuhikotakia 2.8.2 

ephelis, Schistura 10.34.55 

ercisianus, Orthrias 10.25.12 

ercisianus, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.12 

erdali, Barbatula 10.25.13 

erdali, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.13 

eregliensis, Orthrias 10.25.14 

eregliensis, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.14 

erhaiensis, Homatula 10.11.4 

erhaiensis, Paracobitis 10.11.4 

erikssoni, Misgurnus 4.13.4 

Erromyzon 8.3 

— compactus 8.3.2 

— pachychilus 8.3.1 

— sinensis 8.3.3 

— yangi 8.3.4 

erythrinna, Nemacheilus 10.4.2 

erythropterus, Cobitis 4.13.1 

erythrorhina, Balitora 7.6.5 

eubranchus, Hypergastromyzon 8.7.1 

Eucirrhichthys 4.16 

— doriae 4.16, 4.16.10 

euepiptera, Vaillantella 3.1.2 

euepipterus, Nemacheilus 3.1, 3.1.2 

eugeniae, Indotriplophysa 10.14.3 

eugeniae, Triplophysa 10.14.3 

euphraticus, Noemacheilus 10.25.4 

evezardi, Indoreonectes 10.13.1 

evezardi, Nemacheilus 10.13.1 

evreni, Cobitis 4.5.16 

evreni, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.15 

evreni, Schistura 10.25.9, 10.25.15, 

10.25.32, 10.25.38 

extrorsus, Gastromyzon 8.5.13 

F 

fahireae, Cobitis 4.5.17 

fangi, Botia 2.4.10 

fangi, Crossostoma 8.15, 8.15.3 

fangi, Pseudogastromyzon 8.15.3 

faridpaki, Cobitis 4.5.18 

farragus, Gastromyzon 8.5.14 

farsicus, Orthrias 10.25.33 


farwelli, Nemachilus 10.42.28 

farwelli, Triplophysa 10.42.28 

fasciata, Cobitis 10.21, 10.21.9 

fasciata, Homaloptera 7.7.6 

fasciata, Parabotia 2.5 

fasciata, Schistura 10.34.56 

fasciatus, Acanthophthalmus 4.16, 4.16.16 

fasciatus, Gastromyzon 8.5.15 

fasciatus, Nemacheilus 10.21.9 

fasciatus, Noemacheilus 10.21.9 

fasciatus, Parabotia 2.5.6 

fasciatus, Pseudogastromyzon 8.15.4 

fasciatus, Psilorhynchus 8.15.4 

fascicauda, Crossostoma 8.4.3 

fascicauda, Formosania 8.4.3 

fascimaculata, Schistura 10.34.57 

fasciolata, Beaufortia 8.2.16 

fasciolata, Formosania 8.4.4 

fasciolata, Homaloptera 10.34.58 

fasciolata, Schistura 10.34.58 

fasciolatus, Crossostoma 8.4.4 

fedtschenkoae, Nemachilus 10.42.107 

filinaris, Pangio 4.16.12 

fimbriata, Homaloptera 7.10, 7.10.2 

fimbriatus, Lepturichthys 7.10.2 

finis, Schistura 10.34.59 

flavicauda, Canthophrys 2.2.3 

flavicorpus, Triplophysa 10.42.29 

flavofasciata, Vaillantella 3.1.3 

flavolineata, Leptobotia 2.4.2 

flavus, Nemachilus 10.25 

foochowensis, Crossostoma 8.4.2 

forkicaudalis, Yunnanilus 10.46.14 

formosa, Botia 2.7.5 

formosana, Homaloptera 7.5, 7.5.4 

Formosania 8.4 

— chenyiyui 8.4.1 

— davidi 8.4.2 

— fascicauda 8.4.3 


— galericula 8.4.5 

— gilberti 8.4.6 

— lacustris 8.4.6 

— paucisquama 8.4.7 

— stigmata 8.4.8 

— tengi 8.4.9 

— tinkhami 8.4.10 

— yaoshanensis 8.17.11 

formosanum, Homaloptera 8.4.6 

formosanus, Hemimyzon 7.5.4 

formosanus, Misgurnus 4.13.1 

fossilis, Cobitis 4.13, 4.13.3 

fossilis, Misgurnus 4.13.3 

fowleri, Barbatula 10.4.8 

fowlerianus, Noemacheilus 10.34.162 

frenata, Cobitis 10.25.16 

frenatus, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.16 

fukien, Misgurnus 4.13.1 

furcatus, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.7 

furcatus, Oreias 10.5.1 

182 

furcocaudalis, Oreonectes 10.24.2 

furstenbergii, Cobitis 10.4.2 

furva, Triplophysa 10.42.30 

fusca, Apua 4.16, 4.16.13 

fusca, Pangio 4.16.13 

fusinotata, Schistura 10.34.60 

fuxianensis, Triplophysa 10.42.31 

G 

galericula, Crossostoma 8.4.5 

galericula, Formosania 8.4.5 

galilaea, Cobitis 10.25, 10.25.17 

galilaeus, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.17 

gangetica, Schistura 10.34.61 

gangeticus, Noemacheilus 10.34.61 

ganheensis, Yunnanilus 10.46.9 

garoensis, Aborichthys 10.1.2 

Gastromyzon 8, 8.5 

— aequabilis 8.5.1 

— aeroides 8.5.2 

— auronigrus 8.5.3 

— bario 8.5.4 

— borneensis 8.5, 8.5.5 

— buas 8.2.1 

— contractus 8.5.6 

— cornusaccus 8.5.7 

— cranbrooki 8.5.8 

— crenastus 8.5.9 

— ctenocephalus 8.5.10 

— danumensis 8.5.11 

— daon 8.2.3 

— elongatus 8.2.4 

— embalohensis 8.5.12 

— extrorsus 8.5.13 

— farragus 8.5.14 


— ingeri 8.5.16 

— introrsus 8.5.17 

— katibasensis 8.5.18 

— kweichowensis 8.2.7 

— lepidogaster 8.5.19 

— leveretti 8.2, 8.2.8 

— loos 8.2.10 

— megalepis 8.5.20 

— monticola 8.5.21 

— ocellatus 8.5.22 

— ornaticauda 8.5.23 

— pariclavis 8.5.24 

— pauciradiatus 8.10.6 

— pingi 8.2.12 

— praestans 8.5.25 

— psiloetron 8.5.26 

— punctulatus 8.5.27 

— ridens 8.5.28 

— russulus 8.5.29 

— scitulus 8.5.30 

— spectabilis 8.5.31 

— stellatus 8.5.32 


— umbrus 8.5.33

Gastromyzon venustus 8.5.34 

— viriosus 8.5.35 

— zebrinus 8.5.36 

— zebroidus 8.2.16 

Gastromyzontidae 8 

geisleri, Schistura 10.34.62 

gejiuensis, Noemacheilus 10.42.32 

gejiuensis, Triplophysa 10.42.32 

genilepis, Paranemachilus 10.27, 10.27.1 

germencica, Barbatula 10.25.18 

germencicus, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.18 

gerzeensis, Triplophysa 10.42.33 

geto, Cobitis 2.2.3 

ghazniensis, Noemacheilus 10.26.2 

ghazniensis, Paracobitis 10.26.2 

gibbosa, Cobitis 10.2.2 

gibbusnazus, Nemachilus 10.25.7 

gigantea, Botia 2.6.2 

gilberti, Formosania 8.4.6 

gladkovi, Cobitis 4.5.19, 4.5.34 

Glaniopsini 8 

Glaniopsis 8, 8.6 

— denudata 8.6.1 

— gossei 8.6.2 

— hanitschi 8.6, 8.6.3 

— multiradiata 8.6.4 

globiceps, Schistura 10.34.63 

goaensis, Acanthophthalmus 4.16.14 

goaensis, Pangio 4.16.14 

goalparensis, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.8 

Gobius pa-che-tsee-yu 8.17.12 

— tsin-ting-yu 7.5.16 

Gojeb 10 

golubtsovi, Barbatula 10.4.3, 10.4.4, 10.4.6 

golubtsovi, Orthrias 10.4.6 

gongota, Canthophrys 4.4.1 

gongota, Cobitis 4.4.1 

gossei, Glaniopsis 8.6.2 

gracilentus, Acanthopsoides 4.1.2 

gracilentus, Neacanthopsis 4.1, 4.1.2 

gracilicauda, Beaufortia 8.2.7 

gracilis, Acanthopsoides 4.1, 4.1.3 

gracilis, Nemacheilus 10.42.34 

gracilis, Triplophysa 10.42.34 

grahami, Nemachilus 10.42.35 

grahami, Triplophysa 10.42.35 

grandis, Botia 2.2.1, 2.7 

grandis, Cobitis 2.7 

grandis, Schistura 2.7 

grangeri, Misgurnus 4.13.1 

granoei, Cobitis 4.5.48 

griffithii, Nemachilus 10.42.36 

griffithii, Triplophysa 10.42.36 

griswoldi, Progastromyzon 8.14, 8.14.3 

griswoldi, Protomyzon 8.14.3 

grummorum, Hedinichthys 10.9.1 

guananensis, Oreonectes 10.24.7 

guentheri, Lepturichthys 7.10.2 

guentheri, Mesonoemacheilus 10.18.1 

guentheri, Nemacheilus 10.18.1 


guilinensis, Leptobotia 2.4.3 

guishanensis, Paralepidocephalus 4.17 

gundriseri, Triplophysa 10.42.37 

guntea, Cobitis 4.10.9 

guntea, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.9 

guttata, Cobitis 4.5.3, 4.10.9 

guttatus, Acantopsis 4.5.3 

gymnetrus, Vanmanenia 8.17.8 

gymnogaster, Homaloptera 7.8.2 

gymnogaster, Homalopterula 7.8.2 

Gyrinocheilidae 1 

Gyrinocheilops 1.1 

— pennocki 1.1, 1.1.2 

Gyrinocheilus 1, 1.1 

— aymonieri 1.1.1 

— kaznakovi 1.1.1 

— monchadskii 1.1.1 

— pennocki 1.1.2 

— pustulosus 1.1, 1.1.3 

H 

haarlovi, Nemacheilus 10.28.6 

haasi, Cobitis 4.5.40 

haematopterus, Cobitis 4.13.1 

hagiangensis, Paracobitis 10.34.64 

hagiangensis, Schistura 10.34.64 

hagiangensis, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.4 

hainan, Misgurnus 4.13.1 

hainanensis, Vanmanenia 8.17.9 

haithanhi, Balitora 7.1.5 

hamwii, Nemacheilus 10.25.19 

hamwii, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.19 

hangshuiensis, Metahomaloptera 7.11.1 

hanitschi, Glaniopsis 8.6, 8.6.3 

hankugensis, Cobitis 4.5.20 

hansuiensis, Leptobotia 2.4.13 

hapalias, Acanthopsoides 4.1.4 

harnaiensis, Noemacheilus 10.34.65 

harnaiensis, Schistura 10.34.65 

hasselti, Cobitis 4.10, 4.10.10 

hasselti, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.10 

hazaraensis, Nemacheilus 10.42.36 

Hedinichthys 10.9, 10.42 

— grummorum 10.9.1 

— macropterus 10.9.2 

— minutus 10.9.3 

— yarkandensis 10.9.2, 10.9.4 

Helgia 7.6 

— bilineata 7.6 

— modesta 7.7.1 

hellenica, Cobitis 4.5.21 

helodes, Botia 2.7.3 

helodes, Syncrossus 2.7.3 

Hemimyzon 7, 7.5 

— confluens 7.5.1 

— ecdyonuroides 7.5.2 


— formosanus 7.5.4 

— khonensis 7.5.5 

— macroptera 7.5.6 

183 

Hemimyzon macropterus 7.5.6 

— megalopseos 7.5.7 

— nanensis 7.5.8 

— nujiangensis 7.5.9 

— papilio 7, 7.5.10 

— pengi 7.5.11 

— pumilicorpora 7.5.12 

— sheni 7.5.13 

— songamensis 7.1.5 

— taitungensis 7.5.14 


— yaotanensis 7.5.16 

— zebroidus 8.15, 8.15.4 

Heminoemacheilus 10.8, 10.10, 10.36, 10.46 

— hyalinus 10.10.1 

— zhengbaoshani 10.10, 10.10.2 

hengyangensis, Leptobotia 2.4.4 

herrei, Mesonoemacheilus 10.18.2 

herzensteini, Diplophysa 10.16.2 

herzensteini, Labiatophysa 10.16.2 

heterocheila, Parabotia 2.5.7 

heterocheilus, Parabotia 2.5.7 

heteroclita, Cobitis 10.4 

heterognathos, Schistura 10.35.2 

heterognathos, Sectoria 10.35.2 

heterolepis, Homaloptera 7.8.3 

heterolepis, Homalopterula 7.8.3 

heteroura, Balitora 7.1.5 

he-tsieou, Cobitis 4.13.1 

heungchow, Misgurnus 4.13.1 

hexafurca, Botia 2.6.4 

hexaocellum, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.1 

hexiensis, Nemachilus 10.42.38 

hexiensis, Triplophysa 10.42.38, 10.42.100 

heyangensis, Triplophysa 10.42.39 

hialmari, Triplophysa 10.42.40 

himachalensis, Noemacheilus 10.34.66 

himachalensis, Schistura 10.34.66 

himalaya, Turcinoemacheilus 10.45.1 

hingi, Homaloptera 10.34.67 

hingi, Schistura 10.34.67 

hipporhynchos, Kottelatlimia 4.9.1 

hispanica, Nemacheilus 10.4.11 

histrionica, Botia 2.2.4 

hoai, Oreias 10.34.68 

hoai, Schistura 10.34.68, 10.34.134 

hoffmanni, Lefua 10.17.3 

hoffmanni, Sinohomaloptera 7.1.5 

hohenackeri, Cobitis 4.20.1 

homalocephala, Vanmanenia 8.17.10 

Homalophra 7.6 

Homaloptera 7, 7.6, 8.17 

— abbreviata 7.9.1 

— amphisquamata 7.8.1 

— batek 7.2.1 

— bilineata 7.6.1 

— caldwelli 8.17.5 

— chekianensis 8.17.14 

— confuzona 7.6.2 

— fasciata 7.7.6

Homaloptera fasciolata 10.34.58 

— fimbriata 7.10, 7.10.2 

— formosana 7.5, 7.5.4 

— formosanum 8.4.6 

— gymnogaster 7.8.2 

— heterolepis 7.8.3 

— hingi 10.34.67 

— indochinensis 7.7.4 

— javanica 7.2.10 

— johorensis 7.12, 7.12.1 

— kwangsiensis 7.1, 7.1.5 

— leonardi 7.2.2 

— lepidogaster 7.8.2 

— lineata 7.7.4 

— manipurensis 7.7.3 

— maxinae 7.7.4 

— menoni 7.6.3 

— microstoma 8.12.1 

— modiglianii 7.8.4 

— monoloba 8.9.2 

— montana 7.6.4 

— multiloba 8.17.1 

— nebulosa 7.7.2 

— nigra 7.2.10 

— ocellata 7.6, 7.6.5, 7.7.6 

— ogilviei 7.6.6 

— ophiolepis 7.2.3 

— orthogoniata 7.6.7 

— parclitella 7.6.8 

— pillaii 7.6.9 


— rotundicauda 10.24, 10.24.9 

— salusur 7.6.5 

— santhamparaiensis 7.6.10 

— septemmaculata 7.2.4 

— sexmaculata 7.2.4 

— silasi 7.6.11 

— smithi 7.7.4 

— stephensoni 7.2.5 

— taiwanica 7.5.4 

— tatereganii 7.2, 7.2.6 

— tetraloba 8.17.3 

— thamicola 7.4, 7.4.1 

