Malawi cichlid checklist - The Cichlid Fishes of Lake Malawi, Africa
Malawi cichlid checklist - The Cichlid Fishes of Lake Malawi, Africa
Malawi cichlid checklist - The Cichlid Fishes of Lake Malawi, Africa
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Checklist <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Cichlid</strong> <strong>Fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lake</strong> <strong>Malawi</strong> (<strong>Lake</strong> Nyasa/Niassa) by M.K. Oliver, Ph.D.<br />
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Checklist <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Cichlid</strong> <strong>Fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lake</strong> <strong>Malawi</strong> (<strong>Lake</strong> Nyasa/Niassa)<br />
by Michael K. Oliver, Ph.D.<br />
Updated 18 August 2012<br />
First posted June 1999<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>cichlid</strong>s <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lake</strong> <strong>Malawi</strong> constitute the largest vertebrate species flock (or complex <strong>of</strong> flocks), and<br />
largest lacustrine fish fauna, on earth. This list includes all <strong>cichlid</strong> species (and the few subspecies) that have been<br />
given formal scientific names. Many – several hundred – additional endemic <strong>cichlid</strong> species are known but still<br />
undescribed, and this fact must be considered in assessing the biodiversity <strong>of</strong> the lake. Current estimates <strong>of</strong> the total<br />
size <strong>of</strong> the lake’s <strong>cichlid</strong> fauna (counting both described, and known but undescribed, species) are 700-843 species<br />
(Turner et al., 2001; Snoeks, 2001; Konings, 2007). Additional undescribed species are still frequently being<br />
discovered, particularly in previously unexplored locations and in deep water.<br />
<strong>The</strong> entire <strong>Lake</strong> <strong>Malawi</strong> <strong>cichlid</strong> metaflock is composed <strong>of</strong> two, possibly separate, endemic clades, the<br />
“Hap” clade and the Mbuna clade. Membership in one or the other, or nonendemic status, is indicated for each<br />
genus, as is the type species <strong>of</strong> each endemic genus. <strong>The</strong> classification and synonymies are primarily based on the<br />
Catalog <strong>of</strong> <strong>Fishes</strong> with a few deviations (notably <strong>of</strong> species included in Cynotilapia and Tropheops). Because this<br />
list has just caught up with several synonymies, the total numbers have dropped somewhat compared with the<br />
previous (19 Apr 2012) version <strong>of</strong> this <strong>checklist</strong>, despite the addition <strong>of</strong> a new species <strong>of</strong> Hemitaeniochromis and the<br />
resurrection <strong>of</strong> Oreochromis saka from synonymy; all synonymized genera and species should now be listed under<br />
their senior synonym. <strong>The</strong> now 57 genera and the 391 species are numbered separately; the few subspecies<br />
recognized are no longer numbered separately and are indented under the nominate subspecies.<br />
Nearly all species are endemic to L. <strong>Malawi</strong>, in some cases extending also into the upper Shiré River<br />
including <strong>Lake</strong> Malombe. <strong>The</strong> nonendemic species number only four or five — Astatotilapia calliptera,<br />
Serranochromis robustus, Oreochromis shiranus (which is, however, represented in the <strong>Lake</strong> by an endemic<br />
subspecies), Tilapia rendalli, and one doubtfully occurring fish, Pseudocrenilabrus philander philander.<br />
Photographs <strong>of</strong> many <strong>of</strong> these fishes, and complete bibliographic citations <strong>of</strong> the taxonomic publications, are<br />
available on the author’s Web site at http://malawi<strong>cichlid</strong>s.com/.<br />
1. Abactochromis Oliver & Arnegard, 2010 — Endemic: Mbuna clade<br />
1. Abactochromis labrosus (Trewavas, 1935) type species<br />
2. Alticorpus Stauffer & McKaye, 1988 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
2. Alticorpus ge<strong>of</strong>freyi Snoeks & Walapa, 2004<br />
3. Alticorpus macrocleithrum (Stauffer & McKaye, 1985)<br />
4. Alticorpus mentale Stauffer & McKaye, 1988 type species<br />
5. Alticorpus pectinatum Stauffer & McKaye, 1988<br />
6. Alticorpus peterdaviesi (Burgess & Axelrod, 1973)<br />
7. Alticorpus pr<strong>of</strong>undicola Stauffer & McKaye, 1988<br />
3. Aristochromis Trewavas, 1935 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
8. Aristochromis christyi Trewavas, 1935 type species<br />
4. Astatotilapia Pellegrin, 1904 — Nonendemic<br />
9. Astatotilapia calliptera (Günther, 1894)<br />
