Import and Export legislation - Ornamental Fish International

Legislation 

Companies who import and export live 

ornamental fish have are confronted 

with many types of legislation. Most of 

these companies have to pay taxes on 

imports, exports, and/or their profit, 

and also have to deal with legislation 

on waste production, pollution, 

employees and much, much 

more. 

In the last decades, 

the ornamental 

aquatic industry 

has seen an 

increasing 

amount of 

national and 

international 

legislation, on 

species and 

animal 

protection, 

animal health and 

the right to have a 

business in the 

ornamental aquatic 

industry. 

Are we happy with this 

development? Yes and no! Our 

industry does not like to see any 

restriction on our activities, and we 

certainly do not like the ever-increasing 

administration and bureaucracy, and 

65 

Ornamental Fish International 

Import and Export Legislation 

By Alex Ploeg, Secretary General of OFI 

last but not least, we do not like 

legislation developed for problems that 

are not even present in our line of 

work but rather exist for other groups 

of animals. 

However, we should also realise that 

we deal with live animals and as 

such we are very vulnerable 

to criticism and 

sometimes the 

criticism is justified! 

As in all sensitive 

issues, the 

extreme 

excesses reach 

newspapers 

worldwide. The 

more closely 

the industry 

follows 

internationally 

accepted 

standards, laid 

down in national 

and international 

legislation, the better 

the industry can show its 

professionalism. The more 

the industry shows that it complies 

with the rules through a transparency 

of working methods, the better the 

industry is able to deal with critics, 

attacks and even campaigns and show 

the public that the ornamental fish


industry is an ethically responsible 

industry. 

Types of legislation 

In general we deal with three types of 

legislation: 

1) Customs legislation (transport of 

what is mentioned on the invoice, in 

the quantities indicated, and 

payment of the requested taxes); 

2) Animal welfare legislation (transport 

conditions, demands on importers 

and exporters, welfare of the 

animals during transport); and 

3) Animal Health legislation 

(avoidance of importation of 

infectious diseases, which can 

harm fish stocks in the importing 

country). 

The first of these three, customs 

legislation, is usually regulated on a 

KLM Animal hotel at Schiphol airport, one of the Dutch Border 

Inspection Posts (BIP’s). Photo: Alex Ploeg 

66 

Legislation 

national level, as customs checks 

usually take place at the port of entry 

to a country. In Europe it is arranged 

on a European level, as all agricultural 

products entering the European Union 

(EU) are inspected at the first entry 

point into the EU, for fish this is usually 

at the first border inspection post 

(BIP). 

The two other types of legislation 

usually take place at a national and an 

international level. 

On a national level 

In most countries nowadays people 

cannot just start a business in the 

ornamental aquatic industry. They 

need a permit to do so and in many 

countries it is not enough to officially 

register and pay your taxes, the 

companies need to show that they 

have enough knowledge to handle live 

animals properly. Huso-Kallio, Deputy 

Director of DG SANCO stated at the 

first European 

conference on 

animal welfare: " 

Animal Welfare is 

here…and it is here 

to stay". She 

considered Animal 

Welfare to be a 

"European value" 

and in this statement 

she was wrong. It is 

just as much an 

Australian value or 

an American value. 

In the near future we 

will see that more

Legislation 

67 


Under new 

Austrian law, 

aquariums or 

ponds for two 

large fish - like koi 

- must have a 

length of minimum 

ten (10) times the 

maximum length 

of the fish 

species, and a 

width three (3) 

times the 

maximum length. 

Photo: Alex 

Ploeg 

Many species of snakeheads are not allowed for import into several States of the USA as 

they are able to survive in natureal waters. They have been imported both as foodfish, 

but also as ornamental fish. Photo: Aqualog


and more countries will demand 

proven expertise in the form of 

certification for the trade in live 

ornamental fish, especially in relation 

to animal welfare. Countries will also 

put demands on the way in which fish 

are kept. Such legislation is already in 

place in countries such as Germany 

and Austria. 

More and more countries are 

developing legislation to protect their 

own fauna, among which their 

ichthyofauna, their fish. Especially 

countries which are rich in ornamental 

fish are taking measures, e.g. in South 

America. Brazil works with a positive 

list of fish allowed to be exported 

(Table I, at the end of this chapter), 

and also has established export quota 

for certain fish 

as well 

protective 

legislation for 

certain 

species (Table 

II and III). 

Peru works 

with a list of 

species 

prohibited for 

export and 

with a quota 

system (Table 

IV, at the end 

of this 

chapter) for 

some fish. 

Countries in 

other parts of 

the world such 

as Sri Lanka 

68 

Legislation 

and Singapore also have strict 

regulations. Other countries have 

taken measures to prevent imported 

fish from becoming established in their 

territory (e.g. USA for Piranhas and 

Snakeheads, UK for a variety of 

coldwater fish and Australia for many 

fish species). Legislation in the USA is 

further complicated by the fact that 

some states prohibit fish which are 

allowed in others). 

Importers should be aware of these 

restrictions for their own country, but 

also for the country from which they 

import! 

Handling or ornamental fish at the Animal Hotel of KLM at Schiphol 

Airport. Photo: KLM Cargo

Legislation 

On an international level 

IATA 

On an international level 

we are faced with various 

types of legislation. The 

IATA in its Live Animal Regulations 

(IATA-Lar) set rules for airlines for the 

packing of animals. The IATA-Lar has 

been incorporated in the national 

legislation of many countries and has 

therefore become international 

legislation. 

The term IATA stands for International 

Air Transport Associations. It is 

the most important association 

in the air transport sector. All 

major airlines worldwide are 

members of IATA. IATA is also a 

standard setting organisation, 

for flight safety, for maintenance 

but also for animal welfare 

during air transport. 

To ensure the safe transport of 

live animals by air, IATA has 

established the Live Animal 

Regulations. These regulations 

provide a set of detailed rules 

for packing methods, labelling of 

containers, feeding and watering 

during transport, documentation 

and all other matters related to 

the transport of animals. The 

Regulations are updated every 

two years and a copy of the 

Regulations can be obtained 

from IATA (http://www.iata.org/ 

ps/publications/9105.htm) in 

digital format on CD Rom or in 

book form. 

69 


The Regulations are 

updated by a committee of 

IATA, consisting of animal 

transport specialists after 

consulting with observers 

from animal welfare 

organisations and animal protection 

organisations and with input from the 

trade. 

Although developed by an association, 

the IATA Live Animal Regulations are 

incorporated into the national laws of 

many countries. 

The IATA in its Live Animal Regulations (IATA-Lar) 

set rules for airlines for the packing of animals.

Legislation 

Container requirements 

Fish are regulated by Container 

Requirements 51 for goldfish and 

tropical fish, and 52 for koi carp, fish 

up-to 100 cm, sharks 40-100 cm and 

sturgeon. 

Most important characteristics of 

proper packing: 

Fish are packed in an inner container 

consisting of a plastic bag, preferably 

packed into a second plastic bag to 

prevent leaking. For spiny fishes, 

several layers of paper can be used 

between the two layers of plastic. 

Plastic bags are packed in an 

insulating styrofoam outer container. 

Fish are packed in the plastic bag filled 

with 1/3 water and 2/3 oxygen. For 

larger fish it is also required that the 

water covers the fish completely. 

Additions to the water for maintaining 

the quality of the packing water are the 

shipper's responsibility, as are the 

packing quantities and any individual 

packing. The packing must be good 

enough to keep the fish alive for at 

least 48 hours after acceptance by the 

airline for fish covered by Container 

Requirement 51 and for 18 hours after 

acceptance by the airline for fish 

covered by Container Requirement 52. 

The outer container has a label indicating 

that the contents are live fish, the time 

of packing, which side of the box is 

the top, and the temperature range in 

which the container must be kept. 

For full details, please check the IATA 

Lar. book which can be ordered from 

http://www.iata.org. 

71 


The outer container has a label indicating 

that the contents are live fish, the time of 

packing, which side of the box is the top, 

and the temperature range in which the 

container must be kept. 

Photos: Alex Ploeg


CITES 

CITES (the Convention 

on International Trade 

in Endangered Species 

of Wild Fauna and 

Flora) is an 

international agreement between 

governments. Its aim is to ensure that 

international trade in specimens of wild 

animals and plants, and parts of 

products thereof, does not threaten 

their survival. 