— tweediei 7.7.5 

— ulmeri 7.8.6 

— valenciennesi 7.7.6 

— vanderbilti 7.8.6 

— ventrosquamata 8.17.4 

— vulgaris 7.2.7 

— wassinkii 7.7, 7.7.6 

— weberi 7.2.5 

— whiteheadi 8.14, 8.14.4 

— yuwonoi 7.2.9 

— zollingeri 7.2.10 

Homalopteraeformes 7 

Homalopteridae 7 

Homalopteroides 7.7 

— modestus 7.7.1 

— nebulosus 7.7.2 

— rupicola 7.7.3 


Homalopteroides smithi 7.7.4 

— tweediei 7.7.5 

— wassinkii 7.7.6 

Homalopterula 7.8 

— amphisquamata 7.8.1 

— gymnogaster 7.8.2 

— heterolepis 7.8.3 

— modiglianii 7.8.4 

— ripleyi 7.8, 7.8.5 

— vanderbilti 7.8.6 

Homalosoma 8.17 

— stenosoma 8.17, 8.17.14 

Homatula 10.11, 10.26 

— acuticephala 10.11.1 

— anguillioides 10.11.2 

— berezowskii 10.11.3 

— erhaiensis 10.11.4 

— laxiclathra 10.11.5 

— nanpanjiangensis 10.11.7 

— oligolepis 10.11.8 

— oxygnathus 10.11.7 

— potanini 10.11.9 

— pycnolepis 10.11.10 

— variegata 10.11.11 

— wujiangensis 10.11.12 

hopeiensis, Leptobotia 2.5.6 

horae, Botia 2.8.6 

horai, Nemachilus 10.34.69 

horai, Schistura 10.34.42, 10.34.69, 

10.34.97, 10.34.163 

hsiashiensis, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.5 

hsutschouensis, Nemacheilus 10.42.41 

hsutschouensis, Triplophysa 10.42.41 

huangguoshuensis, Beaufortia 8.2.5 

huanglongensis, Triplophysa 10.42.42 

huanjiangensis, Triplophysa 10.42.43 

huapingensis, Nemacheilus 10.34.70 

huapingensis, Schistura 10.34.70 

huapingensis, Triplophysa 10.42.44 

hugowolfeldi, Iksookimia 4.6.1 

humilis, Hypergastromyzon 8.7, 8.7.2 

humilis, Nemachilus 10.34.58, 10.42.37 

huongensis, Schistura 10.34.71 

hutchinsoni, Nemachilus 10.14.7 

hutjertjuensis, Nemacheilus 10.42, 10.42.45 

hutjertjuensis, Triplophysa 10.42.45 

hyalinus, Heminoemacheilus 10.10.1 

Hymenophysa 2.2, 2.7 

— macclellandi 2.7.4 

hymenophysa, Cobitis 2.7.4 

hymenophysa, Syncrossus 2.7.4 

Hymenphysa 2.2, 2.7 

hypercorpus, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.6 

Hypergastromyzon 8.7 

— eubranchus 8.7.1 

— humilis 8.7, 8.7.2 

Hypogastromyzon 8.7 

I 

Iberocobitis 4.5 

184 

Iksookimia 4.6, 4.15 

Iksookimia hugowolfeldi 4.6.1 

— koreensis 4.6.2 

— longicorpus 4.6.3 

— pacifica 4.6.4 

— pumila 4.6.5 

— yongdokensis 4.6.6 

Ilamnemacheilus 10.12 

— longipinnis 10.12, 10.12.1 

ilan, Dzihunia 10.7.2 

ilan, Nemachilus 10.7.2 

illyrica, Cobitis 4.5.22 

imitator, Schistura 10.34.72 

implicata, Schistura 10.34.73 

incerta, Barbatula 10.34.74 

incerta, Schistura 10.34.64, 10.34.74 

incipiens, Nemachilus 10.40.3 

incipiens, Tarimichthys 10.40.3 

incognito, Pangio 4.16.15 

indochinensis, Homaloptera 7.7.4 

Indoreonectes 10.13 

— evezardi 10.13.1 

— keralensis 10.13.2 

Indotriplophysa 10.14, 10.42 

— choprai 10.14.1 

— crassicauda 10.14.2 

— eugeniae 10.14.3 

— leptosoma 10.14.4 

— tenuicauda 10.14.5 

— tenuis 10.14.6 

— yasinensis 10.14.7 

Infundibulatus 10.23 

ingeri, Gastromyzon 8.5.16 

inglisi, Nemachilus 10.34.155 

insidiosa, Katibasia 8.8, 8.8.1 

insignis, Cobitis 10.25.20 

insignis, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.4, 

10.25.20 

intermedia, Beaufortia 8.2.6 

intermedia, Diplophysa 10.42.46 

intermedia, Leptobotia 2.5.6 

intermedia, Praeformosania 8.17.12 

intermedia, Triplophysa 10.42.46 

intermedius, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.20 

introrsus, Gastromyzon 8.5.17 

iranica, Paracobitis 10.26.3 

irregularis, Schistura 10.34.75 

irrorata, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.11 

Iskandaria 10.14 

— kuschakewitschi 10.15.1 

— pardalis 10.15.2 

isostigma, Schistura 10.34.76 

ispartensis, Seminemacheilus 10.25.27, 

10.36.1 

israeliticus, Orthrias 10.25.20 

J 

jadovaensis, Cobitis 4.5.23 

jaklesii, Cobitis 10.21.10 

jaklesii, Nemacheilus 10.21.10

japonica, Cobitis 4.5.8 

jarutanini, Schistura 10.34.77 

javanica, Homaloptera 7.2.10 

javanicus, Acanthophthalmus 4.16.24 

javedi, Botia 2.2.2 

Jerdonia 4.10 

jianchuanensis, Triplophysa 10.42.47 

jiarongensis, Triplophysa 10.42.48 

jimbeyi, Nemacheilus 10.42.101 

Jinshaia 7, 7.9 

— abbreviata 7.9.1 


— sinensis 7.5.16, 7.9.3 

jinxiensis, Yunnanilus 10.46.10 

jiulongjiangensis, Pseudogastromyzon 

8.15.4 

johorensis, Homaloptera 7.12, 7.12.1 

johorensis, Neohomaloptera 7.12.1 

jonesi, Travancoria 7.14, 7.14.2 

jonklaasi, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.12 

jordanicus, Noemacheilus 10.25.20 

K 

kaffa, Afronemacheilus 10.3 

kafirnigani, Nemachilus 10.42.49 

kafirnigani, Triplophysa 10.42.49 

kaimurensis, Nemacheilus 10.21.11 

kangjupkhulensis, Nemachilus 10.34.78 

kangjupkhulensis, Schistura 10.34.78, 

10.34.113 

kangjupkhulensis, Schistura 

kangrae, Nemachilus 10.34.79 

kangrae, Schistura 10.34.79 

kapuasensis, Nemacheilus 10.21.12 

kashmirensis, Nemachilus 10.14.7 

katibasensis, Gastromyzon 8.5.18 

Katibasia 8.8 

— insidiosa 8.8, 8.8.1 

katik, Kottelatlimia 4.9.2, 4.10.15 

katik, Lepidocephalichthys 4.9, 4.9.2 

kaynaki, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.21 

kaysonei, Schistura 10.34.80 

kaznakovi, Gyrinocheilus 1.1.1 

kaznakowi, Labiatophysa 10.16.3 

kaznakowi, Triplophysa 10.16.3 

kellei, Cobitis 4.5.24 

kempi, Aborichthys 10.1, 10.1.3 

kengtungensis, Nemacheilus 10.34.81 

kengtungensis, Schistura 10.34.81 

keralensis, Indoreonectes 10.13.2 

keralensis, Oreonectes 10.13, 10.13.2 

kermanshahensis, Noemacheilus 10.25.22 

kermanshahensis, Oxynoemacheilus 

10.25.22 

kessleri, Nemachilus 10.28.4 

kessleri, Paraschistura 10.28.4 

kessleri, Schistura 10.28.6 

keyvani, Cobitis 4.5.25 

khamtanhi, Schistura 10.34.82 

khonensis, Hemimyzon 7.5.5 


khugae, Schistura 10.34.83 

kiabii, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.23 

kiangensis, Parabotia 2.5.8 

kiangsiensis, Parabotia 2.5.8 

Kichulchoia 4.7 

— brevifasciata 4.7.1 

— multifasciata 4.7.2 

kimluani, Parabotia 2.5.5 

kirinensis, Barbatula 10.4.8 

kloetzliae, Schistura 10.34.84 

kodaguensis, Schistura 10.34.85 

kohatensis, Schistura 10.34.86 

kohchangensis, Nemacheilus 10.34.87 

kohchangensis, Schistura 10.34.87 

kokshaalensis, Triplophysa 10.14 

koladynensis, Schistura 10.34.88 

kolhapurensis, Botia 2.2.8 

kongphengi, Schistura 10.34.89 

kontumensis, Schistura 10.34.90 

koreensis, Cobitis 4.6, 4.6.2 

koreensis, Iksookimia 4.6.2 

Koreocobitis 4.8 

— naktongensis 4.8.1 

— rotundicaudata 4.8.2 

kosswigi, Orthrias 10.25.24 

kosswigi, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.24 

kosswigi, Turcinoemacheilus 10.45, 10.45.2 

kottelati, Neogastromyzon 8.10.4 

Kottelatlimia 4.9 

— hipporhynchos 4.9.1 

— katik 4.9.2, 4.10.15 

— pristes 4.9.3 

kranos, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.13 

kubanica, Sabanejewia 4.20.7 

kubotai, Botia 2.2.5 

kudoii, Leptobotia 2.5.6 

kuhlii, Cobitis 4.16.16 

kuhlii, Pangio 4.16.16 

kuiperi, Nemachilus 10.21.28 

kullmanni, Triplophysa 10.42.50 

kungessana, Diplophysa 10.42, 10.42.51 

kungessana, Triplophysa 10.42.51 

kurui, Cobitis 4.5.62 

kuschakewitschi, Iskandaria 10.15.1 

kuschakewitschi, Nemachilus 10.15, 10.15.1 

kwangsiensis, Balitora 7.1.5 

kwangsiensis, Botia 2.5.6 

kwangsiensis, Homaloptera 7.1, 7.1.5 

kweichowensis, Beaufortia 8.2.7 

kweichowensis, Gastromyzon 8.2.7 

L 

labeosus, Nemacheilus 10.23 

labeosus, Neonoemacheilus 10.23.2 

labeosus, Noemacheilus 10.23.2 

labiata, Diplophysa 10.16, 10.16.4 

labiata, Labiatophysa 10.16.4 

Labiatophysa 10.16, 10.42 

— herzensteini 10.16.2 

— kaznakowi 10.16.3 

185 

Labiatophysa labiata 10.16.4 

— microphthalma 10.16.5, 10.42.67 

— nasalis 10.16.1 

Labigastromyzon 8.15 

lachnostoma, Acanthopsis 4.5.1 

lachnostoma, Cobitis 4.5.1 

lactogeneus, Nemacheilus 10.21.14 

lacusnigri, Nemachilus 10.42.52 

lacusnigri, Triplophysa 10.42.52 

lacustre, Crossostoma 8.4.6 

lacustris, Formosania 8.4.6 

lacustris, Triplophysa 10.42.53 

ladacensis, Nemachilus 10.14.5 

lancangjiangensis, Balitora 7.1.6 

lancangjiangensis, Sinohomaloptera 7.1.6 

laoensis, Cobitis 4.5.26 

laoensis, Misgurnus 4.5.26 

larvata, Cobitis 4.20.8 

larvata, Sabanejewia 4.20.8 

lateralis, Misgurnus 4.10.9 

laterimaculata, Cobitis 4.15.2 

laterimaculata, Niwaella 4.15.2 

laterimaculata, Schistura 10.34.118 

laterimaculata, Triplophysa 10.42.54 

laterivittatus, Noemacheilus 10.34.33 

laticauda, Balitora 7.1.7 

laticeps, Pseudogastromyzon 8.15.5 

laticeps, Triplophysa 10.42.55 

latidens, Schistura 10.34.91 

latifasciata, Schistura 10.34.92 

latifasciatus, Noemacheilus 10.34.92 

laxiclathra, Homatula 10.11.5 

lebedevi, Cobitis 4.5.27 

lecontei, Botia 2.8.3 

lecontei, Yasuhikotakia 2.8.3 

Lefua 10, 10.17 

— andrewsi 10.17.1 

— costata 10.17.1 

— echigonia 10.17.2 

— hoffmanni 10.17.3 

— nikkonis 10.17.4 

— pleskei 10.17.5 

— sayu 10.17.6 

Lefuini 10 

lendlii, Nemacheilus 10.36, 10.36.2 

lendlii, Seminemacheilus 10.36.2 

lenkoranensis, Nemacheilus 10.25.25 

lenkoranensis, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.25 

leonardi, Balitoropsis 7.2.2 

leonardi, Homaloptera 7.2.2 

leontinae, Nemachilus 10.25.26 

leontinae, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.26 

leopardus, Cobitis 10.25.31 

leopardus, Misgurnus 4.13.1 

lepidocaulis, Paraschistura 10.28.5 

lepidocaulis, Schistura 10.28.5 

Lepidocephalichthys 4.10 

— alkaia 4.10.1 

— annandalei 4.10.2 

— arunachalensis 4.10.3

Lepidocephalichthys barbatuloides 

4.10.4 

— berdmorei 4.10.5 

— coromandelensis 4.10.6 

— furcatus 4.10.7 

— goalparensis 4.10.8 

— guntea 4.10.9 

— hasselti 4.10.10 

— irrorata 4.10.11 

— jonklaasi 4.10.12 

— katik 4.9, 4.9.2 

— kranos 4.10.13 

— lorentzi 4.10.14 


— menoni 4.10.2 

— micropogon 4.10.15 

— nepalensis 4.10.9 

— nudus 4.10.10 

— pallens 4.11.1 

— pristes 4.9.3 

— thermalis 4.10.16 

— tomaculum 4.10.17 

— zeppelini 4.10.18 

Lepidocephalus 4.11 

— birmanicus 4.10.5 

— cataractus 4.10.5 

— caudofurcatus 4.10.8 

— dibruensis 4.10.9 

— macrochir 4.11.1 

— spectrum 4.11.2 

— taeniatus 4.10.10 

— weberi 10.21 

lepidogaster, Gastromyzon 8.5.19 

lepidogaster, Homaloptera 7.8.2 

Lepidoglanidae 8 

Lepidoglanis 8, 8.5 

— monticola 8.5, 8.5.21 

Leptobotia 1, 2.4 

— banarescui 2.5.1 

— elongata 2.4.1, 2.4.7 

— flavolineata 2.4.2 

— guilinensis 2.4.3 

— hansuiensis 2.4.13 

— hengyangensis 2.4.4 

— hopeiensis 2.5.6 


— kudoii 2.5.6 

— mantschurica 2.5.11 

— orientalis 2.4.6 

— microphthalma 2.4.5 

— pellegrini 2.4.7 

— posterodorsalis 2.4.8 

— punctata 2.4.9 

— purpurea 2.4.11 

— rubrilabris 2.4.10 

— taeniops 2.4.11 


— tientainensis 2.4.13 

Leptobotiini 1 

leptocephala, Ussuria 4.13, 4.13.4 


leptosoma, Indotriplophysa 10.14.4 

leptosoma, Nemachilus 10.14.4 

Lepturichthys 7, 7.10 

— dolichopterus 7.10.1 

— fimbriatus 7.10.2 

— guentheri 7.10.2 

— nicholsi 7.10.2 