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Checklist <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Cichlid</strong> <strong>Fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lake</strong> <strong>Malawi</strong> (<strong>Lake</strong> Nyasa/Niassa) by M.K. Oliver, Ph.D.<br />
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5. Aulonocara Regan, 1922 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
10. Aulonocara aquilonium Konings, 1995<br />
11. Aulonocara auditor (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
12. Aulonocara baenschi Meyer & Riehl, 1985<br />
13. Aulonocara brevinidus Konings, 1995<br />
14. Aulonocara brevirostre (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
15. Aulonocara ethelwynnae Meyer, Riehl, & Zetzsche, 1987<br />
16. Aulonocara gertrudae Konings, 1995<br />
17. Aulonocara guentheri Eccles, 1989<br />
18. Aulonocara hansbaenschi Meyer, Riehl, & Zetzsche, 1987<br />
19. Aulonocara hueseri Meyer, Riehl, & Zetzsche, 1987<br />
20. Aulonocara jacobfreibergi (Johnson, 1974)<br />
21. Aulonocara koningsi Tawil, 2003<br />
22. Aulonocara korneliae Meyer, Riehl, & Zetzsche, 1987<br />
23. Aulonocara maylandi maylandi Trewavas, 1984<br />
24. Aulonocara maylandi kandeensis Tawil & Allgayer, 1987<br />
25. Aulonocara nyassae Regan, 1922 type species<br />
26. Aulonocara rostratum Trewavas, 1935 [synonym: A. macrochir Trewavas, 1935]<br />
27. Aulonocara saulosi Meyer, Riehl, & Zetzsche, 1987<br />
28. Aulonocara steveni Meyer, Riehl, & Zetzsche, 1987<br />
29. Aulonocara stonemani (Burgess & Axelrod, 1973)<br />
30. Aulonocara stuartgranti Meyer & Riehl, 1985<br />
31. Aulonocara trematocephalum (Boulenger, 1901)<br />
6. Buccochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
32. Buccochromis atritaeniatus (Regan, 1922)<br />
33. Buccochromis heterotaenia (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
34. Buccochromis lepturus (Regan, 1922)<br />
35. Buccochromis nototaenia (Boulenger, 1902) type species<br />
36. Buccochromis oculatus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
37. Buccochromis rhoadesii (Boulenger, 1908)<br />
38. Buccochromis spectabilis (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
7. Caprichromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
39. Caprichromis liemi (McKaye & Mackenzie, 1982)<br />
40. Caprichromis orthognathus (Trewavas, 1935) type species<br />
8. Champsochromis Boulenger, 1915 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
41. Champsochromis caeruleus (Boulenger, 1908) type species<br />
42. Champsochromis spilorhynchus (Regan, 1922)<br />
9. Cheilochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
43. Cheilochromis euchilus (Trewavas, 1935) type species<br />
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Checklist <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Cichlid</strong> <strong>Fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lake</strong> <strong>Malawi</strong> (<strong>Lake</strong> Nyasa/Niassa) by M.K. Oliver, Ph.D.<br />
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10. Chilotilapia Boulenger, 1908 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
44. Chilotilapia rhoadesii Boulenger, 1908 type species<br />
11. Copadichromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
45. Copadichromis atripinnis Stauffer & Sato, 2002<br />
46. Copadichromis azureus Konings, 1990<br />
47. Copadichromis borleyi (Iles, 1960)<br />
48. Copadichromis chizumuluensis Stauffer & Konings, 2006<br />
49. Copadichromis chrysonotus (Boulenger, 1908)<br />
50. Copadichromis cyaneus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
51. Copadichromis cyanocephalus Stauffer & Konings, 2006<br />
52. Copadichromis diplostigma Stauffer & Konings, 2006<br />
53. Copadichromis geertsi Konings, 1999<br />
54. Copadichromis ilesi Konings, 1999<br />
55. Copadichromis insularis Stauffer & Konings, 2006<br />
56. Copadichromis jacksoni (Iles, 1960)<br />
57. Copadichromis likomae (Iles, 1960)<br />
58. Copadichromis mbenjii Konings, 1990<br />
59. Copadichromis melas Stauffer & Konings, 2006<br />
60. Copadichromis mloto (Iles, 1960)<br />
61. Copadichromis nkatae (Iles, 1960)<br />
62. Copadichromis parvus Stauffer & Konings, 2006<br />
63. Copadichromis pleurostigma (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
64. Copadichromis pleurostigmoides (Iles, 1960)<br />
65. Copadichromis quadrimaculatus (Regan, 1922) type species<br />
66. Copadichromis trewavasae Konings, 1999<br />
67. Copadichromis trimaculatus (Iles, 1960)<br />
68. Copadichromis verduyni Konings, 1990<br />
69. Copadichromis virginalis (Iles, 1960)<br />
12. Corematodus Boulenger, 1897 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
70. Corematodus shiranus Boulenger, 1897 type species<br />
71. Corematodus taeniatus Trewavas, 1935<br />