CITES was drafted as a result of a 

resolution adopted in 1963 at a 

meeting of members of IUCN (The 

World Conservation Union). The text of 

the Convention was finalised and 

agreed upon at a meeting of 

representatives of 80 countries in 

Washington DC., United States of 

America, on 3 March 1973. For this 

reason CITES is sometimes also 

called the Washington Convention. 

The original copy of the Convention 

was filed with the Depositary 

Government in Chinese, English, 

French, Russian and Spanish, each 

version being equally authentic. 

CITES is an international agreement to 

which States (countries) voluntarily 

become a party. States that have 

agreed to be bound by the Convention 

('joined' CITES) are known as Parties. 

Although CITES is legally binding on 

the Parties - in other words they are 

required to implement the Convention - 

it does not take the place of national 

laws. 

72 

Legislation 

Instead, it provides a 

framework to be 

respected by each 

Party, which in turn 

must adopt its own 

domestic legislation to 

ensure that CITES is 

implemented at the national level. 

For many years CITES has been 

among the conservation agreements 

with the largest membership, at 

present 169 Parties. 

How CITES works 

CITES works by subjecting the 

international trade in specimens of 

selected species to certain controls. All 

import, export, and re-export of 

species covered by the Convention 

must be authorised through a licensing 

system. Each Party to the Convention 

must designate one or more 

Management Authorities in charge of 

administering that licensing system 

and one or more Scientific Authorities 

to advise them on the effects of trade 

on the status of the species. 

The species covered by CITES are 

listed in three Appendices, according 

to the degree of protection they need. 

Appendices I and II 

Appendix I includes species 

threatened with extinction. Trade in 

specimens of these species is 

permitted only in exceptional 

circumstances. 

Appendix II includes species not 

necessarily threatened with extinction,

Legislation 

73 


There is a continuing discussion on the status of live rock. Even in 2007 countries only 

agree “to disagree”. Photo: Ron Liley, MAC


but in which trade must be controlled 

in order to avoid utilisation 

incompatible with their survival. 

The Conference of the Parties (CoP), 

which is the supreme decision-making 

body of the Convention and comprises 

all its member States, has agreed on a 

set of biological and trade criteria to 

help determine whether a species 

should be included in Appendices I or 

II. At each regular meeting of the CoP, 

Parties submit proposals based on 

these criteria to amend these two 

Appendices. These amendment 

proposals are discussed and then 

submitted to a vote. The Convention 

also allows for amendments by a 

postal procedure between meetings of 

the CoP, but this procedure is rarely 

used. 

74 

Legislation 

The Asian Arowana, Scleropagus formosus, a very popular fish in the East...and listed in 

CITES I. Photo: Svein Fosså 

Appendix III 

This Appendix contains species that 

are protected in at least one country, 

which has asked other CITES Parties 

for assistance in controlling the trade. 

Changes to Appendix III follow a 

distinct procedure from changes to 

Appendices I and II, as each Party is 

entitled to make unilateral 

amendments to it. 

A specimen of a CITES-listed species 

may be imported into or exported (or 

re-exported) from a State party to the 

Convention only if the appropriate 

document has been obtained and 

presented for clearance at the port of 

entry or exit. There is some variation 

on the requirements from one country 

to another and it is always necessary 

to check on the national laws that may

Legislation 

be stricter, but the basic conditions that 

apply for Appendices I and II are 

described below. 

Appendix-I specimens 

An import permit issued by the 

Management Authority of the State of 

import is required. This may be issued 

only if the specimen is not to be used 

for primarily commercial purposes and 

if the import will be for purposes that 

are not detrimental to the survival of 

the species. In the case of a live 

animal or plant, the Scientific Authority 

must be satisfied that the proposed 

75 


recipient is suitably equipped to house 

and care for it. 

An export permit or re-export 

certificate issued by the Management 

Authority of the State of export or reexport 

is also required. An export 

permit may be issued only if the 

specimen was legally obtained; the 

trade will not be detrimental to the 

survival of the species; and an import 

permit has already been issued. 

A re-export certificate may be issued 

only if the specimen was imported in 

The Indonesian Banggai Cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) is proposed for CITES II 

listing by the United States at the CITES CoP 14 in The Hague. Photo: Aqualog


accordance with the provisions of the 

Convention and, in the case of a live 

animal or plant, if an import permit has 

been issued. 

In the case of a live animal or plant, it 

must be prepared and shipped to 

minimise any risk of injury, damage to 

health or cruel treatment. 

Appendix-II specimens 

An export permit or re-export 

certificate issued by the Management 

Authority of the State of export or reexport 

is required. An export permit 

may be issued only if the specimen 

was legally obtained and if the export 

will not be detrimental to the survival of 

the species. 

A re-export certificate may be issued 

only if the specimen was imported in 

accordance with the Convention. In the 

case of a live animal or plant, it must 

be prepared and shipped to minimise 

any risk of injury, damage to health or 

cruel treatment. No import permit is 

needed unless required by national 

law. 

Appendix-III specimens 

In the case of trade from a State that 

included the species in Appendix III, 

an export permit issued by the 

Management Authority of that State is 

required. This may be issued only if 

the specimen was legally obtained 

and, in the case of a live animal or 

plant, if it will be prepared and shipped 

to minimise any risk of injury, damage 

to health or cruel treatment. 

In the case of export from any other 

76 

Legislation 

State, a certificate of origin issued by 

its Management Authority is required. 

In the case of re-export, a re-export 

certificate issued by the State of reexport 

is required 

In its Article VII, the Convention allows 

or requires Parties to make certain 

exceptions to the general principles 

described above, notably in the 

following cases: 

o for specimens in transit or being 

transhipped; 

o for specimens that were acquired 

before CITES provisions applied to 

them (known as pre-Convention 

specimens); 

o for specimens that are personal or 

household effects; 

o for animals that were 'bred in 

captivity'; 

o for plants that were 'artificially 

propagated'; 

During the 13th CoP in Bangkok OFI 

organised a fieldtrip for delegates. 

Photo: Svein Fosså

Legislation 

o for specimens that are 

destined for scientific 

research; 

o for animals or plants forming 

part of a travelling collection 

or exhibition, such as a 

circus. 

There are special rules in these 

cases and a permit or certificate 

will generally still be required. 

Anyone planning to import or 

export/re-export specimens of a 

CITES species should contact 

the national CITES Management 

Authorities of the countries of 

import and export/re-export for 

information on the rules that 

apply. 

When a specimen of a CITES-listed 

species is transferred between a 

country that is a Party to CITES and a 

country that is not, the country that is a 

Party may accept documentation 

equivalent to the permits and 

certificates described above. 

CITES Meetings 

Every two to three years the parties of 

CITES meet in a Conference of the 

Parties (CoP). The next meeting will 

be held in The Hague, Netherlands in 

June 2007. To ensure that as many of 

the parties as possible will attend the 

meeting, delegations of development 

countries are assisted by sponsor 

contributions. OFI members 

contributed to this fund for the last 

meeting and for the meeting in The 

Hague. 

77 


Former OFI President Svein Fosså is OFI’s 

representative at CITES meetings. 

Photo courtesy: Svein Fosså 

At these CoP's not only do the Parties 

take part in the discussion, it is also 

the platform for NGOs such as OFI 

(usually in collaboration with PIJAC 

(USA) and OATA (UK)) to lobby to 

convince delegates of the views of the 

trade with respect to the proposals 

under discussion. 

Many of the proposals on the agenda 

of the CoP of CITES have already 

been prepared in a CoP of the Animals 

Committee. In 2006 such a meeting 

took place in Lima, Peru and OFI 

participated in this meeting, as in all of 

the meetings in recent years. 

Proposals are discussed in several 

working groups of delegated, 

specialists of the Parties and 

specialists of the NGOs. Participants 

are invited on the basis of their


capacities and representatives of NGO 

are allowed to fully participate in the 

discussions. 

Some important websites: 

General information: 

http://www.cites.org 

Annex I, II and III: 

http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendic 

es.shtml 

National Authorities: 

http://www.cites.org/common/directy/e_ 

directy.html 

CITES in European Union 

According to the CITES Convention, 

countries are allowed stricter 

regulations. The European Union has 

decided to implement the CITES 

legislation by adopting Regulation: 

338/97/EC. This regulation applies to 

all 27 countries of the European Union 

and go far beyond the original CITES 

Convention. 