leukensis, Schistura 10.34.93 

levantina, Cobitis 4.5.28 

leveretti, Beaufortia 8.2.8 

leveretti, Gastromyzon 8.2, 8.2.8 

lhasae, Nemachilus 10.42.98 

lianjiangensis, Pseudogastromyzon 8.15.6 

liboensis, Nemacheilus 10.42.59 

lidi, Pangio 4.16.17 

lijiangensis, Parabotia 2.5.9 

lindbergi, Noemacheilus 10.28.6 

lindbergi, Paraschistura 10.28.6 

linea, Acanthopsis 4.5.29 

linea, Cobitis 4.5.29 

lineata, Homaloptera 7.7.4 

lineata, Vanmanenia 8.17.11 

lineatus, Oreias 10.34.105 

lineolata, Balitora 8.16, 8.16.6 

lineolata, Sewellia 8.16.6 

lingyunensis, Schistura 10.42.56 

lingyunensis, Triplophysa 10.42.56 

Liniparhomaloptera 8.9 

— disparis 8.9.1 

— monoloba 8.9.2 

— obtusirostris 8.9.3 

— qiongzhongensis 8.9.4 

liui, Beaufortia 8.2.9 

lividus, Nemachilus 4.13.1 

lixianensis, Triplophysa 10.42.57 

lixianjiangensis, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.7 

lohachata, Botia 2.2.6 

longa, Schistura 10.34.94 

longchiensis, Triplophysa 10.42.1 

longianalis, Nemachilus 10.42.99 

longianguis, Triplophysa 10.42.58 

longibarba, Niwaella 4.15.3 

longibarbata, Balitora 7.1.9 

longibarbata, Paracobitis 10.42.59 

longibarbata, Triplophysa 10.42.59 

longibarbatus, Sinohomaloptera 7.1.9 

longibarbatus, Yunnanilus 10.46.11 

longibarbus, Nemachilus 10.9.4 

longibulla, Yunnanilus 10.46.12 

longicauda, Cobitis 10.26, 10.26.4 

longicauda, Metahomaloptera 7.11.2 

longicauda, Paracobitis 10.26.4 

longicorpus, Cobitis 4.6.3 

longicorpus, Iksookimia 4.6.3 

longidorsalis, Botia 2.84 

longidorsalis, Eonemachilus 10.8.1 

longidorsalis, Homatula 10.11.6 

longidorsalis, Paracobitis 10.11.6 

longidorsalis, Yasuhikotakia 2.8.4 

longidorsalis, Yunnanilus 10.8.1 

186 

longimanus, Cobitis 4.5 

longimanus, Pangio 4.16.18 

longipectoralis, Nemacheilus 10.21.13 

longipectoralis, Protonemacheilus 10.31, 

10.31.1 

longipectoralis, Triplophysa 10.42.60 

longipinnis, Acanthocobitis 10.2, 10.2.1, 

10.2.5, 10.21.14 

longipinnis, Acanthophthalmus 4.10.5 

longipinnis, Ilamnemacheilus 10.12, 10.12.1 

longipinnis, Nemacheilus 10.21.14 

Longischistura 10.34 

longistriatus, Nemacheilus 10.21.15 

longitaeniatus, Cobitis 4.5.26 

longiventralis, Botia 2.6.1 

longiventralis, Sinibotia 2.6.1 

longus, Nemachilus 10.34.94 

loos, Beaufortia 8.2.10 

loos, Gastromyzon 8.2.10 

lorentzi, Acanthophthalmus 4.10.14 

lorentzi, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.14 

lucasbahi, Botia 2.7.5 

lucasbahi, Syncrossus 2.7.5 

lucidorsum, Pteronemacheilus 10.32, 

10.32.1 

lumbriciformis, Pangio 4.16.19 

lunanensis, Noemacheilus 10 

ludongensis, Balitora 7.1.8 

lungkowensis, Paraprotomyzon 8.11.2 

luochengensis, Oreonectes 10.24.8 

lutheri, Cobitis 4.5.30 

M 

maassi, Vaillantella 3.1.3 

macclellandi, Hymenophysa 2.7.4 

macedonicus, Orthrias 10.25.8 

machensis, Noemacheilus 10.34.95 

machensis, Schistura 10.34.95 

mackenziei, Nemachilus 10.2.2 

macmahoni, Nemacheilus 10.26, 10.26.6 

macracanthus, Chromobotia 2.3.1 

macracanthus, Cobitis 2.3, 2.3.1 

macrocephala, Triplophysa 10.42.61 

macrocephalus, Schistura 10.34.83, 

10.34.96 

macrochir, Cobitis 4.11, 4.11.1 

macrochir, Lepidocephalus 4.11.1 

macrogaster, Yunnanilus 10.46.13 

macroiscalus, Yunnanilus 10.46 

macrolepis, Oreonectes 10.24.3 

macrolepis, Schistura 10.34.13, 10.34.97 

macrolepis, Yunnanilus 10.46.20 

macrolineata, Botia 2.2.3 

macromaculata, Triplophysa 10.42.62 

macrophthalma, Triplophysa 10.42.63 

macroptera, Hemimyzon 7.5.6 

macropterus, Hemimyzon 7.5.6 

macropterus, Hedinichthys 10.9.2 

macropterus, Nemachilus 10.9.2 

macrorhynchos, Cobitis 4.2.1

macrositanus, Yunnanilus 10.46.14 

macrostigma, Cobitis 4.5.31 

macrostoma, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.8 

macrotaenia, Nemacheilus 10.34.98 

macrotaenia, Schistura 10.34.98 

maculata, Balitora 7.1.2 

maculata, Cobitis 4.13.1 

maculata, Schistura 2.2.1 

maculatum, Pseudogastromyzon 8.15.8 

maculatus, Misgurnus 4.13.1 

maculatus, Platacanthus 4.10, 4.10.16 

maculiceps, Nemacheilus 10.34.99 

maculiceps, Schistura 10.34.99 

maculosa, Botia 2.5.10 

maculosus, Parabotia 2.5.10 

Madrasia 4.10 

maepaiensis, Schistura 10.34.100 

magnifluvis, Schistura 10.34.101 

mahnerti, Schistura 10.34.102 

malaisei, Schistura 10.34.103 

malapterura, Cobitis 10.26, 10.26.5 

malapterura, Paracobitis 10.26.5 

malayana, Pangio 4.16.20 

malayanus, Acanthophthalmus 4.16.20 

malloryi, Triplophysa 10.42 

mandalayensis, Acanthocobitis 10.2.3 

mandalayensis, Nemacheilus 10.2.3 

manipurensis, Homaloptera 7.7.3 

manipurensis, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.15 

manipurensis, Nemachilus 10.34.104 

manipurensis, Schistura 10.34.104 

mantschurica, Leptobotia 2.5.11 

mantschuricus, Parabotia 2.5.11 

maolanensis, Paracobitis 10.42.59 

maon, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.9 

marang, Nemacheilus 10.21.16 

mariae, Acanthopthalmus 4.16.21 

mariarum, Pangio 4.16.21 

markakulensis, Barbatula 10.4.4, 10.4.7, 

10.4.15 

markakulensis, Nemacheilus 10.4.7 

markehenensis, Nemachilus 10.42.64 

markehenensis, Triplophysa 10.42.64 

marmorata, Cobitis 10.42.65 

marmorata, Sewellia 8.16.7 

marmorata, Triplophysa 10.42.65 

maroccana, Cobitis 4.5.32 

masyae, Nemacheilus 10.21, 10.21.17 

matsubarae, Cobitis 4.5.33 

maxinae, Homaloptera 7.7.4 

maya, Cobitis 4.10.9 

maydelli, Neoeucirrhichthys 4.14, 4.14.1 

media, Sewellia 8.16.8 

mediterraneus, Barbatula 10.25.27, 10.36.1 

mediterraneus, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.27 

megalepis, Gastromyzon 8.5.20 

megalomycter, Aperioptus 5.1.1 

megalomycter, Ellopostoma 5.1.1 

megalopseos, Hemimyzon 7.5.7 

megaspila, Cobitis 4.5.15 


megastoma, Sectoria 10.35.2 

meihuashanensis, Pseudogastromyzon 

8.15.7 

melanoleuca, Cobitis 4.5.19, 4.5.34, 4.5.48 

melanosoma, Balitora 7.1.3 

melarancia, Schistura 10.34.105 

menanensis, Noemacheilus 10.34.106 

menanensis, Schistura 10.34.106 

mengdingensis, Neonoemacheilus 10.23.3 

menoni, Homaloptera 7.6.3 

menoni, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.2 

menoni, Mesonoemacheilus 10.18.3 

menoni, Noemacheilus 10.18.3 

merga, Cobitis 10.25.28 

merga, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.28 

meridionalis, Balitora 7.1.10 

meridionalis, Cobitis 4.5.35 

meridionalis, Nemachilus 10.32.2 

meridionalis, Pteronemacheilus 10.32.2 

Mesomisgurnus 4.13 

Mesonoemacheilus 10.18 


— herrei 10.18.2 

— menoni 10.18.3 

— pambarensis 10.18.4 

— petrubanarescui 10.18.5 

— pulchellus 10.18.6 

— remadevii 10.18.7 

— reticulofasciatus 10.34.151 

— triangularis 10.18.8 

Metahomaloptera 7, 7.11 

— hangshuiensis 7.11.1 

— longicauda 7.11.2 

— omeiensis 7.11, 7.11.3 

Metaschistura 10.19 

— cristata 10.19.1 

microcephala, Cobitis 4.5.36 

Microcobitis 4.12 

— misgurnoides 4.12.1 

microlabra, Paraschistura 10.28.7 

microlabra, Schistura 10.28.7 

microlepis, Vanmanenia 8.17.7 

Micronemacheilus 10.20 

— bacmeensis 10.41.2 

— cruciatus 10.20.1 

— zispi 10.41.2 

microphthalma, Diplophysa 10.16.5, 

10.42.67 

microphthalma, Labiatophysa 10.16.5, 

10.42.67 

microphthalma, Leptobotia 2.4.5 

microphthalma, Triplophysa 10.42.67 

microphthalmus, Oreonectes 10.24.4 

microphthalmus, Schistura 10.42.67 

microphysus, Nemacheilus 10.42.66 

microphysus, Triplophysa 10.42.66 

micropogon, Acanthopis 4.10.15 

micropogon, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.15 

microps, Cobitis 10.42.68 

microps, Triplophysa 10.42.11, 10.42.68 

187 

micropus, Cobitis 4.13.1 

microstoma, Homaloptera 8.12.1 

microstoma, Parhomaloptera 8.12.1 

minuta, Schistura 10.34.107 

minutum, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.10 

minutus, Hedinichthys 10.9.3 

minutus, Nemachilus 10.9.3 

minutus, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.10 

minxianensis, Nemachilus 10.42.13 

Misgurninae 4 

misgurnoides, Cobitis 4.12, 4.12.1 

misgurnoides, Microcobitis 4.12.1 

Misgurnus 4, 4.13 

— anguillicaudatus 4.13.1, 4.18.1 


— buphoensis 4.13.** 

— cestoideus 4.13.4 

— crossochilus 4.13.1 


— erikssoni 4.13.4 

— formosanus 4.13.1 

— fossilis 4.13.3 

— fukien 4.13.1 

— grangeri 4.13.1 

— hainan 4.13.1 

— heungchow 4.13.1 

— laoensis 4.5.26 

— lateralis 4.10.9 

— leopardus 4.13.1 

— maculatus 4.13.1 

— mizolepis 4.18.1 

— mohoity 4.13.4 

— multimaculatus 4.13.5 

— nikolskyi 4.13.6 

— oligolepos 4.18.1 

— olygoskolopos 4.18.1 

— punctatus 4.13.1 

— spilurus 4.13.4 

— tonkinensis 4.13.7 

— tungting 4.13.1 

— unicolor 4.13.1 

— yunnan 4.13.1 

mizolepis, Misgurnus 4.18.1 

mobbsi, Schistura 10.34.108 

modesta, Botia 2.8, 2.8.5 

modesta, Helgia 7.7.1 

modesta, Yasuhikotakia 2.8.5 

modestus, Homalopteroides 7.7.1 

Modigliania 10.21 

— papillosa 10.21, 10.21.23 

modiglianii, Homaloptera 7.8.4 

modiglianii, Homalopterula 7.8.4 

moeiensis, Schistura 10.34.109 

mohoity, Cobitis 4.13.4 

mohoity, Misgurnus 4.13.4 

molobrion, Acanthopsoides 4.1.5 

monchadskii, Gyrinocheilus 1.1.1 

monilis, Nemacheilus 10.21.18 

monocera, Cobitis 10.2.2 

monofasciodorsalata, Vanmanenia 8.17.13

monoloba, Homaloptera 8.9.2 

monoloba, Liniparhomaloptera 8.9.2 

monolobata, Parasewellia 8.16.9 

monolobata, Sewellia 8.16.9 

montana, Cobitis 4.20.2 

montana, Homaloptera 7.6.4 

montana, Schistura 10, 10.34, 10.34.79, 

10.34.110 

montanus, Cobitis 4.20.2, 10 

monticola, Gastromyzon 8.5.21 

monticola, Lepidoglanis 8.5, 8.5.21 

mooreh, Acanthocobitis 10.2.4 

mooreh, Cobitis 10.2.4 

moquensis, Triplophysa 10.42.69 

morehensis, Neonoemacheilus 10.23.4 

morleti, Botia 2.8.6 

morleti, Yasuhikotakia 2.8.6 

mugah, Nemacheilus 10.34.193 

mukambbikaensis, Noemacheilus 10.34.111 

mukambbikaensis, Schistura 10.34.47, 

10.34.111 

multifasciata, Botia 2.5.6 

multifasciata, Kichulchoia 4.7.2 

multifasciata, Schistura 10.34.112, 

10.34.155 

multifasciatus, Cobitis 4.7.2 

multifasciatus, Nemachilus 10.34.112 

multifasciatus, Paraprotomyzon 8.11, 8.11.3 

multiloba, Homaloptera 8.17.1 

multiloba, Vanmanenia 8.17.1 

multimaculata, Cobitis 4.5.37 

multimaculatus, Misgurnus 4.13.5 

multiocellata, Beaufortia 8.2.16 

multiocellum, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.11 

multiradiata, Glaniopsis 8.6.4 

multistigmatus, Acantopsis 4.2.2 

muraeniformis, Acanthophthalmus 4.16.22 

muraeniformis, Pangio 4.16.22 

myersi, Acanthophthalmus 4.16.23 

myersi, Pangio 4.16.23 

myersi, Pseudogastromyzon 8.15.8 

myrmekia, Nemacheilus 10.34.48 

mysorensis, Balitora 7.1.11 

mysorensis, Cobitis 4.10.16 

mystax, Ellopostoma 5.1.2 

N 

Naemacheilus 10.21 

nagaensis, Noemacheilus 10.34.113 

nagaensis, Schistura 10.34.113 

nagodiensis, Schistura 10.34.114 

nahangensis, Vanmanenia 8.17.2 

naktongensis, Koreocobitis 4.8.1 