13. Ctenopharynx Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
72. Ctenopharynx intermedius (Günther, 1864) type species<br />
73. Ctenopharynx nitidus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
74. Ctenopharynx pictus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
14. Cyathochromis Trewavas, 1935 — Endemic: Mbuna clade<br />
75. Cyathochromis obliquidens Trewavas, 1935 type species<br />
15. Cynotilapia Regan, 1922 [Synonym: Microchromis Johnson] — Endemic: Mbuna clade<br />
76. Cynotilapia afra (Günther, 1894) type species<br />
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Checklist <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Cichlid</strong> <strong>Fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lake</strong> <strong>Malawi</strong> (<strong>Lake</strong> Nyasa/Niassa) by M.K. Oliver, Ph.D.<br />
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77. Cynotilapia aurifrons (Tawil, 2011)<br />
78. Cynotilapia axelrodi Burgess, 1976<br />
79. Cynotilapia pulpican Tawil, 2002<br />
80. Cynotilapia zebroides (Johnson, 1975)<br />
16. Cyrtocara Boulenger, 1902 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
81. Cyrtocara moorii Boulenger, 1902 type species<br />
17. Dimidiochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
82. Dimidiochromis compressiceps (Boulenger, 1908)<br />
83. Dimidiochromis dimidiatus (Günther, 1864)<br />
84. Dimidiochromis kiwinge (Ahl, 1926)<br />
85. Dimidiochromis strigatus (Regan, 1922) type species<br />
18. Diplotaxodon Trewavas, 1935 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
86. Diplotaxodon aeneus Turner & Stauffer, 1998<br />
87. Diplotaxodon apogon Turner & Stauffer, 1998<br />
88. Diplotaxodon argenteus Trewavas, 1935 type species<br />
89. Diplotaxodon ecclesi Burgess & Axelrod, 1973<br />
90. Diplotaxodon greenwoodi Stauffer & McKaye, 1986<br />
91. Diplotaxodon limnothrissa Turner, 1994<br />
92. Diplotaxodon macrops Turner & Stauffer, 1998<br />
19. Docimodus Boulenger, 1897 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
93. Docimodus evelynae Eccles & Lewis, 1976<br />
94. Docimodus johnstoni Boulenger, 1897 type species<br />
20. Eclectochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
95. Eclectochromis lobochilus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
96. Eclectochromis ornatus (Regan, 1922) type species [synonym: E. festivus (Trewavas, 1935)]<br />
21. Exochochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
97. Exochochromis anagenys Oliver, 1989 type species<br />
22. Fossorochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
98. Fossorochromis rostratus (Boulenger, 1899) type species [synonym: Haplochromis macrorhynchus Regan,<br />
1021]<br />
23. Genyochromis Trewavas, 1935 — Endemic: Mbuna clade<br />
99. Genyochromis mento Trewavas, 1935 type species<br />
24. Gephyrochromis Boulenger, 1901 [Synonym: Christyella Trewavas, 1935] — Endemic: Mbuna clade<br />
100. Gephyrochromis lawsi Fryer, 1957<br />
101. Gephyrochromis moorii Boulenger, 1901 type species [synonym: Christyella nyasana Trewavas, 1935]<br />
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Checklist <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Cichlid</strong> <strong>Fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lake</strong> <strong>Malawi</strong> (<strong>Lake</strong> Nyasa/Niassa) by M.K. Oliver, Ph.D.<br />
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25. Hemitaeniochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
102. Hemitaeniochromis brachyrhynchus Oliver, 2012<br />
103. Hemitaeniochromis urotaenia (Regan, 1922) type species<br />
26. Hemitilapia Boulenger, 1902 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
104. Hemitilapia oxyrhyncha Boulenger, 1902 type species<br />
27. Iodotropheus Oliver & Loiselle, 1972 — Endemic: Mbuna clade<br />
105. Iodotropheus declivitas Stauffer, 1994 [Konings (2007) considers this a synonym <strong>of</strong> I. sprengerae)]<br />
106. Iodotropheus sprengerae Oliver & Loiselle, 1972 type species<br />
107. Iodotropheus stuartgranti Konings, 1990<br />
28. Labeotropheus Ahl, 1926 — Endemic: Mbuna clade<br />
108. Labeotropheus fuelleborni Ahl, 1926 type species [synonym: L. curvirostris Ahl, 1926]<br />
109. Labeotropheus trewavasae Fryer, 1956<br />
29. Labidochromis Trewavas, 1935 — Endemic: Mbuna clade<br />
110. Labidochromis caeruleus Fryer, 1956<br />
111. Labidochromis chisumulae Lewis, 1982<br />
112. Labidochromis flavigulis Lewis, 1982<br />
113. Labidochromis freibergi Johnson, 1974<br />
114. Labidochromis gigas Lewis, 1982<br />
115. Labidochromis heterodon Lewis, 1982<br />
116. Labidochromis ianthinus Lewis, 1982<br />
117. Labidochromis joanjohnsonae Johnson, 1974 [generic placement as in Konings & Stauffer, 2012; synonym:<br />
Melanochromis exasperatus Burgess, 1976]<br />