The most important differences 

The EU CITES recognises four 

Annexes: 

78 

Legislation 

Annex A: 

(a) the species listed in Appendix I to 

the Convention for which the 

Member States have not entered a 

reservation; 

(b) any species: 

(i) which is, or may be, in demand 

for utilisation in the Community 

or for international trade and 

which is either threatened with 

extinction or is so rare that any 

level of trade would imperil the 

survival of the species; 

or 

(ii) which is in a genus with most of 

its species or which is a species 

with most its subspecies are 

listed in Annex A in accordance 

with the criteria in subparagraphs 

(a) or (b)(i) and whose listing in 

the Annex is essential for the 

effective protection of those 

taxa. 

Annex B: 

(a) the species listed in Appendix II to 

the Convention, other than those 

listed in Annex A, for which the 

Member States have not entered a 

reservation; 

(b) the species listed in Appendix I to 

the Convention for which a 

reservation has been entered; 

(c) any other species not listed in 

Appendices I or II to the Convention: 

(i) which is subject to levels of 

international trade that might not

Legislation 

be compatible: 

- with its survival or with the 

survival of populations in 

certain countries, or 

- with the maintenance of the 

79 


Yellow seahorses, Hippocampus kuda, produced in floating fishfarmsin from of the coast 

of Singapore. At the 12th CITES CoP in Santiago de Chile all seahorses were placed on 

Annex II of CITES. Only a very small percentage of the seahorse collected by humans 

are traded alive for the aquarium industry. Many more seahorses are traded in the 

Chinese medical industry or dried for the souvenir industry. Photo: Alex Ploeg 

or 

total population at a level 

consistent with the role of the 

species in the ecosystems in 

which it occurs:


(ii) 

- whose listing in the Annex for 

reasons of similarity in 

appearance to other species 

listed in Annex A or Annex B, 

is essential in order to ensure 

the effectiveness of controls 

on trade in specimens of 

such species; 

- species in relation to which it 

has been established that the 

introduction of live specimens 

into the natural habitat of the 

Community would constitute 

an ecological threat to wild 

species of fauna and flora 

indigenous to the Community. 

Annex C 

(a) the species listed in Appendix III to 

the Convention, other than those 

listed in Annexes A or B, for which 

the Member States have not 

entered a reservation; 

(b) the species listed in Appendix II to 


reservation has been entered. 

Annex D 

(a) species not listed in Annexes A to 

C which are imported into the 

Community in such numbers as to 

warrant monitoring; 

(b) the species listed in Appendix III to 


reservation has been entered. 

Procedures 

Also the procedures for imports into 

80 

Legislation 

the EU are not the same as for other 

countries in the world. An export 

permit is of course needed for every 

import into the EU. With the export 

permit the importer applies for an 

import permit from that national CITES 

management authority. 

Europe has introduced two levels of 

scientific committees, the national 

scientific committee and the scientific 

review group (SRG), which consists of 

representatives from the national 

scientific committees. They decide on 

amendments to the Annexes, but also 

decide on "negative opinion" regarding 

the import of certain species from 

certain locations. Every few years the 

negative opinions are published by the 

EU in a Regulation. Those species for 

which a negative opinion has been 

formulated are not allowed to be 

imported. All up-to-date species 

information, including legal status and 

any negative opinions may be found 

on: http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/eu/ 

Taxonomy/index.cfm. 

In an application for an import permit, 

the national management authority will 

compare the application with the 

annexes and with the negative 

opinions. If deemed necessary, the 

national management authority may 

send the application to the national 

scientific committee, which checks 

whether the import of the species will 

not endanger survival of the species, 

and whether all other criteria are met. 

The national scientific committee can 

refuse an import permit.

Legislation 

Fish health Regulation 

In 1920, rinderpest 

occurred unexpectedly in 

Belgium, as a result of 

zebus, originating in 

India and destined for Brazil, passing 

through the port of Antwerp. Massive 

mortalities among Belgian cows were 

the result. 

Despite the inevitable slowness of the 

negotiations undertaken through 

diplomatic channels, twenty-eight 

countries reached an "international 

agreement" on 25 January 1924 on 

measures to prevent such outbreaks in 

the future. The ratification of this 1924 

Agreement created the Office 

International des Epizooties (OIE) 

based in Paris. Today the OIE is the 

world organisation for animal health 

and numbers 167 members worldwide. 

This does not mean that the problems 

of animal diseases have been solved. 

Since 1920, the volume of animals 

transported around the world have 

only increased year by year and with 

that also the risk of the spread of 

disease. However, without the OIE it 

would perhaps have become 

impossible to find healthy cattle 

anywhere in the world at present. 

OIE has made a list of diseases that 

are so dangerous that worldwide 

measures are needed. If a disease 

from this list has been detected in one 

of the member countries, it must be 

reported to the OIE office in Paris. 

Furthermore a series of measures 

were adopted, based on scientific 

81 


research, to prevent the 

further spread of disease. 

Measures include a 

notification system, 

international cooperation, 

the establishment of disease-free 

countries, zones and farms, regular 

controls by national veterinary 

authorities and import restrictions in 

disease-free zones. 

Health status 

The guidelines include the possibility 

that countries, zones or farms can 

thrive on an official disease-free status, 

for the relevant disease. Countries 

might decide to implement such a 

policy to protect their aquaculture 

production, however, programs to 

attain disease-free status demand long 

periods of testing according to the OIE 

approved methods and regular 

controls (see OIE manual). The costs 

do not often weigh up against the 

benefits of a disease-free status. 

Fish diseases 

Several fish diseases are also 

mentioned in the OIE list of notifiable 

diseases: 

o Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis 

(EHN) 

o Infectious haematopoietic necrosis 

(IHN) 

o Spring viraemia of carp (SVC) 

o Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia 

(VHS) 

o Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) 

o Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) 

o Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) 

o Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) 

o Gyrodactylosis (Gyrodactylus salaris)


o Red sea bream iridoviral disease 

o Koi herpesvirus disease (KHV) 

All of these diseases have been 

studied to see which fish species are 

susceptible Only three diseases 

mention ornamental fish among the 

susceptible species, SVC, EUS and 

KHV. 

Spring Viraemia of Carp 

Spring Viraemia of Carp (SVC) is a 

disease caused by a Rhabodvirus, 

which can be found in carp-like fishes 

only: common carp including koi 

(Cyprinus carpio), crucian carp 

(Carassius carassius), sheatfish (also 

known as European catfish or wels) 

(Silurus glanis), silver carp 

(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), bighead 

carp (Aristichthys nobilis), grass carp 

(white amur) (Ctenopharyngodon 

Healthy lionhead oranda, free of SVC. 

Photo: Tung Hoi Aquarium. 

82 

Legislation 

idella), goldfish (Carassius auratus), 

orfe (Leuciscus idus), and tench (Tinca 

tinca). 

Outbreaks are known to have occurred 

in Europe, the USA and Asia, including 

China in ornamentals such as goldfish 

and koi. The mortality due to this 

disease is high, in young fish it can 

reach 70%, and for this reason it is 

perfectly understandable that 

measures are taken, especially if we 

think of the importance of carp as food 

fish. Unfortunately SVC and other 

diseases do not make a distinction 

between carp sold as an ornamental 

fish or as a food fish. 

Epizotic Ulcerative Syndrome 

Epizotic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) is 

a disease which is present in large 

parts of Southeast Asia in a wide 

variety of fish: yellowfin 

seabream 

(Acantopagrus 

australis), climbing 

perch (Anabas 

testudineus), eels 

(Anguillidae), bagrid 

catfishes (Bagridae), 

silver perch (Bidyanus 

bidyanus), Atlantic 

menhaden (Brevoortia 

tyrannus), jacks 

(Caranx spp.), catla 

(Catla catla), striped 

snakehead (Channa 

striatus), mrigal 

(Cirrhinus mrigala), 

torpedo-shaped 

catfishes (Clarius spp.), 

halfbeaks flying fishes

Legislation 

(Exocoetidae), tank goby (Glossogobius 

giuris), marble goby (Oxyeleotris 

marmoratus), gobies (Gobiidae), rohu 

(Labeo rohita), rhinofishes (Labeo 

spp.), barramundi and giant sea perch 

(Lates calcarifer), striped mullet (Mugil 

cephalus), mullets [Mugilidae] (Mugil 

spp. and Liza spp.), ayu (Plecoglossus 

altivelis), pool barb (Puntius sophore), 

barcoo grunter (Scortum barcoo), sand 

whiting (Sillago ciliata), wells catfishes 

(Siluridae), snakeskin gourami 

(Trichogaster pectoralis), common 

archer fish (Toxotes chatareus), silver 

barb (Puntius gonionotus), spotted 

scat (Scatophagus argus), giant 

gourami (Osphonemus gourami), 

dusky flathead (Platycephalus fuscus), 

spiny turbot (Psettodes sp.), Tairikubaratanago 

(Rhodeus ocellatus), Keti- 

Bangladeshi (Rohtee sp.), rudd 

(Scardinius erythrophthalmus), 

therapon (Terapon sp.) and three-spot 

83 


Trichogaster pectoralis, known to be susceptible to EUS. Photo: Aqualog 

gouramy (Trichogaster trichopterus). 