nalbanti, Noemacheilus 10.28.12 

namboensis, Schistura 10.34.115 

namiri, Nemacheilus 10.25.29 

namiri, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.29 

namnaensis, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.12 

namnuaensis, Dienbienia 7.5., 7.5.11 

namromensis, Acanthopsoides 4.1.2 


nandanensis, Triplophysa 10.42.70 

nandingensis, Noemacheilus 10.34.116 

nandingensis, Schistura 10.34.116 

nanensis, Hemimyzon 7.5.8 

Nanoschistura 10.25 

nanpanjiangensis, Homatula 10.11.7 

nanpanjiangensis, Oreias 10.42.71 

nanpanjiangensis, Paracobitis 10.11.7 

nanpanjiangensis, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.13 

nanpanjiangensis, Triplophysa 10.42.71 

nanpanjiangensis, Yunnanilus 10.46.15 

nantaiensis, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.14 

nantingensis, Balitora 7.1.12 

narentana, Cobitis 4.5.38 

narinosus, Draconectes 10.6.1 

nasalis, Diplophysa 10.16.1 

nasalis, Labiatophysa 10.16.1 

naseeri, Noemacheilus 10.28.8 

naseeri, Paraschistura 10.28.8 

nasifilis, Nemachilus 10.34.117 

nasifilis, Schistura 10.34.117 

nasobarbatula, Triplophysa 10.42.72 

Naunacheilus 10.21 

naziri, Noemacheilus 10.42.36 

Neacanthopsis 4.1 

— gracilentus 4.1, 4.1.2 

nebulosa, Botia 2.2.7 

nebulosa, Homaloptera 7.7.2 

nebulosus, Homalopteroides 7.7.2 

Nemacheilidae 10 

Nemacheilos 10.21 

Nemacheilus 10, 10.21 

— abyssinicus 10.3, 10.3.1 

— acuticephalus 10.34.3 

— afghana 10.42.65 

— afrenatus 10.25.16 

— ajmonis 10.14.7 

— akhtari 10.42.1 

— alasanicus 10.25.25 

— alepidotus 10.28.1 

— alticeps 10.33, 10.33.1 

— altipedunculatus 10.34.8 

— amudarjensis 10.7, 10.7.1 

— anambarensis 10.34.10 

— angeli 10.4.8, 10.42.6 

— anglicana 10.4.2 

— angorae 10.25.2 

— anguilla 10.21.1 

— arenicolus 10.21.2 

— arunachalensis 4.10.3, 10.34.184 

— assamensis 10.23.1 

— atriceps 10.35, 10.35.1 

— aureus 10.2.4 

— badamensis 10.15.1 

— baenzigeri 10.44, 10.44.1 

— balteatus 10.34.19 

— baluchiorum 10.34.20 

— bampurensis 10.28.2 

— banar 10.21.3 

— barapaniensis 10.30.3 

188 

Nemacheilus beavani 10.34.22 

— bellibarus 10.42.11 

— berezowskii 10.11.3 

— bergi 10.25.25 

— bergianus 10.25.6 

— bertini 10.42.86 

— bhimachari 10.34.24 

— binotatus 10.21.4 

— bipartitus 4.13, 4.13.4 

— blackiana 10.4.2 

— bleekeri 10.42.12 

— blythii 10 

— bombifrons 10.40 

— brachypterus 10.42.13 

— brahui 10.42.14 

— brandtii 10.25.7 

— brevibarbus 10.9.4, 10.42.15 

— brevicauda 10.42.16 

— breviceps 

— brevis 10.29, 10.29.2 

— brunneanus 10.30, 10.30.1 

— bucculentus 10.34.27 

— bureschi 10.25.8 

— callichromus 10.34.28 

— carassus 10.42.86 

— carletoni 10.34.31 

— caucasicus 10.4.2 

— chapaensis 10.34.34 

— cheni 2.4 

— chindwinicus 10.34.35 

— chondrostoma 10.42.18 

— choprai 10.14.1 

— choresmi 10.7.1 

— chryseus 10.34.47 

— chrysolaimos 10.21.5 

— cleopatra 10.21.6 

— cobdonensis 10.4.3 

— compressirostris 10.4.4 

— conipterus 10.42.19 

— conirostris 10.34.38 

— conjungens 10.16.4 

— corica 10.21.7 


— cristatus 10.19, 10.19.1 

— cruciatus 10.20, 10.20.1 

— cueljuensis 10.42.25 

— cyri 10.25.11 

— dattai 10.34.184 

— dayi 10.34.47 

— deignani 10.34.87 

— denisoni 10.34.47 

— desmotes 10.34.48 

— deterrai 10.42.34 

— devdevi 10.34.49 

— dixoni 10.17.1 

— djaggasteensis 10.42.22 

— doonensis 10.34.52 

— dorsaloides 10.42.106 

— dorsonotatus 10.42.25 

— drassensis 10.42.26

Nemacheilus dunckeri 10.21.25 

— elegantissimus 10.21.8 

— elongatus 10.1.1, 10.30.3, 10.42.77 

— erythrinna 10.4.2 

— euepipterus 3.1, 3.1.2 

— euphraticus 10.25.4 

— evezardi 10.13.1 

— farwelli 10.42.28 


— fedtschenkoae 10.42.107 

— flavus 10.25 

— fowlerianus 10.34.162 

— gangeticus 10.34.61 

— gejiuensis 10.42.32 

— ghazniensis 10.26.2 

— gibbusnazus 10.25.7 

— gracilis 10.42.34 

— grahami 10.42.35 

— griffithii 10.42.36 


— haarlovi 10.28.6 

— hamwii 10.25.19 

— harnaiensis 10.34.65 

— hazaraensis 10.42.36 

— hexiensis 10.42.38 

— himachalensis 10.34.66 

— hispanica 10.4.11 

— horai 10.34.69 

— hsutschouensis 10.42.41 

— huapingensis 10.34.70 

— humilis 10.34.58, 10.42.37 

— hutchinsoni 10.14.7 

— hutjertjuensis 10.42, 10.42.45 

— ilan 10.7.2 

— incipiens 10.40.3 

— inglisi 10.34.155 

— jaklesii 10.21.10 

— jimbeyi 10.42.101 

— jordanicus 10.25.20 

— kafirnigani 10.42.49 

— kaimurensis 10.21.11 

— kangjupkhulensis 10.34.78 

— kangrae 10.34.79 

— kapuasensis 10.21.12 

— kashmirensis 10.14.7 

— kengtungensis 10.34.81 

— kermanshahensis 10.25.22 

— kessleri 10.28.4 

— kohchangensis 10.34.87 

— kuiperi 10.21.28 

— kuschakewitschi 10.15, 10.15.1 

— labeosus 10.23, 10.23.2 

— lactogeneus 10.21.14 

— lacusnigri 10.42.52 

— ladacensis 10.14.5 

— laterivittatus 10.34.33 

— latifasciatus 10.34.92 

— lendlii 10.36, 10.36.2 

— lenkoranensis 10.25.25 

— leontinae 10.25.26 


Nemacheilus leptosoma 10.14.4 

— lhasae 10.42.98 

— liboensis 10.42.59 

— lindbergi 10.28.6 

— lividus 4.13.1 

— longianalis 10.42.99 

— longibarbus 10.9.4 

— longipectoralis 10.21.13 

— longipinnis 10.21.14 

— longistriatus 10.21.15 

— longus 10.34.94 

— lunanensis 10 

— machensis 10.34.95 

— mackenziei 10.2.2 

— macmahoni 10.26, 10.26.6 

— macropterus 10.9.2 

— macrotaenia 10.34.98 

— maculiceps 10.34.99 

— mandalayensis 10.2.3 


— marang 10.21.16 

— markakulensis 10.4.7 

— markehenensis 10.42.64 

— masyae 10.21, 10.21.17 

— menanensis 10.34.106 

— menoni 10.18.3 


— microphysus 10.42.66 

— minutus 10.9.3 

— minxianensis 10.42.13 

— monilis 10.21.18 

— mugah 10.34.193 

— mukambbikaensis 10.34.111 

— multifasciatus 10.34.112 

— myrmekia 10.34.48 

— nagaensis 10.34.113 

— nalbanti 10.28.12 

— namiri 10.25.29 

— nandingensis 10.34.116 

— naseeri 10.28.8 

— nasifilis 10.34.117 

— naziri 10.42.36 

— nicholsi 10.34.118 

— nigromaculatus 10.8, 10.8.3 

— nilgiriensis 10.34.119 

— nordkansuensis 10.9.2 

— notostigma 10.34.121 

— nudus 10.4.8, 10.42.6 

— obesus 10.39, 10.39.1 

— obscurus 10.34.18 

— oedipus 10.34.14 

— olivaceus 10.21.19 


— ornatissimus 10.21.8 

— ornatus 10.21.20 

— oxiana 10.25 

— oxygnathus 10.11.7 

— pakistanicus 10.28.10 

— pallidus 10.21.21 

— paludani 10.28.12 

189 

Nemacheilus pambaensis 10.34.47 

— pambarensis 10.18.4 

— panguri 10.42.99 

— papillos 10.21.22 

— papillosus 10.21.23 

— pappenheimi 10.42.79 

— paradoxus 10.42.80 

— pardalis 10.15.2 

— paucifasciatus 10.34.129 

— paucimaculatus 10.21.24 

— pechiliensis 10.4.8 

— peguensis 10.23, 10.23.5 

— pellegrini 10.34.176 

— periyarensis 10.18.8 

— petrubanarescui 10.18.5 

— pfeifferae 10.21.25 

— phuketensis 10.2.9 

— plagiognathus 10.42.86 

— platiceps 10.21.26 

— pleurotaenia 10.46, 10.46.22 

— poculi 10.34.134 

— polytaenia 10.34.135 

— poonaensis 10.21.1 

— potanini 10.11, 10.11.9 

— prashadi 10.34.137 

— prashari 10.28.11 

— productus 10.14.4 

— pseudoscleropterus 10.42.84 

— pulchellus 10.18.6 

— pulcher 10.41.1 

— pulsiz 10.25.12 

— punjabensis 10.28.12 

— putaoensis 10.34.169 

— quignardi 10.4.11 

— rajasthanicus 10.34.147 

— raoe 10.30.5 

— rarus 10.34.148 

— reidi 10.34.149 

— rendahli 10.34.47 

— retropinnis 10.42.86 

— reuniens 10.42.106 

— rhadinaeus 10.26.6 

— rivulicola 10.30.6 

— robustus 10.42.87 

— rotundiventris 10.33.2 

— ruzskyi 10.42.101 

— salari 10.42.19 

— salmonides 10.29.1 

— saravacensis 10.21.27 

— sargadensis 10.28, 10.28.13 

— savona 10.34.47 

— schultzi 10.34.159 

— scleropterus 10.42.90 

— selangoricus 10.21.28 

— semiarmatus 10.34.160 

— serpentarius 7.6.1 

— sewerzowi 10.42.92 

— sexcauda 10.34.162 

— seyhanensis 10.25.37 

— shanensis 10.30.7

Nemacheilus shebbearei 10.34.165 

— shehensis 10.42.94 

— shiyangensis 10.42.96 

— shuangjiangensis 10.34.166 

— sibiricus 10.4.14, 10.4.15 

— sijuensis 10.34.168 

— sikkimensis 10 

— sikmaiensis 10.34.169 

— siluroides 10.42.97 

— singhi 10.34.171 

— sinuatus 10.2.4 

— smithi 10.26.7 

— spilotus 10.34.177 

— spiniferus 10.21.29 

— starostini 10.43, 10.43.1 

— stenurus 10.42.98 

— stigmofasciatus 10.21.30 

— striatus 10.34, 10.34.178 

— sturanyi 10.4.13 

— taeniata 10.41.2 

— taeniatus 10.41 

— tambaraparniensis 10.18.8 

— tanggulaensis 10.42.102 

— tangtianhensis 10.42.99 

— tarimensis 10.9.4 

— taurica 10.4.2 

— tebo 10.21.31 

— tenuis 10.14, 10.14.6 

— terekensis 10.25.28 

— thai 10.34.118 

— tibetanus 10.42.104 

— tomianus 10.4.14 

— tortonesei 10.25.20 

— transiens 10.42.101 

— translineatus 10.21.28 

— triangularis 10.18, 10.18.8 

— troglocataractus 10.21.32 

— tschaiyssuensis 10.25.4 

— tuberigum 10.21.33 

— turcmenicus 10.28.13 

— turcomanus 10.28.14 

— turfanensis 10.42.118 

— ulacholicus 10.42.106 

— urophthalmus 10.2.8 

— valerii 10.42.24 

— vardarensis 10.4.2 

— variegatus 10.11.11 

— vinciguerrae 10.34.188 

— waltoni 10.34.189 

— wuweiensis 10.42.110 

— xanthi 2.5.6 

— xiangxiensis 10.42.112 

— xingshanensis 10.42.114 

— yarkandensis 10.9, 10.9.4 

— yasinensis 10.14.7 

— yingjiangensis 10.34.192 

— zaidamensis 10.33.3 

— zaisanicus 10.42.101 

— zamegacephalus 10.33.4 

— zeravschani 10.25 


Nemachilichthys 10.22 

Nemachilichthys ruppelli 10.22.1 

— shimogensis 10.22.1 

Nemachilus 10.21 (see species under 

Nemacheilus) 

Nematocheilos 10.21 

Neoeucirrhichthys 4.14 

— maydelli 4.14, 4.14.1 

Neogastromyzon 8.10 

— brunei 8.10.1 

— chini 8.10.2 

— crassiobex 8.10.3 

— kottelati 8.10.4 

— nieuwenhuisii 8.10, 8.10.5 

— pauciradiatus 8.10.6 

Neohomaloptera 7.12 

— johorensis 7.12.1 

Neonoemacheilus 10.23 

— assamensis 10.23.1 

— labeosus 10.23.2 

— mengdingensis 10.23.3 

— morehensis 10.23.4 

— peguensis 10.23.5 

nepalensis, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.9 

nicholsi, Lepturichthys 7.10.2 

nicholsi, Nemacheilus 10.34.118 

nicholsi, Schistura 10.34.118 

nielseni, Paraschistura 10.28.9 

nielseni, Schistura 10.28.9 

nieuwenhuisii, Neogastromyzon 8.10, 8.10.5 

niger, Yunnanilus 10.46.16 

nigrolineata, Botia 2.1 

nigra, Homaloptera 7.2.10 

nigrocorpa, Balitora 7.1.5 

nigrolineata, Ambastaia 2.1.1 

nigrolineata, Botia 2.1.1 

nigromaculatus, Eonemachilus 10.8.2 

nigromaculatus, Nemacheilus 10.8, 10.8.2 

nikkonis, Elxis 10.17, 10.17.4 

nikkonis, Lefua 10.17.4 

nikolskyi, Misgurnus 4.13.6 

nilgiriensis, Noemacheilus 10.34.119 

nilgiriensis, Schistura 10.34.119 

ninglangensis, Triplophysa 10.42.73 

niulanensis, Beaufortia 8.2.11 

niulanensis, Yunnanilus 10.46.17 

niulanjiangensis, Claea 10.5.2 

niulanjiangensis, Jinshaia 7.9.2 

niulanjiangensis, Paraprotomyzon 8.11.4 

niulanjiangensis, Schistura 10.5.2 

Niwaella 4.15 

— brevifasciata 4.7, 4.7.1 

— delicata 4.15.1 


— longibarba 4.15.3 

— xinjiangensis 4.15.4 

Noemacheilus 10.21 (see species under 

Nemacheilus) 