118. Labidochromis lividus Lewis, 1982<br />
119. Labidochromis maculicauda Lewis, 1982<br />
120. Labidochromis mathotho Burgess & Axelrod, 1976<br />
121. Labidochromis mbenjii Lewis, 1982<br />
122. Labidochromis mylodon Lewis, 1982<br />
123. Labidochromis pallidus Lewis, 1982<br />
124. Labidochromis shiranus Lewis, 1982<br />
125. Labidochromis strigatus Lewis, 1982<br />
126. Labidochromis textilis Oliver, 1975<br />
127. Labidochromis vellicans Trewavas, 1935 type species<br />
128. Labidochromis zebroides Lewis, 1982<br />
30. Lethrinops Regan, 1922 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
129. Lethrinops albus Regan, 1922<br />
130. Lethrinops altus Trewavas, 1931<br />
131. Lethrinops argenteus Ahl, 1926<br />
132. Lethrinops auritus (Regan, 1922)<br />
133. Lethrinops christyi Trewavas, 1931<br />
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134. Lethrinops furcifer Trewavas, 1931<br />
135. Lethrinops gossei Burgess & Axelrod, 1973<br />
136. Lethrinops leptodon Regan, 1922<br />
137. Lethrinops lethrinus (Günther, 1894) type species<br />
138. Lethrinops longimanus Trewavas, 1931<br />
139. Lethrinops longipinnis Eccles & Lewis, 1978<br />
140. Lethrinops lunaris Trewavas, 1931<br />
141. Lethrinops macracanthus Trewavas, 1931<br />
142. Lethrinops macrochir (Regan, 1922)<br />
143. Lethrinops macrophthalmus (Boulenger, 1908)<br />
144. Lethrinops marginatus Ahl, 1926<br />
145. Lethrinops micrentodon (Regan, 1922)<br />
146. Lethrinops microdon Eccles & Lewis, 1977<br />
147. Lethrinops microstoma Trewavas, 1931<br />
148. Lethrinops mylodon mylodon Eccles & Lewis, 1979<br />
Lethrinops mylodon borealis Eccles & Lewis, 1979<br />
149. Lethrinops oculatus Trewavas, 1931<br />
150. Lethrinops parvidens Trewavas, 1931<br />
151. Lethrinops stridei Eccles & Lewis, 1977<br />
152. Lethrinops turneri Ngatunga & Snoeks, 2003<br />
31. Lichnochromis Trewavas, 1935 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
153. Lichnochromis acuticeps Trewavas, 1935 type species<br />
32. Maylandia Meyer & Foerster, 1984 [Synonym: Metriaclima Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg, & McKaye<br />
(1997); see Eschmeyer’s online Catalog <strong>of</strong> <strong>Fishes</strong> – http://bit.ly/Ouhlbm] — Endemic: Mbuna clade<br />
Note: Originally proposed as a subgenus <strong>of</strong> Pseudotropheus.<br />
154. Maylandia aurora (Burgess, 1976)<br />
155. Maylandia barlowi (McKaye & Stauffer, 1986)<br />
156. Maylandia benetos (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg, & McKaye, 1997)<br />
157. Maylandia callainos (Stauffer & Hert, 1992)<br />
158. Maylandia chrysomallos (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg, & McKaye, 1997)<br />
159. Maylandia cyneusmarginata (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg, & McKaye, 1997)<br />
160. Maylandia elegans (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
161. Maylandia emmiltos (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg, & McKaye, 1997)<br />
162. Maylandia estherae (Konings, 1995)<br />
163. Maylandia fainzilberi (Staeck, 1976)<br />
164. Maylandia flavifemina (Konings & Stauffer, 2006)<br />
165. Maylandia glaucos (Ciccotto, Konings, & Stauffer, 2011)<br />
166. Maylandia greshakei (Meyer & Foerster, 1984) type species<br />
167. Maylandia hajomaylandi (Meyer & Schartl, 1984)<br />
168. Maylandia heteropictus (Staeck, 1980)<br />
169. Maylandia lanisticola (Burgess, 1976)<br />
170. Maylandia livingstonii (Boulenger, 1899)<br />
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171. Maylandia lombardoi (Burgess, 1977)<br />
172. Maylandia mbenjii (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg, & McKaye, 1997)<br />
173. Maylandia mossambica (Ciccotto, Konings, & Stauffer, 2011)<br />
174. Maylandia nkhunguensis (Ciccotto, Konings, & Stauffer, 2011)<br />
175. Maylandia phaeos (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg, & McKaye, 1997)<br />
176. Maylandia pursus (Stauffer, 1991)<br />
177. Maylandia pyrsonotos (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg, & McKaye, 1997) [synonym: M. sandaracinos (Stauffer,<br />
Bowers, Kellogg, & McKaye, 1997)]<br />
178. Maylandia sciasma (Ciccotto, Konings, & Stauffer, 2011)<br />
179. Maylandia thapsinogen (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg, & McKaye, 1997)<br />
180. Maylandia xanstomachus (Stauffer & Boltz, 1989)<br />
181. Maylandia xanthos (Ciccotto, Konings, & Stauffer, 2011)<br />
182. Maylandia zebra (Boulenger, 1899) [synonym: M. melabranchion (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg, & McKaye,<br />
1997)]<br />
33. Mchenga Stauffer & Konings, 2006 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
183. Mchenga conophoros (Stauffer, LoVullo, & McKaye, 1993)<br />
184. Mchenga cyclicos (Stauffer, LoVullo, & McKaye, 1993) type species<br />