The disease is caused by a fungus, 

Aphanomyces invadans. Despite the 

large area where it is present in 

natural fish stocks, it is rarely found in 

imports. This is most likely due to the 

secondary bacterial infection of the fish 

infected with EUS. The secondary 

bacterial infection is easily recognised 

and treated. The mortality rates due to 

EUS are not known, however, the 

impact is considerable. 

Koi Herpes Virus disease 

Koi Herpes Virus disease (KHV) is 

distributed almost worldwide now and 

has become such a hazard to our 

industry that most of you will know 

about this disease, which can cause 

up to 95% mortality in carp (Cyprinus 

carpio) only. The problem with this 

disease is that it is mainly active between


17 and 25°C. When the temperature is 

below this range, as is the case part of 

the year in most parts of Eurasia and 

North America, or above this range, as 

in some of the production countries, 

the disease will most probably not be 

detected. In other words, a negative 

test does not mean that the fish are 

free of the disease. 

Disease free status 

Until now only a limited number of 

countries have decided on establishing 

disease freedom for SVC. In several 

countries zones have been officially 

declared disease-free, and in more 

countries selected farms are officially 

disease-free. 

84 

Legislation 

Fish susceptible to SVC (including koi 

and goldfish) may only be imported 

into these countries, zones or farms if 

they originate from a country, zone or 

farm which also has an official 

disease-free status. 

EUS and KHV have only recently been 

added to the OIE list of notifiable 

diseases. It is not clear whether many 

OIE members will start a program to 

achieve disease-free status for these 

diseases. It is very doubtful that the 

costs for this implementation and 

regular controls will be commercially 

feasible. 

Healthy koi at a koifarm in Thailand. Photo: Svein Fosså

Legislation 

Old European health Certificate for coldwater fish. 

Health certificates 

Another measure to fight the spread of 

disease is the use of health 

certificates. For the import of 

aquaculture products, such as live 

ornamental fish, many countries 

require, assurance from the veterinary 

service of the exporting country that 

the products are not infected by a 

number of diseases, which usually 

include the ones notifiable to the OIE. 

This applies in particular to coldwater 

fishes of the cyprinid family, as they 

are susceptible for these diseases. For 

tropical ornamental fish it usually 

suffices to include a statement that the 

fish are in good condition at the 

moment of packing and show no 

85 

physical signs of disease. 


The European Union recently 

introduced two new health certificates 

for tropical ornamental fish and for 

coldwater ornamental fish, which can 

be downloaded from the OFI website: 

www.ofish.org (members area). 

Animal welfare during transport 

In more and more countries, especially 

in the western hemisphere, animal 

welfare plays an important role in 

society. Mistreatment of animals is 

front page news and incidents 

involving live animals provoke a wave 

of public response. Pressure groups of 

animal activists in some countries were 

able to stop the sale of live ornamental


fish in certain garden centres and have 

contributed to the creation of very strict 

legislation in other countries. 

In most countries legislation also 

covers animal welfare and international 

transport of live fish is subject to 

animal welfare legislation. 

Worldwide legislation 

IATA, which has already been 

discussed, has included animal welfare 

issues in its Live Animal Regulations 

as an important factor. As already 

announced, the IATA Lar is 

incorporated in the national law of 

many countries, which provides legal 

standards for packing. Check with your 

national government to find out 

86 

Legislation 

whether this applies to your country! 

Animal protection during transport 

In the European Union in 2007 a new 

regulation on animal protection during 

transport of animals has come into 

effect. Since January 2007 

transporters of commercially 

transported animals must have an 

authorisation. Drivers must have had 

training and vehicles must meet certain 

demands. Although it is very clear from 

the text that the regulation has been 

designed for food-producing animals, it 

generally applies to all vertebrate 

animals, including ornamental fish. 

The Regulation (2005/1) makes a 

distinction between three transport 

Bicycle transport known as "boda boda" is commonly used in Uganda in towns to 

transport people. Photo: www.sln.org.uk/geography/images_of_uganda.htm

Legislation 

regimes: distances less than 65 km, 

between 65 km and an 8-hour drive, 

and an 8-hour drive or longer. 

Less than 65 km 

For shipments transported less than 65 

km no authorisation for the 

transporters is needed, nor is an 

approved vehicle or a trained driver. It 

is necessary to carry special 

documentation, indicating the animals 

being transported , destination and 

estimated travel time. 

Farther than 65 km but less than an 8hour 

drive: authorisation for the 

transporters, an approved vehicle and 

a trained driver are necessary. It is 

also necessary to carry special 

documentation, indicating the animals 

being transported , destination and 

estimated travel time. For transports 

87 


the demands as described in the 

Appendix apply. Travel time starts 

when the vehicle starts driving. 

Countries may decide in special cases 

to allow 12 hours' driving time instead 

of 8 hours. Animals must be packed 

according to IATA Lar. 

More than 8-hour drive: authorisation 

for the transporters, a permit for the 

vehicle and a trained driver are 

necessary. A special logbook is 

needed for transport. For transports 

the demands as described in the 

Appendix apply. The precise point 

where the transport starts; when the 

first animals are loaded ; or when the 

vehicle starts driving is not well-defined 

and may be interpreted differently by 

different EU Member States. Animals 

must be packed according to IATA Lar.


01 Abramites hypselonotus abramites 

02 Acanthodoras spinosissimus ronca ronca 

03 Acarichthys heckeli acará amarelo 

04 Achirus lineatus soia 

05 Achirus errans soia 

06 Aequidens curviceps acatazinho 

07 Aequidens dorsigerus acará-bobo 

08 Aequidens mariae 

09 Aequidens portalegrensis cará-moita 

10 Amblydoras hancocki cascudo mole 

11 Ancistrus sp cascudo, bodó seda 

12 Ancistrus dolichopterus tigre 

13 Ancistrus lineolatus ancistrus 

14 Anostomus anostomus anostumus 

15 Anostornus gracilis anostomus 

16 Anostornus taeniatus bliq 

17 Anostomus ternetzi anostumus 

18 Anostomus trimaculatus anostumus 

19 Aphyocharax anisitsi enfermeirinha 

20 Apistogramma agassizi agassizi 

21 Apistogramma blique apistograma 

22 Apistogramma corumbae apistograma 

23 Apistogramma ortmanni apistograma 

24 Apistogramma blique blique 

25 Apistogramma ramirezi ramirezi 

26 Apistogramma trifasciatum apistograma 

27 Asiphonichthys condei peixe vidro 

28 Aspidoras poecilus aspidora 

29 Astyanax bimaculatus piaba do rabo amarelo 

30 Astyanax fasciatus piaba do rabo vermelho 

31 Biotodoma cupido acará cupido 

32 Brochis britskii coridora gigante 

33 Brochis splendens limpa fundo verde 

34 Bryconops caudomaculatus bricon 

35 Bryconops gom gold 

36 Bryconops rosy rose 

37 Bunocephalus amaurus banjo 

38 Bunocephalus coracoideus banjo 

39 Callichthys callichtys taboatá 

40 Carnegiella strigata fasciata borboleta 

41 Carnegiella strigata strigata borboleta 

42 Carnegiella marthae borboleta branca 

43 Catoprion mento pacu piranha 

44 Charax gibbosus corcundinha 

45 Characidium fasciatus torpedo 

46 Cheirodon notomelas caramelo 

47 Chilodus punctatus abeça para baixo 

48 Cichlasoma festivum acará festivo 

88 

Legislation 

Table I. Freshwater fish-species allowed for export from Brazil (Portaria 62N/92) 