nomi, Schistura 10.34.120 

nordkansuensis, Nemachilus 10.9.2 

190 

normani, Annamia 8.1.1 

normani, Parhomaloptera 8.1, 8.1.1 

notostigma, Nemacheilus 10.34.121 

notostigma, Schistura 10.34.121 

novemradiata, Schistura 10.34.122 

nuda, Barbatula 10.4.8, 10.4.15, 10.42.86 

nudidorsum, Schistura 10.34.123 

nudus, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.10 

nudus, Nemacheilus 10.4.8, 10.42.6 

nuicocensis, Cobitis 4.12.1 

nujiangensa, Triplophysa 10.42.74 

nujiangensis, Balitora 7.5.9 

nujiangensis, Hemimyzon 7.5.9 

Nun 10.25 

nurga, Cobitis 10.25.28 

ny-tsieou, Cobitis 4.13.1 

O 

obeini, Schistura 10.34.124 

obesus, Nemacheilus 10.39, 10.39.1 

obesus, Sundoreonectes 10.39.1 

oblonga, Cobitis 4.16.24 

oblonga, Pangio 4.16.24 

obscura, Cobites 10.34.157, 10.34.189 

obscura, Cobitis 10.34 

obscura, Parhomaloptera 8.12, 8.12.1 

obscura, Triplophysa 10.42.75 

obscurus, Noemacheilus 10.34.18, 

10.34.189 

obtusirostra, Triplophysa 10.42.76, 

10.42.100 

obtusirostris, Liniparhomaloptera 8.9.3 

obtusirostris, Yunnanilus 10.46.18 

ocellata, Balitora 7.7.6 

ocellata, Cobitis 10.2.2 

ocellata, Homaloptera 7.6, 7.6.5, 7.7.6 

ocellata, Schistura 10 

ocellatus, Gastromyzon 8.5.22 

octoactinotos, Acantopsis 4.2.2 

octocirrhus, Cobitis 4.10.10 

Octonema 10.17, 10.24 

— pleskei 10.17, 10.17.5 

octozona, Serpenticobitis 9.1, 9.1.2 

oculata, Cobitis 4.4.1 

oedipus, Nemacheilus 10.34.125 

oedipus, Schistura 10.34.125 

ogilviei, Homaloptera 7.6.6 

ohridana, Cobitis 4.5.39 

oligolepis, Homatula 10.11.8 

oligolepis, Paracobitis 10.11.8 

oligolepos, Misgurnus 4.18.1 

olivaceus, Cantophrys 4.10.9 

olivaceus, Nemacheilus 10.21.19 

olivai, Cobitis 4.5.48 

olygoskolopos, Misgurnus 4.18.1 

omeiensis, Metahomaloptera 7.11, 7.11.3 

ophiolepis, Balitoropsis 7.2.3 

ophiolepis, Homaloptera 7.2.3 

oreas, Barbatula 10.4.9, 10.4.15 

oreas, Orthrias 10.4, 10.4.9

Oreias 10.5 

Oreias crassipedunculatus 10.5.1 

— dabryi 10.5, 10.5.1 

— furcatus 10.5.1 

— hoai 10.34.68 

— lineatus 10.34.105 


— punctatus 10.34.14 

— sonlaensis 10.34.1 

— trilineatus 10.34.2 

Oreoglanis delacouri 7.7.4 

Oreoleuciscus potanini 10.4.4 

Oreonectes 10.24 

— anophthalmus 10.24.6 


— furcocaudalis 10.24.2 

— guananensis 10.24.7 

— keralensis 10.13, 10.13.2 

— luochengensis 10.24.8 

— macrolepis 10.24.3 

— microphthalmus 10.24.4 

— platycephalus 10.24, 10.24.9 

— polystigmus 10.24.10 

— retrodorsalis 10.24.11 

— sayu 10.17.6 

— translucens 10.24.5 

— yenlingi 10.24.9 

orientalis, Leptobotia 2.4.6 

orientalis, Nemachilus 10.42.77 

orientalis, Triplophysa 10.42.77 

ornaticauda, Gastromyzon 8.5.23 

ornatissimus, Nemacheilus 10.21.8 

ornatus, Nemacheilus 10.21.20 

orthocauda, Barbatula 10.34.126 

orthocauda, Schistura 10.34.126 

orthogoniata, Homaloptera 7.6.7 

Orthrias 10.4 

— araxensis 10.25.3 


— dgebuadzei 10.4.5 

— dori 10.25.20 

— ercisianus 10.25.12 

— eregliensis 10.25.14 

— farsicus 10.25.33 

— golubtsovi 10.4.6 

— israeliticus 10.25.20 

— kosswigi 10.25.24 

— macedonicus 10.25.8 

— oreas 10.4, 10.4.9 

— pantheroides 10.25.20 

— pindus 10.25.35 

— potaninorum 10.4.10 

— samantica 10.25.36 

— sawadai 10.4.12 

— simavica 10.25.39 

— zetensis 10.4.16 

oxiana, Nemachilus 10.25 

oxianus, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.30 

oxygnathus, Homatula 10.11.7 

oxygnathus, Nemachilus 10.11.7 


Oxynoemacheilus 10.25 

Oxynoemacheilus anatolicus 10.25.1 

— angorae 10.25.2 

— araxensis 10.25.3 

— argyrogramma 10.25.4 


— bergianus 10.25.6 

— brandtii 10.25.4, 10.25.7 

— bureschi 10.25.8 

— ceyhanensis 10.25.9 

— cinicus 10.25.10 

— cyri 10.25.11 

— ercisianus 10.25.12 

— erdali 10.25.13 

— eregliensis 10.25.14 

— evreni 10.25.15 

— frenatus 10.25.16 

— galilaeus 10.25.17 

— germencicus 10.25.18 

— hamwii 10.25.19 

— insignis 10.25.4, 10.25.20 

— kaynaki 10.25.21 

— kermanshahensis 10.25.22 

— kiabii 10.25.23 

— kosswigi 10.25.24 

— lenkoranensis 10.25.25 

— leontinae 10.25.26 

— mediterraneus 10.25.27 

— merga 10.25.28 

— namiri 10.25.29 

— oxianus 10.25.30 

— panthera 10.25.26, 10.25.31 

— paucilepis 10.25.32 

— persa 10.25.33 

— phoxinoides 10.25.34 

— pindus 10.25.35 

— samanticus 10.25.36 

— seyhanensis 10.25.37 

— seyhanicola 10.25.38 

— simavicus 10.25.39 

— theophilii 10.25.40 

— tigris 10.25.41 

— tongiorgii 10.25.42 

P 

pa-che-tsee-yu, Gobius 8.17.12 

pachycephalus, Yunnanilus 10.46.19 

pachychilus, Erromyzon 8.3.1 

pachychilus, Protomyzon 8.3.1 

pacifica, Cobitis 4.6.4 

pacifica, Iksookimia 4.6.4 

pahangensis, Acanthophthalmus 4.1.1 

pakistanica, Paraschistura 10.28.10 

pakistanicus, Noemacheilus 10.28.10 

pallens, Lepidocephalichthys 4.11.1 

pallidus, Nemacheilus 10.21.21 

paludani, Noemacheilus 10.28.12 

paludica, Acanthopsis 4.5 

paludica, Cobitis 4.5.40 

paludicola, Cobitis 4.5.40 

191 

paludosus, Yunnanilus 10.46.20 

pambaensis, Noemacheilus 10.34.47 

pambarensis, Mesonoemacheilus 10.18.4 

pangia, Cobitis 4.16.25 

pangia, Pangio 4.16.25 

Pangio 4.16 

— agma 4.16.1 

— alcoides 4.16.2 

— alternans 4.16.3 

— ammophila 4.16.4 

— anguillaris 4.16.5 

— apoda 4.16.6 

— atactos 4.16.7 

— bashai 4.16 

— bitaimac 4.16.8 

— cuneovirgata 4.16.9 

— doriae 4.16.10 


— filinaris 4.16.12 

— fusca 4.16.13 

— goaensis 4.16.14 

— incognito 4.16.15 

— kuhlii 4.16.16 

— lidi 4.16.17 

— longimanus 4.16.18 

— lumbriciformis 4.16.19 

— malayana 4.16.20 

— mariarum 4.16.21 

— muraeniformis 4.16.22 

— myersi 4.16.23 

— oblonga 4.16.24 

— pangia 4.16.25 

— piperata 4.16.26 

— pulla 4.16.27 

— robiginosa 4.16.28 

— semicincta 4.16.29 

— shelfordii 4.16.30 

— signicauda 4.16.31 

— superba 4.16.32 

panguri, Nemachilus 10.42.99 

panthera, Cobitis 10.25.31 

panthera, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.26, 

10.25.31 

pantheroides, Orthrias 10.25.20 

papilio, Hemimyzon 7, 7.5.10 

papillos, Nemacheilus 10.21.22 

papillosa, Modigliania 10.21, 10.21.23 

papillosolabiata, Diplophysa 10.42.78 

papillosolabiata, Triplophysa 10.42.78 

papillosus, Nemacheilus 10.21.23 

pappenheimi, Nemacheilus 10.42.79 

pappenheimi, Triplophysa 10.42.79 

papulifera, Schistura 10.34.127 

Parabotia 2.5 


— bimaculatus 2.5.2 

— brevirostris 2.5.3 

— curtus 2.5.4 

— dubius 2.5.5 

— fasciata 2.5

Parabotia fasciatus 2.5.6 

— heterocheila 2.5.7 

— heterocheilus 2.5.7 

— kiangensis 2.5.8 

— kiangsiensis 2.5.8 

— kimluani 2.5.5 

— lijiangensis 2.5.9 

— maculosus 2.5.10 

— mantschuricus 2.5.11 

— parvus 2.5.12 

— rubrilabris 2.5 

— taeniops 2.4.11 

— vancuongi 2.5.5 

Paracanthocobitis 10.2 

Paracobitis 10.11, 10.26 


— anguillioides 10.11.2 

— boutanensis 10.26.1 

— erhaiensis 10.11.4 

— ghazniensis 10.26.2 

— hagiangensis 10.34.64 

— iranica 10.26.3 


— longicauda 10.26.4 


— malapterura 10.26.5 

— maolanensis 10.42.59 


— oligolepis 10.11.8 

— phongthoensis 10.34.133 

— posterodorsalus 10.42.59 

— rhadinaea 10.26.6 

— smithi 10.26.7 

— tigris 10.25.4, 10.25.32 

— vignai 10.26.8 

— wujiangensis 10.11.12 

paradoxa, Triplophysa 10.42.80 

paradoxus, Nemacheilus 10.42.80 

Paralepidocephalus 4.17 

— guishanensis 4.17 

— yui 4.17, 4.17.1 

Paramisgurnus 4.18 

— dabryanus 4.13.1, 4.18, 4.18.1 

Paranemachilus 10.27 

— genilepis 10.27, 10.27.1 

Paraprotomyzon 8.11 

— bamaensis 8.11.1 

— lungkowensis 8.11.2 

— multifasciatus 8.11, 8.11.3 



Paraschistura 10.28 

— alepidota 10.28.1 

— bampurenris 10.28.2, 10.34.20 

— chrysicristinae 10.28.3 


— lepidocaulis 10.28.5 

— lindbergi 10.28.6 

— microlabra 10.28.7 

— naseeri 10.28.8 


Paraschistura nielseni 10.28.9 

— pakistanica 10.28.10 

— prashari 10.28.11 

— punjabensis 10.28.12 

— sargadensis 10.28.13 

— turcomana 10.28.14 

Parasewellia 8.16 

— monolobata 8.16.9 

— polylobata 8.16.9 

— tetralobata 8.16, 8.16.1 

parclitella, Homaloptera 7.6.8 

pardalis, Iskandaria 10.15.2 

pardalis, Nemachilus 10.15.2 

Parhomaloptera 8, 8.12 

— disparis 8.9, 8.9.1 

— microstoma 8.12.1 

— normani 8.1, 8.1.1 

— obscura 8.12, 8.12.1 

Parhomalopterini 8 

pariclavis, Gastromyzon 8.5.24 

parisiensis, Cobitis 10.4.2 

parva, Triplophysa 10.42.81 

parvus, Parabotia 2.5.12 

parvus, Yunnanilus 10.46.21 

patella, Sewellia 8.16.10 

paucicincta, Schistura 10.34.128 

paucifasciata, Schistura 10.34.129 

paucifasciatus, Nemachilus 10.34.129 

paucilepis, Barbatula 10.25.9, 10.25.15, 

10.25.32, 10.25.38 

paucilepis, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.32 

paucimaculatus, Nemacheilus 10.21.24 

pauciradiatus, Gastromyzon 8.10.6 

pauciradiatus, Neogastromyzon 8.10.6 

paucisquama, Crossostoma 8.4.7 

paucisquama, Formosania 8.4.7 

pavonacea, Acanthocobitis 10.2.5 

pavonacea, Cobitis 10.2.5 

pavonina, Balitora 7.6.5 

pechiliensis, Nemachilus 10.4.8 

pectoralis, Cobitis 4.13.1 

pedaschenkoi, Diplophysa 10.42.82 

pedaschenkoi, Triplophysa 10.42.82 

peguensis, Nemacheilus 10.23, 10.23.5 

peguensis, Neonoemacheilus 10.23.5 

pellegrini, Leptobotia 2.4.7 

pellegrini, Nemacheilus 10.34.176 

pengi, Balitora 7.5.11 

pengi, Hemimyzon 7.5.11 

pennocki, Gyrinocheilops 1.1, 1.1.2 

pennocki, Gyrinocheilus 1.1.2 

perakensis, Cobitophis 4.16.5 

peristictus, Pseudogastromyzon 8.15.9 

periyarensis, Nemacheilus 10.18.8 

persa, Cobitis 10.25, 10.25.33 

persa, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.33 

personata, Schistura 10.34.130 

pertica, Schistura 10.34.131 

pervagata, Schistura 10.34.132 

peschevi, Cobitis 4.5.54 

192 

Petromizon variegatus 4.13.3 

petrubanarescui, Mesonoemacheilus 10.18.5 

petrubanarescui, Noemacheilus 10.18.5 

Petruichthys 10.29, 10.46 

— brevis 10.29.2 

— salmonides 10.29.1 

pfeifferae, Nemacheilus 10.21.25 

pfeifferi, Cobitis 10.21.25 

phongthoensis, Paracobitis 10.34.133 

phongthoensis, Schistura 10.34.133 

phoxinoides, Barbatula 10.25.34 

phoxinoides, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.34 

phoxocheila, Cobitis 4.10.9 

phrygica, Cobitis 4.5.41 

phuketensis, Noemacheilus 10.2.9 

Physoschistura 10.30, 10.31 

— brunneana 10.30.1 

— chindwinensis 10.30.2 


— pseudobrunneana 10.30.4 

— raoi 10.30.5 

— rivulicola 10.30.6 

— shanensis 10.30.7 

— tuivaiensis 10.30.8 

— yunnaniloides 10.30.9 

pictava, Cobitis 10.4.2 

pictilis, Acanthocobitis 10.2.6 

pictorius, Aperioptus 4.2, 4.2.1 

pillaii, Homaloptera 7.6.9 

pindus, Barbatula 10.25.35 

pindus, Orthrias 10.25.35 

pindus, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.35 

pingchowensis, Praeformosania 8.17, 

8.17.12 

pingchowensis, Vanmanenia 8.17.12 

pingi, Beaufortia 8.2.12 

pingi, Gastromyzon 8.2.12 

piperata, Pangio 4.16.26 

pironae, Cobitis 10.4.2 

plagiognathus, Nemachilus 10.42.86 

Platacanthus 4.10 

— agrensis 4.10, 4.10.16 

— maculatus 4.10, 4.10.16 

platiceps, Nemacheilus 10.21.26 

Platycara anisura 7.1.2 

— australis 7.3, 7.3.1 

platycephalus, Oreonectes 10.24, 10.24.9 

Platyptera sinensis 7 

Plesiomyzon 8.13 

— baotingensis 8.13, 8.13.1 