185. Mchenga eucinostomus (Regan, 1922)<br />
186. Mchenga flavimanus (Iles, 1960)<br />
187. Mchenga inornata (Boulenger, 1908)<br />
188. Mchenga thinos (Stauffer, LoVullo, & McKaye, 1993)<br />
34. Melanochromis Trewavas, 1935 — Endemic: Mbuna clade (included species after Konings &<br />
Stauffer, 2012)<br />
189. Melanochromis auratus (Boulenger, 1897)<br />
190. Melanochromis baliodigma Bowers & Stauffer, 1997 [synonym: M. xanthodigma Bowers & Stauffer, 1997]<br />
191. Melanochromis chipokae Johnson, 1975<br />
192. Melanochromis dialeptos Bowers & Stauffer, 1997<br />
193. Melanochromis heterochromis Bowers & Stauffer, 1993<br />
194. Melanochromis kaskazini Konings-Dudin, Konings, & Stauffer, 2009<br />
195. Melanochromis lepidiadaptes Bowers & Stauffer, 1997<br />
196. Melanochromis loriae Johnson, 1975 [synonym: M. parallelus Burgess & Axelrod, 1976]<br />
197. Melanochromis melanopterus Trewavas, 1935 type species [synonym: Melanochromis mellitus Johnson, 1976]<br />
198. Melanochromis mossambiquensis Konings-Dudin, Konings, & Stauffer, 2009<br />
199. Melanochromis mpoto Konings & Stauffer, 2012<br />
200. Melanochromis robustus Johnson, 1986<br />
201. Melanochromis simulans Eccles, 1973<br />
202. Melanochromis vermivorus Trewavas, 1935<br />
203. Melanochromis wochepa Konings-Dudin, Konings, & Stauffer, 2009<br />
35. Mylochromis Regan, 1922 [Synonyms: Maravichromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989; Platygnathochromis<br />
Eccles & Trewavas, 1989] — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
204. Mylochromis anaphyrmus (Burgess & Axelrod, 1973)<br />
205. Mylochromis balteatus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
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206. Mylochromis chekopae Turner & Howarth, 2001<br />
207. Mylochromis ensatus Turner & Howarth, 2001<br />
208. Mylochromis epichorialis (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
209. Mylochromis ericotaenia (Regan, 1922)<br />
210. Mylochromis formosus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
211. Mylochromis guentheri (Regan, 1922)<br />
212. Mylochromis incola (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
213. Mylochromis labidodon (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
214. Mylochromis lateristriga (Günther, 1864) type species<br />
215. Mylochromis melanonotus (Regan, 1922)<br />
216. Mylochromis melanotaenia (Regan, 1922)<br />
217. Mylochromis mola (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
218. Mylochromis mollis (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
219. Mylochromis obtusus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
220. Mylochromis plagiotaenia (Regan, 1922)<br />
221. Mylochromis semipalatus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
222. Mylochromis sphaerodon (Regan, 1922)<br />
36. Naevochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
223. Naevochromis chrysogaster (Trewavas, 1935) type species<br />
37. Nimbochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
224. Nimbochromis fuscotaeniatus (Regan, 1922) [May belong in Tyrannochromis]<br />
225. Nimbochromis linni (Burgess & Axelrod, 1974)<br />
226. Nimbochromis livingstonii (Günther, 1894) type species<br />
227. Nimbochromis polystigma (Regan, 1922) [synonyms: N. maculimanus (Regan, 1922); N. pardalis (Trewavas,<br />
1935)]<br />
228. Nimbochromis venustus (Boulenger, 1908) [synonym: Haplochromis simulans Regan, 1922]<br />
38. Nyassachromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
229. Nyassachromis boadzulu (Iles, 1960)<br />
230. Nyassachromis breviceps (Regan, 1922) type species<br />
231. Nyassachromis leuciscus (Regan, 1922)<br />
232. Nyassachromis microcephalus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
233. Nyassachromis nigritaeniatus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
234. Nyassachromis prostoma (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
235. Nyassachromis purpurans (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
236. Nyassachromis serenus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
39. Oreochromis Günther, 1889 — Nonendemic genus. Except for O. shiranus, all L. <strong>Malawi</strong> species have<br />
been placed in the subgenus Nyasalapia, which also includes species not found in L. <strong>Malawi</strong>.<br />
237. Oreochromis (Nyasalapia) karongae (Trewavas, 1941) — Endemic species.<br />
238. Oreochromis (Nyasalapia) lidole (Trewavas, 1941) — Endemic species, except also occurs in the crater lakes<br />
L. Kingiri and L. Chungruru in the Rungwe Mtns. in Tanzania some 50 km north <strong>of</strong> L. <strong>Malawi</strong>.<br />
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239. Oreochromis (Nyasalapia) saka (Lowe, 1953) — Endemic species.<br />