49 Coelurichthys microlepis tetra azul 

50 Colomesus asellus baiacu 

51 Colomesus psittacus baiacu 

52 Copeina guttata copeina 

53 Copella arnoldi copella 

54 Copella metae copella 

55 Copella nattereri copella 

56 Copella nigrosfasciata copella 

57 Corydoras acutus coridora 

58 Corydoras aeneus coridora 

59 Corydoras adolfoi coridora 

60 Corydoras agassizi coridora 

61 Corydoras arcuatus coridora 

62 Corydoras barbatus coridora 

63 Corydoras caudimaculatus coridora 

64 Corydoras elegans coridora 

65 Corydoras griseus coridora 

66 Corydoras haraldschultzi coridora 

67 Corydoras hastatus coridora mini 

68 Corydoras julii coridora leopardo 

69 Corydoras myersi coridora 

70 Corydoras nattereri coridora 

71 Corydoras paleatus coridora 

72 Corydoras reticulates coridora 

73 Crenicara maculate xadrez 

74 Crenicara filamentosa xadrez 

75 Crenicara punctulata xadrez 

76 Crenuchus spilurus crenucho 

77 Cynolebias adloffi cinolébia 

78 Cynolebias nigripinnis cinolébia 

79 Dianema urostriata dianema 

80 Dianema longibarbis 

81 Exodon paradoxus miguelzinho 

82 Farlowella acus farlowella 

83 Farlowella sp jotoxi 

84 Gasteropelecus sternicla borboleta falsa 

85 Gasteropelecus levis peixe galo 

86 Gymnocorymbus ternetzi tetra preto 

87 Hemigrammus erythrozonus 

88 Hemigrammus marginatus torpedinho 

89 Hemigrammus ocellifer torpedinho 

90 Hemigrammus pulcher rolho de fogo 

91 Hemigrammus rhodostomus rodostomus 

92 Hemigrammus ulreyi ulreyi verdadeiro 

93 Hemigrammus unilineatus piquira 

94 Hemiodopsis gracilis cruzeiro do sul 

95 Hemiodopsis goeldii cruzeiro 

96 Hemiodopsis stemi

Legislation 

97 Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus tetra amarelo 

98 Hyphessobrycon bentosi rosaceu 

99 Hyphessobrycon callistus mato grosso 

100 Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma rosaceu 

101 Hyphessobrycon flammeus engraçadinho 

102 Hyphessobrycon georgettae rosaceu 

103 Hyphessobrycon griemi 

104 Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi neon negro 

105 Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus falso ulreyi 

106 Hyphessobrycon bliqu mato grosso 

107 Hyphessobrycon socolofi rosaceu 

108 Hyphessobrycon sp platinado 

109 Hyphessobrycon vilmae falso neon negro 

110 Iguanodects spilurus iguanodects 

111 Leporellus vittatus aracu, andorinha 

112 Leporinus agassizi aracu 

113 Loricaria parva cascudo comprido 

114 Megalamphodus megalopterus tetra fantasma negro 

115 Moenkhausia affinis piaba 

116 Moenkhausia barbouri piaba 

117 Moenkhausia collettii piaba 

118 Moenkhausia dichroura piaba bota fogo 

119 Moenkhausia gracilima piaba 

120 Moenkhausia hasemani piaba 

121 Moenkhausia intermedia piaba 

122 Moenkhausia jamesi piaba 

123 Moenkhausia lepidura piaba 

124 Moenkhausia megalops piaba 

125 Moenkhausia oligolepis piaba rabo de ouro 

126 Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae piaba 

127 Monocirrhus polyacanthus peixe folha 

128 Myleus rubripinnis pacuzinho vermelho 

129 Nannostomus beckfordi bliq 

130 Nannostomus digrammus bliq 

131 Nannostomus egues bliq 

132 Nannostomus espei bliq 

133 Nannostomus marginatus bliq 

134 Nannostomus trifasciatus bliq 

135 Nannostomus untfasciatus bliq 

136 Otocinclus affinis limpa vidro 

137 Otocinclus arnoldi cascudinho 

138 Otocinclus vittatus limpa vidro 

139 Paracheirodon axelrodi cardinal 

140 Paracheirodon innesi neon tetra 

141 Paracheirodon pulcher neon tetra 

142 Paradon affinis mariposa 

143 Paradon suborbitale mariposa 

144 Parotocinclus maculicauda otocinclus pintado 

Tabel I Continued 

89 


145 Peckoltia pulcher 

146 Peckoltia vittata 

147 Petitella georgiae rodostomo 

148 Poecilia reticulata guppy 

149 Poecilocharax weitzmani brilhante 

150 Policentrus schomburgki marajó 

151 Prionobrama filigera prinobrama 

152 Pseudacanthicus leopardus assacu pintado 

153 Pterophyllum dumerili acará bandeira 

154 Pterophyllum scalare acará bandeira 

155 Pterolebias longipinnis rívulo 

156 Pyrrhulina brevis pyrrhulina pintada 

157 Pyrrhulina laeta pyrrhulina 

158 Pyrrhulina vittata pyrrhulina 

159 Pyrrhulina rachowiana pyrrhulina 

160 Rineloricaria fallax rabo de chicote 

161 Rineloricaria lima rabo de chicote 

162 Rineloricaria lanceolata rabo de chicote 

163 Rivulus punctatus rívulo 

164 Rivulus urophthalmus pacuí 

165 Serrasalmus calmoni piranha 

166 Serrasalmus hollandi piranha 

167 Serrasalmus nattereri piranha 

168 Serrasalmus rhombeus piranha 

169 Sturisoma barbarum cascudinho bico 

170 Symphysodon a. aequifasciata disco 

171 Symphysodon a. axelrodi disco 

172 Symphysodon a. haraldi disco 

173 Symphysodon discus disco 

174 Tatia aulopygia tatia 

175 Thayeria blique taéria 

176 Thoracocharax stellatus borboleta 

177 Trigonectes strigabundus trigonectes 

178 Peckoltia SP zebra 

179 Apteronotus albifrons ituícavalo 

180 Eigenmannia transparente


Table II Marine fish-species allowed for export from Brazil (Portaria 62N/92) 