pleskei, Lefua 10.17.5 

pleskei, Octonema 10.17, 10.17.5 

pleurotaenia, Nemacheilus 10.46, 10.46.22 

pleurotaenia, Yunnanilus 10.46.22 

poculi, Noemacheilus 10.34.134 

poculi, Schistura 10.34.68, 10.34.134 

poecilopleura, Cobitis 4.5 

Pogononemacheilus 10.21 

polliciformis, Beaufortia 8.2.2 

polyfasciata, Triplophysa 10.42.83

polylepis, Beaufortia 8.2.13 

polylepis, Homaloptera 7.6.5 

polylepis, Protocobitis 4.19, 4.19.1 

polylepis, Vanmanenia 8.17.12 

polylobata, Parasewellia 8.16.9 

polynema, Cobitichthys 4.13.1 

polystigmus, Oreonectes 10.24.10 

polytaenia, Nemachilus 10.34.135 

polytaenia, Schistura 10.34.135 

pontica, Cobitis 4.5.42 

poonaensis, Nemachilus 10.21.1 

porthos, Schistura 10.34.136 

posterodorsalis, Leptobotia 2.4.8 

posterodorsalus, Paracobitis 10.42.59 

posteroventralis, Barbatula 10.42.22 

potanini, Homatula 10.11.9 

potanini, Nemacheilus 10.11, 10.11.9 

potanini, Oreoleuciscus 10.4.4 

potaninorum, Barbatula 10.4.10 

potaninorum, Orthrias 10.4.10 

Praeformosania 8.17 


— pingchowensis 8.17, 8.17.12 

praestans, Gastromyzon 8.5.25 

prashadi, Nemachilus 10.34.137 

prashadi, Schistura 10.34.137 

prashari, Nemachilus 10.28.11 

prashari, Paraschistura 10.28.11 

pratti, Botia 2.4.10 

pridii, Schistura 10.34.138 

pristes, Kottelatlimia 4.9.3 

pristes, Lepidocephalichthys 4.9.3 

procera, Schistura 10.34.139 

productus, Nemachilus 10.14.4 

Progastromyzon 8.14 

— griswoldi 8.14, 8.14.3 

prolixifasciata, Schistura 10.34.140 

Prostheacanthus 4.2 

— spectabilis 4.2, 4.2.2 

Protenemacheilus 10.31 

Protocobitis 4.19 

— polylepis 4.19, 4.19.1 

— typhlops 4.19, 4.19.2 

Protomyzon 8.14 

— aphelocheilus 8.14.1 

— borneensis 8.14.2 

— griswoldi 8.14.3 

— pachychilus 8.3.1 

— sinensis 8.3, 8.3.3 

— whiteheadi 8.14.4 

Protonemacheilus 10.31 

— longipectoralis 10.31, 10.31.1 

psammismus, Cobitis 4.13.1 

pseudobrunneana, Physoschistura 10.30.4 

Pseudodon 10.26 

pseudofasciolata, Schistura 10.34.141 

Pseudogastromyzon 8, 8.15 

— changtingensis 8.15.1 

— cheni 8.15.2 

— fangi 8.15.3 


Pseudogastromyzon fasciatus 8.15.4 

— jiulongjiangensis 8.15.4 

— laticeps 8.15.5 

— lianjiangensis 8.15.6 

— maculatum 8.15.8 

— meihuashanensis 8.15.7 

— myersi 8.15.8 

— peristictus 8.15.9 

— tungpeiensis 8.15.1 

Pseudogastromyzoni 8 

Pseudohomaloptera 7.2 

pseudoscleroptera, Triplophysa 10.42.84 

pseudoscleropterus, Nemachilus 10.42.84 

psiloetron, Gastromyzon 8.5.26 

Psilorhynchus aymonieri 1.1.1 


— sinensis 7.5.16, 7.9, 7.9.3 

psittacula, Schistura 10.34.142 

pterolineata, Sewellia 8.16.11 

Pteronemacheilus 10.31, 10.32 

— lucidorsum 10.32, 10.32.1 


pulchellus, Mesonoemacheilus 10.18.6 

pulchellus, Nemacheilus 10.18.6 

pulcher, Nemacheilus 10.41.1 

pulcher, Traccatichthys 10.41.1 

pulcherrimus, Yunnanilus 10.46.23 

pulchra, Botia 2.6.2 

pulchra, Sinibotia 2.6.2 

pulchripinnis, Botia 2.8.3 

puliensis, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.15 

pulla, Pangio 4.16.27 

pulsiz, Nemacheilus 10.25.12 

pumatensis, Schistura 10.34.143 

pumila, Iksookimia 4.6.5 

pumilicorpora, Hemimyzon 7.5.12 

pumilus, Cobitis 4.6.5 

punctata, Leptobotia 2.4.9 

punctata, Schistura 10.21.7 

punctatus, Misgurnus 4.13.1 

punctatus, Oreias 10.34.14 

puncticulata, Cobitis 4.5.43 

punctifasciata, Schistura 10.34.144 

punctilineata, Cobitis 4.5.44 

punctulatus, Gastromyzon 8.5.27 

punjabensis, Nemachilus 10.28.12 

punjabensis, Paraschistura 10.28.12 

purpurea, Leptobotia 2.4.11 

pustulosus, Gyrinocheilus 1.1, 1.1.3 

puta, Cobitis 4.5.6 

putaoensis, Nemacheilus 10.34.169 

pycnolepis, Homatula 10.11.10 

Q 

Qinghaichthys 10.33, 10.42 

— alticeps 10.33.1 

— rotundiventris 10.33.2 

— zaidamensis 10.33.3 

— zamegacephalus 10.33.4 

qiongzhongensis, Liniparhomaloptera 8.9.4 

193 

qiubeiensis, Triplophysa 10.42.85 

quaesita, Schistura 10.34.145 

quasimodo, Schistura 10.34.146 

quignardi, Barbatula 10.4.11 

quignardi, Noemacheilus 10.4.11 

R 

radnensis, Cobitis 4.20.2 

rajasthanica, Schistura 10.34.147 

rajasthanicus, Noemacheilus 10.34.147 

raoe, Nemachilus 10.30.5 

raoi, Physoschistura 10.30.5 

rara, Cobitis 4.5.45 

rara, Schistura 10.34.148 

rarus, Noemacheilus 10.34.148 

reevesae, Botia 2.6.3 

reevesae, Sinibotia 2.6.3 

reidi, Noemacheilus 10.34.149 

reidi, Schistura 10.34.149 

remadevii, Mesonoemacheilus 10.18.7 

rendahli, Noemacheilus 10.34.47 

reticulata, Schistura 10.34.150 

reticulofasciata, Schistura 10.34.151 

retrodorsalis, Oreonectes 10.24.11 

retropinnis, Nemachilus 10.42.86 

retropinnis, Triplophysa 10.42.86, 

10.42.100 

reuniens, Nemachilus 10.42.106 

reversa, Botia 2.7.6 

reversus, Syncrossus 2.7.6 

rhadinaea, Paracobitis 10.26.6 

rhadinaeus, Nemachilus 10.26.6 

rhodopensis, Cobitis 4.5.54 

ridens, Gastromyzon 8.5.28 

rikiki, Schistura 10.34.152 

ripleyi, Homalopterula 7.8, 7.8.5 

rivulicola, Nemachilus 10.30.6 

rivulicola, Physoschistura 10.30.6 

robertsi, Acanthopsoides 4.1.6 

robertsi, Schistura 10.34.153 

robiginosa, Pangio 4.16.28 

robiginosus, Acanthophthalmus 4.16.28 

robusta, Botia 2.6.4 

robusta, Sinibotia 2.6.4 

robusta, Triplophysa 10.42.87 

robustus, Nemachilus 10.42.87 

romanica, Cobitis 4.20.9 

romanica, Sabanejewia 4.20.9 

rosa, Triplophysa 10.42.88 

rosammai, Aborichthys 10.34.154 

rosammai, Schistura 10.34.154 

rossomeridionalis, Cobitis 4.5.57 

rossoperegrinatorum, Triplophysa 10.42.38 

rostrata, Botia 2.2.7 

rotundicauda, Homaloptera 10.24, 10.24.9 

rotundicaudata, Cobitis 4.8, 4.8.2 

rotundicaudata, Koreocobitis 4.8.2 

rotundiventris, Nemacheilus 10.33.2 

rotundiventris, Qinghaichthys 10.33.2 

rubidipinnis, Acanthocobitis 10.2.3, 10.2.7

ubidipinnis, Cobitis 10.2.7 

rubiginosus, Canthophrys 4.16.25 

rubrilabris, Leptobotia 2.4.10 

rubrilabris, Parabotia 2.5 

rubripinnis, Botia 2.8.5 

rubripinnis, Cobitis 4.10.16, 4.13.1 

ruppelli, Cobitis 10.22 

ruppelli, Nemachilichthys 10.22.1 

rugocauda, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.16 

rupecula, Schistura 10.34, 10.34.155 

rupelli, Cobitis 10.22.1 

rupicola, Chopraia 7.7, 7.7.3 

rupicola, Homalopteroides 7.7.3 

rupicola, Schistura 10.34.155 

russa, Schistura 10.34.156 

russulus, Gastromyzon 8.5.29 

ruzskyi, Nemachilus 10.42.101 

S 

Sabanejewia 4.20 

— aurata 4.20.1 

— balcanica 4.20.2 

— baltica 4.20.3 

— bulgarica 4.20.4 

— caspia 4.20.5 

— caucasica 4.20.6 

— doiranica 4.20.2 

— kubanica 4.20.7 

— larvata 4.20.8 

— romanica 4.20.9 

— thrakica 4.20.2 

— vallachica 4.20.10 

sabanus, Elxis 10.39.2 

sabanus, Sundoreonectes 10.39.2 

salari, Nemachilus 10.42.19 

salmonides, Nemachilus 10.29.1 

salmonides, Petruichthys 10.29.1 

salusur, Homaloptera 7.6.5 

samantica, Orthrias 10.25.36 

samanticus, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.36 

sandakanensis, Acanthophthalmus 4.21, 

4.21.1 

sandakanensis, Theriodes 4.21.1 

sanhoensis, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.20 

santhamparaiensis, Homaloptera 7.6.10 

saravacensis, Nemacheilus 10.21.27 

sargadensis, Nemachilus 10.28, 10.28.13 

sargadensis, Paraschistura 10.28.13 

satunini, Cobitis 4.5.46 

savona, Cobitis 10.34.157 

savona, Nemachilus 10.34.47 

savona, Schistura 10.34.157 

sawadai, Barbatula 10.4.12 

sawadai, Orthrias 10.4.12 

sayu, Lefua 10.17.6 

sayu, Oreonectes 10.17.6 

scapanognatha, Triplophysa 10.42.89 

scaturigina, Schistura 10.34.158, 

10.34.165, 10.34.193 

Schistura 10.34 


Schistura aculeata 4.10.9 


— afasciata 10.34.4, 10.34.13 

— aizawlensis 10.34.5 

— alta 10.34.6 

— alticrista 10.34.7 

— altipedunculata 10.34.8 

— amplizona 10.34.9 

— anambarensis 10.34.10 

— antennata 10.34.11 

— aramis 10.34.12 

— arifi 10.34.4, 10.34.13, 10.34.42, 

10.34.97 

— athos 10.34.14 

— atra 10.34.15 

— aurantiaca 10.34.16 

— bachmaensis 10.34.17 

— bairdi 10.34.18 

— balteata 10.34.19 

— baluchiorum 10.34.20 

— bannaensis 10.34.21 

— beavani 10.34.22 

— bella 10.34.23 

— bhimachari 10.34.24 

— bolavenensis 10.34.25 

— breviceps 10.34.26 

— bucculenta 10.34.27 

— callichroma 10.34.28 

— callidora 10.34.29 

— carbonaria 10.34.30 

— carletoni 10.34.31 

— cataracta 10.34.32 

— caudofurca 10.34.33 

— ceyhanensis 10.25.9, 10.25.15, 

10.25.32, 10.25.38 


— chindwinica 10.34.35 

— chrysicristinae 10.28.3 

— cincticauda 10.34.36 

— clatrata 10.34.37 

— conirostris 10.34.38 

— coruscans 10.34.39 

— crabro 10.34.40 

— cryptofasciata 10.34.41 

— curtistigma 10.34.13, 10.34.42 

— dabryi 10.5.1 

— dalatensis 10.34.43 

— daubentoni 10.34.44 

— deansmarti 10.34.45 

— defectiva 10.34.46 

— denisoni 10.34.47, 10.34.111 

— desmotes 10.34.48 

— devdevi 10.34.49 

— diminuta 10.34.50 

— disparizona 10.34.51 

— doonensis 10.34.52 

— dorsizona 10.34.53 

— dubia 10.34.54 

— ephelis 10.34.55 

194 

Schistura evreni 10.25.9, 10.25.15, 

10.25.32, 10.25.38 

— fasciata 10.34.56 

— fascimaculata 10.34.57 


— finis 10.34.59 

— fusinotata 10.34.60 

— gangetica 10.34.61 

— geisleri 10.34.62 

— globiceps 10.34.63 

— grandis 2.7 


— harnaiensis 10.34.65 

— heterognathos 10.35.2 

— himachalensis 10.34.66 

— hingi 10.34.67 

— hoai 10.34.68 

— horai 10.34.42, 10.34.69, 10.34.97, 

10.34.163 


— huongensis 10.34.71 

— imitator 10.34.72 

— implicata 10.34.73 

— incerta 10.34.64, 10.34.74 

— irregularis 10.34.75 

— isostigma 10.34.76 

— jarutanini 10.34.77 

— kangjupkhulensis 10.34.78, 10.34.113 

— kangrae 10.34.79 

— kaysonei 10.34.80 

— kengtungensis 10.34.81 


— khamtanhi 10.34.82 

— khugae 10.34.83 

— kloetzliae 10.34.84 

— kodaguensis 10.34.85 

— kohatensis 10.34.86 

— kohchangensis 10.34.87 

— koladynensis 10.34.88 

— kongphengi 10.34.89 

— kontumensis 10.34.90 


— latidens 10.34.91 

— latifasciata 10.34.92 

— lepidocaulis 10.28.5 

— leukensis 10.34.93 

— lingyunensis 10.42.56 

— longa 10.34.94 

— machensis 10.34.95 

— macrocephalus 10.34.96, 10.34.83 

— macrolepis 10.34.13, 10.34.97 

— macrotaenia 10.34.98 


— maculiceps 10.34.99 

— maepaiensis 10.34.100 

— magnifluvis 10.34.101 

— mahnerti 10.34.102 

— malaisei 10.34.103 


— melarancia 10.34.105

Schistura menanensis 10.34.106 

— microlabra 10.28.7 

— microphthalmus 10.42.67 

— minuta 10.34.107 

— mobbsi 10.34.108 

— moeiensis 10.34.109 

— montana 10, 10.34, 10.34.79, 10.34.110 

— mukambbikaensis 10.34.47, 10.34.111 

— multifasciata 10.34.112, 10.34.155 

— nagaensis 10.34.113 

— nagodiensis 10.34.114 

— namboensis 10.34.115 

— nandingensis 10.34.116 

— nasifilis 10.34.117 

— nicholsi 10.34.118 

— nielseni 10.28.9 

— nilgiriensis 10.34.119 


— nomi 10.34.120 

— notostigma 10.34.121 

— novemradiata 10.34.122 

— nudidorsum 10.34.123 

— obeini 10.34.124 

— ocellata 10 

— oedipus 10.34.125 

— orthocauda 10.34.126 

— papulifera 10.34.127 

— paucicincta 10.34.128 

— paucifasciata 10.34.129 

— personata 10.34.130 

— pertica 10.34.131 

— pervagata 10.34.132 

— phongthoensis 10.34.133 

— poculi 10.34.68, 10.34.134 

— polytaenia 10.34.135 