240. Oreochromis (Nyasalapia) squamipinnis (Günther, 1864) — Endemic species.<br />
241. Oreochromis (Oreochromis) shiranus shiranus Boulenger, 1897 — Endemic subspecies <strong>of</strong> a nonendemic<br />
species. O. shiranus is composed <strong>of</strong> two subspecies: O. s. shiranus, endemic to the <strong>Lake</strong> <strong>Malawi</strong> basin<br />
(including inflowing rivers and the upper Shiré River), and O. s. chilwae, endemic to <strong>Lake</strong>s Chilwa and<br />
Chiuta.<br />
40. Otopharynx Regan, 1920 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
242. Otopharynx antron Cleaver, Konings, & Stauffer, 2009<br />
243. Otopharynx argyrosoma (Regan, 1922)<br />
244. Otopharynx auromarginatus (Boulenger, 1908) type species<br />
245. Otopharynx brooksi Oliver, 1989<br />
246. Otopharynx decorus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
247. Otopharynx heterodon (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
248. Otopharynx lithobates Oliver, 1989 [synonym: O. walteri Konings, 1990]<br />
249. Otopharynx ovatus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
250. Otopharynx pachycheilus Arnegard & Snoeks, 2001<br />
251. Otopharynx selenurus Regan, 1922<br />
252. Otopharynx speciosus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
253. Otopharynx spelaeotes Cleaver, Konings, & Stauffer, 2009<br />
254. Otopharynx tetraspilus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
255. Otopharynx tetrastigma (Günther, 1894)<br />
41. Pallidochromis Turner, 1994 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
256. Pallidochromis tokolosh Turner, 1994 type species<br />
42. Petrotilapia Trewavas, 1935 — Endemic: Mbuna clade<br />
257. Petrotilapia chrysos Stauffer & van Snik, 1996<br />
258. Petrotilapia flaviventris Lundeba, Stauffer, & Konings, 2011<br />
259. Petrotilapia genalutea Marsh, 1983<br />
260. Petrotilapia microgalana Ruffing, Lambert, & Stauffer, 2006<br />
261. Petrotilapia mumboensis Lundeba, Stauffer, & Konings, 2011<br />
262. Petrotilapia nigra Marsh, 1983<br />
263. Petrotilapia palingnathos Lundeba, Stauffer, & Konings, 2011<br />
264. Petrotilapia pyroscelos Lundeba, Stauffer, & Konings, 2011<br />
265. Petrotilapia tridentiger Trewavas, 1935 type species<br />
266. Petrotilapia xanthos Lundeba, Stauffer, & Konings, 2011<br />
43. Placidochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
267. Placidochromis acuticeps Hanssens, 2004<br />
268. Placidochromis acutirostris Hanssens, 2004<br />
269. Placidochromis argyrogaster Hanssens, 2004<br />
270. Placidochromis boops Hanssens, 2004<br />
271. Placidochromis borealis Hanssens, 2004<br />
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272. Placidochromis chilolae Hanssens, 2004<br />
273. Placidochromis communis Hanssens, 2004<br />
274. Placidochromis domirae Hanssens, 2004<br />
275. Placidochromis ecclesi Hanssens, 2004<br />
276. Placidochromis electra (Burgess, 1979)<br />
277. Placidochromis elongatus Hanssens, 2004<br />
278. Placidochromis fuscus Hanssens, 2004<br />
279. Placidochromis hennydaviesae (Burgess & Axelrod, 1973)<br />
280. Placidochromis intermedius Hanssens, 2004<br />
281. Placidochromis johnstoni (Günther, 1894) [synonym: Haplochromis sexfasciatus Regan, 1922]<br />
282. Placidochromis koningsi Hanssens, 2004<br />
283. Placidochromis lineatus Hanssens, 2004<br />
284. Placidochromis longimanus (Trewavas, 1935) type species<br />
285. Placidochromis longirostris Hanssens, 2004<br />
286. Placidochromis longus Hanssens, 2004<br />
287. Placidochromis lukomae Hanssens, 2004<br />
288. Placidochromis macroceps Hanssens, 2004<br />
289. Placidochromis macrognathus Hanssens, 2004<br />
290. Placidochromis mbunoides Hanssens, 2004<br />
291. Placidochromis milomo Oliver, 1989<br />
292. Placidochromis minor Hanssens, 2004<br />
293. Placidochromis minutus Hanssens, 2004<br />
294. Placidochromis msakae Hanssens, 2004<br />
295. Placidochromis nigribarbis Hanssens, 2004<br />
296. Placidochromis nkhatae Hanssens, 2004<br />
297. Placidochromis nkhotakotae Hanssens, 2004<br />
298. Placidochromis obscurus Hanssens, 2004<br />
299. Placidochromis ordinarius Hanssens, 2004<br />
300. Placidochromis orthognathus Hanssens, 2004<br />
301. Placidochromis pallidus Hanssens, 2004<br />
302. Placidochromis phenochilus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
303. Placidochromis platyrhynchos Hanssens, 2004<br />
304. Placidochromis polli (Burgess & Axelrod, 1973)<br />
305. Placidochromis rotundifrons Hanssens, 2004<br />
306. Placidochromis subocularis (Günther, 1894)<br />
307. Placidochromis trewavasae Hanssens, 2004<br />
308. Placidochromis turneri Hanssens, 2004<br />
309. Placidochromis vulgaris Hanssens, 2004<br />
44. Protomelas Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
310. Protomelas annectens (Regan, 1922)<br />