90 

Legislation 

1 Abudefduf saxatilis Oá, sargento, saberé Sergeant major 1000 

2 Acanthostracion quadricornis Peixe-cofre riscado, peixe-vaca Scrawled cowfish 1000 

3 Acanthostracion polygonius Peixe-cofre colméia, peixe-vaca Honeycomb trunkfish 1000 

4 Acanthurus bahianus Cirurgião, barbeiro, lanceta, Ocean surgeon 1000 

5 Acanthurus chirurgus Barbeiro comum, barbei ro, lanceta Doctorfish 1000 

6 Acanthurus coeruleus Barbeiro azul, cirurgião azul Blue tang 1000 

7 Achirus lineatus Aramaçá, tapa, solha, solha-redonda Lined sole 1000 

8 Alphestes afer Garoupa-gato, Garouparajada, garaçapé Mutton hamlet 1000 

9 Aluterus schoepfi Raquete laranja, peixe- porco Orange filefish 1000 

10 Aluterus scriptus Raquete riscado, peixe- porco Scrawled filefish 1000 

11 Amblycirrhitus pinos Peixe-gavião, pinnus, sarampinho Redspotted hawkfish 1000 

12 Anisotremus surinamensis Sargo-de-beiço, pirambu Black margate 1000 

13 Anisotremus virginicus Salema, mercador Porkfish 1000 

14 Antennarius striatus Peixe-pescador riscado, antenarius Striated frogfish 1000 

15 Apogon americanus Apogon brasileiro, apogon Brazilian apogon 1000 

16 Apogon pseudomaculatus Apogon-de-duas-manchas, apogon Twospot cardinalfish 1000 

17 Archosargus rhomboidalis Canhanha, salema Sea bream 1000 

18 Aulostomus strigosus Peixe-trompete, peixe trombeta African trumpet-fish 1000 

19 Bathygobius soporator Emborê, peixe-macaco, more, amoré Frillfin goby 1000 

20 Batrachoides surinamensis Pacamão, niquim Pacuma toadfish 1000 

21 Bodianus pulchellus Bodião vermelho, pulchelus, bodião do fundo Spotfin hogfish 1000 

22 Bodianus rufus Bodião azul, rufus, bodião judite Spanish hogfish 1000 

23 Bothus lunatus Linguadinho pavão, lin guado, tapa Peacock flounder 1000 

24 Bothus ocellatus Linguadinho ocelado, linguado, tapa Eyed flounder 1000 

25 Calamus pennatula Pargo pena, peixe-pena, pena Pluma porgy 1000 

26 Cantherhines macrocerus Peixe porco de pintas brancas, cangulo Whitespotted filefish 1000 

27 Cantherhines pullus Peixe porco de pintas laranja, cangulo Orange-spotted filefish 1000 

28 Canthigaster figueiredoi Baiacú de recife, cantigaster, baiacu Brazilian sharp nosed puffer 1000 

29 Centropyge aurantonotus Centropyge dorso de fogo, centropige Flameback angefish 1500 

30 Chaetodipterus faber Enxada, paru branco Atlantic spadefish 1000 

31 Chaetodon ocellatus Borboleta ocelado, borboleta Spotfin butterflyfish 1000 

32 Chaetodon sedentarius Borboleta dos recifes, borboleta Reef butterflyfish 1000 

33 Chaetodon striatus Borboleta listrado, Bor-boleta-listrada Banded butterfly-fish 1000 

34 Chilomycterus antennatus Baiacú espinho antenado, baiacu espinho Bridled burrfish 1000 

35 Chilomycterus antillarum Baiacú espinho rendado, Baiacu-de-espinho Web burrfish 1000 

36 Chromis multilineata Cromis tesoura, cromis Brown chromis 1000 

37 Cychlichthys spinosus Baiacú espinho brasileiro Brazilian burrfish 1000 

38 Clepticus brasiliensis Clepticus brasileiro, peixe-fantasma Brazilian creole wrasse 1000 

39 Conodon nobilis Roncador, coró, coró marinheiro, coró-listrado Barred grunt 1000 

40 Coryphopterus glaucofraenum Gobião de freio, gobi de areia, gobi de vidro Bridled goby 1000 

41 Cosmocampus albirostris Peixe cachimbo de focinho branco, cachimbo Whitenose pipefish 1000 

42 Dactylopterus volitans Coió, falso voador, voa-dor-de-fundo, Flying gurnard 1000 

43 Diodon holacanthus Baiacú espinho mancha-do, baiacu espinho Balloonfish 1000 

44 Diodon hystrix Baiacú espinho pintalgado Porcupinefish 1000 

45 Diplectrum formosum Michole da areia listrado, jacundá Sand perch 1000 

46 Diplectrum radiale Michole da areia costeiro, jacundá Pond perch 1000 

47 Doratonotus megalepis Sabonete anão, peixe-dragão Dwarf wrasse 1000 

48 Dules auriga Mariquita de penacho Whipspine bass 1000 

49 Echeneis naucrates Rêmora de listra negra, rêmora White-tailed remora 1000 

50 Fistularia tabacaria Trombeta pintada, trombeta, catimbau Bluespotted cornetfish 1000 

51 Gobiesox strumosus Peixe ventosa vermiculado Skilletfish 1000 

52 Gymnachirus nudus Linguado zebra, solha-ze-bra Zebra sole 1000 

53 Gymnothorax funebris Moréia verde, moréia , caramuru Green moray 1000 

54 Gymnothorax miliaris Moréia rabo dourado, moréia Goldentail moray 1000 

55 Gymnothorax moringa Moréia pintada, caramu-ru-pintado, moréia Spotted moray 1000 

56 Gymnothorax ocellatus Moréia ocelada, caramuru de areia Ocellated moray 1000 

57 Gymnothorax vicinus Moréia boca roxa, caramuru, moréia Purplemouth moray 1000 

58 Haemulon steindachneri quatinga, macasso, cambuba Latin grunt 1000 

59 Halichoeres bivittatus Sabonete listrado, budião Slippery dick 1000 

60 Halichoeres brasiliensis Sabonete brasileiro Brazilian wrasse 1000

Legislation 

Tabel II Continued 

91 


61 Halichoeres cyanocephalus Sabonete cara amarela, cianocéfalo Yellowcheek wrasse 1000 

62 Halichoeres maculipinna Sabonete ocelado, maculipina, budião Clown wrasse 1000 

63 Halichoeres poeyi Sabonete verde, poei, poei-verde, budião Blackear wrasse 1000 

64 Heteropriacanthus cruentatus Olho de cão das pedras, olho de vidro Glasseye snapper 1000 

65 Hippocampus erectus Cavalo marinho de focinho curto Northern or Lined seahorse 250 

66 Hippocampus reidi Cavalo marinho de focinho longo Longsnout seahorse 250 

67 Holacanthus ciliaris Ciliaris, peixe anjo, peixe anjo-rainha Queen angelfish 3500 

68 Holacanthus tricolor Tricolor, paru soldado, paru da pedra Rock beauty 2000 

69 Holocentrus adscensionis Jaguariçá, joão cachaça, jaguaraçá, mariquita Longjaw squirrelfish 1000 

70 Kyphosus incisor Piragica amarela, piramboca, pirabanha Yellow chub 1000 

71 Kyphosus sectatrix Piragica comum, piramboca Bermuda chub 1000 

72 Labrisomus nuchipinnis Maria-da-toca, garriãoguloso, more Hairy blenny 1000 

73 Lactophrys trigonus Peixe cofre, baiacu-caixão Trunkfish 1000 

74 Lagocephalus laevigatus Baiacú arara, guima, baiacu-garajuba Smooth puffer 1000 

75 Melichthys niger Cangulo preto, niger Black triggerfish 1000 

76 Menticirrhus americanus Papa terra, judeu, corvina cachorro Southern king, croaker 1000 

77 Micropogonias furnieri Corvina, cascudo, murucaia Whitemouth croaker 1000 

78 Mulloidichthys martinicus Trilha amarela, saramonete Yellow goatfish 1000 

79 Mullus argentinae Trilha Argentine goatfish 1000 

80 Muraena pavonina Moréia de pintas brancas, caramuru de chifre Whitespot moray 1000 

81 Myrichthys ocellatus Murucutuca ocelada, mutuca, muriongo, Goldspotted eel 1000 

82 Myrichthys breviceps Murucutuca pintada, mutuca Sharptail eel 1000 

83 Myripristis jacobus Fogueira, jaguaraçá, miripristis, mariquita Blackbar soldierfish 1000 

84 Odontoscion dentex Corvina dos recifes, ma ria-mole Reef croaker 1000 

85 Ogcocephalus vespertilio Peixe morcego do focinho longo Brazilian longsnout batfish1000 

86 Oligoplites saliens Xaveia, tábua, guivira Castin leatherjacket 1000 

87 Ophioblennius trinitatis Maria-da-toca oceânico, blênio Redlip blenny 1000 

88 Orthopristis ruber Corcoroca jurumirim, coroca; cambuba Corocoro grunt 1000 

89 Parablennius marmoreus Maria-da-toca das algas, blênio Seaweed blenny 1000 

90 Parablennius pilicornius Maria-da-toca das pedras, blênio Rock blenny 1000 

91 Paraclinus rubicundus Macaco verde 1000 

92 Paralonchurus brasiliensis Cabeça-de-côco, coró, maria luiza Banded croaker 1000 

93 Paranthias furcifer Boquinha, peixe santo, pargo pincel Creole fish 1000 

94 Pareques acuminatus Anteninha, equetus, maria nagô High-hat 1000 

95 Pempheris schomburgki Olhudo, piaba do mar, papudinha Glassy or Copper sweeper 1000 

96 Phaeoptyx pigmentaria Apogon pintado Dappled or Disky cardinalfish 1000 

97 Plectrypops retrospinis Soldado, plectripops Cardinal soldier-fish 1000 

98 Pomacanthus arcuatus Frade cinza, paru cinza, paru, paru branco Grey angelfish 2500 

99 Pomacanthus paru Frade, paru da pedra, paru, paru preto French angelfish 2500 

100 Pomadasys corvinaeformis Corcoroca legítima, coró, coró-branco Roughneck grunt 1000 

101 Porichthys porosissimus Mamangava, mamangá liso Southern midshipman 1000 

102 Prinotus nudigula Cabrinha comum, cabrinha do sul Southern searobin 1000 

103 Rypticus bitrispinus Badejo sabão pintalgado, sabão Freckled soapfish 1000 

104 Rypticus saponaceus Badejo sabão comum, sabão Greater soapfish 1000 

105 Scarus zelindae Peixe papagaio Zelinda, budião-banana Zelinda's parrotfish 1000 

106 Scorpaena brasiliensis Beatinha pintada, mangangá pintado Barbfish 1000 

107 Scorpaena isthmensis Beatinha cara-lisa, mangangá caralisa Smoothcheek scorpionfish 1000 

108 Scorpaena plumieri Beatinha axila-roxa, mangangá axila- roxa Spotted scorpion-fish 1000 

109 Serranus baldwini Badejinho lanterna, serranus laranja Lantern bass 1000 

110 Serranus flaviventris Mariquita, serranus barriga-branca, serrano Twinspot bass 1000 

111 Serranus phoebe Sete-fundão Tattler 1000 

112 Sparisoma amplum Peixe papagaio dos recifes, batata Reef parrotfish 1000 

113 Sparisoma axillare Peixe papagaio cinzento, batata Grey parrotfish 1000 

114 Sparisoma radians Peixe papagaio dentuço, batata Bucktooth parrotfish 1000 

115 Sparisoma frondosus Peixe papagaio sinaleiro, batata Brazilian stoplight parrot1000 

116 Sphoeroides greeleyi Baiacú verde, baiacu Green puffer 1000 

117 Sphoeroides spengleri Baiacú pinima, baiacu Bandtail puffer 1000 

11 8 Sphoeroides testudineus Baiacú quadriculado, baiacu, baiacu-pintado Checkered puffer 1000 