— porthos 10.34.136 

— prashadi 10.34.137 

— pridii 10.34.138 

— procera 10.34.139 

— prolixifasciata 10.34.140 

— pseudofasciolata 10.34.141 

— psittacula 10.34.142 

— pumatensis 10.34.143 

— punctata 10.21.7 

— punctifasciata 10.34.144 

— quaesita 10.34.145 

— quasimodo 10.34.146 

— rajasthanica 10.34.147 

— rara 10.34.148 

— reidi 10.34.149 

— reticulata 10.34.150 

— reticulofasciata 10.34.151 

— rikiki 10.34.152 

— robertsi 10.34.153 

— rosammai 10.34.154 

— rupecula 10.34, 10.34.155 

— rupicola 10.34.155 

— russa 10.34.156 

— savona 10.34.157 


Schistura scaturigina 10.34.158, 

10.34.165, 10.34.193 

— schultzi 10.34.159 

— semiarmata 10.34.160 

— sertata 10.34.161 

— sexcauda 10.34.162 

— seyhanicola 10.25.15, 10.25.32, 

10.25.38, 10.25.9 

— shadiwalensis 10.34.163 

— sharavathiensis 10.34.164 

— shebbearei 10.34.158, 10.34.165 

— shuangjiangensis 10.34.166 

— sigillata 10.34.167 

— sijuensis 10.34.168 

— sikmaiensis 10.34.169 

— similis 10.34.170 

— singhi 10.34.171 

— sokolovi 10.34.172 

— sombooni 10.34.173 

— sonlaensis 10.34.1 

— spekuli 10.34.174 

— spiesi 10.34.175 

— spiloptera 10.34.176 

— spilota 10.34.177 

— striata 10.34.24, 10.34.178 

— suber 10.34.179 

— subfusca 10.34.158 

— susannae 10.34.180 

— tenura 10.34.181 

— thanho 10.34.182 

— tigrina 10.34.183 

— tirapensis 10.34.184 

— tizardi 10.34.185 

— trilineata 10.34.2 

— tubulinaris 10.34.186 

— udomritthiruji 10.34.187 

— vinciguerrae 10.34.188 

— waltoni 10.34.189 

— xhatensis 10.34.190 

— yenjitee 10.34.157 

— yersini 10.34.191 

— yingjiangensis 10.34.192 

— zonata 10.34.158, 10.34.193 

schlegeli, Cobitis 4.5.8 

schultzi, Noemacheilus 10.34.159 

schultzi, Schistura 10.34.159 

scitulus, Gastromyzon 8.5.30 

scleroptera, Triplophysa 10.42.90 

scleropterus, Nemachilus 10.42.90 

Sectoria 10.35 

— atriceps 10.35.1 

— heterognathos 10.35.2 

— megastoma 10.35.2 

selangoricus, Nemacheilus 10.21.28 

sellaefer, Barbatula 10.42.91 

sellaefer, Triplophysa 10.42.91 

semiarmata, Schistura 10.34.160 

semiarmatus, Nemacheilus 10.34.160 

semicincta, Pangio 4.16.29 

semicinctus, Acanthophthalmus 4.16.29 

195 

Seminemacheilus 10.36 

— ispartensis 10.25.27, 10.36.1 

— lendlii 10.36.2 

— tongiorgii 10.25.42 

semizonata, Cobitis 10.2.7 

septa, Cobitis 4.5.6 

septemmaculata, Homaloptera 7.2.4 

serpentarius, Nemacheilus 7.6.1 

Serpenticobitidae 9 

Serpenticobitis 9, 9.1 

— cingulata 9.1.1 

— octozona 9.1, 9.1.2 

— zonata 9.1.3 

serrilineata, Vanmanenia 8.17.13 

sertata, Schistura 10.34.161 

Sewellia 8.16 

— albisuera 8.16.1 

— analis 8.16.2 

— brevis 8.16.8 

— breviventralis 8.16.3 

— diardi 8.16, 8.16.4 


— lineolata 8.16.6 


— media 8.16.8 

— monolobata 8.16.9 

— patella 8.16.10 

— pterolineata 8.16.11 

— songboensis 8.16.6 

— speciosa 8.16.12 

— trakhucensis 8.16.13 

sewerzowi, Nemachilus 10.42.92 

sewerzowi, Triplophysa 10.42.92 

sexcauda, Nemacheilus 10.34.162 

sexcauda, Schistura 10.34.162 

sexmaculata, Balitoropsis 7.2.4 

sexmaculata, Homaloptera 7.2.4 

seyhanensis, Noemacheilus 10.25.37 

seyhanensis, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.37 

seyhanicola, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.38 

seyhanicola, Schistura 10.25.9, 10.25.15, 

10.25.32, 10.25.38 

shaanxiensis, Triplophysa 10.42.93 

shadiwalensis, Schistura 10.34.163 

shanensis, Nemachilus 10.30.7 

shanensis, Physoschistura 10.30.7 

shansi, Barbatula 10.4.8 

sharavathiensis, Schistura 10.34.164 

shebbearei, Nemachilus 10.34.165 

shebbearei, Schistura 10.34.158, 10.34.165 

shehensis, Noemacheilus 10.42.94 

shehensis, Triplophysa 10.42.26, 10.42.94 

shelfordii, Acanthophthalmus 4.16.30 

shelfordii, Pangio 4.16.30 

sheni, Hemimyzon 7.5.13 

shikokuensis, Cobitis 4.5.47 

shilinensis, Triplophysa 10.42.95 

shimogensis, Balitora 7.1.7 

shimogensis, Nemachilichthys 10.22.1 

shiyangensis, Nemachilus 10.42.96

shiyangensis, Triplophysa 10.42.96 

shuangjiangensis, Noemacheilus 10.34.166 

shuangjiangensis, Schistura 10.34.166 

sibirica, Cobitis 4.5.34, 4.5.48 

sibiricus, Nemacheilus 10.4.14, 10.4.15 

sichangensis, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.17 

sichuanensis, Yunnanilus 10.46.24 

sidthimunki, Ambastaia 2.1.2 

sidthimunki, Botia 2.1.2 

sigillata, Schistura 10.34.167 

signicauda, Pangio 4.16.31 

sijuensis, Noemacheilus 10.34.168 

sijuensis, Schistura 10.34.168 

sikkimensis, Noemacheilus 10 

sikmaiensis, Nemachilus 10.34.169 

sikmaiensis, Schistura 10.34.169 

silasi, Homaloptera 7.6.11 

siluroides, Nemachilus 10.42.97 

siluroides, Triplophysa 10.42.97 

simavica, Orthrias 10.25.39 

simavicus, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.39 

similis, Schistura 10.34.170 

simplicispina, Cobitis 4.5, 4.5.13, 4.5.41, 

4.5.49 

sinensis, Cobitis 4.5.50 

sinensis, Erromyzon 8.3.3 

sinensis, Jinshaia 7.5.16, 7.9.3 

sinensis, Platyptera 7 

sinensis, Protomyzon 8.3, 8.3.3 

sinensis, Psilorhynchus 7.5.16, 7.9, 7.9.3 

singhi, Noemacheilus 10.34.171 

singhi, Schistura 10.34.171 

Sinibotia 2.6 

Sinibotia longiventralis 2.6.1 

— pulchra 2.6.2 

— reevesae 2.6.3 

— robusta 2.6.4 

— superciliaris 2.6.5 

— zebra 2.6.6 

Sinogastromyzon 7, 7.13 


— daon 7.13.2 

— dezeensis 7.13.3 


— hexaocellum 7.13.1 

— hsiashiensis 7.13.5 

— hypercorpus 7.13.6 

— intermedius 7.13.20 

— lixianjiangensis 7.13.7 

— macrostoma 7.13.8 

— maon 7.13.9 

— minutum 7.13.10 

— minutus 7.13.10 

— multiocellum 7.13.11 

— namnaensis 7.13.12 


— nantaiensis 7.13.14 

— puliensis 7.13.15 

— rugocauda 7.13.16 

— sanhoensis 7.13.20 


Sinogastromyzon sichangensis 7.13.17 


— tonkinensis 7.13.19 

— wui 7.13, 7.13.20 

Sinohomaloptera 7, 7.1 

— acuticauda 7.5.16 

— hoffmanni 7.1.5 

— lancangjiangensis 7.1.6 

— longibarbatus 7.1.9 

— yaotanensis 7.5.16 

Sinohomalopterini 7 

sinuatus, Nemacheilus 10.2.4 

smithi, Homaloptera 7.7.4 

smithi, Homalopteroides 7.7.4 

smithi, Noemacheilus 10.26.7 

smithi, Paracobitis 10.26.7 

sokolovi, Schistura 10.34.172 

sombooni, Schistura 10.34.173 

Somileptes 4.4 

— bispinosa 4.4, 4.4.1 

Somileptus 4.4 

songamensis, Hemimyzon 7.1.5 

songboensis, Sewellia 8.16.6 

sonlaensis, Oreias 10.34.1 

sonlaensis, Schistura 10.34.1 

spanisbripes, Yunnanilus 10.46.25 

speciosa, Sewellia 8.16.12 

spectabilis, Acantopsis 4.2.3 

spectabilis, Gastromyzon 8.5.31 

spectabilis, Prostheacanthus 4.2, 4.2.2 

spectrum, Lepidocephalus 4.11.2 

spekuli, Schistura 10.34.174 

Speonectes 10.37 

— tiomanensis 10.37.1 

Sphaerophysa 10.38 

— dianchiensis 10.38, 10.38.1 

spiesi, Schistura 10.34.175 

spiloptera, Cobitis 10.34.176 

spiloptera, Schistura 10.34.176 

spilota, Schistura 10.34.177 

spilotus, Nemacheilus 10.34.177 

spilura, Cobitis 4.5.55 

spilurus, Misgurnus 4.13.4 

spiniferus, Nemacheilus 10.21.29 

splendens, Cobitis 4.5.51 

splendida, Botia 2.8.7 

splendida, Yasuhikotakia 2.8.7 

squataeniatus, Cobitis 4.5.64 

starostini, Noemacheilus 10.43, 10.43.1 

starostini, Troglocobitis 10.43.1 

stellatus, Gastromyzon 8.5.32 

stenosoma, Homalosoma 8.17, 8.17.14 

stenosoma, Vanmanenia 8.17.14 

stenura, Triplophysa 10.42.98 

stenurus, Nemachilus 10.42.98 

stephanidisi, Cobitis 4.5.52 

stephensoni, Balitoropsis 7.2.5 

stephensoni, Homaloptera 7.2.5 

stewarti, Diplophysa 10.42.99 

stewarti, Triplophysa 10.42.99 

196 

stigmata, Crossostoma 8.4.8 

stigmata, Formosania 8.4.8 

stigmofasciatus, Nemacheilus 10.21.30 

stolickai, Cobitis 10.42.100 

stolickai, Triplophysa 10.42.1, 10.4.8, 

10.42.27, 10.42.100 

strauchii, Diplophysa 10.42, 10.42.101 

strauchii, Triplophysa 10.42.101 

striata, Botia 2.2.8 

striata, Cobitis 4.5.53 

striata, Schistura 10.34.24, 10.34.178 

striata, Vanmanenia 8.17.15 

striatus, Nemacheilus 10.34, 10.34.178 

strumicae, Cobitis 4.5.54 

sturanyi, Barbatula 10.4.13 

sturanyi, Nemachilus 10.4.13 

suber, Schistura 10.34.179 

subfusca, Schistura 10.34.158 

suborbitalis, Cobitis 10.21.9 

sumatranus, Acanthopthalmus 4.16.29 

Sundoreonectes 10.39 

— obesus 10.39.1 

— sabanus 10.39.2 

— tiomanensis 10.37, 10.37.1 

superba, Pangio 4.16.32 

superbus, Acantophthalmus 4.16.32 

superciliaris, Botia 2.6, 2.6.5 

superciliaris, Sinibotia 2.6.5 

susannae, Schistura 10.34.180 

Syncrossus 2.7 

— beauforti 2.7.1 

— berdmorei 2.7, 2.7.2 

— helodes 2.7.3 

— hymenophysa 2.7.4 

— lucasbahi 2.7.5 

— reversus 2.7.6 

szechuanensis, Beaufortia 8.2.14 

szechuanensis, Gastromyzon 8.2.14 

szechuanensis, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.18 

T 

taenia, Cobitis 4.5, 4.5.55, 10.4 

taeniata, Nemacheilus 10.41.2 

taeniatus, Lepidocephalus 4.10.10 

taeniatus, Nemacheilus 10.41 

taeniatus, Traccatichthys 10.41.2 

taenioides, Cobitis 4.5.55 

taeniops, Leptobotia 2.4.11 

taeniops, Parabotia 2.4.11 

taitungensis, Hemimyzon 7.5.14 

taiwanica, Homaloptera 7.5.4 

takatsuensis, Cobitis 4.5.56 

tambaraparniensis, Nemacheilus 10.18.8 

tanaitica, Cobitis 4.5.57 

tanggulaensis, Nemachilus 10.42.102 

tanggulaensis, Triplophysa 10.42.102 

tangtianhensis, Nemachilus 10.42.99 

tarimensis, Nemachilus 10.9.4 

Tarimichthys 10.40, 10.42 

— bombifrons 10.40.1

Tarimichthys edsinicus 10.40.2 

— incipiens 10.40.3 

tatereganii, Balitoropsis 7.2.6 

tatereganii, Homaloptera 7.2, 7.2.6 

Tauphysa 10.42 

taurica, Cobitis 4.5.58 

taurica, Nemachilus 10.4.2 

tchangi, Balitora 7.5.15 

tchangi, Hemimyzon 7.5.15 

tchangi, Leptobotia 2.4.12 

tebo, Nemacheilus 10.21.31 

tengi, Crossostoma 8.4.9 

tengi, Formosania 8.4.9 

tenuicauda, Cobitis 10.14.5 

tenuicauda, Indotriplophysa 10.14.5 

tenuis, Indotriplophysa 10.14.6 

tenuis, Nemacheilus 10.14, 10.14.6 

tenura, Schistura 10.34.181 

terekensis, Nemacheilus 10.25.28 

tesselatus, Cobitis 4.20.4 

tetralineata, Cobitis 4.5.59 

tetraloba, Homaloptera 8.17.3 

tetraloba, Vanmanenia 8.17.3 

tetralobata, Parasewellia 8.16, 8.16.1 

thai, Nemacheilus 10.34.118 

thamicola, Cryptotora 7.4.1 

thamicola, Homaloptera 7.4, 7.4.1 

thanho, Schistura 10.34.182 

theophilii, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.40 

Theriodes 4.21 

— sandakanensis 4.21.1 

thermalis, Cobitis 4.10.16 

thermalis, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.16 

thiemmedhi, Acantopsis 4.2.4 

thrakica, Sabanejewia 4.20.2 

thuathienensis, Annamia 8.1.1 

tianeensis, Triplophysa 10.42.103 

tibetana, Triplophysa 10.42.104 

tibetanus, Nemachilus 10.42.104 

tientainensis, Botia 2.4.13 

tientainensis, Leptobotia 2.4.13 

tigeriveinus, Yunnanilus 10.46.22 

tigrina, Schistura 10.34.183 

tigris, Barbatula 10.4.14 

tigris, Cobitis 10.25.41 

tigris, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.41 

tigris, Paracobitis 10.25.4, 10.25.32 

tikaderi, Aborichthys 10.1.4 

tinkhami, Crossostoma 8.4.10 

tinkhami, Formosania 8.4.10 

tiomanensis, Speonectes 10.37.1 

tiomanensis, Sundoreonectes 10.37, 10.37.1 

tirapensis, Schistura 10.34.184 

tizardi, Schistura 10.34.185 

tomaculum, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.17 