311. Protomelas dejunctus Stauffer, 1993<br />
312. Protomelas fenestratus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
313. Protomelas insignis (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
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314. Protomelas kirkii (Günther, 1894) type species<br />
315. Protomelas labridens (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
316. Protomelas macrodon Eccles, 1989<br />
317. Protomelas marginatus marginatus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
Protomelas marginatus vuae (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
318. Protomelas pleurotaenia (Boulenger, 1901) [synonym: Haplochromis microstoma Regan, 1922]<br />
319. Protomelas similis (Regan, 1922)<br />
320. Protomelas spilonotus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
321. Protomelas spilopterus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
322. Protomelas taeniolatus (Trewavas, 1935) [synonym: Haplochromis cancellus Greenwood, 1963]<br />
323. Protomelas triaenodon (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
324. Protomelas virgatus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
45. Pseudocrenilabrus Fowler, 1934 — Nonendemic<br />
325. Pseudocrenilabrus philander philander (Weber, 1897) [Note: This genus and species is listed as occurring in<br />
L. <strong>Malawi</strong> by CLOFFA, Checklist <strong>of</strong> the Freshwater <strong>Fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Africa</strong> (1991, Vol. IV: 396); see also<br />
http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Pseudocrenilabrus-philander+philander.html. No literature or specimen<br />
citation was provided in support <strong>of</strong> this listing. <strong>The</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>Lake</strong> <strong>Malawi</strong> seems<br />
doubtful and should be substantiated by a museum specimen.]<br />
46. Pseudotropheus Regan, 1922 — Endemic: Mbuna clade. Note: Many additional species were formerly<br />
placed in Pseudotropheus within two groups originally proposed as subgenera, Maylandia and Tropheops,<br />
both now recognized as full genera (which see). It is thought that some <strong>of</strong> the species included below<br />
belong in Pseudotropheus sensu stricto, but that others below may eventually reside in other genera.<br />
326. Pseudotropheus ater Stauffer, 1988<br />
327. Pseudotropheus benetos (Bowers & Stauffer, 1997)<br />
328. Pseudotropheus brevis (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
329. Pseudotropheus crabro (Ribbink & Lewis, 1982)<br />
330. Pseudotropheus cyaneorhabdos (Bowers & Stauffer, 1997)<br />
331. Pseudotropheus cyaneus Stauffer, 1988<br />
332. Pseudotropheus demasoni Konings, 1994<br />
333. Pseudotropheus elongatus Fryer, 1956<br />
334. Pseudotropheus flavus Stauffer, 1988<br />
335. Pseudotropheus fuscoides Fryer, 1956<br />
336. Pseudotropheus fuscus Trewavas, 1935<br />
337. Pseudotropheus galanos Stauffer & Kellogg, 2002<br />
338. Pseudotropheus interruptus (Johnson, 1975) [synonym: Melanochromis elastodema Bowers & Stauffer, 1997]<br />
339. Pseudotropheus johannii Eccles, 1973<br />
340. Pseudotropheus longior Seegers, 1996<br />
341. Pseudotropheus minutus Fryer, 1956<br />
342. Pseudotropheus perileucos (Bowers & Stauffer, 1997)<br />
343. Pseudotropheus perspicax (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
344. Pseudotropheus purpuratus Johnson, 1976<br />
345. Pseudotropheus saulosi Konings, 1990<br />
346. Pseudotropheus socol<strong>of</strong>i Johnson, 1974<br />
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347. Pseudotropheus tursiops Burgess & Axelrod, 1975<br />
348. Pseudotropheus williamsi (Günther, 1894) type species<br />
47. Rhamphochromis Regan, 1922 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
349. Rhamphochromis esox (Boulenger, 1908) [synonyms: R. leptosoma Regan, 1922; R. melanotus Ahl, 1926]<br />
350. Rhamphochromis ferox Regan, 1922<br />
351. Rhamphochromis longiceps (Günther, 1864) type species<br />
352. Rhamphochromis macrophthalmus Regan, 1922<br />
353. Rhamphochromis woodi Regan, 1922 [synonyms: R. brevis Trewavas, 1935; R. lucius Ahl, 1926]<br />
48. Sciaenochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
354. Sciaenochromis ahli (Trewavas, 1935) type species [synonym: Haplochromis serranoides Ahl, 1926]<br />
355. Sciaenochromis benthicola Konings, 1993<br />
356. Sciaenochromis fryeri Konings, 1993<br />
357. Sciaenochromis gracilis (Trewavas, 1935) [Note: Sometimes classified in Mylochromis]<br />
358. Sciaenochromis psammophilus Konings, 1993<br />
359. Sciaenochromis spilostichus (Trewavas, 1935) [Note: Sometimes classified in Mylochromis]<br />
49. Serranochromis Regan, 1920 — Nonendemic<br />
360. Serranochromis robustus robustus (Günther, 1864)<br />
50. Stigmatochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade.<br />
361. Stigmatochromis macrorhynchos Stauffer, Cleaver-Yoder, & Konings, 2011<br />
362. Stigmatochromis melanchros Stauffer, Cleaver-Yoder, & Konings, 2011<br />
363. Stigmatochromis modestus (Günther, 1894)<br />
364. Stigmatochromis pholidophorus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
365. Stigmatochromis pleurospilus (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
366. Stigmatochromis woodi (Regan, 1922) type species<br />
51. Taeniochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade.<br />
367. Taeniochromis holotaenia (Regan, 1922) type species [synonym: Haplochromis bodyi Ahl, 1926]<br />
52. Taeniolethrinops Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
368. Taeniolethrinops cyrtonotus (Trewavas, 1931)<br />
369. Taeniolethrinops furcicauda (Trewavas, 1931)<br />
370. Taeniolethrinops laticeps (Trewavas, 1931)<br />
371. Taeniolethrinops praeorbitalis (Regan, 1922) type species [synonyms: Lethrinops fasciatus Ahl, 1926; L.<br />
macrorhynchus Regan, 1922]<br />
53. Tilapia Smith, 1840 — Nonendemic<br />
372. Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger, 1897)<br />
373. Tilapia sparrmanii Smith, 1840 Note: G. Bell-Cross (<strong>The</strong> <strong>Fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> Rhodesia. National Museums and<br />
Monuments <strong>of</strong> Rhodesia, Salisbury, 1976: 236) reported this tilapia to occur in L. <strong>Malawi</strong> and the same<br />
statement was repeated by Bell-Cross and J. L. Minshull in the revised edition <strong>of</strong> the same book (<strong>The</strong><br />
<strong>Fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> Zimbabwe. National Museums and Monuments <strong>of</strong> Zimbabwe, Harare, 1988: 271). B. Marshall<br />
(<strong>The</strong> <strong>Fishes</strong> <strong>of</strong> Zimbabwe and their Biology. Smithiana Monograph 3, 2011: 235) also states that it occurs<br />
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in <strong>Lake</strong> <strong>Malawi</strong> and includes a dot for it just below the lake’s southeast arm in the distribution map. No<br />
supporting details or literature citation are provided in any <strong>of</strong> these books. However, I was finally<br />
persuaded that this species should be listed as part <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Lake</strong> <strong>Malawi</strong> fauna by an email from Denis<br />
Tweddle (pers. commun. 27-Feb-2012); Denis wrote that “I have never seen it in the lake itself but it<br />
occurs right on the edge and must occasionally get into the lake. It is abundant (or at least was in 1976)<br />
around the gabions <strong>of</strong> the bridge over the entrance to Chia Lagoon and that could be regarded as an inlet <strong>of</strong><br />
the lake.” I agree; the road bridge over the Chia Lagoon inlet (which I have also driven over) is only 600 m<br />
from <strong>Lake</strong> <strong>Malawi</strong> proper, as can be measured in Google Earth. <strong>The</strong> channel between the lagoon and the<br />
lake proper appears quite uniform; T. sparrmanii would be expected to occur along its entire length.<br />
54. Tramitichromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
374. Tramitichromis brevis (Boulenger, 1908) type species<br />
375. Tramitichromis intermedius (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
376. Tramitichromis lituris (Trewavas, 1931)<br />
377. Tramitichromis trilineatus (Trewavas, 1931)<br />
378. Tramitichromis variabilis (Trewavas, 1931)<br />
55. Trematocranus Trewavas, 1935 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
379. Trematocranus labifer (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
380. Trematocranus microstoma Trewavas, 1935 type species<br />
381. Trematocranus placodon (Regan, 1922)<br />
56. Tropheops Trewavas, 1984 — Endemic: Mbuna clade. [Note: Originally proposed as a subgenus <strong>of</strong><br />
Pseudotropheus]<br />
382. Tropheops gracilior (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
383. Tropheops lucerna (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
384. Tropheops macrophthalmus (Ahl, 1926)<br />
385. Tropheops microstoma (Trewavas, 1935)<br />
386. Tropheops modestus (Johnson, 1974)<br />
387. Tropheops novemfasciatus (Regan, 1922)<br />
388. Tropheops romandi (Colombe, 1979)<br />
389. Tropheops tropheops (Regan, 1922) type species<br />
57. Tyrannochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 — Endemic: “Hap” clade<br />
390. Tyrannochromis macrostoma (Regan, 1922) type species [synonyms: T. maculiceps (Ahl, 1926); T. polyodon<br />
(Trewavas, 1935)]<br />
391. Tyrannochromis nigriventer Eccles, 1989<br />
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