119 Stegastes fuscus Castanheta, donzela escura, maria-preta Brazilian dusky damsel 1000 

120 Stegastes pictus Donzela bicolor, gregório, cará Brazilian bicolour damse1000


Tabel II Continued 

92 

Legislation 

121 Stegastes uenfi Donzela cinza, maria-pre-ta, donzela Grey damselfish 1000 

122 Stegastes variabilis Donzela amarela, cará Brazilian cocoa damsel 1000 

123 Stephanolepis hispidus Porquinho de fronte reta, peixe-porco Planehead filefish 1000 

124 Stephanolepis setifer Porquinho de penacho, cangulo Pygmy filefish 1000 

125 Stygnobrotula latebricola Brotula negra, latebricola Black brotula 1000 

126 Synodus foetens Peixe-lagarto costeiro, traíra do mar Inshore lizardfish 1000 

127 Synodus intermedius Peixe-lagarto de areia, traíra do mar Sanddiver lizard-fish 1000 

128 Synodus synodus Peixe lagarto vermelho Diamond lizard-fish 1000 

129 Thalassoma noronhanumam Sabonete das ilhas, talassoma-azul Brazilian oceanic wrasse1000 

130 Thalassophryne montevidensis Niquim barrado, niquim do sul Southern toadfish 1000 

131 Thalassophryne nattereri Niquim comum, aniquim Brazilian toadfish 1000 

132 Trachinocephalus myops Peixe-cobra, traíra do mar, traíra Shortheaded lizardfish 1000 

133 Upeneus parvus Trilha pena, saramonete Dwarf goatfish 1000 

134 Xyrichthys novacula Budião de areia, peixe-dragão Pearly razorfish 1000 

135 Xyrichthys splendens Peixe-dragão verde Green razor òr razorfih 1000 

Table III. Protected species list Brazil (Instruçào Normativa Nº 5, 21 May 2004) 

1 Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861) Tubarão-estrangeiro; tubarãogalha-branca-oceânico 

2 Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1839) Tubarão-junteiro, tubarãoazeiteiro 

3 Carcharhinus signatus (Poey, 1868) Tubarão - toninha 

4 Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus (Müller & Henle, 1839) Quati 

5 Negaprion brevirostris (Poey, 1868) -- 

6 Aleorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) Cação-bico-doce 

7 Mustelus schmitti Springer, 1939 Cação-cola-fina, caçonete 

8 Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765) Tubarão - peregrino 

9 Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788) Cação-lixa, tubarão-lixa, lambaru 

10 Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828 Tubarão - baleia 

11 Pristis perotteti Müller & Henle, 1841 Peixe-serra 

12 Pristis pectinata Latham, 1794 Peixe-serra 

13 Rhinobatus horkelii (Müller & Henle, 1841) Raia-viola 

14 Squatina guggenheim Marini, 1936 Cação-anjo-espinhoso 

15 Squatina occulta (Vooren & Silva, 1991) Cação-anjo-liso 

16 Potamobatrachus trispinosus Collette, 1995 Mangangá 

17 Leporinus thayeri Borodin, 1929 Piau 

18 Sartor tucuruiense Santos & Jégu, 1987 -- 

19 Astyanax gymnogenys Eigenmann, 1911 Lambari 

20 Brycon devillei (Castelnau, 1855) Piabanha 

21 Brycon insignis Steindachner, 1877 Piabanha 

22 Brycon nattereri Günther, 1864 Pirapitinga 

23 Brycon opalinus (Cuvier, 1819) Pirapitinga, pirapitinga-do-sul 

24 Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1850) Piracanjuba, piracanjuva, bracanjuva 