tomiana, Barbatula 10.4.4, 10.4.14, 10.4.15 

tomianus, Barbatula 10.4.15 

tomianus, Nemacheilus 10.4.14 

tongiorgii, Oxynoemacheilus 10.25.42 

tongiorgii, Seminemacheilus 10.25.42 


toni, Barbatula 10.4.3, 10.4.4, 10.4.8, 

10.4.14, 10.4.15 

toni, Cobitis 10.4.15 

tonkinensis, Misgurnus 4.13.7 

tonkinensis, Sinogastromyzon 7.13.19 

tortonesei, Nemacheilus 10.25.20 

Traccatichthys 10.41 

— pulcher 10.41.1 

— taeniatus 10.41.2 

trakhucensis, Sewellia 8.16.13 

transiens, Nemachilus 10.42.101 

translineatus, Nemacheilus 10.21.28 

translucens, Oreonectes 10.24.5 

Travancoria 7.14 


— jonesi 7.14, 7.14.2 

trewavasae, Triplophysa 10.42.34 

triangularis, Mesonoemacheilus 10.18.8 

triangularis, Nemacheilus 10.18, 10.18.8 

trichonica, Cobitis 4.5.60 

trilineata, Schistura 10.34.2 

trilineatus, Oreias 10.34.2 

trifasciodorsalata, Vanmanenia 8.17.13 

triocellata, Beaufortia 8.2.16 

Triplophysa 10, 10.42 

— akhtari 10.42.1 

— alexandrae 10.42.2 

— aliensis 10.42.3 

— altipinnis 10.42.4 

— aluensis 10.42.5 

— angeli 10.42.6 

— anterodorsalis 10.42.7 

— aquaecaeruleae 10.42.8, 10.42.40 

— arnoldii 10.42.9 

— bashanensis 10.42.10 

— bellibarus 10.42.11 

— bleekeri 10.42.12 

— brachyptera 10.42.13 

— brahui 10.42.14 

— brevibarba 10.42.15 

— brevibarbus 10.42.15 

— brevicauda 10.42.16 

— cakaensis 10.42.17, 10.42.100 

— chandagaitensis 10.42.37 

— chondrostoma 10.42.18 

— coniptera 10.42.19 

— crassilabris 10.42.20 

— cuneicephala 10.42.21 

— dalaica 10.42.22 

— daqiaoensis 10.42.23 

— dingi 10.42.15 

— dorsalis 10.42.24 

— dorsonotata 10.42.25, 10.42.100 

— drassensis 10.42.26 

— edsinica 10.40.2 

— elegans 10.42.27 

— eugeniae 10.14.3 

— farwelli 10.42.28 

— flavicorpus 10.42.29 

— furva 10.42.30 

197 

Triplophysa fuxianensis 10.42.31 

— gejiuensis 10.42.32 

— gerzeensis 10.42.33 

— gracilis 10.42.34 

— grahami 10.42.35 

— griffithii 10.42.36 

— gundriseri 10.42.37 

— hexiensis 10.42.38, 10.42.100 

— heyangensis 10.42.39 

— hialmari 10.42.40 

— hsutschouensis 10.42.41 

— huanglongensis 10.42.42 

— huanjiangensis 10.42.43 


— hutjertjuensis 10.42.45 


— jianchuanensis 10.42.47 

— jiarongensis 10.42.48 

— kafirnigani 10.42.49 

— kaznakowi 10.16.3 

— kokshaalensis 10.14 

— kullmanni 10.42.50 

— kungessana 10.42.51 

— lacusnigri 10.42.52 

— lacustris 10.42.53 


— laticeps 10.42.55 

— lingyunensis 10.42.56 

— lixianensis 10.42.57 

— longchiensis 10.42.1 

— longianguis 10.42.58 


— longipectoralis 10.42.60 

— macrocephala 10.42.61 

— macromaculata 10.42.62 

— macrophthalma 10.42.63 

— malloryi 10.42 

— markehenensis 10.42.64 


— microphthalma 10.42.67 

— microphysus 10.42.66 

— microps 10.42.11, 10.42.68 

— moquensis 10.42.69 

— nandanensis 10.42.70 


— nasobarbatula 10.42.72 

— ninglangensis 10.42.73 

— nujiangensa 10.42.74 

— obscura 10.42.75 

— obtusirostra 10.42.76, 10.42.100 


— papillosolabiata 10.42.78 

— pappenheimi 10.42.79 

— paradoxa 10.42.80 

— parva 10.42.81 

— pedaschenkoi 10.42.82 

— polyfasciata 10.42.83 

— pseudoscleroptera 10.42.84 

— qiubeiensis 10.42.85 

— retropinnis 10.42.86, 10.42.100

Triplophysa robusta 10.42.87 

— rosa 10.42.88 

— rossoperegrinatorum 10.42.38 

— scapanognatha 10.42.89 

— scleroptera 10.42.90 

— sellaefer 10.42.91 

— sewerzowi 10.42.92 

— shaanxiensis 10.42.93 

— shehensis 10.42.26, 10.42.94 

— shilinensis 10.42.95 

— shiyangensis 10.42.96 

— siluroides 10.42.97 

— stenura 10.42.98 

— stewarti 10.42.99 

— stolickai 10.4.8, 10.42.1, 10.42.27, 

10.42.100 

— strauchii 10.42.101 

— tanggulaensis 10.42.102 

— tianeensis 10.42.103 

— tibetana 10.42.104 

— trewavasae 10.42.34 

— turpanensis 10.42.105 

— ulacholica 10.42.106 

— uranoscopus 10.42.100, 10.42.107 

— venusta 10.42.108 

— waisihani 10.42.109 

— wuweiensis 10.42.110 

— xiangshuingensis 10.42.111 

— xiangxiensis 10.42.112 

— xichangensis 10.42.113 

— xingshanensis 10.42.114 

— xiqiensis 10.42.115 

— yaopeizhii 10.42.116 

— yarkandensis 10.42.15 


— zhaoi 10.42.118 

— zhenfengensis 10.42.119 

Triplophysini 10 

troglocataractus, Nemacheilus 10.21.32 

Troglocobitis 10.43 

Troglocobitis starostini 10.43.1 

tschaiyssuensis, Noemacheilus 10.25.4 

tsin-ting-yu, Gobius 7.5.16 

tuberigum, Nemacheilus 10.21.33 

Tuberoschistura 10.44 

— baenzigeri 10.44.1 

— cambodgiensis 10.44.2 

tubulinaris, Schistura 10.34.186 

tuivaiensis, Physoschistura 10.30.8 

tungpeiensis, Pseudogastromyzon 8.15.1 

tungting, Misgurnus 4.13.1 

turcica, Cobitis 4.5.61 

Turcinoemacheilus 10.45 

— himalaya 10.45.1 

— kosswigi 10.45, 10.45.2 

turcmenicus, Nemachilus 10.28.13 

turcomana, Paraschistura 10.28.14 

turcomanus, Nemachilus 10.28.14 

turdakovi, Dzihunia 10.7.3 

turfanensis, Nemachilus 10.42.118 


turio, Cobitis 10.2.2 

turpanensis, Triplophysa 10.42.105 

tweediei, Homaloptera 7.7.5 

tweediei, Homalopteroides 7.7.5 

typhlops, Protocobitis 4.19, 4.19.2 

U 

udomritthiruji, Botia 2.2.9 

udomritthiruji, Schistura 10.34.187 

ulacholica, Triplophysa 10.42.106 

ulacholicus, Nemachilus 10.42.106 

ulmeri, Homaloptera 7.8.6 

umbrus, Gastromyzon 8.5.33 

unicolor, Misgurnus 4.13.1 

uniformis, Barbatula 10.34.74 

unispina, Canthophrys 10.2.2 

unistriatus, Acanthophthalmus 4.10.11 

uranoscopus, Cobitis 10.42.107 

uranoscopus, Triplophysa 10.42.100, 

10.42.107 

urophthalma, Acanthocobitis 10.2.8 

urophthalmus, Nemachilus 10.2.8 

Ussuria 4.13 

— leptocephala 4.13, 4.13.4 

V 

Vaillantella 3, 3.1 

— cinnamomea 3.1.1 

— euepiptera 3.1.2 

— flavofasciata 3.1.3 

— maassi 3.1.3 

Vaillantellidae 3 

valenciennesi, Homaloptera 7.7.6 

valerii, Nemacheilus 10.42.24 

vallachica, Cobitis 4.20.10 

vallachica, Sabanejewia 4.20.10 

vancuongi, Parabotia 2.5.5 

vanderbilti, Homaloptera 7.8.6 

vanderbilti, Homalopterula 7.8.6 

vanlani, Balitora 7.1.5 

vanlongi, Balitora 7.1.6 

Vanmanenia 8.17 

— caldwelli 8.17.5 

— caobangensis 8.17.6 


— gymnetrus 8.17.8 

— hainanensis 8.17.9 

— homalocephala 8.17.10 

— lineata 8.17.11 

— microlepis 8.17.7 

— monofasciodorsalata 8.17.13 

— multiloba 8.17.1 

— nahangensis 8.17.2 

— pingchowensis 8.17.12 


— serrilineata 8.17.13 

— stenosoma 8.17.14 

— striata 8.17.15 

— tetraloba 8.17.3 

— trifasciodorsalata 8.17.13 

198 

Vanmanenia ventrosquamata 8.17.4 

— xinyiensis 8.17.16 

vardarensis, Cobitis 4.5.62 

vardarensis, Nemachilus 10.4.2 

variabilis, Cobitis 10.4.2 

variegata, Botia 2.4 

variegata, Cobitis 2.4, 2.4.1 

variegata, Homatula 10.11.11 

variegatus, Nemacheilus 10.11.11 

variegatus, Petromizon 4.13.3 

ventrosquamata, Homaloptera 8.17.4 

ventrosquamata, Vanmanenia 8.17.4 

venusta, Triplophysa 10.42.108 

venustus, Gastromyzon 8.5.34 

vermicularis, Acanthophthalmus 4.16.5 

vettonica, Cobitis 4.5.63 

victoriae, Cobitis 4.5.40 

vignai, Paracobitis 10.26.8 

viriosus, Gastromyzon 8.5.35 

vitoriae, Cobitis 4.5.40 

vittata, Cobitis 10.42.65 

vittatus, Canthophrys 4.10.9 

vulgaris, Balitoropsis 7.2.7 

vulgaris, Homaloptera 7.2.7 

W 

waisihani, Triplophysa 10.42.109 

waltoni, Nemacheilus 10.34.189 

waltoni, Schistura 10.34.189 

wassinkii, Homaloptera 7.7, 7.7.6 

wassinkii, Homalopteroides 7.7.6 

weberi, Homaloptera 7.2.5 

weberi, Lepidocephalus 10.21 

whiteheadi, Homaloptera 8.14, 8.14.4 

whiteheadi, Protomyzon 8.14.4 

wui, Botia 2.5.6 

wui, Sinogastromyzon 7.13, 7.13.20 

wujiangensis, Homatula 10.11.12 

wujiangensis, Paracobitis 10.11.12 

wuweiensis, Nemachilus 10.42.110 

wuweiensis, Triplophysa 10.42.110 

X 

xanthi, Nemachilus 2.5.6 

xhatensis, Schistura 10.34.190 

xiangshuingensis, Triplophysa 10.42.111 

xiangxiensis, Noemacheilus 10.42.112 

xiangxiensis, Triplophysa 10.42.112 

xichangensis, Triplophysa 10.42.113 

xingshanensis, Nemachilus 10.42.114 

xingshanensis, Triplophysa 10.42.114 

xinjiangensis, Niwaella 4.15.4 

xinyiensis, Vanmanenia 8.17.16 

xiqiensis, Triplophysa 10.42.115 

Y 

yangi, Erromyzon 8.3.4 

yangzonghaiensis, Eonemachilus 10.8.3 

yangzonghaiensis, Yunnanilus 10.8.3 

yaopeizhii, Triplophysa 10.42.116

yaoshanensis, Formosania 8.17.11 

yaotanensis, Hemimyzon 7.5.16 

yaotanensis, Sinohomaloptera 7.5.16 

yarkandensis, Hedinichthys 10.9.2, 10.9.4 

yarkandensis, Nemacheilus 10.9, 10.9.4 

yarkandensis, Triplophysa 10.42.15 

yasinensis, Indotriplophysa 10.14.7 

yasinensis, Nemachilus 10.14.7 

Yasuhikotakia 2.8 

— caudipunctata 2.8.1 

— eos 2.8.2 

— lecontei 2.8.3 


— modesta 2.8.5 

— morleti 2.8.6 

— splendida 2.8.7 

yeni, Cobitis 4.5 

yenjitee, Schistura 10.34.157 

yenlingi, Oreonectes 10.24.9 

yersini, Schistura 10.34.191 

yingjiangensis, Nemachilus 10.34.192 

yingjiangensis, Schistura 10.34.192 

ylengensis, Cobitis 4.5.64 

yongdokensis, Iksookimia 4.6.6 

yui, Paralepidocephalus 4.17, 4.17.1 

yunnan, Misgurnus 4.13.1 

yunnanensis, Balitoropsis 7.2.8 

yunnanensis, Beaufortia 8.2.15 

yunnanensis, Botia 2.7.5 

yunnanensis, Paraprotomyzon 8.2.15 

yunnanensis, Triplophysa 10.42.117 

Yunnanilini 10 


yunnaniloides, Physoschistura 10.30.9 

Yunnanilus 10, 10.46 

Yunnanilus altus 10.46.1 

— analis 10.46.2 

— bajiangensis 10.46.3 

— beipanjiangensis 10.46.4 

— brevis 10.46 

— caohaiensis 10.46.5 

— chui 10.46.6 

— discoloris 10.46.7 

— elakatis 10.46.8 

— forkicaudalis 10.46.14 

— ganheensis 10.46.9 

— jinxiensis 10.46.10 

— longibarbatus 10.46.11 

— longibulla 10.46.12 


— macrogaster 10.46.13 

— macroiscalus 10.46 

— macrolepis 10.46.20 

— macrositanus 10.46.14 


— niger 10.46.16 

— niulanensis, 10.46.17 

— obtusirostris 10.46.18 

— pachycephalus 10.46.19 

— paludosus 10.46.20 

— parvus 10.46.21 

— pleurotaenia 10.46.22 

— pulcherrimus 10.46.23 

— sichuanensis 10.46.24 

— spanisbripes 10.46.25 

— tigeriveinus 10.46.22 

— yangzonghaiensis 10.8.4 

— zebrinus 10.46.23 

yuwonoi, Balitoropsis 7.2.9 

yuwonoi, Homaloptera 7.2.9 

199 

Z 

zaidamensis, Nemachilus 10.33.3 

zaidamensis, Qinghaichthys 10.33.3 

zaisanicus, Nemachilus 10.42.101 

zamegacephalus, Nemachilus 10.33.4 

zamegacephalus, Qinghaichthys 10.33.4 

zanandreai, Cobitis 4.5.65 

zebra, Botia 2.6.6 

zebra, Canthophrys 2.2, 2.2.3 

zebra, Sinibotia 2.6.6 

zebrinus, Gastromyzon 8.5.36 

zebrinus, Yunnanilus 10.46.23 

zebroida, Beaufortia 8.2.16 

zebroidus, Gastromyzon 8.2.16 

zebroidus, Hemimyzon 8.15, 8.15.4 

zeppelini, Lepidocephalichthys 4.10.18 

zeravschani, Nemacheilus 10.25 

zetensis, Barbatula 10.4.16 

zetensis, Orthrias 10.4.16 

zhaoi, Triplophysa 10.42.118 

zhejiangensis, Cobitis 4.5.66 

zhenfengensis, Triplophysa 10.42.119 

zhengbaoshani, Heminoemacheilus 

10.10, 10.10.2 

zispi, Micronemacheilus 10.41.2 

zollingeri, Balitoropsis 7.2.10 

zollingeri, Homaloptera 7.2.10 

zonalternans, Acanthocobitis 10.2.9 

zonalternans, Cobitis 10.2, 10.2.9 

zonata, Schistura 10.34.158, 10.34.193 

zonata, Serpenticobitis 9.1.3

Conspectus cobitidum - Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research

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