25 Brycon vermelha Lima & Castro, 2000 Vermelha 

26 Bryconamericus lambari Malabarba & Kindel, 1995 Lambari 

27 Coptobrycon bilineatus (Ellis, 1911) -- 

28 Glandulocauda melanogenys Eigenmann, 1911 -- 

29 Glandulocauda melanopleura Eigenmann, 1911 -- 

30 Hasemania maxillaris Ellis, 1911 Lambari 

31 Hasemania melanura Ellis, 1911 Lambari 

32 Henochilus wheatlandii Garman, 1890 Andirá, anjirá 

33 Hyphessobrycon duragenys Ellis, 1911 -- 

34 Hyphessobrycon flammeus Myers, 1924 Engraçadinho 

35 Hyphessobrycon taurocephalus Ellis, 1911 Lambari 

36 Lignobrycon myersi (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1956) Piaba-faca 

37 Mimagoniates lateralis (Nichols, 1913) -- 

38 Mimagoniates rheocharis Menezes & Weitzman, 1990 -- 

39 Mimagoniates sylvicola Menezes & Weitzman, 1990 -- 

40 Mylesinus paucisquamatus Jégu & Santos, 1988 Pacu

Legislation 

Tabel III Continued 

93 


41 Myleus tiete (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) Pacu-prata 

42 Nematocharax venustus Weitzman, Menezes & Britski, 1986 -- 

43 Ossubtus xinguense Jegú, 1992 Pacu 

44 Rachoviscus crassiceps Myers, 1926 -- 

45 Rachoviscus graciliceps Weitzman & Cruz, 1980 -- 

46 Spintherobolus ankoseion Weitzman & Malabarba, 1999 -- 

47 Spintherobolus broccae Myers, 1925 -- 

48 Spintherobolus leptoura Weitzman & Malabarba, 1999 -- 

49 Spintherobolus papilliferus Eigemann, 1911 -- 

50 Stygichthys typhlops Brittan & Böhlke, 1965 -- 

51 Characidium grajahuensis Travassos, 1944 Canivetinho, mocinha 

52 Characidium lagosantensis Travassos, 1947 Canivete 

53 Characidium vestigipinne Buckup & Hahn, 2000 -- 

54 Phalloptychus eigenmanni Henn, 1916 Barrigudinho 

55 Phallotorynus fasciolatus Henn, 1916 Guarú 

56 Phallotorynus jucundus Ihering, 1930 Guarú 

57 Austrolebias adloffi (Ahl, 1922) -- 

58 Austrolebias affinis (Amato, 1986) Peixe anual 

59 Austrolebias alexandri (Castello & Lopez, 1974) Peixe anual 

60 Austrolebias carvalhoi (Myers, 1947) -- 

61 Austrolebias charrua Costa & Cheffe, 2001 Peixe anual 

62 Austrolebias cyaneus (Amato, 1987) Peixe anual 

63 Austrolebias ibicuiensis (Costa, 1999) -- 

64 Austrolebias luteoflammulatus (Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra & Scaglia, 1974) Peixe anual 

65 Austrolebias minuano Costa & Cheffe, 2001 Peixe anual 

66 Austrolebias nigrofasciatus Costa & Cheffe, 2001 Peixe anual 

67 Austrolebias periodicus (Costa, 1999) Peixe anual 

68 Campellolebias brucei Vaz-Ferreira & Sierra, 1974 -- 

69 Campellolebias chrysolineatus Costa, Lacerda & Brasil, 1989 -- 

70 Campellolebias dorsimaculatus Costa, Lacerda & Brasil, 1989 -- 

71 Cynolebias griseus Costa, Lacerda & Brasil, 1990 -- 

72 Leptolebias citrinipinnis (Costa, Lacerda & Tanizaki, 1988) -- 

73 Leptolebias cruzi (Costa, 1988) -- 

74 Leptolebias fractifasciatus (Costa, 1988) -- 

75 Leptolebias leitaoi (Cruz & Peixoto, 1991) -- 

76 Leptolebias marmoratus (Ladiges, 1934) -- 

77 Leptolebias minimus (Myers, 1942) -- 

78 Leptolebias opalescens (Myers, 1941) -- 

79 Leptolebias splendens (Myers, 1942) -- 

80 Maratecoara formosa Costa & Brasil, 1995 -- 

81 Megalebias wolterstorffi (Ahl, 1924) -- 

82 Nematolebias whitei (Myers, 1942) -- 

83 Plesiolebias xavantei (Costa, Lacerda & Tanizaki, 1988) -- 

84 Simpsonichthys alternatus (Costa & Brasil, 1994) -- 

85 Simpsonichthys auratus Costa & Nielsen, 2000 -- 

86 Simpsonichthys boitonei Carvalho, 1959 -- 

87 Simpsonichthys bokermanni (Carvalho & Cruz, 1987) -- 

88 Simpsonichthys constanciae (Myers, 1942) -- 

89 Simpsonichthys flammeus (Costa, 1989) -- 

90 Simpsonichthys fulminantis (Costa & Brasil, 1993) -- 

91 Simpsonichthys ghisolfi Costa, Cyrino & Nielsen, 1996 -- 

92 Simpsonichthys hellneri (Berkenkamp, 1993) -- 

93 Simpsonichthys izecksohni (Cruz, 1983) -- 

94 Simpsonichthys magnificus (Costa & Brasil, 1991) -- 

95 Simpsonichthys marginatus Costa & Brasil, 1996 -- 

96 Simpsonichthys multiradiatus (Costa & Brasil, 1994) -- 

97 Simpsonichthys myersi (Carvalho, 1971) -- 

98 Simpsonichthys notatus (Costa, Lacerda & Brasil, 1990) -- 

99 Simpsonichthys parallelus Costa, 2000 -- 

100 Simpsonichthys perpendicularis Costa, Nielsen & De Luca, 2001 -- 

101 Simpsonichthys rosaceus Costa, Nielsen & De Luca, 2001 --


Tabel III Continued 

102 Simpsonichthys rufus Costa, Nielsen & De Luca, 2000 -- 

103 Simpsonichthys santanae (Shibatta & Garavello, 1992) -- 

104 Simpsonichthys similis Costa & Hellner, 1999 -- 

105 Simpsonichthys stellatus (Costa & Brasil, 1994) -- 

106 Simpsonichthys trilineatus (Costa & Brasil, 1994) -- 

107 Simpsonichthys zonatus (Costa & Brasil, 1990) -- 

108 Spectrolebias semiocellatus Costa & Nielsen, 1997 -- 

109 Sternarchorhynchus britskii Campos-da-Paz, 2000 Ituí 

110 Eigenmannia vicentespelaea Triques, 1966 Ituí 

111 Prognathodes obliquus (Lubbock & Edwards, 1980) Peixe-borboleta 

112 Crenicichla cyclostoma Ploeg, 1986 Jacundá 

114 Crenicichla jegui Ploeg, 1986 Jacundá 

115 Crenicichla jupiaiensis Britski & Luengo, 1968 Joaninha 

116 Teleocichla cinderella Kullander, 1988 -- 

117 Gymnogeophagus setequedas Reis, Malabarba & Pavanelli, 1992 Acará 

119 Elacatinus figaro Sazima, Moura & Rosa, 1997 Neon 

120 Gramma brasiliensis Sazima, Gasparini & Moura, 1998 Grama 

121 Bodianus insularis Gomon & Lubbock, 1980 Bodião-Ilhéu 

122 Lutjanus analis (Cuvier, 1828) Caranha, cioba, vermelho-cioba 

123 Stegastes sanctipauli Lubbock & Edwards, 1981 Donzelinha 

124 Scarus guacamaia Cuvier, 1829 -- 

125 Anthias salmopunctatus Lubbock & Edwards, 1981 -- 

126 Mycteroperca tigris (Valenciennes, 1833) -- 

127 Tatia boemia Koch & Reis, 1996 -- 

128 Corydoras macropterus Regan, 1913 -- 

129 Lepthoplosternum tordilho Reis, 1997 -- 

130 Kalyptodoras bahiensis Higuchi, Britski & Garavello, 1990 Peracuca 

131 Chasmocranus brachynema Gomes & Schubart, 1958 Bagrinho 

132 Heptaterus multiradiatus Ihering, 1907 -- 

133 Pimelodella kronei (Ribeiro, 1907) Bagre-cego 

134 Rhamdia jequitinhonha Silfvergrip, 1996 Bagre, jundiá 

135 Rhamdiopsis microcephala (Lütken, 1874) Bagrinho 

136 Taunaya bifasciata (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) Bagrinho 

137 Ancistrus formoso Sabino & Trajano, 1997 Cascudo 

138 Delturus parahybae (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) Cascudo-laje 

139 Harttia rhombocephala Miranda-Ribeiro,1939 Cascudo 

140 Hemiancistrus chlorostictus Cardoso & Malabarba, 1999 Cascudo 

141 Hemipsilichthys garbei Ihering, 1911 Cascudo 

142 Hemipsilichthys mutuca Oliveira & Oyakawa, 1999 Cascudo 

143 Hypancistrus zebra Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1991 Cascudo-zebra 

144 Pogonopoma parahybae (Steindachner, 1877) Cascudo 

145 Pseudotocinclus tietensis (Ihering, 1907) Cascudinho 

146 Aguarunichthys tocantinsensis Zuanon, Rapp Py-Daniel & Jégu, 1993 -- 

147 Conorhynchos conirostris (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840)Pirá, pirá-tamanduá 

148 Steindachneridion amblyura (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888) Surubim 

149 Steindachneridion doceana (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) Surubim-do-doce 

150 Steindachneridion parahybae (Steindachner, 1876) Surubim-do-paraíba 

151 Steindachneridion scripta (Ribeiro, 1918) Surubim 

152 Homodiaetus graciosa Koch, 2002 Cambeba 

153 Homodieatus passarelii (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1944) 

154 Listrura campos (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1957) Candiru, bagre-mole 

155 Listrura nematopteryx De Pinna, 1988 

156 Listrura tetraradiata Landim & Costa, 2002 

157 Microcambeva barbata Costa & Bockmann, 1994 Cambeva 

158 Trichogenes longipinnis Britski & Ortega, 1983 

159 Trichomycterus castroi Pinna, 1992 Cambeva 

160 Trichomycterus itacarambiensis Trajanoi & Pinna, 1996 Cambeva 

161 Trichomycterus paolence (Eigenmann, 1917) Cambeva 

94 

Legislation

Legislation 

Table IV. Species prohibited for export in Peru 

95 


Scientific name Common name 

1. Brachyplatystoma filamentosum saltón, piraiba or lechero 

2. Brachyplatystoma flavicans dorado or plateado 

3. Brachyplatystoma vaillantii manitoa or pirabutón 

4. Brachyplatystoma juruense zúngaro alianza 

5. Callophysus macropterus mota pintada 

6. Hemisorubim platyrhinchus manitoa, toa 

7. Hypophthalmus edentatus maparate 

8. Hypophthalmus marginatus maparate 

9. Merodontotus tigrinus tigrinus 

10. Paulicea luetkeni cunchimama amarillo or pacamu 

11. Pinirampus pirinampu mota blanca 

12. Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum doncella or pintadillo 

13. Pseudoplatystoma figrinum tigre zúngaro or pintado 

14. Sorubimichthys planiceps achacubo or peje leño 

15. Anodus elongatus yulilla 

16. Arapaima gigas paiche or pirarucú 

17 Astronotus ocellatus acarahuazú 

18. Brycon erythropterum sábalo cola roja 

19. Brycon melanopterus sábalo cola negra 

20. Cichia monoculus tucunaré 

21. Colossoma macropomun gamitana 

22. Curimata vittata actara pintada or ractafogón 

23. Hoplias malabaricus tasaco 

24. Leporinus trifasciatus lisa 3 bandas 

25. Myleus rubripinnis palometa or curuhuara 

26. Myleus schomburqui palometa banda negra 

27. Mylossoma duriventrii palometa 

28. Pellona castelnaeana bacalao, panshina or pez chino 

29. Piaractus brachypomus paco 

30. Plagioscion squamosissimus corvina 

31. Pothamorhina altamazonica llambina 

32. Pothamorhina latior yahuarachi 

33. Prochilodus nigricans Boquichico or bacachico 

34. Psectrogaster amazonica ractara 

35. Psectrogaster rutiloides chio chio 

36. Ptergoplychthys chambira 

38. Schizodon fasciatus lisa 4 bandas 

39. Semaprochilodus amazonensis yaraqui 

40. Triportheus angulatus sardina 

41. Triportheus elongates sardina 

For the fish in red a quota system is in place.

Import and Export legislation - Ornamental Fish International

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